I'm sorry

Use it for small things like bumping into someone. Use it for big things like missing a meeting. You can say it alone or add a reason. For example: I'm sorry I'm late. It works as a sentence on its own. Just look the person in the eye. A small nod helps show you are sincere.

You can use it at a restaurant if you drop a fork. Use it when texting a friend if you reply late. In a meeting, use it if you interrupt someone. It is perfect for when you step on someone's toe. It also works when you hear sad news from a friend. In that case, it shows empathy, not guilt.

Don't use it for things you didn't do. Don't use it if you are not actually regretful. If you say it too much, it loses its power. Avoid using it for simple requests like asking for directions. Use Excuse me for that instead. Don't say it if you are just being polite but mean no harm.

In English-speaking cultures, people say I'm sorry very often. In countries like the UK or Canada, it is almost a reflex. People might even say it if *you* bump into *them*! It is a social lubricant. It keeps interactions smooth and friendly. It is less about 'shame' and more about 'harmony'.

For small mistakes, try My bad with friends. For bigger mistakes, use I am so sorry. In formal letters, use I apologize. If you want to sound British, try Terribly sorry. Each variation changes the 'weight' of your apology. Choose the one that fits your mistake.