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B1 verb 9 Min. Lesezeit

ریز کردن

riz kardan
Beispiele ریز کردن in 30 Sekunden
Erklärung ریز کردن in your Level:
At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'riz kardan' means to chop something into small pieces. You will most often use it when talking about food. 'Riz' means small, and 'kardan' means to do. So, you are 'doing small' to the food. Example: 'I chop the onion.' The focus here is on the basic present tense: 'Man piaz ra riz mikonam.' This is a very useful verb for beginners who want to describe daily chores or basic cooking. You might see it in simple recipes or hear it in a kitchen setting. Just remember that it is a compound verb, and the 'mi-' goes in the middle part (before the kardan).
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At the A2 level, you should be able to use 'riz kardan' in the past tense and the imperative (commands). You can tell someone: 'لطفاً پیاز را ریز کن' (Please chop the onion). You should also understand the difference between 'riz kardan' and 'boridan' (to cut). Use 'riz kardan' when you are making many small pieces from one big piece. You can also start to use adverbs like 'khayli' (very) to say 'khayli riz kardan' (to chop very finely). This level involves using the word in more complex sentences with the object marker 'ra.' For example: 'Dirooz goosht-ra riz kardam.' (Yesterday I chopped the meat).
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand the nuance of 'riz kardan' in culinary contexts. You should know that 'riz kardan' is a key part of Persian cooking, especially for stews like Ghormeh Sabzi. You should also be familiar with related words like 'riz-shodeh' (chopped - adjective). At this level, you can use the verb in more varied tenses, such as the future or present perfect. You should also be able to distinguish 'riz kardan' from 'khord kardan,' where the latter is more general and the former is more specific to size and precision. You might also encounter the word in non-food contexts, like shredding paper.
At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'riz kardan' in its passive form 'riz shodan' and understand its metaphorical uses. You might hear it in the context of 'breaking down' a budget or a large task into smaller parts. You should also be familiar with more advanced culinary terms like 'saturi kardan' (mincing with a cleaver) and how they compare to 'riz kardan.' Your usage should be natural, including the correct placement of 'ra' and the use of spoken Persian forms like 'rizesh kon' (chop it). You should be able to follow complex recipe instructions that use this verb in conjunction with other cooking verbs.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the word's place in Persian linguistic and cultural history. You can discuss the etymology of 'riz' and its connection to other words like 'rizesh' (falling/pouring). You understand the stylistic choice of using 'riz kardan' over 'khord kardan' in formal versus informal registers. You can use the word in sophisticated metaphorical contexts, such as describing the minute details of a legal case or a scientific analysis (breaking it down into 'riz' components). Your command of the verb's conjugation in all moods (subjunctive, conditional) is flawless, and you can appreciate the rhythmic quality of the word in literature or poetry describing domestic life.
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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like intuition for the word. You can use 'riz kardan' in highly nuanced ways, perhaps even ironically or in slang. You are aware of regional dialects and how they might use different verbs for the same action. You can write detailed culinary critiques where you analyze the precision of 'riz kardan' in a dish. You understand the historical evolution of the compound verb structure in Persian and can compare 'riz kardan' with archaic or poetic equivalents. Your use of the word is not just about communication but about expressing subtle shades of meaning, precision, and cultural identity.
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Beispiele

ریز کردن in 30 Sekunden

  • Riz kardan is the standard Persian verb for chopping or dicing food into small, fine pieces, essential for cooking.
  • It is a compound verb combining 'riz' (small) and 'kardan' (to do/make), taking the object marker 'ra' in sentences.
  • Culturally, fine chopping is a sign of culinary skill in Iran, particularly for traditional stews like Ghormeh Sabzi.
  • While mostly culinary, it can also mean shredding paper or metaphorically breaking down complex tasks into smaller parts.

The Persian verb ریز کردن (riz kardan) is a fundamental compound verb that every intermediate learner must master, especially if they have any interest in the rich world of Persian cuisine. At its core, the word is composed of the adjective riz (meaning small, tiny, or fine) and the auxiliary verb kardan (meaning to do or to make). Therefore, the literal translation is 'to make small.' However, in practical, everyday usage, it specifically refers to the action of chopping, dicing, or mincing. While in English you might distinguish between 'chopping' (larger pieces) and 'mincing' (very fine pieces), in Persian, ریز کردن covers the entire spectrum of reducing a solid object into smaller components using a blade.

Culinary Context
This is the primary domain of the word. Whether you are preparing the herbs for Ghormeh Sabzi or dicing onions for a Sosis Bandari, you are performing the act of riz kardan. The finer the chop, the more 'riz' the result is considered.
Physical Reduction
Beyond food, it can be used for shredding paper or breaking down materials into small bits, though 'ghat'e ghat'e kardan' or 'khord kardan' might also be used depending on the intensity.

مادرم همیشه پیازها را خیلی ریز می‌کند تا در غذا معلوم نشوند.
My mother always chops the onions very finely so they aren't visible in the food.

The cultural nuance of this word cannot be overstated. In Iranian culture, the skill of a cook is often judged by how finely they can chop herbs (sabzi). If the herbs in a stew are too large, it is often seen as a sign of a rushed or amateur preparation. Therefore, riz kardan is not just a mechanical task; it is a culinary standard. When a recipe says 'piaz ra riz konid,' it implies a level of precision that goes beyond a rough chop.

لطفاً گوشت را برای خورش ریز کنید.
Please dice the meat into small pieces for the stew.

In a metaphorical sense, though less common, one might 'riz kardan' a complex problem, meaning to break it down into smaller, manageable parts. However, for a B1 learner, focusing on the literal, physical sense of chopping is the most beneficial path. The word is versatile across all registers—from a grandmother’s kitchen to a high-end restaurant menu in Tehran. It is also used in the context of 'shredding' documents, where a paper shredder is called a dastgah-e riz-kon.

کاغذهای باطل شده را باید ریز کرد.
The voided papers must be shredded (chopped small).

Register Note
In formal writing, you might see 'khord kardan' used more generally, but in spoken Persian and instructional materials like cookbooks, 'riz kardan' is the undisputed king of chopping verbs.

Using ریز کردن correctly requires an understanding of how compound verbs function in Persian. The word riz (small) remains static, while the auxiliary verb kardan (to do) changes to reflect tense, person, and number. Because it is a transitive verb (it takes a direct object), you will almost always see the object marker ra (or its spoken form -o) following the noun that is being chopped.

Imperative (Commands)
In the kitchen, you will hear this most often. 'Piaz-o riz kon!' (Chop the onion!). The prefix 'be-' is often dropped in informal speech but remains in formal contexts: 'riz be-konid.'

سیر را خیلی ریز نکن، چون زود می‌سوزد.
Don't chop the garlic too finely, because it burns quickly.

When describing a process in the present continuous, we use the 'mi-' prefix. For example, 'Daram sabzi-ha ra riz mikonam' (I am chopping the vegetables). Note how the stress falls on the 'riz' part of the verb in spoken Persian. This verb is also frequently paired with adverbs of manner like 'khayli' (very), 'kam' (little), or 'yek-dast' (uniformly).

آشپز با مهارت خاصی سیب‌زمینی‌ها را ریز می‌کرد.
The chef was chopping the potatoes with a special skill.

In the past tense, the verb becomes 'riz kard.' For example, 'Man himeh-ha ra riz kardam' (I chopped the firewood into small pieces). While 'riz kardan' is usually for food, it can apply to anything that can be reduced in size through cutting. In passive constructions, you would use 'riz shodan' (to be chopped/made small).

The 'Ra' Marker
Since you are usually chopping a specific thing (the onion, the meat), the 'ra' marker is essential. 'Man piaz riz mikonam' sounds like a general statement about your hobby, whereas 'Man piaz-ra riz mikonam' is a specific action.

باید نان‌ها را برای ترید ریز کنیم.
We must tear/cut the bread into small pieces for the Tilit/Tarid (soaking bread in broth).

If you find yourself in an Iranian household around 11:00 AM, the sound you will most likely hear is the rhythmic 'thwack-thwack' of a knife against a wooden board. This is the sound of ریز کردن. It is the soundtrack of Persian domestic life. You will hear it in kitchens, at vegetable markets (miveh-va-tarehbar), and on every single episode of an Iranian cooking show.

Kitchen Dialogues
'Maman, sabzi-ha ro cheghadr riz konam?' (Mom, how finely should I chop the herbs?). This is a classic question from a child helping their parent in the kitchen.

برای سالاد شیرازی، خیار و گوجه باید خیلی ریز شوند.
For Salad Shirazi, the cucumber and tomato must be diced very finely.

Another common place is the butcher shop. While 'ghat'e ghat'e kardan' is used for large cuts of meat, if you want meat for a specific dish like 'Gheimeh,' you might ask the butcher to riz kardan the meat into small cubes. Similarly, at a juice bar, you might see them riz kardan fruits for a fruit cocktail.

او تمام نامه‌های قدیمی را ریز کرد و دور ریخت.
He shredded (chopped small) all the old letters and threw them away.

In a professional setting, a supervisor might tell an employee to 'riz kardan' a project's budget, meaning to provide a detailed, itemized breakdown. While this is slightly more metaphorical, the underlying concept of taking a whole and making it 'riz' (small/detailed) remains the same. However, 90% of the time, you are in a kitchen when you hear this word.

The 'Sabzi-Foroushi'
In Iran, you can buy herbs already chopped. You might ask: 'Sabzi-ye riz-shodeh darid?' (Do you have pre-chopped herbs?). This shows the word's transformation into a past participle used as an adjective.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is using the general verb for 'to cut' (boridan) when they actually mean 'to chop.' In Persian, بریدن (boridan) is usually reserved for a single cut, like cutting a piece of string, cutting your finger, or cutting a ribbon. If you say 'Man piaz ra boridam,' an Iranian might think you accidentally cut the onion in half or, worse, cut your finger while handling the onion.

The 'Khord' vs 'Riz' Confusion
Many learners use 'khord kardan' interchangeably with 'riz kardan.' While 'khord' also means small/shattered, it often implies a more violent or less precise action. You 'khord kardan' a glass bottle or a large block of ice. You 'riz kardan' a tomato. While they are often synonyms, the nuance of 'riz' is 'fine/tiny,' and 'khord' is 'broken/shattered.'

❌ اشتباه: من پیاز را بریدم.
✅ درست: من پیاز را ریز کردم.
Incorrect: I cut the onion. (Sounds like a single slice). Correct: I chopped the onion.

Another common error is the placement of the 'mi-' prefix in the present tense. Since it is a compound verb, the 'mi-' must always go before the auxiliary part (kardan). Saying 'miriz konam' is a very common beginner mistake; the correct form is 'riz mikonam.' This rule is consistent across all compound verbs in Persian, but learners often struggle with it when the non-verbal part is also an adjective.

❌ اشتباه: گوشت را می‌ریز کنم.
✅ درست: گوشت را ریز می‌کنم.
Incorrect conjugation. Correct: I am chopping the meat.

Finally, avoid using 'riz kardan' for things like trimming hair or cutting paper into specific shapes. For hair, use 'kotah kardan' (to shorten). For cutting shapes, use 'boridan' or 'gheichi kardan' (to scissor-cut). 'Riz kardan' is almost exclusively for reducing something into a pile of small bits.

The 'Sabzi' Trap
In Persian, 'sabzi' (herbs/vegetables) is plural in concept even if singular in form. When someone asks you to 'sabzi-ha ra riz konid,' they mean to chop the entire bundle into a fine mixture. Don't use the word 'ghat'e ghat'e' here unless you mean to cut them into large chunks.

While ریز کردن is the most common way to say 'to chop,' Persian has several other verbs that might be more appropriate depending on the context. Understanding these nuances will elevate your Persian from functional to fluent.

خرد کردن (Khord Kardan)
Meaning 'to break into pieces,' this is the closest synonym. It is often used for crushing ice, breaking a large piece of meat into smaller ones, or shattering glass. It is less about 'finesse' and more about 'reduction.'
ساطوری کردن (Saturi Kardan)
This specifically means to mince or chop with a heavy cleaver (satur). It is often used for herbs in professional kitchens or for making minced meat. It implies a rhythmic, heavy chopping action.
چرخ کردن (Charkh Kardan)
This means 'to grind' or 'to mince' using a machine. If you want ground beef (minced meat), you would say 'goosht-e charkh-shodeh.' You wouldn't say 'goosht-e riz-shodeh' unless it was hand-chopped into tiny cubes.

باید گوشت را چرخ کرد، نه فقط ریز کرد.
We must grind the meat, not just chop it into small pieces.

Another alternative is ghat'e ghat'e kardan (to cut into pieces). This is used for larger chunks, like cutting a chicken into its parts or cutting a cake into slices. If you want a rough chop for a salad, you might say ghat'e ghat'e kardan, but if you want it fine, you must say riz kardan.

پیازها را ساطوری کن تا طعم بهتری به غذا بدهند.
Mince the onions with a cleaver so they give a better flavor to the food.

In summary, while riz kardan is your best all-around verb for chopping, being aware of khord kardan (breaking down), saturi kardan (heavy mincing), and charkh kardan (grinding) will help you understand more specific kitchen instructions and regional variations across the Persian-speaking world.

Summary Table
ریز کردن (Riz Kardan) = To chop/dice finely. خرد کردن (Khord Kardan) = To break/smash into pieces. ساطوری کردن (Saturi Kardan) = To mince with a cleaver. چرخ کردن (Charkh Kardan) = To grind with a machine.
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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

من پیاز را ریز می‌کنم.

I chop the onion.

Present tense: riz + mi + kon + am.

2

او سیب را ریز کرد.

He chopped the apple.

Past tense: riz + kard.

3

پیاز را ریز کن!

Chop the onion!

Imperative: riz + kon.

4

مادر سبزی را ریز می‌کند.

Mother is chopping the herbs.

Present tense: riz + mi + kon + ad.

5

ما گوشت را ریز کردیم.

We chopped the meat.

Past tense plural: riz + kard + im.

6

آیا پیاز را ریز کردی؟

Did you chop the onion?

Question in past tense.

7

لطفاً این را ریز کن.

Please chop this.

Polite imperative with 'lotfan'.

8

آنها کاغذ را ریز کردند.

They shredded the paper.

Past tense plural: riz + kard + and.

1

باید سیب‌زمینی‌ها را خیلی ریز کنی.

You must chop the potatoes very finely.

Modal 'bayad' + subjunctive 'riz koni'.

2

دیروز همه میوه‌ها را برای سالاد ریز کردم.

Yesterday, I chopped all the fruits for the salad.

Past tense with time adverb 'dirooz'.

3

چرا نان را ریز نمی‌کنی؟

Why don't you chop/tear the bread?

Negative present tense: riz + ne + mi + kon + i.

4

آشپز دارد گوشت را ریز می‌کند.

The chef is chopping the meat.

Present continuous: darad + riz mikonad.

5

بچه‌ها کاغذها را ریز‌ریز کردند.

The children shredded the papers into tiny bits.

Reduplication 'riz-riz' for emphasis.

6

می‌خواهم این پارچه را ریز کنم.

I want to shred this cloth.

Modal 'mikhaaham' + subjunctive.

7

او همیشه سبزی را خیلی تمیز ریز می‌کند.

She always chops the herbs very neatly.

Adverb 'tamiz' used to describe the action.

8

پدر داشت هیزم‌ها را ریز می‌کرد.

Father was chopping the firewood (into small bits).

Past continuous: dasht + riz mikard.

1

اگر سبزی را ریزتر کنی، خورش خوشمزه‌تر می‌شود.

If you chop the herbs finer, the stew will be tastier.

Conditional sentence with comparative 'riz-tar'.

2

من ترجیح می‌دهم پیاز را با دست ریز کنم تا با ماشین.

I prefer to chop the onion by hand rather than with a machine.

Comparative structure with 'tarjih midaham'.

3

او در حال ریز کردن مواد لازم برای دلمه بود.

He was in the process of chopping the necessary ingredients for Dolma.

Gerund-like use: 'dar hale riz kardan'.

4

کاغذهای محرمانه باید توسط دستگاه ریز شوند.

Confidential papers must be shredded by the machine.

Passive voice: riz + shodan.

5

قبل از سرخ کردن، باید سیر را کاملاً ریز کنید.

Before frying, you must chop the garlic completely fine.

Prepositional phrase 'ghabl az' + gerund.

6

او با دقت تمام قارچ‌ها را ریز کرد.

He chopped all the mushrooms with complete precision.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deghghat-e tamam'.

7

آیا می‌توانی این تکه گوشت را برایم ریز کنی؟

Can you chop this piece of meat for me?

Ability modal 'mitavani' + subjunctive.

8

وقتی داشتم پیاز را ریز می‌کردم، چشم‌هایم سوخت.

When I was chopping the onion, my eyes burned.

Temporal clause 'vaghti' + past continuous.

1

او تمام وقت خود را صرف ریز کردن جزئیات پروژه کرد.

He spent all his time breaking down (chopping) the project details.

Metaphorical use of 'riz kardan'.

2

در دستور پخت آمده است که گردوها نباید بیش از حد ریز شوند.

In the recipe, it says the walnuts should not be chopped excessively.

Passive subjunctive in a reportative context.

3

با ریز کردن هزینه‌ها، متوجه شدیم که کجا پول هدر می‌رود.

By breaking down the costs, we realized where money was being wasted.

Gerund as a means: 'ba riz kardan-e...'

4

او به جای خرد کردن، ترجیح داد سبزی را ساطوری ریز کند.

Instead of just breaking it down, he preferred to mince the herbs with a cleaver.

Contrast between 'khord kardan' and 'saturi riz kardan'.

5

اگر پیازها یک‌دست ریز نشوند، خوب سرخ نمی‌شوند.

If the onions aren't chopped uniformly, they won't fry well.

Conditional with negative passive subjunctive.

6

او عادت داشت که نان‌های خشک را برای پرندگان ریز کند.

He was in the habit of crumbling (chopping small) dry bread for the birds.

Habitual past tense: 'adat dasht ke...'

7

آیا دستگاهی برای ریز کردن پلاستیک در این کارخانه وجود دارد؟

Is there a machine for shredding plastic in this factory?

Noun phrase 'dastgahi baraye riz kardan'.

8

او با چنان سرعتی پیاز را ریز می‌کرد که همه تعجب کردند.

He was chopping the onion with such speed that everyone was surprised.

Result clause 'ba chenan... ke...'.

1

نویسنده در این فصل، مفاهیم فلسفی را به اجزای بسیار ریز تقسیم و ریز کرده است.

In this chapter, the author has divided and broken down philosophical concepts into very small components.

Highly metaphorical use in academic writing.

2

ظرافت در ریز کردن سبزی، نشان‌دهنده تبحر آشپز در آشپزی سنتی است.

Delicacy in chopping herbs indicates the chef's mastery in traditional cooking.

Abstract noun 'zarafat' as subject.

3

او اسناد را چنان ریز کرد که بازسازی آن‌ها غیرممکن بود.

He shredded the documents so finely that reconstructing them was impossible.

Adverbial intensity 'chenan... ke'.

4

در تحلیل نهایی، باید داده‌ها را برای درک بهتر ریز کرد.

In the final analysis, one must break down the data for better understanding.

Impersonal 'bayad' + active voice for general rule.

5

او با وسواس عجیبی تمام سبزیجات را به صورت کاملاً متقارن ریز می‌کرد.

With a strange obsession, he chopped all the vegetables in a completely symmetrical way.

Adverbial phrase 'ba vasvas-e ajibi'.

6

ریز کردن بیش از حد برخی مواد، باعث از بین رفتن بافت اصلی غذا می‌شود.

Excessive chopping of some ingredients causes the loss of the food's original texture.

Gerund as subject of the sentence.

7

در گویش‌های محلی، گاهی واژگان متفاوتی برای ریز کردن به کار می‌رود.

In local dialects, sometimes different words are used for 'chopping finely'.

Passive voice 'be kar miravad'.

8

او تمام خاطراتش را در ذهن خود ریز و کالبدشکافی کرد.

He broke down and dissected all his memories in his mind.

Double verb 'riz [kard] o kalbod-shekafi kard'.

1

هنرِ ریز کردن در آشپزی ایرانی، فراتر از یک تکنیک، یک آیین است.

The art of chopping finely in Iranian cuisine is more than a technique; it is a ritual.

Philosophical subject-predicate structure.

2

او با چنان مهارتی ساطور را بر تخته می‌کوفت که گویی در حال نواختن موسیقی است.

He struck the cleaver on the board with such skill as if he were playing music.

Simile using 'gooyi' (as if).

3

تقلیل‌گرایی در علم، گاه به مثابه ریز کردنِ کل به اجزای بی‌روح است.

Reductionism in science is sometimes like breaking down the whole into soulless parts.

Formal academic comparison 'be masabeh-ye'.

4

در متون کهن، واژه 'خُرد' قرابت معنایی نزدیکی با 'ریز' در این ترکیب داشت.

In ancient texts, the word 'khord' had a close semantic proximity to 'riz' in this compound.

Linguistic analysis register.

5

او با بی‌رحمی تمام، آرزوهای مرا ریز‌ریز کرد و زیر پا گذاشت.

With complete ruthlessness, he shredded my dreams and trampled them.

Metaphorical/Poetic use of reduplication.

6

دقت در ریز کردنِ موادِ اولیه، بن‌مایهٔ بسیاری از دستورهای پختِ اصیل است.

Precision in chopping raw materials is the foundation of many authentic recipes.

Complex genitive construction (Ezafe).

7

آیا می‌توان ساختارِ زبان را به واحدهای ریزتری برای تحلیلِ آماری ریز کرد؟

Can one break down the structure of language into smaller units for statistical analysis?

Rhetorical question in scientific register.

8

او در نقدِ خود، تمامِ استدلال‌های نویسنده را ریز و بی‌اعتبار کرد.

In his critique, he tore apart (chopped small) and invalidated all the author's arguments.

Metaphorical use in literary criticism.

Häufige Kollokationen

پیاز را ریز کردن
سبزی را ریز کردن
خیلی ریز کردن
با چاقو ریز کردن
کاغذ را ریز کردن
یک‌دست ریز کردن
گوشت را ریز کردن
میوه را ریز کردن
ریز کردن جزئیات
ریز کردن نان

Häufige Phrasen

ریز و درشت

— Small and large (everything/everyone).

همه را ریز و درشت دعوت کرد.

ریز‌ریز کردن

— To chop into extremely tiny bits; to shred.

کاغذ را ریز‌ریز کرد.

ریز کردنِ دندان

— To grind teeth (less common, usually 'dandan ghoncheh kardan').

از عصبانیت دندان ریز می‌کرد.

ریز کردنِ پول

— To break a large bill into smaller change.

می‌توانی این صد تومانی را برایم ریز کنی؟

ریز‌بین بودن

— To be detail-oriented (related to 'riz').

او آدم خیلی ریز‌بینی است.

ریز‌گرد

— Fine dust/particulates (related to 'riz').

هوا پر از ریز‌گرد است.

ریز‌نقش

— Having a small or delicate build.

او خانم ریز‌نقشی است.

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