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कंधा

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कंधा

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At the A1 level, 'कंधा' (Kandhā) is introduced as a basic vocabulary word for a part of the human body. Learners should focus on identifying the shoulder and using it in simple sentences. At this stage, you learn that 'कंधा' is masculine and its plural is 'कंधे'. You might use it to describe yourself or others, such as 'This is my shoulder' (यह मेरा कंधा है) or 'He has a bag on his shoulder' (उसके कंधे पर बैग है). The focus is on physical presence and simple possession. You will also learn the basic postposition 'पर' (on) which triggers the change from 'कंधा' to 'कंधे'. It is essential to practice the pronunciation, ensuring the 'dh' sound is distinct from a simple 'd'. Exercises at this level involve matching pictures of body parts to their Hindi names and filling in blanks in very short, descriptive sentences. You don't need to worry about metaphors or complex idioms yet; just focus on the physical joint and how to point it out.

At the A2 level, learners begin to use 'कंधा' in the context of daily activities and physical sensations. You will learn to describe simple actions like 'shrugging' (कंधा उचकाना) or 'carrying' (कंधे पर ले जाना). You might talk about physical health, such as 'My shoulder hurts' (मेरे कंधे में दर्द है). At this stage, you should be comfortable with the oblique case—knowing that 'कंधा' becomes 'कंधे' whenever a word like 'से', 'में', or 'पर' follows it. You will also encounter the word in descriptions of people, such as 'He is tall and has broad shoulders' (वह लंबा है और उसके कंधे चौड़े हैं). The vocabulary expands to include adjectives like 'चौड़ा' (broad) or 'मज़बूत' (strong). You might also see it in simple stories where characters interact physically, like putting a hand on someone's shoulder for attention. Exercises will include short paragraph writing about your body or a trip where you carried a heavy backpack.

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At the B1 level, the word 'कंधा' starts to take on more figurative meanings. You will learn common idioms like 'कंधे से कंधा मिलाना' (to work together/shoulder to shoulder). This level focuses on social interactions and expressing support. You might use 'कंधा' to describe providing emotional comfort, such as 'He needed a shoulder to cry on' (उसे रोने के लिए एक कंधे की ज़रूरत थी). Grammatically, you will handle more complex sentence structures involving the shoulder, such as 'While walking, he accidentally bumped his shoulder against the door' (चलते समय, उसका कंधा गलती से दरवाज़े से टकरा गया). You will also start to see the word in news reports or simple articles about teamwork or social responsibilities. The focus shifts from just 'having' a shoulder to 'using' it as a tool for labor or a symbol of cooperation. You should be able to explain why the shoulder is important in certain social contexts, like carrying a heavy load together.

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At the B2 level, you explore the deeper cultural and idiomatic nuances of 'कंधा'. You will encounter phrases like 'किसी के कंधे पर बंदूक रखकर चलाना' (to use someone as a front for one's own actions). This level requires understanding the subtle implications of the word in literature and media. You will study how 'कंधा' represents the 'burden of responsibility' in a more abstract sense, such as the responsibilities of a citizen or a parent. You might analyze a poem or a song where the shoulder is a metaphor for strength or a place of rest. Your ability to use the word in different registers—from medical discussions about 'frozen shoulder' to political speeches about 'national duty'—should be well-developed. You will also learn about the specific cultural practice of 'कंधा देना' in funerals and its emotional weight in Indian society. Exercises at this level involve debating responsibilities and interpreting idiomatic expressions in context.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'कंधा' should be sophisticated and contextually precise. You will understand its use in classical Hindi literature and high-level journalism. You can distinguish between 'कंधा' and its more formal synonyms like 'अंस' and know when to use which. You will be able to discuss the etymology of the word and its cognates in other Indo-Aryan languages. At this stage, you can use the word to construct complex metaphors about societal structures, power dynamics, and historical legacies. For example, you might write an essay on how the 'shoulders of giants' concept is expressed in Hindi thought. You will also be sensitive to the rhythmic and phonetic qualities of the word in poetry (Chhand). Your understanding of the word includes its role in various dialects and how its meaning might slightly shift in regional contexts. Exercises include translating complex literary passages and participating in high-level discussions on social burdens.

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At the C2 level, you possess a near-native mastery of 'कंधा' and all its linguistic possibilities. You can appreciate the word's nuances in ancient texts, medieval Bhakti poetry, and modern post-modernist literature. You understand the philosophical implications of the 'shoulder' as the bridge between the head (intellect) and the hands (action). You can use the word in puns, high-level sarcasm, and intricate wordplay. Your command over the word allows you to use it in specialized fields like orthopedic medicine, ergonomics, or sports science with technical accuracy in Hindi. You are also aware of how the concept of the 'shoulder' has evolved in Indian art and iconography—for instance, the way shoulders are depicted in temple sculptures to signify divinity or power. At this level, 'कंधा' is not just a word but a multifaceted symbol that you can manipulate with ease to express the most subtle shades of meaning in any given situation.

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Kandhā means shoulder, the joint connecting the arm to the body.
It is a masculine noun that changes to 'kandhe' in plural or oblique cases.
Metaphorically, it represents strength, responsibility, and emotional support.
Commonly used in idioms like 'shoulder to shoulder' for unity.

The Hindi word कंधा (Kandhā) refers to the shoulder, the complex joint where the arm attaches to the trunk of the body. In a purely anatomical sense, it encompasses the clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone). However, in Hindi culture and linguistics, the 'kandhā' is much more than just a body part; it is a symbol of strength, support, and the capacity to carry the weight of the world, whether literally or metaphorically.

Anatomical Context: In medical or daily physical descriptions, it refers to the area between the neck and the upper arm. For example, 'मेरे कंधे में खिंचाव है' (There is a strain in my shoulder).
Metaphorical Weight: It represents the ability to handle responsibilities. When we say someone has 'heavy shoulders,' we imply they are burdened with many duties.
Social Solidarity: The shoulder is a site of emotional connection, such as 'leaning on a shoulder' for comfort or 'standing shoulder to shoulder' in unity.

बच्चा अपने पिता के कंधे पर बैठा है। (The child is sitting on his father's shoulder.)

Understanding 'कंधा' requires looking at its role in Indian social structures. For instance, in traditional Indian funerals, 'कंधा देना' (giving a shoulder) is a sacred duty performed by male relatives to carry the deceased to the cremation ground. This act is considered a final mark of respect and a heavy emotional responsibility. Furthermore, the physical breadth of shoulders is often associated with masculinity and prowess in traditional wrestling (Dangal) and Bollywood cinema, where a hero's 'चौड़ा कंधा' (broad shoulder) signifies protection.

मुसीबत में दोस्त का कंधा ही सहारा बनता है। (In trouble, only a friend's shoulder becomes support.)

In literature, the shoulder is often used to describe the transition of power or the inheritance of legacy. When a son grows tall enough to reach his father's shoulder, it is a common Indian idiom suggesting they are now equals or that the son is ready to take over the family's burdens. This cultural nuance makes 'कंधा' a deeply evocative word beyond its simple biological definition.

ज़िम्मेदारी का बोझ हमेशा कंधों पर ही आता है। (The burden of responsibility always falls on the shoulders.)

Visual Representation: Imagine a heavy bag strap digging into the skin; that point of contact is the 'कंधा'.

उसने अपना बैग कंधे से लटकाया। (He hung his bag from his shoulder.)

उसके कंधे मज़बूत हैं। (His shoulders are strong.)

Using कंधा correctly involves understanding its grammatical behavior as a masculine noun ending in '-ā'. Like most such nouns, it undergoes a change in the oblique case and plural form. When you are talking about one shoulder, it is 'कंधा'. When you talk about both, it becomes 'कंधे'. If you use a preposition (postposition in Hindi) like 'on' (पर) or 'from' (से), the singular 'कंधा' also changes to 'कंधे'.

Direct Case Singular: 'मेरा कंधा' (My shoulder). Used as a subject without postpositions.
Oblique Case Singular: 'कंधे पर' (On the shoulder). Notice the 'ā' changes to 'e' because of 'पर'.
Plural Case: 'दोनों कंधे' (Both shoulders). 'कंधों' is used in plural oblique, e.g., 'कंधों पर' (On the shoulders).

उसने मेरे कंधे थपथपाए। (He patted my shoulders.)

In terms of verbs, 'कंधा' often pairs with 'उचकाना' (to shrug), 'झुकना' (to droop/slump), or 'सहलाना' (to stroke). To express a shrug of indifference, you would say 'उसने कंधे उचका दिए' (He shrugged his shoulders). To describe someone who is tired or defeated, you might say 'उसके कंधे झुक गए हैं' (His shoulders have slumped).

क्या तुम कंधा उचकाकर बात करोगे? (Will you talk by shrugging your shoulder?)

In formal writing, 'कंधा' is used to discuss logistics or military formations. In poetry, it is a symbol of companionship. A very common phrase is 'कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर चलना' (to walk shoulder to shoulder), which means to work in perfect cooperation towards a common goal. This is frequently used in political speeches and motivational contexts.

हमें कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर काम करना होगा। (We will have to work shoulder to shoulder.)

Collocation: Broad Shoulders: 'चौड़े कंधे' (Chauṛe kandhe) - Often used to describe a physically fit or heroic person.

सैनिक के कंधे पर बंदूक थी। (There was a gun on the soldier's shoulder.)

You will encounter the word कंधा in a variety of settings, from the mundane to the deeply spiritual. In a doctor's clinic, you might hear 'कंधा जाम होना' (Frozen shoulder). In a crowded market, someone might say 'कंधा लग गया' (Our shoulders bumped/collided), which is a common way to apologize for accidental physical contact in tight spaces.

In Sports: Commentators often talk about a cricket bowler's 'shoulder strength' (कंधे का ज़ोर) when delivering a fast ball.
In Daily Chores: Parents telling children to sit up straight: 'कंधे सीधे रखो' (Keep your shoulders straight).
In Emotional Support: 'रोने के लिए कंधा' (A shoulder to cry on) is a universal concept used frequently in Hindi films and songs.

भीड़ में मेरा कंधा किसी से टकरा गया। (My shoulder bumped into someone in the crowd.)

In Hindi cinema (Bollywood), the shoulder is a recurring motif for romance and tragedy. A heroine resting her head on the hero's shoulder is a classic trope of comfort and love. Conversely, in patriotic films, the phrase 'देश का बोझ हमारे कंधों पर है' (The burden of the country is on our shoulders) is a staple for motivating the audience and the characters.

फिल्म में नायक ने नायिका को अपने कंधे का सहारा दिया। (In the film, the hero gave the support of his shoulder to the heroine.)

In rural India, you might hear farmers talking about the 'कंधा' of their bullocks. The wooden yoke (jua) rests on the bullock's shoulders, and the health of these shoulders is vital for plowing the fields. Thus, the word is intrinsically linked to labor and the agrarian lifestyle.

बैल के कंधे पर जुआ रखा गया। (The yoke was placed on the bull's shoulder.)

News & Politics: Often used when discussing the 'burden' of taxes or economic reforms on the common man's shoulders.

महंगाई का बोझ आम आदमी के कंधों पर है। (The burden of inflation is on the common man's shoulders.)

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with कंधा is related to its gender. It is a masculine noun, but beginners often treat it as feminine because it ends in 'ā' (which they sometimes confuse with feminine endings in other languages) or simply by mistake. Always say 'मेरा कंधा' (masculine) and never 'मेरी कंधा' (feminine).

Gender Error: Incorrect: 'उसकी कंधा दुख रही है'. Correct: 'उसका कंधा दुख रहा है'.
Pluralization Confusion: Learners often forget to change 'कंधा' to 'कंधे' when using postpositions. Incorrect: 'कंधा पर'. Correct: 'कंधे पर'.
Semantic Confusion: Confusing 'कंधा' with 'पीठ' (back) or 'बाज़ू' (arm). While related, they are distinct anatomical parts.

गलत: मेरे कंधा में दर्द है। (Incorrect: Pain in my shoulder - missing oblique case.)

Another mistake is the literal translation of English idioms. While 'a shoulder to cry on' translates well as 'रोने के लिए कंधा', other English idioms like 'cold shoulder' do not have a literal equivalent using the word 'कंधा'. If you say 'उसने मुझे ठंडा कंधा दिया', a Hindi speaker will be very confused. Instead, use 'अनदेखा करना' (to ignore).

सही: उसने मुझे कंधा दिया। (Correct: He gave me a shoulder - meaning he helped carry a coffin or provided support.)

Pronunciation is also key. The 'n' in 'kandhā' is a dental nasal, and the 'dh' is an aspirated voiced dental stop. Beginners often pronounce it as a simple 'd', making it sound like 'kanda' (which means onion in Marathi/some dialects). Ensure the breathy 'h' sound is present in 'dh'.

सही उच्चारण: कंधा (Kan-dhā), न कि कंदा (Kan-dā).

Spelling Error: Sometimes written as 'कन्धा'. Both are correct, but 'कंधा' with the anusvara is more common in modern Hindi.

While कंधा is the standard word for shoulder, there are other terms and related body parts that learners should distinguish to improve their vocabulary precision. These include anatomical neighbors and more formal or poetic synonyms.

बाज़ू (Bāzū): Means 'arm' or 'upper arm'. While the shoulder is the joint, the 'bāzū' is the limb itself. In poetic Hindi/Urdu, 'बाज़ू' is often used to mean strength or a helper (e.g., 'मेरा दायां बाज़ू' - my right hand/arm).
अंस (Ans): A highly formal, Sanskrit-derived word for shoulder. You will rarely hear this in conversation, but you might find it in classical literature or medical texts.
पीठ (Pīṭh): Means 'back'. The upper part of the back is close to the shoulders, but 'पीठ' refers to the entire posterior surface of the torso.
गर्दन (Gardan): Means 'neck'. The area where the neck meets the shoulder is a common site of tension, often described as 'गर्दन और कंधे का दर्द'.

उसने अपने बाज़ू फैलाए। (He spread his arms.) vs उसने कंधे उचकाए। (He shrugged his shoulders.)

Comparing 'कंधा' with 'हाथ' (hand/arm) is also useful. In Hindi, 'हाथ' is often used loosely to refer to the entire arm, but 'कंधा' is always specific to the joint. If someone says 'मेरे हाथ में दर्द है', they could mean anywhere from the shoulder to the fingertips. 'कंधा' removes that ambiguity.

सफेद कमीज़ के कंधे पर दाग है। (There is a stain on the shoulder of the white shirt.)

In the context of clothing, 'कंधा' refers to the shoulder seam. Tailors will measure your 'कंधा' to ensure a shirt fits well. A related term is 'तीरा' (Tīrā), which specifically refers to the yoke of a shirt across the shoulders.

दर्जी ने कंधे की नाप ली। (The tailor took the measurement of the shoulder.)

हंसली (Hanslī): The collarbone. It is the bone that connects the breastplate to the shoulder.

How Formal Is It?

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Wichtige Grammatik

Masculine nouns ending in -ā change to -e in the oblique singular.

Plural masculine nouns ending in -e change to -oñ in the oblique plural.

Postpositions like 'पर', 'से', 'में' always trigger the oblique case.

Adjectives must agree with the gender and number of 'कंधा'.

Possessive pronouns (मेरा, उसका) must agree with 'कंधा'.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

यह मेरा दायां कंधा है।

This is my right shoulder.

Direct case, singular masculine.

उसके कंधे पर एक बैग है।

There is a bag on his shoulder.

Oblique case 'कंधे' due to postposition 'पर'.

बच्चा मां के कंधे पर सो रहा है।

The child is sleeping on the mother's shoulder.

Possessive 'के' makes 'कंधा' oblique 'कंधे'.

मेरे दोनों कंधे थक गए हैं।

Both my shoulders are tired.

Plural 'कंधे'.

क्या आपके कंधे में दर्द है?

Is there pain in your shoulder?

Interrogative sentence with 'में'.

उसने अपना हाथ मेरे कंधे पर रखा।

He put his hand on my shoulder.

Action verb 'रखा' with location 'कंधे पर'.

कमीज़ का कंधा फट गया है।

The shoulder of the shirt is torn.

Genitive 'का' showing possession by an object.

पक्षी पेड़ से उड़कर मेरे कंधे पर बैठ गया।

The bird flew from the tree and sat on my shoulder.

Complex sentence with 'कर' participle.

उसने बात अनसुनी करने के लिए कंधे उचका दिए।

He shrugged his shoulders to ignore the talk.

Idiomatic use of 'उचकाना'.

भारी सामान उठाने से कंधे झुक जाते हैं।

Shoulders slump from lifting heavy items.

General truth using present indefinite.

सैनिक अपने कंधे पर बंदूक रखता है।

The soldier keeps a gun on his shoulder.

Habitual action.

दर्जी ने मेरे कंधे की चौड़ाई नापी।

The tailor measured the width of my shoulder.

Noun 'चौड़ाई' (width) related to 'कंधा'.

कंधे सीधे रखकर बैठो।

Sit with your shoulders straight.

Imperative sentence.

उसे अपने पिता के कंधे का सहारा मिला।

He got the support of his father's shoulder.

Metaphorical support.

ठंड के कारण उसके कंधे सिकुड़ रहे थे।

His shoulders were shivering/hunching due to the cold.

Continuous tense.

बैग की पट्टी कंधे में चुभ रही है।

The bag strap is digging into the shoulder.

Sensory description.

हमें इस मुश्किल वक्त में कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर चलना होगा।

We must walk shoulder to shoulder in this difficult time.

Idiom for unity.

जब वह दुखी थी, तो उसे रोने के लिए एक कंधे की तलाश थी।

When she was sad, she was looking for a shoulder to cry on.

Emotional metaphor.

पूरे परिवार की ज़िम्मेदारी अब उसके युवा कंधों पर है।

The responsibility of the whole family is now on his young shoulders.

Abstract burden.

उसने गर्व से अपने कंधे चौड़े कर लिए।

He squared/broadened his shoulders with pride.

Physical expression of emotion.

भीड़भाड़ वाली बस में कंधे छिल गए।

Shoulders got grazed in the crowded bus.

Passive-like construction with 'गए'.

खिलाड़ी को कंधे की चोट के कारण मैच छोड़ना पड़ा।

The player had to leave the match due to a shoulder injury.

Compulsion 'पड़ा'.

उसने अपने दोस्त के कंधे पर थपकी दी।

He gave a pat on his friend's shoulder.

Action noun 'थपकी'.

पहलवान के कंधे बहुत मज़बूत और चौड़े थे।

The wrestler's shoulders were very strong and broad.

Descriptive adjectives.

राजनीति में अक्सर दूसरों के कंधे पर बंदूक रखकर चलाई जाती है।

In politics, guns are often fired from others' shoulders.

Complex idiom for manipulation.

जैसे ही उसने सच सुना, उसके कंधे ढीले पड़ गए।

As soon as he heard the truth, his shoulders slumped (became loose).

Idiom for losing hope.

बेटे के बड़े होने पर पिता का कंधा हल्का हो गया।

The father's shoulder became light (relieved) when the son grew up.

Metaphor for relief from responsibility.

वह अपनी सफलताओं का सारा बोझ अपने ही कंधों पर ढोता है।

He carries the entire burden of his successes on his own shoulders.

Reflexive 'अपने ही'.

अंतिम संस्कार के समय रिश्तेदारों ने अर्थी को कंधा दिया।

At the time of the funeral, relatives gave a shoulder to the bier.

Specific cultural ritual.

उसकी बातों ने मेरे कंधों से एक बड़ा बोझ हटा दिया।

His words removed a great burden from my shoulders.

Ablative 'से' with 'हटा दिया'.

वह समाज के नियमों को अपने कंधों पर उठाए फिरता है।

He goes around carrying the rules of society on his shoulders.

Compound verb 'उठाए फिरता'.

योग करने से कंधों की जकड़न दूर हो जाती है।

Doing yoga removes the stiffness of the shoulders.

Health-related context.

इतिहास का भार अक्सर आने वाली पीढ़ियों के कंधों पर डाल दिया जाता है।

The weight of history is often cast upon the shoulders of future generations.

Passive voice in a philosophical context.

कवि ने नायक के कंधों को हिमालय की चोटियों के समान विशाल बताया है।

The poet described the hero's shoulders as vast as the peaks of the Himalayas.

Literary simile.

उसकी चुप्पी उसके कंधों पर लदे अनकहे दुखों की गवाह थी।

Her silence was a witness to the unspoken sorrows laden on her shoulders.

Personification and metaphor.

सत्ता के गलियारों में कंधे रगड़ने से ही काम बनता है।

In the corridors of power, work only gets done by rubbing shoulders.

Idiom for networking.

उसने अपनी पराजय को कंधों पर गर्व के साथ ढोया।

He carried his defeat on his shoulders with pride.

Abstract use of physical action.

नृत्य की उस मुद्रा में कंधों का सूक्ष्म संचालन प्रशंसनीय था।

In that dance pose, the subtle movement of the shoulders was praiseworthy.

Technical artistic description.

मज़दूर के फटे हुए कुर्ते से झांकता हुआ कंधा उसकी मेहनत की कहानी कहता है।

The shoulder peeking through the laborer's torn shirt tells the story of his hard work.

Evocative imagery.

दार्शनिकों के अनुसार, ज्ञान का बोझ केवल मज़बूत कंधों के लिए होता है।

According to philosophers, the burden of knowledge is only for strong shoulders.

Intellectual metaphor.

मानवीय अस्तित्व की विडंबना यह है कि हम अपने ही कंधों पर अपना अर्थ खोजते हैं।

The irony of human existence is that we seek our meaning on our own shoulders.

Existential philosophy.

उसकी लेखनी में वह सामर्थ्य है जो युगों के संताप को अपने कंधों पर ले सके।

Her writing has the power to take the agony of ages upon its shoulders.

High literary praise.

महाकाव्य के उस प्रसंग में, नायक का कंधा टूटना साम्राज्य के पतन का प्रतीक था।

In that episode of the epic, the breaking of the hero's shoulder symbolized the fall of the empire.

Symbolic analysis.

क्या हम वास्तव में उन पूर्वजों के कंधों पर खड़े हैं जिन्होंने हमें यह स्वतंत्रता दी?

Are we truly standing on the shoulders of the ancestors who gave us this freedom?

Rhetorical question on legacy.

उसकी देह-भाषा में कंधों का झुकाव एक गहरे मनोवैज्ञानिक संकट की ओर संकेत करता है।

The slump of the shoulders in his body language indicates a deep psychological crisis.

Technical psychological terminology.

कलाकार ने प्रकाश और छाया के खेल से कंधे की मांसलता को जीवंत कर दिया।

The artist brought the musculature of the shoulder to life through the play of light and shadow.

Art criticism.

वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था का ढांचा विकासशील देशों के कंधों पर टिका हुआ है।

The structure of the global economy rests on the shoulders of developing nations.

Geopolitical metaphor.

शून्य में ताकते हुए, उसने महसूस किया कि उसके कंधे अब किसी भी भार से मुक्त हैं।

Staring into the void, he felt that his shoulders were now free from any burden.

Transcendental description.

Synonyme

अंस भुजमूल काँध स्कंध

Gegenteile

पैर तलवा

Häufige Kollokationen

चौड़ा कंधा (Broad shoulder)

मज़बूत कंधा (Strong shoulder)

कंधे का दर्द (Shoulder pain)

कंधे की हड्डी (Shoulder bone)

कंधे की पट्टी (Shoulder strap)

कंधे उचकाना (To shrug shoulders)

कंधा देना (To support/carry)

कंधे से कंधा (Shoulder to shoulder)

कंधे झुकाना (To slump shoulders)

बायां कंधा (Left shoulder)

Häufige Phrasen

कंधे पर हाथ रखना (To put a hand on the shoulder)

कंधे पर बोझ (Burden on the shoulder)

कंधे तक बाल (Shoulder-length hair)

कंधे की मालिश (Shoulder massage)

कंधे से लटकाना (To hang from the shoulder)

कंधे पर बिठाना (To make someone sit on the shoulder)

कंधे मिलाना (To match shoulders/unity)

कंधे की चोट (Shoulder injury)

कंधे का व्यायाम (Shoulder exercise)

कंधे की चौड़ाई (Shoulder width)

Wird oft verwechselt mit

कंधा vs पीठ (Pīṭh)

कंधा vs बाज़ू (Bāzū)

कंधा vs गला (Galā)

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"कंधे से कंधा मिलाना (To work in close cooperation)"

"कंधा देना (To help carry a corpse; to support)"

"कंधे उचकाना (To show indifference or ignorance)"

"किसी के कंधे पर बंदूक रखकर चलाना (To use someone as a tool for one's own ends)"

"कंधे झुक जाना (To be burdened or defeated)"

"कंधे पर आसमान उठाना (To take on a huge task - rare variant)"

"कंधे चौड़े होना (To be proud or strong)"

"कंधा डाल देना (To give up/surrender)"

"कंधे पर चढ़ना (To take undue advantage of someone's kindness)"

"रोने के लिए कंधा (A person to share sorrows with)"

Leicht verwechselbar

कंधा vs कंदा (Kandā)

कंधा vs कांधा (Kāndhā)

कंधा vs गंदा (Gandā)

कंधा vs अंधा (Andhā)

कंधा vs फंदा (Phandā)

Satzmuster

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So verwendest du es

politeness

The phrase 'कंधा देना' is very respectful in the context of funerals.

singular vs plural

Use singular for a specific shoulder, plural for both or general concepts.

physical vs metaphorical

The word is used equally for both physical anatomy and metaphorical responsibility.

Häufige Fehler

Kandhā is masculine, so use 'merā', not 'merī'.
The noun must be in the oblique form before a postposition.
Shrugging usually involves both shoulders, so use the plural.
Oblique form required before 'में'.
Missing the aspiration 'h' changes the meaning or makes it sound like a dialectal word for onion.

Tipps

Oblique Mastery

Always remember to use 'कंधे' when you add a word like 'on' (पर) or 'from' (से). Saying 'कंधा पर' is a very common beginner mistake that sounds unnatural to native speakers.

The Aspiration Puff

Put your hand in front of your mouth when saying 'dhā'. You should feel a distinct puff of air. If you don't, you are likely saying 'dā', which is a different sound.

Idiom Usage

Use 'कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर' in formal essays or speeches about teamwork. It's a powerful phrase that instantly elevates your level of Hindi.

Funeral Etiquette

Be careful with the phrase 'कंधा देना'. While it means support, its primary association is with funerals. Use 'सहारा देना' (to give support) for general help to avoid confusion.

Spelling Check

The dot (anusvara) on 'क' represents the 'n' sound. Make sure it's placed correctly. Some older texts use 'कन्धा', which is also correct but less common today.

Song Lyrics

Listen to the song 'Kandhon Se Milte Hain Kandhe' from the movie Lakshya. It's a great example of the word used to signify unity and bravery.

Body Language

When you say 'कंधे उचकाना', actually shrug your shoulders. This physical association helps the brain lock in the vocabulary more effectively.

Medical Context

If you go to a doctor in India, say 'कंधे में खिंचाव' (kandhe mein khinchāv) for a shoulder strain. It's a very useful phrase for travelers.

Tailoring

If you are getting clothes stitched, 'कंधा गिरना' (kandhā girnā) means the shoulder of the garment is drooping or too wide. Use this with your tailor.

Rhyme Time

Rhyme 'Kandhā' with 'Andhā' (blind). Imagine a blind man carrying a heavy load on his 'Kandhā'. This vivid, slightly tragic image will help you remember both words.

Einprägen

Wortherkunft

Sanskrit

Kultureller Kontext

Slumping shoulders is often seen as a sign of lack of confidence in Indian professional settings.

Broad shoulders are a mark of a 'Pahalwan' (wrestler).

Only men typically 'give a shoulder' to the bier in traditional Hindu customs.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

Gesprächseinstiege

"क्या आपके कंधे में कभी चोट लगी है? (Have you ever had a shoulder injury?)"

"आप अपना बैग किस कंधे पर लटकाते हैं? (On which shoulder do you hang your bag?)"

"क्या आपको लगता है कि बड़ों के कंधों पर ज़्यादा ज़िम्मेदारी होती है? (Do you think elders have more responsibility on their shoulders?)"

"कंधे की जकड़न दूर करने के लिए आप क्या करते हैं? (What do you do to remove shoulder stiffness?)"

"क्या आपने कभी किसी की अर्थी को कंधा दिया है? (Have you ever given a shoulder to someone's bier? - Sensitive topic)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

आज मेरे कंधों पर कौन-कौन सी ज़िम्मेदारियां हैं? (What responsibilities are on my shoulders today?)

एक समय के बारे में लिखें जब आपको किसी के कंधे के सहारे की ज़रूरत थी। (Write about a time when you needed the support of someone's shoulder.)

अगर आपके कंधे बोल सकते, तो वे आपकी मेहनत के बारे में क्या कहते? (If your shoulders could speak, what would they say about your hard work?)

कंधे से कंधा मिलाकर काम करने के महत्व पर विचार करें। (Reflect on the importance of working shoulder to shoulder.)

अपने पसंदीदा खिलाड़ी के 'कंधे की ताकत' के बारे में लिखें। (Write about your favorite athlete's 'shoulder strength'.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

It is a masculine noun. You should always use masculine adjectives and verbs with it, such as 'मज़बूत कंधा' (strong shoulder) or 'कंधा दुख रहा है' (shoulder is hurting).

The plural is 'कंधे'. For example, 'मेरे दोनों कंधे' (both my shoulders). In the oblique case with postpositions, it becomes 'कंधों', like 'कंधों पर' (on the shoulders).

To shrug is 'कंधे उचकाना' (kandhe uchkānā). It is commonly used to show that you don't know something or that you don't care.

Literally, it means 'to give a shoulder'. Culturally, it specifically refers to the act of carrying a funeral bier to the cremation ground. Metaphorically, it can mean providing strong support.

No, in Hindi, the shoulder of a road is usually called 'पटरी' (paṭrī) or 'किनारा' (kinārā). 'कंधा' is almost exclusively used for biological shoulders or clothing.

'कंधा' is the common, everyday word. 'अंस' is a formal, Sanskrit-derived synonym used in literature or technical texts. You will rarely hear 'अंस' in conversation.

It is an aspirated 'd'. Place your tongue against your upper teeth, make a 'd' sound, and release a puff of air (like the 'dh' in 'adhere').

This is because of the 'oblique case' in Hindi grammar. Masculine nouns ending in '-ā' change to '-e' when followed by a postposition like 'पर', 'से', or 'में'.

It is often transliterated as 'फ्रोजन शोल्डर' or described as 'कंधा जाम होना' (kandhā jām honā), meaning the shoulder has become stuck or jammed.

No, the shoulder blade is specifically called 'कंधे की हड्डी' or 'स्कैपुला'. 'कंधा' refers to the general shoulder area or the joint.

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