धारा
धारा in 30 Sekunden
- Stream, current, flow (water, electricity, ideas, law sections).
- Feminine noun, used literally and metaphorically.
- Common in news, law, science, and general conversation.
- Key term for movement and progression.
The Hindi word 'धारा' (dhārā) is a versatile noun that primarily means 'stream,' 'current,' or 'flow.' It's used to describe the movement of water, but its meaning extends metaphorically to other types of continuous movement or progression, such as the flow of ideas, electricity, or even time. You'll encounter 'धारा' in various contexts, from describing natural phenomena to discussing abstract concepts.
- Water Flow
- When talking about rivers, streams, or even the ocean, 'धारा' refers to the current or the flow of water. For instance, 'नदी की धारा तेज है' means 'the river's current is strong.'
- Electrical Current
- In physics and everyday discussions about electricity, 'धारा' signifies the flow of electric charge. A common phrase is 'विद्युत धारा' (vidyut dhārā), meaning 'electric current.'
- Flow of Ideas/Information
- Metaphorically, 'धारा' can represent the continuous movement or progression of thoughts, information, or trends. For example, 'विचारों की धारा' (vichāron ki dhārā) could mean 'the flow of ideas.'
- Legal/Legislative Context
- In legal and governmental contexts, 'धारा' is used to refer to a section or article of a law or a constitution. For instance, 'भारतीय संविधान की धारा 370' (Bhāratīya Samvidhān ki dhārā 370) refers to 'Article 370 of the Indian Constitution.'
- Abstract Flow
- It can also describe the continuous unfolding or progression of events, time, or a narrative. 'समय की धारा' (samay ki dhārā) means 'the flow of time.'
During the monsoon, the धारा of the river becomes very fast.
The lawyer explained the relevant धारा of the law.
The constant धारा of information online can be overwhelming.
Mastering 'धारा' involves understanding its diverse applications. Here's how you can effectively incorporate it into your Hindi sentences, covering its literal and metaphorical uses.
- Describing Natural Water Flow
- Use 'धारा' when referring to the movement of water in rivers, streams, canals, or the sea. Pay attention to adjectives describing the speed or intensity of the flow.
- Examples:
- The धारा of the Ganges is considered sacred. (गंगा की धारा पवित्र मानी जाती है।)
- Be careful, the water धारा is very strong here. (सावधान रहें, यहाँ पानी की धारा बहुत तेज है।)
- The small stream had a gentle धारा. (छोटी सी धारा की धारा धीमी थी।)
- Referring to Electrical Current
- When discussing electricity, use 'विद्युत धारा' (vidyut dhārā) or simply 'धारा' in contexts where electricity is implied.
- Examples:
- This device requires a specific electrical धारा. (इस उपकरण को एक विशिष्ट विद्युत धारा की आवश्यकता होती है।)
- The flow of धारा in the wire was interrupted. (तार में धारा का प्रवाह बाधित हो गया।)
- High voltage can be dangerous due to the strong धारा. (उच्च वोल्टेज मजबूत धारा के कारण खतरनाक हो सकता है।)
- Metaphorical Flow (Ideas, Information, Time)
- Use 'धारा' to describe continuous, ongoing processes or movements in an abstract sense.
- Examples:
- The constant धारा of news keeps us updated. (समाचारों की निरंतर धारा हमें अपडेट रखती है।)
- Her speech had a smooth धारा. (उसके भाषण में एक सहज धारा थी।)
- The धारा of time never stops. (समय की धारा कभी नहीं रुकती।)
- Referring to Legal Sections
- In legal contexts, 'धारा' is used as the equivalent of 'section' or 'article' in a law or constitution. It is usually followed by a number.
- Examples:
- This action is prohibited under धारा 144. (यह कृत्य धारा 144 के तहत वर्जित है।)
- He cited धारा 302 of the Indian Penal Code. (उन्होंने भारतीय दंड संहिता की धारा 302 का उल्लेख किया।)
- The new law has several important धाराs. (नए कानून में कई महत्वपूर्ण धाराएँ हैं।)
- Forming Compound Words
- 'धारा' can be combined with other words to create more specific meanings.
- Examples:
- 'जलधारा' (jaladhārā) means 'water stream'.
- 'वायुधारा' (vāyudhārā) means 'air current'.
- 'विचारधारा' (vichāradhārā) means 'ideology' (flow of thoughts).
The word 'धारा' is quite common in Hindi and can be heard in a variety of everyday and formal situations. Its prevalence stems from its ability to describe fundamental concepts like flow, movement, and structure.
- News and Current Affairs
- You'll frequently hear 'धारा' in news reports, especially when discussing legal matters, government policies, or social trends. For example, a report might mention 'धारा 144 लागू की गई' (dhārā 144 lāgū kī gaī - Section 144 has been imposed) or discuss the 'धारा' of public opinion.
- Discussions about Nature and Environment
- When people talk about rivers, oceans, or weather patterns, 'धारा' is used to describe the flow of water or air. You might hear discussions about the 'गंगा की धारा' (Ganga's current) or the 'समुद्र की धारा' (ocean current).
- Educational and Scientific Contexts
- In science classes or technical discussions, 'विद्युत धारा' (vidyut dhārā - electric current) is a standard term. Discussions about physics, engineering, or even biology (like blood flow) might use 'धारा'.
- Legal and Political Discussions
- Lawyers, politicians, and citizens discussing laws and regulations will frequently use 'धारा' to refer to specific sections or articles of legislation. For instance, 'यह धारा बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है' (yah dhārā bahut mahatvapūrṇa hai - this section is very important).
- Conversations about Philosophy and Ideas
- When people discuss abstract concepts like 'विचारधारा' (vichāradhārā - ideology) or the 'प्रवाह' (pravāh - flow) of thoughts, 'धारा' can be used metaphorically. A writer might talk about the 'धारा' of their narrative.
- Everyday Language
- Even in casual conversations, 'धारा' might appear. For example, someone might say, 'पानी की धारा रुकी हुई है' (pānī kī dhārā rukī huī hai - the water flow is stopped) when referring to a tap. Or, 'उसकी बातों की धारा बहुत अच्छी थी' (uskī bāton kī dhārā bahut achchhī thī - the flow of his talk was very good).
The news anchor reported on the new धारा introduced in the bill.
We learned about the धारा of electricity in physics class.
While 'धारा' is a common word, learners might occasionally make mistakes in its usage, particularly concerning its gender and the nuances of its meanings. Here are some common pitfalls to avoid:
- Confusing Gender
- 'धारा' is a feminine noun. A common mistake is using masculine verb conjugations or adjectives with it. For example, saying 'धारा बहता है' (dhārā behtā hai) instead of the correct 'धारा बहती है' (dhārā behtī hai - the stream flows).
- Overusing it for any kind of flow
- While 'धारा' can be used metaphorically, it's not always the most appropriate word for every type of 'flow.' For instance, for the flow of speech, 'प्रवाह' (pravāh) might sometimes be more fitting, though 'धारा' is also acceptable. In formal contexts discussing abstract concepts, ensure 'धारा' aligns with the intended meaning of continuous movement or progression.
- Misinterpreting Legal Context
- When 'धारा' refers to a legal section, it's crucial to remember it's a specific part of a larger law. Simply saying 'यह धारा' (yah dhārā - this section) without context might be unclear. It's often used with a number, like 'धारा 302'. Learners might mistakenly use it to refer to the entire law itself.
- Confusing with Similar Sounding Words
- While less common, learners might confuse it with words that have similar sounds. Always pay attention to the spelling and pronunciation to differentiate 'धारा' (dhārā) from other words.
- Incorrect Pluralization
- The plural form of 'धारा' is 'धाराएँ' (dhārāen). A mistake might be to incorrectly pluralize it or use the singular form when referring to multiple sections of a law or multiple streams.
Incorrect: नदी बहता धारा। Correct: नदी बहती धारा। (The river flows in a stream.)
Incorrect: कानून के सभी धारा। Correct: कानून की सभी धाराएँ। (All sections of the law.)
While 'धारा' is a rich word, Hindi offers other words that can convey similar meanings depending on the context. Understanding these alternatives can help you express yourself more precisely.
- प्रवाह (pravāh)
- Meaning: Flow, stream, current, progression.
- Comparison: 'प्रवाह' is very similar to 'धारा' and is often interchangeable, especially when referring to the flow of liquids, gases, or abstract concepts like ideas or time. However, 'प्रवाह' sometimes carries a stronger sense of continuous movement or momentum. 'धारा' can also refer to a section of law, which 'प्रवाह' cannot.
- Example: 'पानी का प्रवाह तेज था।' (The flow of water was fast.) vs. 'पानी की धारा तेज थी।' (The stream of water was fast.)
- बहाव (bahāv)
- Meaning: Flow, current, drift, tendency.
- Comparison: 'बहाव' often implies a more passive or natural tendency of something to move or flow, like the drift of a boat or the general flow of a river without emphasizing its speed or force as much as 'धारा' might. It can also refer to a trend or influence.
- Example: 'नाव नदी के बहाव में बह रही थी।' (The boat was drifting in the river's current.) 'धारा' would emphasize the strength of the current, while 'बहाव' focuses on the movement itself.
- अनुच्छेद (anuchchhed)
- Meaning: Article, section (of a document, constitution, etc.).
- Comparison: This is a direct synonym for 'धारा' when referring to legal sections or articles. While 'धारा' is more commonly used in Indian legal contexts, 'अनुच्छेद' is also widely understood and used, particularly in more formal or academic writing about law.
- Example: 'संविधान का अनुच्छेद 15 समानता की बात करता है।' (Article 15 of the constitution speaks of equality.) This is synonymous with 'संविधान की धारा 15' (Article 15 of the constitution).
- तरंग (tarang)
- Meaning: Wave, ripple, surge.
- Comparison: 'तरंग' refers to a wave, which is a specific type of movement, often oscillatory. While a wave can be part of a larger flow (धारा), it's not a direct substitute. 'तरंग' can also be used metaphorically for emotional surges.
- Example: 'समुद्र में तरंगें उठ रही थीं।' (Waves were rising in the sea.) This is different from the general धारा (current) of the sea.
How Formal Is It?
Wusstest du?
The concept of 'धारा' is deeply embedded in Indian philosophy and spirituality, often symbolizing the continuous flow of cosmic energy, consciousness, or divine grace. The sacred rivers in India are often referred to by their 'dhārā' or current, signifying purity and life-giving properties.
Aussprachehilfe
- Pronouncing 'dh' as a plain 'd' sound.
- Shortening the long 'ā' vowel sound.
- Confusing it with similar sounding words.
Schwierigkeitsgrad
Recognizing 'धारा' in its various contexts (literal, metaphorical, legal) requires understanding nuances. Legal contexts can be particularly challenging due to specialized vocabulary.
Using 'धारा' correctly in different contexts, especially when distinguishing between literal and metaphorical meanings or legal sections, requires practice.
Pronunciation is relatively straightforward, but using 'धारा' appropriately in conversation, especially in legal or abstract discussions, demands good contextual understanding.
Distinguishing between the different meanings of 'धारा' based on context is key for comprehension, particularly in news or legal discussions.
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Voraussetzungen
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Fortgeschritten
Wichtige Grammatik
Feminine Nouns and Agreement
'धारा' is a feminine noun. Adjectives and verbs used with it must agree in gender. For example, 'तेज धारा बहती है' (tej dhārā behtī hai - the fast stream flows) uses the feminine form of the verb 'बहना' (bahnā).
Possessive Postposition 'की' (kī)
When showing possession or relation, 'की' is used with feminine nouns like 'धारा'. For example, 'नदी की धारा' (nadī kī dhārā - the river's stream) or 'कानून की धारा' (kānūn kī dhārā - the law's section).
Pluralization of Feminine Nouns ending in 'आ'
Feminine nouns ending in 'आ' (ā), like 'धारा', often change the 'आ' to 'एँ' (en) in the plural. So, 'धारा' becomes 'धाराएँ' (dhārāen).
Using 'के विरुद्ध' and 'के साथ'
These postpositional phrases are commonly used with 'धारा' to mean 'against the current' ('धारा के विरुद्ध') and 'with the current' ('धारा के साथ').
Compound Nouns
'धारा' frequently forms compound nouns, such as 'विचारधारा' (vichāradhārā - ideology) and 'धाराप्रवाह' (dhārāpravāh - fluency), where it often signifies a continuous flow or progression.
Beispiele nach Niveau
पानी की धारा
Water's stream
'की' (ki) is a possessive postposition, showing 'of'.
बिजली की धारा
Electricity's stream
'की' (ki) is a possessive postposition.
नदी की धारा
River's stream
'की' (ki) is a possessive postposition.
तेज धारा
Fast stream
'तेज' (tej) is an adjective meaning fast.
धीमी धारा
Slow stream
'धीमी' (dhīmī) is an adjective meaning slow.
धरती की धारा
Earth's flow (metaphorical)
Metaphorical use, 'की' (ki) is possessive.
कानून की धारा
Law's section
'की' (ki) is possessive. Refers to a section of law.
विचारों की धारा
Ideas' flow
Metaphorical use, 'की' (ki) is possessive.
नदी की धारा बहुत तेज बह रही थी।
The river's stream was flowing very fast.
'बह रही थी' (bah rahī thī) is the past continuous tense for a feminine subject.
बिजली की धारा को नियंत्रित करना मुश्किल है।
Controlling the electric current is difficult.
'नियंत्रित करना' (niyantrit karnā) means 'to control'.
इस कानून की धारा 10 बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है।
Section 10 of this law is very important.
'धारा 10' (dhārā 10) refers to a specific section.
उसकी बातों की धारा में एक खास बात थी।
There was a special thing in the flow of his words.
Metaphorical use for speech flow.
सावधान! पानी की धारा बहुत शक्तिशाली है।
Careful! The water stream is very powerful.
'शक्तिशाली' (śaktiśālī) means powerful.
हमें नई विचारधारा की धारा को समझना होगा।
We will have to understand the stream of the new ideology.
'विचारधारा' (vichāradhārā) means ideology.
समुद्र की धारा हमें किनारे ले गई।
The ocean's current took us to the shore.
'किनारे' (kināre) means shore/edge.
विद्युत धारा का प्रवाह मापा जा रहा है।
The flow of electric current is being measured.
'विद्युत धारा' (vidyut dhārā) is electric current. 'मापा जा रहा है' (māpā jā rahā hai) is present continuous passive.
जब बारिश तेज होती है, तो नदियों की धाराएँ उफान पर आ जाती हैं।
When the rain is heavy, the streams of the rivers swell up.
'उफान पर आ जाना' (uphān par ājānā) means to swell up or overflow.
इंजीनियरों ने विद्युत धारा को सुरक्षित रूप से प्रवाहित करने के लिए एक नया तरीका खोजा।
Engineers found a new way to safely conduct the electric current.
'सुरक्षित रूप से' (surakṣit rūp se) means safely. 'प्रवाहित करना' (pravāhit karnā) means to conduct or flow.
इस लेख में भारतीय दंड संहिता की धारा 302 का विस्तृत विश्लेषण किया गया है।
This article provides a detailed analysis of Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code.
'विस्तृत विश्लेषण' (vistṛt viśleṣaṇ) means detailed analysis.
आज के युग में सूचनाओं की निरंतर धारा से बचना असंभव है।
In today's era, it is impossible to escape the continuous stream of information.
'निरंतर' (nirantar) means continuous. 'बचना असंभव है' (bacnā asambhav hai) means it is impossible to escape.
समुद्री धाराएँ जहाजों के मार्ग को प्रभावित करती हैं।
Ocean currents affect the routes of ships.
'मार्ग' (mārg) means route or path.
उसकी वक्तृत्व शैली विचारों की एक अनवरत धारा थी।
His oratorical style was a continuous flow of ideas.
'वक्तृत्व शैली' (vaktṛtva śailī) means oratorical style. 'अनवरत' (anvarat) means uninterrupted/continuous.
कानून में संशोधन के बाद, पुरानी धाराएँ निरस्त कर दी गईं।
After the amendment in the law, the old sections were repealed.
'संशोधन' (saṁśodhan) means amendment. 'निरस्त कर दी गईं' (nirast kar dī gaīn) means were repealed (feminine plural passive).
मानव शरीर में रक्त की धारा जीवन के लिए आवश्यक है।
The flow of blood in the human body is essential for life.
'रक्त' (rakta) means blood. 'आवश्यक है' (āvaśyak hai) means is essential.
जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण समुद्री धाराओं के पैटर्न में महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव देखे जा रहे हैं।
Due to climate change, significant changes are being observed in the patterns of ocean currents.
'जलवायु परिवर्तन' (jalvāyu parivartan) means climate change. 'पैटर्न' (paitarn) is pattern. 'महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव' (mahatvapūrṇa badlāv) means significant changes.
यह विद्युत धारा की धारा इतनी मजबूत थी कि इसने सभी सुरक्षा प्रणालियों को ध्वस्त कर दिया।
The electric current's flow was so strong that it destroyed all safety systems.
'सुरक्षा प्रणालियों' (surakṣā praṇāliyon) means safety systems. 'ध्वस्त कर दिया' (dhvast kar diyā) means destroyed.
उस विशेष अधिनियम की धारा 498A घरेलू हिंसा से संबंधित है।
Section 498A of that particular act pertains to domestic violence.
'विशेष अधिनियम' (viśeṣ adhinīyam) means particular act. 'घरेलू हिंसा' (gharelū hiṁsā) means domestic violence. 'संबंधित है' (sambandhit hai) means pertains to/is related to.
डिजिटल युग में, विचारों की धारा को नियंत्रित करना या सेंसर करना एक जटिल चुनौती है।
In the digital age, controlling or censoring the flow of ideas is a complex challenge.
'डिजिटल युग' (ḍijiṭal yug) means digital age. 'सेंसर करना' (sensar karnā) means to censor. 'जटिल चुनौती' (jaṭil cunautī) means complex challenge.
जब तक आप नदी की तेज धारा के खिलाफ तैरने का प्रयास नहीं करते, आप अपनी ताकत नहीं जान पाएंगे।
Until you try to swim against the strong current of the river, you will not know your strength.
'खिलाफ तैरना' (khilāph tairnā) means to swim against. 'ताकत' (tākat) means strength.
उसकी दार्शनिक व्याख्याओं में तत्वमीमांसा की एक गहरी धारा प्रवाहित होती थी।
A deep current of metaphysics flowed through his philosophical interpretations.
'दार्शनिक व्याख्याओं' (dārśanik vyākhyāon) means philosophical interpretations. 'तत्वमीमांसा' (tattvamīmāṁsā) means metaphysics. 'गहरी धारा' (gahrī dhārā) means deep current.
सरकार ने नई शिक्षा नीति की विभिन्न धाराओं को लागू करने के लिए एक समिति का गठन किया।
The government formed a committee to implement the various sections of the new education policy.
'शिक्षा नीति' (śikṣā nīti) means education policy. 'गठन किया' (gaṭhan kiyā) means formed/constituted.
प्रकृति की अपनी एक धारा होती है, जिसे समझना और सम्मान करना आवश्यक है।
Nature has its own flow, which is necessary to understand and respect.
'प्रकृति' (prakṛti) means nature. 'सम्मान करना' (sam'mān karnā) means to respect.
वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था की जटिल धाराओं को समझने के लिए गहन आर्थिक विश्लेषण की आवश्यकता होती है।
Understanding the complex currents of the global economy requires in-depth economic analysis.
'वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था' (vaiśvik arthavyavasthā) means global economy. 'जटिल धाराओं' (jaṭil dhārāon) means complex currents. 'गहन आर्थिक विश्लेषण' (gahan ārthik viśleṣaṇ) means in-depth economic analysis.
यह सुनिश्चित करना कि विद्युत धारा का वितरण समान हो, एक बड़ी इंजीनियरिंग चुनौती है, खासकर बड़े पैमाने पर।
Ensuring that the distribution of electric current is uniform is a major engineering challenge, especially on a large scale.
'वितरण' (vitaraṇ) means distribution. 'समान' (samān) means uniform. 'बड़े पैमाने पर' (baṛe paimāne par) means on a large scale.
भारतीय संविधान की धारा 21 जीवन और व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता के अधिकार की गारंटी देती है, जिसमें गरिमापूर्ण जीवन जीने का अधिकार भी शामिल है।
Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty, including the right to live with dignity.
'व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता' (vyaktigat svatantratā) means personal liberty. 'गरिमापूर्ण जीवन' (garimāpūrṇ jīvan) means dignified life. 'गारंटी देती है' (gāranṭī detī hai) means guarantees.
कलात्मक अभिव्यक्ति की धाराएँ अक्सर सामाजिक और राजनीतिक उथल-पुथल से प्रेरित होती हैं।
The streams of artistic expression are often inspired by social and political upheavals.
'कलात्मक अभिव्यक्ति' (kalātmak abhivyakti) means artistic expression. 'सामाजिक और राजनीतिक उथल-पुथल' (sāmājik aur rājnītik uthal-puthal) means social and political upheavals.
साहित्यिक आलोचना में, एक विशिष्ट शैली की धारा को पहचानना और उसका अनुसरण करना महत्वपूर्ण है।
In literary criticism, it is important to identify and follow the current of a specific style.
'साहित्यिक आलोचना' (sāhityik ālocanā) means literary criticism. 'शैली' (śailī) means style. 'अनुसरण करना' (anusaraṇ karnā) means to follow.
समय की अथक धारा हमें निरंतर परिवर्तन की ओर ले जाती है, जिससे हमें अतीत को संजोना और भविष्य के लिए तैयार रहना पड़ता है।
The relentless stream of time carries us towards constant change, compelling us to cherish the past and prepare for the future.
'अथक' (athak) means relentless. 'अथक धारा' (athak dhārā) means relentless stream. 'संजोना' (saṁjonā) means to cherish. 'तैयार रहना' (taiyār rahnā) means to be prepared.
कानूनी व्याख्याओं में, विभिन्न धाराओं के बीच सामंजस्य स्थापित करना न्याय के लिए सर्वोपरि है।
In legal interpretations, establishing harmony between different sections is paramount for justice.
'कानूनी व्याख्याओं' (kānūnī vyākhyāon) means legal interpretations. 'सामंजस्य स्थापित करना' (sāmañjasy sthāpit karnā) means to establish harmony. 'सर्वोपरि' (sarvopari) means paramount.
वैज्ञानिक प्रगति की धारा को बनाए रखने के लिए निरंतर अनुसंधान और नवाचार की आवश्यकता है।
Maintaining the flow of scientific progress requires continuous research and innovation.
'वैज्ञानिक प्रगति' (vaijñānik pragati) means scientific progress. 'अनुसंधान' (anusandhān) means research. 'नवाचार' (navācār) means innovation.
भूगर्भीय विसंगतियों के कारण, महाद्वीपीय शेल्फ पर धाराओं की अप्रत्याशित प्रकृति ने नौवहन को अत्यंत चुनौतीपूर्ण बना दिया है।
Due to geological anomalies, the unpredictable nature of currents on the continental shelf has made navigation extremely challenging.
'भूगर्भीय विसंगतियों' (bhūgarbhīya visaṁgatiyon) means geological anomalies. 'अप्रत्याशित प्रकृति' (apratyāśit prakṛti) means unpredictable nature. 'नौवहन' (nauvahan) means navigation. 'अत्यंत चुनौतीपूर्ण' (atyant cunautīpūrṇ) means extremely challenging.
यह सुनिश्चित करना कि उच्च-वोल्टेज विद्युत धारा का सुरक्षित और कुशल संचरण हो, आधुनिक अवसंरचना की आधारशिला है।
Ensuring the safe and efficient transmission of high-voltage electric current is the cornerstone of modern infrastructure.
'उच्च-वोल्टेज' (ucc-volṭej) means high-voltage. 'कुशल संचरण' (kuśal sañcaraṇ) means efficient transmission. 'आधारशिला' (ādhārśilā) means cornerstone. 'अवसंरचना' (avasaṁracanā) means infrastructure.
संविधान की व्याख्या में, विभिन्न धाराओं के बीच ऐतिहासिक संदर्भ और विधायी मंशा की धारा को समझना अपरिहार्य है।
In the interpretation of the constitution, understanding the historical context and the flow of legislative intent between different sections is indispensable.
'विधायी मंशा' (vidhāyī maṁśā) means legislative intent. 'अपरिहार्य' (aparihārya) means indispensable.
कला के इतिहास में, विभिन्न आंदोलनों की वैचारिक धाराओं का पता लगाना और उनका विश्लेषण करना समकालीन कला के विकास को समझने की कुंजी है।
In the history of art, tracing and analyzing the ideological currents of various movements is key to understanding the development of contemporary art.
'कला के इतिहास' (kalā ke itihās) means history of art. 'आंदोलनों' (āṁdolanon) means movements. 'वैचारिक धाराओं' (vaicārik dhārāon) means ideological currents. 'समकालीन कला' (samakālīn kalā) means contemporary art.
अस्तित्ववादी दर्शन की धारा यह मानती है कि मनुष्य अपने कर्मों के माध्यम से अपने सार का निर्माण करता है, जो एक अनूठी व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता की धारा को दर्शाता है।
The current of existentialist philosophy posits that humans create their essence through their actions, reflecting a unique stream of individual freedom.
'अस्तित्ववादी दर्शन' (astitvavādī darśan) means existentialist philosophy. 'कर्मों' (karmon) means actions. 'सार' (sār) means essence. 'अनूठी' (anūṭhī) means unique.
समय की निरंतर धारा, अपने अप्रत्याशित मोड़ और घुमावों के साथ, मानवीय अनुभव की जटिल टेपेस्ट्री को बुनती है, जिससे हमें क्षणभंगुरता और निरंतरता दोनों का एहसास होता है।
The continuous stream of time, with its unpredictable twists and turns, weaves the complex tapestry of human experience, making us aware of both transience and permanence.
'अप्रत्याशित मोड़ और घुमावों' (apratyāśit moṛ aur ghumāvon) means unpredictable twists and turns. 'जटिल टेपेस्ट्री' (jaṭil ṭepesṭrī) means complex tapestry. 'क्षणभंगुरता' (kṣaṇabhaṅguratā) means transience. 'निरंतरता' (nirantaratā) means permanence.
न्यायिक निर्णयों में, विभिन्न धाराओं के बीच सामंजस्य स्थापित करने की प्रक्रिया में विधायी इतिहास की सूक्ष्म धाराओं का सावधानीपूर्वक अन्वेषण शामिल है।
In judicial decisions, the process of establishing harmony between different sections involves a careful exploration of the subtle currents of legislative history.
'न्यायिक निर्णयों' (nyāyik nirṇayon) means judicial decisions. 'विधायी इतिहास' (vidhāyī itihās) means legislative history. 'सूक्ष्म धाराओं' (sūkṣm dhārāon) means subtle currents. 'सावधानीपूर्वक अन्वेषण' (sāvadhānīpūrvak anveṣaṇ) means careful exploration.
वैज्ञानिक समुदाय में, सैद्धांतिक भौतिकी की धाराएँ अक्सर प्रायोगिक अवलोकनों की धारा से प्रेरित होती हैं, जो ज्ञान की प्रगति की एक सहजीवी धारा बनाती हैं।
Within the scientific community, the currents of theoretical physics are often inspired by the flow of experimental observations, creating a symbiotic stream of knowledge advancement.
'सैद्धांतिक भौतिकी' (saiddhāntik bhautikī) means theoretical physics. 'प्रायोगिक अवलोकनों' (prāyogik avalokanon) means experimental observations. 'सहजीवी धारा' (sahajīvī dhārā) means symbiotic stream. 'ज्ञान की प्रगति' (jñān kī pragati) means knowledge advancement.
Häufige Kollokationen
Häufige Phrasen
— To speak fluently.
वह हिंदी धाराप्रवाह बोलता है। (He speaks Hindi fluently.)
— Against the current; against the prevailing trend or opinion.
उसने हमेशा धारा के विरुद्ध जाकर काम किया। (He always worked against the current.)
— With the current; going along with the prevailing trend.
अधिकांश लोग धारा के साथ बहना पसंद करते हैं। (Most people prefer to go with the flow.)
— Section 144 being imposed (a legal order restricting public gatherings).
शहर में शांति बनाए रखने के लिए धारा 144 लागू कर दी गई है। (Section 144 has been imposed in the city to maintain peace.)
— Ideology (literally, 'flow of thoughts').
उसकी विचारधारा काफी प्रगतिशील है। (His ideology is quite progressive.)
— Sequential, continuous, serial (often used for TV series).
यह एक बहुत ही दिलचस्प धारावाही नाटक है। (This is a very interesting serial drama.)
— Serial, series (especially for TV shows).
मैं हर शाम को धारावाहिक देखता हूँ। (I watch serials every evening.)
— Sequential order.
घटनाओं का धारावाही क्रम समझना महत्वपूर्ण है। (It is important to understand the sequential order of events.)
— Violation of a section (of law).
यह कार्य उस धारा का उल्लंघन है। (This act is a violation of that section.)
— Direction of the current.
हमें धारा की दिशा को समझना होगा। (We need to understand the direction of the current.)
Wird oft verwechselt mit
'प्रवाह' also means flow or current and is often interchangeable with 'धारा' for liquids or abstract concepts. However, 'धारा' is specifically used for legal sections, which 'प्रवाह' is not.
'बहाव' implies a more passive drift or natural tendency to flow, whereas 'धारा' can imply a more directed or forceful current.
'तरंग' means wave, which is a distinct type of movement from a continuous stream or current ('धारा').
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
— To go with the flow; to follow the majority or prevailing trend without resistance.
उसने कभी भी धारा के साथ बहना पसंद नहीं किया, हमेशा अपनी राह चुनी। (He never preferred to go with the flow; he always chose his own path.)
Neutral— To go against the current; to oppose the majority or prevailing trend.
जब सब एक दिशा में जा रहे हों, तो धारा के विरुद्ध जाना साहस का काम है। (When everyone is going in one direction, going against the current is an act of courage.)
Neutral— Fluent, like a continuous stream (used for speech or writing).
उसकी अंग्रेजी धाराप्रवाह है, जैसे वह उसी की मातृभाषा हो। (His English is fluent, as if it were his mother tongue.)
Neutral— The flow of ideology; the development or spread of a particular set of beliefs.
उस समय, नई विचारधाराओं का प्रवाह समाज में तेजी से फैल रहा था। (At that time, the flow of new ideologies was spreading rapidly in society.)
Neutral— To be carried away by the stream of time; to forget the past or move on.
पुरानी बातें समय की धारा में बह गईं और नया जीवन शुरू हुआ। (Old matters were carried away by the stream of time, and a new life began.)
Neutral— The complex web of legal sections; intricate legalities.
छोटे अपराध के लिए भी कानूनी धाराओं का जाल उलझा सकता है। (Even for a minor offense, the web of legal sections can be confusing.)
Neutral— An unending stream of knowledge; continuous learning.
यह संस्थान ज्ञान की अविरल धारा प्रदान करने के लिए प्रतिबद्ध है। (This institution is committed to providing an unending stream of knowledge.)
Formal— Emotional current; a strong, continuous flow of emotions.
उसकी कहानी सुनकर मेरे मन में एक भावनात्मक धारा जाग उठी। (Hearing his story awakened an emotional current in my mind.)
Neutral— Cultural current; the prevailing trends or influences in a culture.
आज की युवा पीढ़ी पर पश्चिमी सांस्कृतिक धारा का गहरा प्रभाव है। (The Western cultural current has a deep influence on today's youth generation.)
Neutral— The flow/stream of development.
देश विकास की धारा में तेजी से आगे बढ़ रहा है। (The country is rapidly advancing in the stream of development.)
NeutralLeicht verwechselbar
Both words mean 'flow' or 'current'.
'धारा' often implies a more defined or directed flow, especially in water or electricity. It is also uniquely used for sections of law. 'प्रवाह' is a more general term for continuous movement and can be used for anything that flows, like ideas, time, or even speech.
नदी की <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>धारा</mark> तेज थी। (The river's stream was fast.) vs. विचारों का <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>प्रवाह</mark> जारी रहा। (The flow of ideas continued.)
Both relate to movement and flow.
'बहाव' often suggests a more natural, less controlled movement, like drifting. 'धारा' can imply a stronger, more directed current. For instance, a boat might drift with the 'बहाव' of the river, but the river itself has a 'धारा'.
नाव <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>बहाव</mark> में बह रही थी। (The boat was drifting in the current.) vs. <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>धारा</mark> इतनी तेज थी कि नाव को संभालना मुश्किल था। (The current was so strong that it was difficult to control the boat.)
This is a direct synonym in one specific context.
'अनुच्छेद' is a direct synonym for 'धारा' when referring to a section or article of a law or constitution. However, 'धारा' is also used for physical currents (water, electricity), which 'अनुच्छेद' is not. 'धारा' is more common in Indian legal usage.
संविधान की <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>धारा</mark> 14 समानता की बात करती है। (Article 14 speaks of equality.) / संविधान का <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>अनुच्छेद</mark> 14 समानता की बात करता है।
Both relate to movement, often in water.
'तरंग' means 'wave,' which is a distinct, often oscillatory movement. 'धारा' refers to a continuous flow or current. A wave can be part of a current, but they are not the same.
समुद्र में <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>तरंगें</mark> उठ रही थीं। (Waves were rising in the sea.) vs. समुद्र की <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>धारा</mark> बहुत शक्तिशाली थी। (The ocean's current was very powerful.)
Both relate to the concept of flowing.
'रवां' is an adjective meaning 'flowing' or 'current.' 'धारा' is a noun meaning 'stream' or 'current.' You would say 'पानी रवां है' (water is flowing), but 'पानी की धारा बह रही है' (the stream of water is flowing).
पानी <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>रवां</mark> है। (The water is flowing.) vs. पानी की <mark class='bg-red-200 dark:bg-red-800 px-0.5 rounded'>धारा</mark> तेज है। (The stream of water is fast.)
Satzmuster
[Noun] की धारा
पानी की धारा।
[Adjective] धारा
तेज धारा।
[Noun] की धारा [Adverb] [Verb]
नदी की धारा तेज बहती है।
[Law Term] की धारा [Number] [Adjective]
कानून की धारा 10 महत्वपूर्ण है।
[Abstract Noun] की धारा [Adverb] [Verb]
विचारों की धारा निरंतर बहती है।
[Context] में धारा [Number] [Verb]
इस अधिनियम में धारा 498A का उल्लेख है।
[Context] के कारण [Noun] की धाराओं में बदलाव।
जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण समुद्री धाराओं में बदलाव आया है।
[Complex Subject] की [Adjective] धाराओं को समझना [Verb Phrase]
वैश्विक अर्थव्यवस्था की जटिल धाराओं को समझना आवश्यक है।
Wortfamilie
Substantive
Adjektive
Verwandt
So verwendest du es
High
-
Using masculine agreement.
→
धारा बहती है (dhārā behtī hai).
'Dhārā' is a feminine noun. Adjectives and verbs must agree with it. Incorrect: 'धारा बहता है'.
-
Confusing literal and legal meanings without context.
→
The context will clarify. E.g., 'नदी की धारा तेज है।' vs. 'कानून की धारा 144 लागू है।'
Learners might use 'dhara' for any flow when a more specific word like 'pravah' or 'bahav' might be better, or they might miss the legal context when a number is involved.
-
Incorrect pluralization.
→
धाराएँ (dhārāen).
The plural of 'dhara' is 'dharaen'. Incorrectly pluralizing it or using the singular when plural is needed can cause confusion.
-
Using 'dhara' for 'wave'.
→
Use 'tarang' (तरंग) for wave.
'Dhārā' refers to a continuous stream or current, not an oscillatory wave. For example, 'samudra ki dhara' (ocean current) is different from 'samudra mein tarangen' (waves in the ocean).
-
Overgeneralizing metaphorical use.
→
Ensure the metaphorical use aligns with the concept of continuous flow or progression.
While 'dhara' can be metaphorical, it's not a catch-all for any kind of sequence. It implies a continuous movement or trend.
Tipps
Aspirated 'Dh'
Practice the aspirated 'dh' sound in 'dhara' (धारा). It's like a 'd' sound followed by a puff of air. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate the sound.
Context is King
Always pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall topic of conversation or text. This will help you determine whether 'dhara' refers to a literal stream, an electrical current, a legal section, or a metaphorical flow.
Feminine Noun
Remember that 'dhara' is feminine. Ensure that any adjectives or verbs modifying or describing it are also in the feminine form. For example, 'the stream is fast' would be 'dhara tez hai' (धारा तेज है) or 'dhara tez behti hai' (धारा तेज बहती है).
Sections of Law
When 'dhara' is used in a legal context, it's often accompanied by a number (e.g., 'dhara 370' - धारा 370). This signifies a specific article or section of a law or constitution.
Beyond the Literal
Don't limit 'dhara' to just water. Think about how things flow: ideas, time, trends, electricity. This metaphorical understanding will greatly expand your ability to use the word effectively.
Exploring Alternatives
While 'dhara' is versatile, words like 'pravah' (प्रवाह - flow) and 'bahav' (बहाव - drift) offer nuances. Understanding these helps in choosing the most precise word for your intended meaning.
Multiple Streams/Sections
The plural of 'dhara' is 'dharaen' (धाराएँ). Use this when referring to more than one stream, current, or legal section.
Common Phrases
Familiarize yourself with idioms like 'dhara ke saath bahna' (to go with the flow) and 'dhara ke viruddh jaana' (to go against the current) for richer conversation.
Related Terms
Explore related words like 'vichardhara' (विचारधारा - ideology) and 'dhara pravah' (धाराप्रवाह - fluent) to see how 'dhara' contributes to broader concepts.
Active Recall
Try creating your own sentences using 'dhara' in different contexts. Write them down, say them aloud, and test yourself regularly to solidify your understanding.
Einprägen
Eselsbrücke
Imagine a 'DHAR'a (like 'dare') to jump into a fast-flowing river. The 'dhārā' is the water current that you dare to enter. Also, think of 'DHAR'ma, which flows continuously through life, like a stream.
Visuelle Assoziation
Picture a strong, wide river with a visible, fast-moving current. Alternatively, visualize a thick, visible line of electricity flowing through wires, or a judge pointing to a specific 'section' (dhārā) in a large law book.
Word Web
Herausforderung
Try to describe five different things you see or think about today using the word 'धारा' in Hindi, whether literally or metaphorically. For instance, 'Today, the news had a constant धारा of bad news.' or 'The धारा of the small stream in the park was very peaceful.'
Wortherkunft
The word 'धारा' originates from the Sanskrit root 'धृ' (dhṛ), meaning 'to hold,' 'to support,' or 'to flow.' This root is related to the concept of something that flows continuously and sustains itself.
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: In Sanskrit, 'dhārā' (धारा) primarily meant 'stream,' 'flow,' 'current,' but also 'edge,' 'line,' or 'streak.' It carried connotations of continuous movement and a defined path.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit -> Prakrit -> Hindi)Kultureller Kontext
When referring to legal 'धारा's, ensure accuracy and context, as they often carry significant legal weight and implications for individuals and society.
In English, we have words like 'stream,' 'current,' 'flow,' and 'section' which cover the meanings of 'धारा.' However, 'धारा' uniquely combines these concepts, especially in the legal domain where it serves as a direct equivalent for 'section' or 'article' within Indian legal parlance.
Im Alltag üben
Kontexte aus dem Alltag
Describing natural water bodies.
- नदी की धारा
- समुद्र की धारा
- झरने की धारा
- तेज धारा
- धीमी धारा
Discussing electricity and electrical concepts.
- विद्युत धारा
- धारा का प्रवाह
- सुरक्षित धारा
- उच्च धारा
Referring to laws and legal matters.
- कानून की धारा
- धारा 144
- धारा 302
- धारा का उल्लंघन
- धारा लागू होना
Talking about abstract flows (ideas, time, trends).
- विचारों की धारा
- समय की धारा
- ज्ञान की धारा
- सांस्कृतिक धारा
- धारा के साथ बहना
Describing movement or progression in general.
- वायु धारा
- विकास की धारा
- धाराप्रवाह बोलना
- धारा के विरुद्ध जाना
Gesprächseinstiege
"What is the most powerful river current you have ever seen or heard about?"
"How do you think the constant stream of information online affects our thinking?"
"If you had to explain a law to someone, how would you refer to its different sections using 'dhara'?"
"Can you think of a time when you felt like you were going against the 'dhara' (current) of popular opinion?"
"What are your thoughts on the 'dhara' (flow) of time and how it impacts our lives?"
Tagebuch-Impulse
Describe a time you experienced a strong natural current, like in a river or the ocean. Use the word 'dhara' (धारा) to describe it.
Write about a time you had to go against the 'dhara' (current) of what others expected. What was the outcome?
Reflect on the 'dhara' (flow) of information you receive daily. Is it overwhelming? Is it beneficial? How can you manage it?
Imagine you are explaining a simple law or rule to a child. How would you use the word 'dhara' (धारा) to refer to a specific part of that rule?
Discuss the concept of 'vichardhara' (विचारधारा - ideology). How do different ideologies create different 'dharas' (streams) of thought in society?
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenNo, 'dhara' (धारा) is not always about water. While it literally means the current or flow of water (like in a river), it is also used metaphorically for the flow of electricity ('vidyut dhara' - विद्युत धारा), the progression of ideas ('vicharon ki dhara' - विचारों की धारा), or the passage of time ('samay ki dhara' - समय की धारा). Crucially, it also refers to a section or article of a law.
'Dhārā' (धारा) and 'pravāh' (प्रवाह) both mean 'flow' or 'current.' They are often interchangeable, especially when talking about liquids or abstract concepts. However, 'dhara' can specifically refer to a section of a law, which 'pravāh' cannot. 'Pravāh' sometimes emphasizes a more continuous or sustained movement.
Context is key. If 'dhara' is followed by a number (like 'dhara 144' - धारा 144) or used in a discussion about laws, rules, or the constitution, it almost certainly refers to a legal section or article. Phrases like 'kanoon ki dhara' (कानून की धारा - law's section) explicitly indicate this meaning.
'Dhārā' (धारा) is a feminine noun in Hindi. This means that adjectives and verbs used with it must agree in gender. For example, you would say 'तेज धारा बहती है' (tej dhārā behtī hai - the fast stream flows), using the feminine verb form.
The plural form of 'dhārā' (धारा) is 'dhārāen' (धाराएँ). This is used when referring to multiple streams, currents, or sections of law.
Yes, 'dhara' can be used metaphorically for the flow of speech, often in phrases like 'baaton ki dhara' (बातों की धारा - the flow of words) or 'vicharon ki dhara' (विचारों की धारा - the flow of thoughts). The adjective 'dhārapravāh' (धाराप्रवाह) means fluent, directly relating to smooth speech.
'Dhārāpravāh bolnā' (धाराप्रवाह बोलना) means 'to speak fluently.' It implies speaking smoothly and continuously, like a stream of water.
When referring to electricity, 'dhara' is typically used as part of the compound word 'vidyut dhara' (विद्युत धारा), which means 'electric current.' It signifies the flow of electrical charge.
Yes, common idioms include 'dhara ke saath bahna' (धारा के साथ बहना - to go with the flow) and 'dhara ke viruddh jaana' (धारा के विरुद्ध जाना - to go against the current). These phrases are used metaphorically to describe conformity or non-conformity.
'Vichāradhārā' (विचारधारा) literally translates to 'flow of thoughts' and means 'ideology.' It refers to a system of beliefs and ideas that form the basis of economic or political theory.
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Summary
The Hindi word 'धारा' (dhārā) is a versatile feminine noun signifying 'stream,' 'current,' or 'flow.' It's used literally for water and electricity, metaphorically for the progression of ideas or time, and specifically for sections of laws. Understanding its context is crucial for accurate comprehension.
- Stream, current, flow (water, electricity, ideas, law sections).
- Feminine noun, used literally and metaphorically.
- Common in news, law, science, and general conversation.
- Key term for movement and progression.
Aspirated 'Dh'
Practice the aspirated 'dh' sound in 'dhara' (धारा). It's like a 'd' sound followed by a puff of air. Listen to native speakers and try to imitate the sound.
Context is King
Always pay attention to the surrounding words and the overall topic of conversation or text. This will help you determine whether 'dhara' refers to a literal stream, an electrical current, a legal section, or a metaphorical flow.
Feminine Noun
Remember that 'dhara' is feminine. Ensure that any adjectives or verbs modifying or describing it are also in the feminine form. For example, 'the stream is fast' would be 'dhara tez hai' (धारा तेज है) or 'dhara tez behti hai' (धारा तेज बहती है).
Sections of Law
When 'dhara' is used in a legal context, it's often accompanied by a number (e.g., 'dhara 370' - धारा 370). This signifies a specific article or section of a law or constitution.
Beispiel
नदी में पानी की धारा तेज़ थी।
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