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آمار یادگیری
سطح CEFR
سختی
زیرنویسها (666 بخشها)
Moral psychology isn't always an easy thing to study.
First of all, just using a survey
to ask people what they think is moral
doesn't always reveal what they would do in real life.
An experiment that actually puts people
in what feels like a real scenario
may get more realistic results,
but researchers must always balance the benefits
of what we could learn
with the safety and well-being of the people they study.
Secondly, what we learn from moral psychology experiments
doesn't always make humans look good.
For example, today we're going to look at moral licensing:
the theory that when you do something good...
you subconsciously feel you've earned a license
to then do something bad.
I've been working with Dr. Kyle Stanford,
from the Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science
at the University of California, Irvine,
on a way to observe moral licensing in the wild.
So I want to see moral licensing in effect.
I want to see people who have been led to believe,
through their own actions, that they're good.
Use that feeling
to do bad.
The thing to keep in mind,
it's like people are keeping tabs,
and they give themselves credit for the moral...
the good thing they did.
But none of that is happening consciously, right?
So we shouldn't imagine that a person who's engaged
in moral licensing is asking themselves in their head...
Right, pulling out their scorecard.
...what should I be? Does it make me a good person?
But it is going on, and they don't experience it.
-They don't know that it's happening. -Right.
I think we're going to learn a lot today.
-I say we go get started. -Let's do it.
Let's do it.
[Michael] So here's how the moral licensing test
we designed is going to work.
First, we're going to take this beautiful park
and, for the purposes of science,
throw trash everywhere.
Next, we've hired some unsuspecting actors
who think they're going to film a public service announcement
about the park.
-Hey, Jake. Hey, man. -Hi.
-Nice to meet you. -Nice to meet you.
Once they've arrived,
it will be obvious that the trash is a problem.
We just need to clean up this little alleyway right here.
Will they do a good deed and earn some moral credit
by volunteering to help pick up the trash, or not?
And to make everything feel more real,
we did have them film our fake PSA.
Forget the concrete and the heat.
Relax in over 16,000 square feet.
Of outdoor space that can't be beat.
Right outside your door.
Right outside your door.
Right outside your door.
After shooting the PSA,
each participant will be asked to wait in a separate area
for some final paperwork.
There, our confederate Cameron, who appears to be homeless,
will ask them for money.
Meanwhile, Dr. Stanford and I will be watching
behind the scenes to observe how our subjects react.
So, will our participants
keep their subconscious moral scorecards balanced
by giving money when they didn't clean,
or feeling like they don't need to give money if they did?
-Hey! -Makaylo.
Makaylo, nice to meet you.
First up in our demo was Makaylo.
We used our actual Mind Field crew
as the crew of the fake PSA
who are overwhelmed with the task
of cleaning up all the trash.
We normally sort of never ask this, but...
we've got, like, all this stuff that we're trying to clean up.
I'm going to grab some gloves. I was wondering,
would you help me?
-I'm sorry... -Let's do it. Let's do it.
All three of us can triple-team it.
-and we can get this thing going. -Let's do it. Let's do it.
Yeah, this is just what we wanted to do today.
It looks like someone had a good time, though.
[Michael] All right, so picking up the trash.
How do you think that's currently sitting
with our actor?
He's thinking of himself as having done a good deed
that he didn't need to do, that he didn't have to do.
Right? And so the moral credit is high.
[Michael] Then it was time to shoot our PSA.
[man] Take it away.
Forget the concrete and the heat.
Relax in 16,000 square feet.
[man] That was great! All right, man.
-Hey, thanks so much. -Cool. No problem, man.
We compensated our participants for the PSA in small bills
so they would have plenty to give the homeless man,
should they choose to do so.
-Here's $50. -Thank you, thank you.
Then we asked them to wait in a nearby tent
for their final paperwork.
Will Makaylo's good deed be enough moral credit
for him to pass on helping the homeless guy?
All right, Cameron, this is Michael.
You can go ahead.
What's up?
-What's up? -Hi.
Are you with this?
Yeah, I'm just waiting for someone to help me out here.
Could you help me out with like a dollar or two?
Just, I can go to the vending machine?
Sorry, my man, I ain't got nothing but $20 bills on me right now.
Oh, I got nothing but $20 bills.
[laughs]
-You sure? -Yeah, man.
All right, well...
[Michael] We're going to go talk to him.
Hey, Makaylo.
-Hey. -Thanks for waiting.
-I'm Michael. Nice to meet you. -No problem. Makaylo.
-This is Kyle. -Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, Makaylo.
We really appreciate your help today.
-I just saw-- Did a guy come by? -Yes.
What did he ask?
-For a dollar bill. -[Michael] Oh, for a dollar bill?
Yeah.
Did you give him money?
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