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C1 noun 8 Min. Lesezeit

رذیلت

razilat

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At this level, 'رذیلت' (Razilat) is a very difficult word. You don't need to use it yet. Just know that it means 'a very bad thing in a person's heart.' Think of it as the opposite of being a 'good person.' If someone is very mean or always tells lies, a teacher might say that is a 'razilat.' It's like a 'bad habit' but much more serious. For now, just remember: Good = Fazilat, Bad = Razilat. You will mostly see this in books, not in daily talk. If you want to say something is bad, just use 'bad' (bad) or 'na-khub' (not good). This word is for when you become a very advanced student and want to talk about big ideas like 'right and wrong.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to recognize 'رذیلت' as a formal word for 'vice' or 'moral badness.' It is usually used in books or when people talk about character. For example, 'Lying is a vice' would be 'Dorugh-gooyi yek razilat ast.' You might see this word in short stories where a character has a bad trait that causes trouble. It is a noun. You can remember it by thinking of 'bad qualities.' While you might not use it in a restaurant or with friends, knowing it helps you understand more serious Persian content like news headlines or school textbooks. It is always a negative word.

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At the B1 level, you should understand that 'رذیلت' is used to discuss ethics and personality. It is more formal than 'adat-e bad' (bad habit). You will encounter it in discussions about 'Akhlaq' (ethics/morals). It is important to know that the plural is 'Razayel' (رذایل). You can use it to describe serious flaws like 'Hasad' (envy) or 'Tamma' (greed). When you see it, think of 'moral corruption.' It is often paired with the verb 'budan' (to be) or 'shomordan' (to consider). For example: 'They consider greed a vice.' This word starts to appear more frequently in newspaper editorials and social commentary at this stage.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use 'رذیلت' in your writing and formal speaking. You should understand its philosophical weight as the opposite of 'Fazilat' (virtue). You can use it to analyze characters in literature or to discuss social issues. You should be able to distinguish it from 'sin' (gonah) and 'crime' (jorm). A 'razilat' is an internal character flaw. You might use phrases like 'vices of the soul' (razayel-e nafsani). At this level, you should also be comfortable with the 'Ezafe' construction: 'the vice of pride' (razilat-e takabbur). You are moving beyond simple 'good and bad' and starting to use more precise, academic terms for human behavior.

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At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'رذیلت.' You know it's a term deeply rooted in Islamic and Persian ethical philosophy (Tahdhib al-Akhlaq). You can discuss how certain traits are classified as 'razilat' based on being an extreme (either too much or too little of a quality). You use it fluently in academic essays, literary analysis, and high-level debates. You understand its register perfectly—it's formal and carries a sense of gravity. You can also recognize its derivatives and related terms like 'razl' (vile). You use the plural 'razayel' naturally when discussing a collection of negative traits. Your usage reflects an understanding of the word's ability to categorize human nature into a moral hierarchy.

At the C2 level, 'رذیلت' is a tool for precise philosophical and rhetorical expression. You understand its etymological roots and how it has been used by classical poets and philosophers like Al-Ghazali or Nasir al-Din Tusi. You can use it to discuss the 'psychology of the soul' in a historical context. You are aware of the subtle differences between 'razilat' and its synonyms like 'foroomayegi' (baseness) or 'khassa-ye past' (lowly trait). You can use the word ironically or in complex metaphorical structures. Your command of the word allows you to navigate the most sophisticated Persian texts, from medieval ethics manuals to modern existentialist literature, with total comprehension and appropriate usage.

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رذیلت in 30 Sekunden

A formal Persian word for moral vice or wickedness.
The direct opposite of 'fazilat' (virtue) in ethical contexts.
Commonly used in the plural form 'razayel' to list bad traits.
Essential for discussing philosophy, literature, and serious social issues.

The Persian word رذیلت (Razīlat) is a high-level noun that refers to a moral failing, a vice, or a wicked characteristic within a person's character. In the landscape of Persian ethics and philosophy, it is the direct polar opposite of فضیلت (Fazīlat), which means virtue. When you use this word, you are not just talking about a simple mistake or a bad habit like biting your nails; you are describing a deep-seated corruption of the soul or a significant ethical flaw that degrades a person's humanity. It is often used in formal discussions regarding ethics (Akhlāq), theology, and classical literature. For instance, greed, envy, and cowardice are all considered رذایل اخلاقی (moral vices). Understanding this word requires an appreciation of the Aristotelian influence on Persian thought, where virtue is the middle ground and vice is the extreme at either end.

Register: Formal, Literary, Academic, and Religious.

Plural Form: رذایل (Razāyel) - This is the Arabic broken plural commonly used in Persian.

Root: Derived from the Arabic root (r-dh-l), meaning to be low, base, or despicable.

بخل یکی از بزرگترین رذیلت‌های انسانی است که روح را تیره می‌کند. (Miserliness is one of the greatest human vices that darkens the soul.)

او در کتاب خود به بررسی تفاوت میان فضیلت و رذیلت پرداخته است. (In his book, he has examined the difference between virtue and vice.)

جامعه‌ای که در آن دروغ به یک رذیلت تبدیل نشود، رو به انحطاط است. (A society in which lying does not become a vice is heading towards decline.)

فیلسوفان اخلاق همواره بر دوری از رذیلت تأکید داشته‌اند. (Moral philosophers have always emphasized staying away from vice.)

هر رذیلت اخلاقی، مانعی در راه کمال است. (Every moral vice is an obstacle on the path to perfection.)

In modern Persian media, you might hear this word during political critiques or social commentaries when a journalist describes a systematic moral failure in an institution. It carries a heavy weight of judgment. Unlike 'gonah' (sin), which has a purely religious connotation, 'razilat' can be used in secular philosophical contexts to describe character flaws that are objectively harmful to the self or society. It is the 'dark side' of the human character spectrum. To truly master its use, one must see it as the lack of a specific 'fazilat'. For example, if courage is the virtue, then both cowardice and recklessness are considered different types of 'razilat'. This nuanced view is essential for C1 level proficiency.

Using رذیلت correctly involves placing it in contexts where moral weight is being assessed. It often appears as the subject of a sentence or as part of a prepositional phrase describing a person's character. Because it is a formal word, the surrounding vocabulary should also match this formal register. You wouldn't typically use 'razilat' in a slang-heavy sentence. Instead, you pair it with verbs like پرهیز کردن (to avoid), شمردن (to count/consider), or غلبه کردن (to overcome).

Common Collocation: رذایل اخلاقی (Moral vices) - This is the most common way to refer to a set of bad traits.

Verb Pairing: دچارِ رذیلت شدن (To fall into vice) - Used to describe the process of becoming immoral.

ما باید تلاش کنیم تا خود را از هرگونه رذیلت پاک کنیم. (We must strive to cleanse ourselves of any vice.)

حسادت، رذیلتی است که آرامش را از انسان می‌گیرد. (Envy is a vice that takes peace away from a person.)

In academic writing, you might see it used in the possessive 'Ezafe' construction: رذیلتِ دروغگویی (the vice of lying). This structure allows you to specify exactly which vice you are referring to. Furthermore, in historical Persian texts like the 'Gulistan' of Saadi, the word is used to contrast the noble nature of kings with the base nature of common criminals. It is a word that categorizes human behavior into a hierarchy of value. If you are writing an essay for a Persian proficiency exam, using 'razilat' instead of 'bad-i' (badness) will significantly increase your lexical resource score because it demonstrates a command of abstract, high-level vocabulary. It shows you can discuss concepts of morality and character with precision.

While you won't hear 'razilat' at a grocery store or while chatting about the weather, it is a staple in specific Iranian cultural and intellectual spheres. Primarily, you will encounter it in Friday sermons (Khutbahs) or religious lectures where the speaker is discussing the 'tazkiyah' (purification) of the soul. It is also very common in university humanities departments, specifically in philosophy and literature classes. If you watch serious talk shows on Iranian television that invite scholars to discuss social ethics, 'razilat' will be used frequently to describe the root causes of social issues like corruption or lack of empathy.

Media Context: Documentaries about historical figures or moral allegories.

استاد در کلاس اخلاق گفت: «طمع، رذیلتی است که پایان ندارد.» (The professor said in the ethics class: 'Greed is a vice that has no end.')

Another place you'll find this word is in classical poetry. Poets like Rumi or Hafez might not always use the exact word 'razilat' (often preferring more poetic terms), but commentators explaining their work will use it to categorize the 'ego' (nafs) and its various vices. In modern literary criticism, 'razilat' is used to analyze the character flaws of protagonists in novels. If a character's downfall is caused by their pride, a critic would write about the رذیلتِ تکبر (the vice of arrogance). Hearing this word should immediately signal to you that the conversation has moved from the mundane to the meaningful, focusing on the internal qualities that define a human being's worth.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with رذیلت is using it too casually. Because it translates to 'vice' or 'wickedness,' it carries a very strong negative charge. Using it to describe a minor annoyance, like someone being late for a meeting, would sound strange and overly dramatic. Another mistake is confusing it with گناه (Sin). While many vices are sins, 'razilat' refers to the character trait (the tendency), whereas 'sin' refers to the specific act. You *have* a vice, but you *commit* a sin.

Mistake 1: Using it for physical objects. You cannot have a 'razilat' car; it only applies to human character or abstract concepts.

Mistake 2: Confusing it with 'Zellat' (ذلت). Zellat means humiliation or abasement. While they sound slightly similar, they are very different concepts.

Incorrect: دیر آمدن او یک رذیلت است. (His being late is a vice - Too dramatic.)

Correct: تنبلی یک رذیلت است که مانع پیشرفت می‌شود. (Laziness is a vice that prevents progress.)

Learners also sometimes forget the plural form رذایل. In Persian, when talking about vices in general, it is much more natural to use the plural. For example, 'The path to virtue is avoiding vices' would be راه فضیلت، دوری از رذایل است. Using the singular 'razilat' in this general context sounds slightly incomplete. Finally, ensure you don't confuse the adjective رذل (Razl) with the noun. 'Razl' means 'vile' or 'base' and describes a person (e.g., آدم رذل - a vile person), while 'razilat' is the abstract noun for the quality itself.

To expand your vocabulary, it's helpful to compare رذیلت with other words that occupy the same semantic space. While 'razilat' is the most formal and philosophical, other words might be more appropriate depending on the context. For example, پستی (Pasti) refers to meanness or baseness, often in a social or behavioral sense. نقص (Naqs) means a flaw or defect, which can be used for both objects and character, but it lacks the moral weight of 'razilat'.

رذیلت vs. گناه (Sin): 'Razilat' is the character flaw; 'Gonah' is the action that violates a religious law.

رذیلت vs. عیب (Fault/Defect): 'Eyb' is more general and can be used for a broken car or a person's physical appearance; 'Razilat' is strictly moral.

رذیلت vs. شرارت (Wickedness/Malevolence): 'Shararat' implies an active desire to do evil or cause harm, whereas 'razilat' can be a passive failing like sloth.

او به جای واژه رذیلت، از کلمه «پستی» استفاده کرد تا لحن عامیانه‌تری داشته باشد. (Instead of the word 'vice', he used the word 'baseness' to have a more colloquial tone.)

When writing, if you want to emphasize the despicableness of an act, you might use فرومایگی (Foroomayegi), which literally means 'low-mindedness'. This is a beautiful, high-literary alternative to 'razilat'. Conversely, if you are talking about a bad habit that is hard to break but not necessarily 'evil' in a grand sense, use خصلت بد (Kheslat-e bad). Understanding these nuances allows you to paint a more precise picture of human character. In the C1 and C2 levels, the ability to choose between 'razilat', 'pasti', and 'foroomayegi' based on the subtle differences in their connotations is what distinguishes a proficient speaker from a master of the language.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

While 'razilat' sounds very serious today, its root once just described something of poor quality, like a low-grade fabric. Over centuries, it moved from the physical world to the moral world.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /ræziːˈlæt/

US /ræziːˈlæt/

The stress is typically on the last syllable: ra-zi-LAT.

Reimt sich auf

فضیلت (Fazilat) رذیلت (Razilat) طبیعت (Tabiat) مصیبت (Mosibat) حقیقت (Haghighat) شریعت (Shariat) معصیت (Ma'siat) عزیمت (Azimat)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing the 'z' as a 'j'.
Making the 'i' too short.
Stressing the first syllable.
Confusing it with 'Rezalat' (disgrace).
Failing to roll the 'r'.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 8/5

Requires understanding of formal and literary Persian.

Schreiben 9/5

Using it naturally requires a good grasp of ethical vocabulary.

Sprechen 7/5

Pronunciation is easy, but finding the right context is tricky.

Hören 8/5

Common in lectures and news, but rare in street speech.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

بد (Bad) خوب (Good) اخلاق (Ethics) صفت (Trait) نفس (Self)

Als Nächstes lernen

فضیلت (Virtue) ملکه (Disposition) انحطاط (Decline) تزکیه (Purification) اعتدال (Moderation)

Fortgeschritten

تهذیب اخلاق (Refining ethics) حکمت عملی (Practical wisdom) رذایل سبعی (Bestial vices) قوای نفس (Powers of the soul)

Wichtige Grammatik

Arabic Broken Plurals

The plural of 'Razilat' is 'Razayel' (رذایل), following the 'fa'ā'il' pattern.

Abstract Noun Suffixes

The '-at' suffix in 'Razilat' is a common marker for abstract nouns borrowed from Arabic.

Ezafe for Specification

Using 'Razilat-e' to link the category to the specific vice: 'Razilat-e Hasad' (The vice of envy).

Indefinite 'i' with Adjectives

When an adjective follows an indefinite noun: 'Razilati bozorg' (A great vice).

Compound Verbs with 'Shomordan'

'Razilat shomordan' (To consider as a vice) uses the verb 'to count/consider'.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

دروغ یک رذیلت است.

Lying is a vice.

Simple subject-complement structure.

او رذیلت ندارد.

He doesn't have a vice.

Negative form of 'dashtan'.

رذیلت بد است.

Vice is bad.

Basic adjective use.

آیا حسادت رذیلت است؟

Is envy a vice?

Simple question.

این یک رذیلت بزرگ است.

This is a big vice.

Using 'bozorg' as an adjective.

من رذیلت را دوست ندارم.

I don't like vice.

Direct object with 'ra'.

کتاب درباره رذیلت است.

The book is about vice.

Prepositional phrase with 'darbareh'.

فضیلت بهتر از رذیلت است.

Virtue is better than vice.

Comparative structure.

تنبلی رذیلتی است که باید با آن جنگید.

Laziness is a vice that one must fight.

Indefinite 'i' on 'razilat'.

همه انسان‌ها ممکن است دچار رذیلت شوند.

All humans might fall into vice.

Use of 'momken ast'.

او سعی می‌کند از رذایل دوری کند.

He tries to stay away from vices.

Plural 'razayel'.

در این داستان، رذیلت قهرمان مشخص است.

In this story, the hero's vice is clear.

Possessive Ezafe.

بخل یک رذیلت اخلاقی محسوب می‌شود.

Miserliness is considered a moral vice.

Passive-like 'mahsub mishavad'.

معلم درباره رذیلت‌های انسانی صحبت کرد.

The teacher spoke about human vices.

Plural with '-ha'.

ما نباید اجازه دهیم رذیلت در قلب ما رشد کند.

We shouldn't let vice grow in our hearts.

Subjunctive 'roshd konad'.

رذیلت باعث تنهایی انسان می‌شود.

Vice causes a person's loneliness.

Causative 'ba'es shodan'.

نویسنده در این مقاله به نقد رذیلت طمع پرداخته است.

The author has critiqued the vice of greed in this article.

Compound verb 'pardakhtan be'.

شناخت رذایل اولین قدم برای اصلاح خود است.

Recognizing vices is the first step to self-improvement.

Gerund 'shenakht' as subject.

او با وجود رذیلت‌هایش، هنوز مهربان است.

Despite his vices, he is still kind.

Preposition 'ba vojud-e'.

جامعه نباید رذیلت را به عنوان ارزش بپذیرد.

Society should not accept vice as a value.

Modal 'nabayad'.

هر رذیلتی ریشه‌ای در ترس دارد.

Every vice has a root in fear.

Indefinite 'i' with 'har'.

او تمام عمرش را صرف مبارزه با رذایل کرد.

He spent his whole life fighting vices.

Past tense 'sarf kard'.

این رفتار بیش از آنکه اشتباه باشد، یک رذیلت است.

This behavior is a vice more than it is a mistake.

Comparative 'bish az anke'.

آیا علم می‌تواند رذیلت را از بین ببرد؟

Can science eliminate vice?

Question with 'tavanestan'.

در فلسفه ارسطو، رذیلت افراط یا تفریط در یک صفت است.

In Aristotle's philosophy, vice is the excess or deficiency of a trait.

Technical philosophical terms.

او مدعی بود که فقر ریشه بسیاری از رذایل است.

He claimed that poverty is the root of many vices.

Reported speech structure.

پاکسازی نفس از رذایل، هدف اصلی عرفان است.

Purifying the soul from vices is the main goal of mysticism.

Complex noun phrase as subject.

رذیلت تکبر مانع از یادگیری و پیشرفت می‌شود.

The vice of arrogance prevents learning and progress.

Noun + noun Ezafe.

تاریخ نشان داده که قدرت می‌تواند به رذیلت تبدیل شود.

History has shown that power can turn into vice.

Perfect tense 'neshan dade'.

او هیچ‌گاه اجازه نداد رذیلت انتقام بر او غلبه کند.

He never let the vice of revenge overcome him.

Double negative 'hich-gah... na'.

تفاوت میان فضیلت و رذیلت گاهی بسیار باریک است.

The difference between virtue and vice is sometimes very thin.

Adverb 'gahi'.

بسیاری از رذایل در سایه نادانی رشد می‌کنند.

Many vices grow in the shadow of ignorance.

Metaphorical prepositional phrase.

انحطاط اخلاقی یک ملت زمانی آغاز می‌شود که رذیلت، فضیلت شمرده شود.

The moral decline of a nation begins when vice is considered virtue.

Complex conditional-like structure.

او در رساله خود به تفصیل درباره رذایل سبعی و بهیمی بحث کرده است.

In his treatise, he has discussed predatory and bestial vices in detail.

Arabic-derived adjectives.

رذیلت تنها یک عمل نیست، بلکه یک ملکه نفسانی است.

Vice is not just an act, but a psychological habit/disposition.

Technical term 'malakeh'.

چگونه می‌توان میان رذیلت‌های فردی و ساختاری تمایز قائل شد؟

How can one distinguish between individual and structural vices?

Formal question structure.

ادبیات کلاسیک ما سرشار از پندهایی برای دوری از رذایل است.

Our classical literature is full of advice for staying away from vices.

Adjective 'sarshar'.

او معتقد بود که هنر باید راهی برای غلبه بر رذیلت‌های بشری باشد.

He believed that art should be a way to overcome human vices.

Subjunctive 'bashad'.

رذیلت نفاق، خطرناک‌ترین آسیب برای هر جنبش اجتماعی است.

The vice of hypocrisy is the most dangerous damage to any social movement.

Superlative 'khatarnak-tarin'.

وجدان، تنها محک برای تشخیص فضیلت از رذیلت است.

Conscience is the only touchstone for distinguishing virtue from vice.

Formal word 'mahak'.

در نظام اخلاقی مسکویه، رذیلت خروج از حد اعتدال تعریف می‌شود.

In Miskawayh's ethical system, vice is defined as departing from the limit of moderation.

Passive voice 'ta'rif mishavad'.

رذایل اخلاقی همچون زنگاری بر آیینه جان می‌نشینند.

Moral vices settle like rust upon the mirror of the soul.

Poetic simile with 'hamchon'.

تقلیل رذیلت به یک ناهنجاری رفتاری، ناشی از نگاهی پوزیتیویستی است.

Reducing vice to a behavioral abnormality stems from a positivist view.

Academic nominalization.

آیا رذیلت ذاتی است یا محصول مناسبات اجتماعی؟

Is vice innate or the product of social relations?

Philosophical dichotomy.

او با ظرافتی خیره‌کننده، رذیلت‌های پنهان طبقه متوسط را به تصویر کشید.

With stunning subtlety, he portrayed the hidden vices of the middle class.

Adverbial phrase 'ba zarafati...'.

مفهوم رذیلت در دوران مدرن دستخوش تحولی بنیادین شده است.

The concept of vice has undergone a fundamental transformation in the modern era.

Compound verb 'dastkhosh-e... shodan'.

رذیلتِ سکوت در برابر ظلم، کمتر از خودِ ظلم نیست.

The vice of silence in the face of oppression is no less than the oppression itself.

Comparative 'kamtar az... nist'.

حکما بر این باورند که رذیلت، بیماریِ روح است.

Sages believe that vice is the disease of the soul.

Formal 'hukama' as subject.

Häufige Kollokationen

رذایل اخلاقی

دوری از رذیلت

رذیلتِ اخلاقی

منجلاب رذیلت

پاکسازی از رذایل

رذیلت و فضیلت

بزرگترین رذیلت

رذیلتِ نفاق

پالایش رذایل

غرق در رذیلت

Häufige Phrasen

رذایل و فضایل

— Vices and virtues. Used to describe the full spectrum of human character.

کتاب به بررسی رذایل و فضایل پرداخته است.

دچار رذیلت شدن

— To become afflicted with a vice. Implies a negative transformation.

مراقب باش که دچار رذیلت طمع نشوی.

رذیلتی نابخشودنی

— An unforgivable vice. Used for very serious moral crimes.

خیانت، رذیلتی نابخشودنی است.

در دام رذیلت افتادن

— To fall into the trap of vice. Suggests being lured into bad behavior.

او در دام رذیلتِ قمار افتاد.

مبارزه با رذایل

— Fighting against vices. Often refers to self-improvement.

مبارزه با رذایل درونی دشوار است.

رذیلتِ نفسانی

— A vice of the carnal soul. Common in mystical Persian texts.

کبر، یک رذیلت نفسانی است.

منشاء رذایل

— The source of vices. Used to identify root causes like ignorance.

نادانی، منشاء بسیاری از رذایل است.

ترک رذیلت

— Quitting or leaving a vice behind.

ترک رذیلت اولین گام توبه است.

رذیلتِ آشکار

— An obvious or manifest vice.

بی‌ادبی او یک رذیلت آشکار بود.

فهرست رذایل

— A list of vices. Used in educational or religious contexts.

او فهرستی از رذایل را تهیه کرد.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

رذیلت vs ذلت (Zellat)

Zellat means humiliation or being low in status, while Razilat is a moral vice. They share a similar sound but different roots.

رذیلت vs رزالت (Rezalat)

Often used interchangeably in some contexts to mean 'disgrace' or 'vileness', but Razilat is the specific term for a single vice.

رذیلت vs رذل (Razl)

This is the adjective (vile/base person), whereas Razilat is the noun (the quality of vice).

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"رذیلت در خون کسی بودن"

— For a vice to be in someone's blood. Implies it is innate.

انگار رذیلت در خون اوست.

Informal/Critical

"با رذیلت هم‌بستر شدن"

— To be 'in bed' with vice. Implies deep involvement in evil.

او با رذیلت هم‌بستر شده است.

Literary

"آیینه رذایل"

— A mirror of vices. A person who exhibits many bad traits.

او به آیینه رذایل تبدیل شده است.

Formal

"رذیلت را فضیلت جلوه دادن"

— To make a vice appear as a virtue. Sophistry or deception.

او سعی داشت رذیلت خود را فضیلت جلوه دهد.

Formal

"ریشه رذیلت را خشکاندن"

— To dry the root of vice. To eliminate it completely.

باید ریشه رذیلت را در جامعه خشکاند.

Formal

"رذیلت‌بار"

— Full of vice. Used to describe a life or a period.

او زندگی رذیلت‌باری داشت.

Formal

"از اوج فضیلت به حضیض رذیلت"

— From the peak of virtue to the abyss of vice.

او از اوج فضیلت به حضیض رذیلت سقوط کرد.

Literary

"رذیلت‌تراشی"

— Inventing vices for someone else. Unfairly accusing.

دست از رذیلت‌تراشی برای دیگران بردار.

Formal

"غبار رذیلت"

— The dust of vice. Implies a minor but corrupting influence.

غبار رذیلت بر چهره‌اش نشسته بود.

Poetic

"زنجیر رذیلت"

— The chain of vice. Being enslaved by bad habits.

او در زنجیر رذیلت گرفتار بود.

Literary

Leicht verwechselbar

رذیلت vs گناه (Sin)

Both are negative moral terms.

Sin (Gonah) is a religious act of disobedience. Vice (Razilat) is a deep-seated character flaw. One can have a vice without committing a specific sin at that moment.

Greed is a vice (razilat), but stealing is a sin (gonah).

رذیلت vs جرم (Crime)

Both involve bad behavior.

Crime (Jorm) is a violation of legal laws. Vice (Razilat) is a violation of moral or ethical standards. Not all vices are crimes.

Lying to a friend is a vice, but not usually a crime.

رذیلت vs عیب (Fault)

Both mean something is wrong with someone.

Eyb is general and can be physical or accidental. Razilat is always moral and involves character.

A scar is an 'eyb', but cruelty is a 'razilat'.

رذیلت vs عادت (Habit)

Vices are often habitual.

Habit (Adat) is neutral. A vice is always a negative, immoral habit.

Waking up early is a habit, but gambling is a vice.

رذیلت vs ضعف (Weakness)

Vices can be seen as weaknesses.

Weakness (Za'f) implies a lack of strength. Vice implies a presence of moral corruption.

Fear is a weakness, but cowardice is a vice.

Satzmuster

[Subject] یک رذیلت است.

دروغ یک رذیلت است.

باید از [Noun] که یک رذیلت است دوری کرد.

باید از تنبلی که یک رذیلت است دوری کرد.

او دچار رذیلتِ [Noun] شده است.

او دچار رذیلتِ غرور شده است.

رذیلتِ [Noun] باعث [Result] می‌شود.

رذیلتِ بخل باعث تنهایی می‌شود.

شناختِ [Noun] به عنوان یک رذیلت، گامی در جهت [Goal] است.

شناختِ نفاق به عنوان یک رذیلت، گامی در جهت اصلاح است.

تقلیلِ [Concept] به رذیلت، نشان‌دهنده [Perspective] است.

تقلیلِ آزادی به رذیلت، نشان‌دهنده استبداد است.

[Noun] از بزرگترین رذایل اخلاقی است.

خیانت از بزرگترین رذایل اخلاقی است.

مرز میان فضیلت و رذیلت در [Context] مشخص می‌شود.

مرز میان فضیلت و رذیلت در عمل مشخص می‌شود.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

رذیلت (Vice)

رذایل (Vices)

رذالت (Vileness/Baseness)

Verben

رذل بودن (To be vile)

رذالت کردن (To act viley)

Adjektive

رذل (Vile/Base)

رذیلانه (Vilely/In a base manner)

Verwandt

فضیلت (Virtue)

اخلاق (Ethics)

پستی (Baseness)

نفس (Self/Soul)

ملکه (Disposition)

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frequency

Common in literature, academic writing, and religious contexts; rare in daily speech.

Häufige Fehler

Using 'razilat' for a person. → Using 'razl' for a person.
Razilat is a noun (vice); Razl is the adjective (vile). You say 'He has a vice', not 'He is a vice'.
Confusing 'razilat' with 'rezalat'. → Using 'razilat' for character traits.
Rezalat is more about a shameful situation or 'disgrace'. Razilat is the specific ethical term for a vice.
Using it in very casual settings. → Using 'adat-e bad' or 'kar-e bad'.
Razilat is too formal for a casual chat with friends about a small mistake.
Mispronouncing the 'i' as 'e'. → Pronouncing it as 'razīlat'.
The long 'i' (ee) sound is important for the correct formal pronunciation.
Forgetting the plural 'razayel'. → Using 'razayel' for multiple vices.
The broken plural is much more common and sounds more natural in formal Persian.

Tipps

Context Matters

Always use 'razilat' when you want to elevate your speech or writing to a philosophical or academic level. It shows you are thinking about deep character issues.

Plural Mastery

Learn 'razayel' (رذایل). Using the Arabic plural correctly is a hallmark of an advanced Persian speaker.

Pair with Virtues

When you use 'razilat', try to mention its corresponding 'fazilat' to show a complete understanding of the ethical spectrum.

Classical Literature

Look for this word in the works of Saadi. He uses it to teach moral lessons through stories.

Tone of Voice

Use a serious and thoughtful tone when saying this word. It's not a word for joking around.

Root Recognition

Remember the root R-Dh-L. Any word with these letters in this order in Persian or Arabic will likely relate to 'baseness' or 'low quality'.

Academic Essays

In essays, use 'razilat' to categorize social problems like 'corruption' or 'nepotism' as moral failures.

News Keywords

In news about corruption or crime, listen for 'razayel' when the commentator discusses the 'moral decay' of a group.

Persian Values

Understand that calling something a 'razilat' is a strong moral judgment in Iranian culture, reflecting deep values of 'Akhlaq'.

Not for Minor Issues

Don't use 'razilat' for things like forgetting your keys. Keep it for things like 'betrayal' or 'cruelty'.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'RAZor'. A 'RAZilat' is like a razor in your character that cuts your goodness away. Or connect it with 'Rotten' - a 'Razilat' is a rotten part of the heart.

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a bright white heart with a single, growing black spot. That black spot is a 'razilat'.

Word Web

Evil Character Bad habit Ethics Soul Opposite of Virtue Formal Arabic root

Herausforderung

Try to list three 'razayel' (vices) and three 'fazayel' (virtues) in Persian. Then write a sentence explaining why one 'razilat' is dangerous for a person's life.

Wortherkunft

The word is of Arabic origin, derived from the root R-Dh-L (رذل). It entered Persian during the early Islamic period as part of the massive influx of ethical and philosophical terminology.

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: In Arabic, the root refers to something being low-quality, base, or of no value. It was used for the 'dregs' of society or cheap goods.

Semitic (Arabic) -> Indo-European (Persian borrowing).

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when calling someone's behavior a 'razilat' directly, as it is a very strong and insulting term in a personal context. It is better used for abstract discussion.

The word is very similar to 'vice' in English, especially as used in 'The Seven Deadly Sins.' It is not used for 'Vice President' or 'Vice-Versa'.

Kimiyaye Sa'adat by Al-Ghazali (discusses the purification of the soul from razayel). Gulistan of Saadi (contains stories about moral failings). Akhlaq-i Nasiri by Nasir al-Din Tusi (a foundational text on Persian ethics).

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Ethics Class

تعریف رذیلت
انواع رذایل
تفاوت فضیلت و رذیلت
ریشه‌های رذیلت

Literary Criticism

رذیلت قهرمان
نمایش رذیلت
سقوط اخلاقی
تحلیل شخصیت

Religious Sermon

دوری از رذایل
پاکسازی نفس
عاقبت رذیلت
توبه از رذایل

Political Commentary

رذیلت فساد
انحطاط جامعه
رذایل ساختاری
اخلاق سیاسی

Self-Help/Psychology

غلبه بر رذیلت
تغییر رفتار
شناخت خود
عادات ناپسند

Gesprächseinstiege

"به نظر شما بزرگترین رذیلت در دنیای امروز چیست؟ (In your opinion, what is the greatest vice in today's world?)"

"آیا رذیلت‌ها می‌توانند ارثی باشند؟ (Can vices be hereditary?)"

"چگونه می‌توانیم فرزندانمان را از رذایل اخلاقی دور نگه داریم؟ (How can we keep our children away from moral vices?)"

"آیا هنر می‌تواند رذیلت را به فضیلت تبدیل کند؟ (Can art turn vice into virtue?)"

"کدام رذیلت در جامعه ما بیشتر دیده می‌شود؟ (Which vice is seen most in our society?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

درباره رذیلتی که در خود می‌بینید و می‌خواهید آن را تغییر دهید بنویسید. (Write about a vice you see in yourself that you want to change.)

تفاوت میان یک اشتباه ساده و یک رذیلت اخلاقی را با مثال توضیح دهید. (Explain the difference between a simple mistake and a moral vice with examples.)

آیا فکر می‌کنید رذیلت‌ها همیشه باعث رنج می‌شوند؟ (Do you think vices always cause suffering?)

داستانی کوتاه درباره شخصیتی بنویسید که بر یک رذیلت بزرگ غلبه می‌کند. (Write a short story about a character who overcomes a major vice.)

نقش آموزش در از بین بردن رذایل اجتماعی چیست؟ (What is the role of education in eliminating social vices?)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

No, while it is common in religion, it is a standard term in secular philosophy and ethics to describe character flaws.

The most common plural is 'razayel' (رذایل), though 'razilat-ha' (رذیلت‌ها) is also correct but less formal.

No, 'razilat' is the quality. To describe the person, use the adjective 'razl' (رذل).

No, it's quite formal. In daily life, people usually say 'kar-e bad' (bad work) or 'adat-e bad' (bad habit).

The direct opposite is 'fazilat' (فضیلت), which means virtue.

It's often translated as 'رذایل هفتگانه' (the seven vices) or 'گناهان کبیره' (the major sins).

No, it only applies to abstract concepts like character, soul, or society.

It implies a serious moral flaw, but not necessarily total evil. It depends on the specific vice being discussed.

Usually, the word is used for adults who have developed character. For children, people use 'bad-i' or 'bi-adabi'.

They are related, but 'rezalat' often refers to a shameful situation or act of disgrace, while 'razilat' is the internal trait.

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