どうぞお先に。

The phrase combines several elements: * **どうぞ (dōzo):** This is a polite and deferential word used to offer something, invite someone, or encourage an action. It conveys a sense of 'please' or 'by all means.' Its origin is thought to be a corruption or evolution of earlier forms like 'dou suru zo' (どうするぞ - what will you do?), eventually softening into a general expression of polite encouragement. * **お (o-):** This is an honorific prefix commonly attached to nouns and verbs to show respect to the person being addressed or to the action itself. It doesn't have a direct independent meaning but serves to elevate the politeness level of the following word. * **先 (saki):** This kanji means 'front,' 'ahead,' 'before,' or 'previous.' In this context, it specifically refers to being 'ahead' or 'first.' * **に (ni):** This is a particle indicating direction, location, or a point in time. Here, it functions to indicate the direction or recipient of the 'first' action, i.e., 'to the front' or 'to be first.' When combined, 'どうぞお先に' literally translates to something like 'Please, to the front/first' or 'Please, you go ahead.' The honorific 'お' and the polite 'どうぞ' contribute significantly to its deferential and courteous tone, making it a standard phrase for yielding or inviting someone to precede.