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B1 verb 13 Min. Lesezeit

esercitare

Beispiele
Erklärung esercitare in your Level:
At the A1 level, you should focus on the most basic meaning of 'esercitare', which is similar to 'to practice' in English, but primarily in its reflexive form: 'esercitarsi'. At this stage, you might use it to say you are practicing a simple skill, like speaking Italian or playing a game. You won't use the complex legal or professional meanings yet. Instead, think of it as a way to describe your study habits. For example, 'Mi esercito con l'italiano' (I practice Italian). It is important to learn that it is a regular verb ending in -are, so it follows the same patterns as 'parlare' or 'mangiare'. You should also begin to recognize the reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) that go with it. Even at A1, knowing this word helps you describe what you do to improve your skills. Avoid using it for going to the gym; for that, just say 'faccio sport'. Keep your sentences simple: 'Io mi esercito', 'Tu ti eserciti'. This builds the foundation for more complex uses later on. Remember that 'esercitarsi' is about the effort you put in to get better at something. It is a positive, active verb that shows you are a dedicated learner. By the end of A1, you should be able to tell someone that you practice a hobby or a language using this verb.
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At the A2 level, you can start to expand your use of 'esercitare' beyond simple language practice. You might begin to see the transitive form (without the reflexive 'si') in simple sentences about roles or basic rights. For example, 'Il medico esercita in questo ospedale' (The doctor practices in this hospital). You will also learn to use 'esercitarsi' with the preposition 'a' followed by an infinitive, such as 'Mi esercito a scrivere' (I practice writing). This allows you to be more specific about your actions. You should also become comfortable using the verb in the past tense (Passato Prossimo). Remember the rule: 'Ho esercitato' (transitive) but 'Mi sono esercitato' (reflexive). This is a common point of confusion for A2 learners, so practicing the difference is key. You might also encounter the noun form 'esercizio' (exercise) in your textbooks. Understanding the connection between the verb and the noun will help you build your vocabulary more quickly. At this level, 'esercitare' starts to appear in contexts like 'esercitare la memoria' (to exercise the memory), showing that you can use it for mental activities as well as physical ones. It is a step toward more sophisticated expression, moving beyond the most basic verbs of action.
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At the B1 level, you are expected to understand and use 'esercitare' in its most common professional and civic contexts. This is the level where the word really becomes useful. You should be able to discuss 'esercitare un diritto' (exercising a right), such as the right to vote or the right to privacy. This is crucial for participating in social and political conversations in Italian. You will also use 'esercitare' to talk about professional practice in a formal way. Instead of just saying someone 'is' a doctor, you can say they 'esercitano la professione di medico'. This sounds much more natural and professional. You will also encounter the word in more abstract phrases like 'esercitare un'influenza' (to exert an influence) or 'esercitare pressione' (to exert pressure). At B1, you should be able to navigate these different meanings comfortably, choosing between the transitive and reflexive forms based on the context. You will also start to see 'esercitare' in more complex grammatical structures, such as the conditional or the subjunctive: 'Spero che tu ti eserciti' (I hope that you practice). This level is about nuance—knowing that 'esercitare' is more formal than 'fare' and more specific than 'usare'. It is a key verb for anyone who wants to live or work in an Italian-speaking environment.
At the B2 level, your use of 'esercitare' should be precise and varied. You should be able to use it in legal, political, and academic contexts without hesitation. For example, you might discuss how a government 'esercita il potere' (exercises power) or how a company 'esercita il controllo' over a market. These are sophisticated concepts that require a firm grasp of the verb's transitive nature. You will also be familiar with more idiomatic or technical expressions, such as 'esercitare il diritto di recesso' (exercising the right of withdrawal) in consumer law. Your understanding of the reflexive 'esercitarsi' will also be deeper; you'll use it to describe intensive training or preparation for complex tasks. At B2, you should also be able to distinguish 'esercitare' from its synonyms like 'praticare' or 'svolgere' in almost all situations. You will use it in written Italian—essays, formal emails, or reports—where its formal tone is highly appropriate. You should also be comfortable with the passive voice: 'Il potere è esercitato dal popolo' (Power is exercised by the people). This level of mastery allows you to engage with high-level Italian media, such as editorials in 'Corriere della Sera' or 'La Repubblica', where 'esercitare' is a frequent and important term.
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At the C1 level, 'esercitare' is a tool for professional-grade communication. You understand the subtle connotations it carries in different registers. You can use it to describe the 'esercizio' of complex functions, such as 'esercitare la giurisdizione' (to exercise jurisdiction) or 'esercitare la potestà genitoriale' (to exercise parental authority). You are aware of the word's historical and etymological roots, which helps you understand its use in classical literature or legal history. Your use of the verb is not just grammatically correct but stylistically appropriate. You know when 'esercitare' provides the necessary weight to a sentence and when a simpler verb might be better. You can use it in rhetorical contexts, such as 'esercitare la virtù' (to practice virtue), showing an appreciation for the word's philosophical depth. Furthermore, you are adept at using the verb in all moods and tenses, including the most complex literary forms. You can discuss the nuances of how influence is 'esercitata' in social networks or international relations. At this level, the word is no longer a 'vocabulary item' to be remembered; it is a versatile instrument that you use to shape your expression with precision and elegance.
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At the C2 level, your command of 'esercitare' is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You use the word with total spontaneity across all possible domains, from the most technical legal treatises to the most nuanced literary prose. You understand and can use rare or archaic meanings of the word if necessary, and you are fully aware of its role in the evolution of the Italian language. You can play with the word's different meanings for rhetorical effect, perhaps using it in a metaphor about the 'esercizio' of thought or the 'esercizio' of freedom. You are also a master of the word's collocations, knowing exactly which nouns it pairs with most effectively in any given context. Whether you are drafting a legal document, delivering a keynote speech, or writing a novel, 'esercitare' is a word you use to convey authority, action, and discipline. You can also explain its nuances to others, acting as a bridge between cultures. At C2, 'esercitare' is part of your linguistic DNA, a testament to your deep immersion in the Italian language and culture. You recognize its presence in the works of great Italian thinkers and can contribute to discussions about its application in modern society with sophistication and insight.
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Beispiele

The Italian verb esercitare is a multi-faceted term that spans across various domains of life, from the legal and professional spheres to physical and cognitive development. At its core, it signifies the act of putting something into action, applying a specific power, or consistently performing a task to maintain or improve a skill. Unlike the English word 'exercise,' which often defaults to physical activity in a gym setting, 'esercitare' carries a weight of authority and formal application. When an Italian speaker uses this word, they are often referring to the active manifestation of a right, a duty, or a professional capacity. It is the bridge between possessing a capability and actually using it in the real world.

Professional Practice
In the context of careers, 'esercitare' is the standard verb for practicing a regulated profession such as medicine or law. It implies that the individual is not just working, but is doing so under a specific title and set of regulations.

Mio fratello ha finalmente ottenuto la licenza per esercitare la professione di avvocato.

Translation: My brother finally obtained the license to practice the profession of lawyer.

Beyond the professional realm, the word is indispensable in legal and civic discussions. To 'esercitare un diritto' means to exercise a right, such as the right to vote or the right to free speech. This usage highlights the active nature of citizenship in Italian culture. It is not enough to simply 'have' a right; one must 'exercise' it to make it meaningful. This nuance is crucial for learners to understand, as it distinguishes 'esercitare' from more passive verbs like 'avere' (to have) or 'possedere' (to possess).

È importante che ogni cittadino possa esercitare liberamente il proprio diritto di voto.

Influence and Pressure
Another common usage involves the application of abstract forces. One can 'esercitare pressione' (exert pressure) or 'esercitare un'influenza' (exert an influence) over someone or something. This can be physical, like a piston in a machine, or psychological, like a parent's influence on a child.

L'azienda ha cercato di esercitare una forte pressione sul mercato locale.

Finally, the reflexive form 'esercitarsi' is the go-to verb for training or practicing a skill. Whether you are practicing the piano, learning a new language, or training for a marathon, 'esercitarsi' describes the repetitive effort required to achieve mastery. It denotes a conscious, disciplined approach to self-improvement. In this sense, it aligns closely with the English 'to practice' or 'to train'.

Mi devo esercitare ogni giorno se voglio imparare bene l'italiano.

Cognitive Training
One can also 'esercitare la memoria' or 'esercitare la pazienza'. Here, the verb suggests a deliberate sharpening of mental faculties, treating the mind like a muscle that needs regular work to stay strong.

Leggere libri complessi aiuta a esercitare il pensiero critico.

In conclusion, 'esercitare' is a verb of action and manifestation. It moves from the abstract (rights, influence) to the concrete (medicine, piano) to the internal (memory, patience). Understanding its breadth allows a learner to sound more precise and sophisticated in their Italian communication, moving beyond simple verbs to the nuanced vocabulary used by native speakers in professional and civic life.

Using esercitare correctly requires an understanding of its transitive and reflexive structures. As a transitive verb, it takes a direct object—the thing being exercised or applied. This is the most common form in formal, legal, and professional contexts. For example, 'esercitare il potere' (to exercise power) or 'esercitare un'attività' (to carry out an activity). The structure is simple: [Subject] + [Conjugated Form of Esercitare] + [Direct Object].

Transitive Usage (Rights and Duties)
When talking about legal rights, the verb is almost always transitive. 'Il cittadino esercita il suo diritto.' Notice how there is no preposition between the verb and the object.

Il giudice deve esercitare la legge con imparzialità.

The judge must exercise the law with impartiality.

In the reflexive form, esercitarsi, the meaning shifts to personal practice or training. This requires reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si). The structure is: [Subject] + [Reflexive Pronoun] + [Conjugated Form of Esercitare]. Often, this is followed by the preposition 'a' (to) or 'in' (in) to specify what is being practiced. For example: 'Mi esercito a suonare la chitarra' (I practice playing the guitar) or 'Si esercitano nel salto in alto' (They practice the high jump).

Reflexive Usage (Training)
Use 'esercitarsi' when the action is directed back at the subject for the purpose of improvement. 'Dobbiamo esercitarci di più per l'esame.'

Gli atleti si esercitano duramente ogni mattina al campo sportivo.

A subtle but important use of 'esercitare' is with abstract qualities like patience or memory. Here, it functions transitively but refers to internal discipline. 'Bisogna esercitare la pazienza con i bambini' (One must practice/exercise patience with children). This usage suggests that patience is a skill that can be developed through repeated application, much like a muscle. It is more active than simply 'being' patient.

Abbiamo esercitato il nostro diritto di replica durante la riunione.

When referring to professions, 'esercitare' is often followed by 'la professione di' or 'la funzione di'. This is very formal. In casual conversation, you might say 'faccio il medico', but in an official document or a formal introduction, you would say 'esercito la professione di medico'. This distinction is key for learners aiming for professional fluency.

Per esercitare legalmente, occorre essere iscritti all'albo professionale.

Influence and Control
In political or social contexts, 'esercitare un controllo' (to exercise control) is a common phrase. It implies an active, ongoing monitoring or management of a situation.

Il governo esercita un controllo rigoroso sulle esportazioni di armi.

Finally, consider the negative or passive constructions. 'Non è stato possibile esercitare alcuna influenza' (It was not possible to exert any influence). This shows how the verb fits into complex sentence structures while maintaining its meaning of active application. By mastering these patterns, you will be able to use 'esercitare' with the same precision as a native speaker.

The word esercitare is a staple of Italian public life, appearing frequently in news broadcasts, legal proceedings, and professional environments. If you are watching an Italian news program (like TG1 or TG5), you will likely hear it in reports about politics or the judiciary. Phrases like 'esercitare il potere esecutivo' (to exercise executive power) or 'esercitare il mandato' (to exercise a mandate) are common when discussing the roles of government officials. This highlights the word's connection to official authority and the active performance of duties.

In the News
Journalists use 'esercitare' to describe how entities use their influence. 'La banca centrale esercita una pressione sui tassi di interesse.'

Il Presidente della Repubblica esercita le sue funzioni secondo la Costituzione.

The President of the Republic exercises his functions according to the Constitution.

In the world of work, particularly in regulated fields, you will hear 'esercitare' during discussions about licensing and ethics. A doctor might speak about 'esercitare la medicina' in a specific region, or a lawyer might discuss the 'esercizio della professione forense'. This terminology is used in official contracts, professional codes of conduct, and during university lectures in these fields. It distinguishes the formal act of practicing a profession from the mere act of working.

Professional Settings
In hospitals and law firms, the verb defines the legal right to provide services. 'È abilitato a esercitare in tutta Italia.'

Per esercitare come psicologo, devi superare l'esame di Stato.

The reflexive form 'esercitarsi' is omnipresent in educational and training environments. Walk into any music conservatory, and you will hear teachers telling students 'Dovete esercitarvi sulle scale' (You must practice your scales). In sports academies, coaches use it to describe technical drills, such as 'esercitarsi nei tiri liberi' (practicing free throws). It is the language of discipline and repetition, found in schools, gyms, and home practice sessions.

Gli studenti si esercitano ogni giorno per migliorare la pronuncia.

In daily life, you might encounter the word in more abstract conversations about personal growth or social dynamics. Someone might say 'Cerco di esercitare la mia creatività' (I try to exercise my creativity), treating a mental trait as something that needs regular use to remain sharp. It also appears in discussions about consumer rights, such as 'esercitare il diritto di recesso' (to exercise the right of withdrawal/return) when returning a purchase. This makes the word relevant even in mundane shopping scenarios.

Consumer Rights
When returning an item bought online, the legal term is 'esercitare il diritto di recesso' within 14 days.

Hai quattordici giorni per esercitare il tuo diritto di recesso dall'acquisto.

Whether in the high-stakes world of national politics, the disciplined halls of a music school, or the practical reality of returning a sweater, 'esercitare' is the word of choice for the active application of rights, skills, and influence. Hearing it signals that an action is being performed with purpose and within a specific framework.

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with esercitare is using it too broadly, especially as a direct translation for 'to exercise' in the context of physical fitness. In English, 'to exercise' is the standard way to say you are going for a run or lifting weights. In Italian, however, 'esercitare' (transitive) is almost never used this way. If you say 'Esercito ogni mattina,' a native speaker will wonder what you are exercising—your right to vote? Your influence? Your profession? To talk about physical exercise, you must use allenarsi (to train) or fare ginnastica (to do gymnastics/workout).

Mistake: Gym Context
Incorrect: 'Vado in palestra per esercitare.' Correct: 'Vado in palestra per allenarmi.'

Non diciamo 'vado a esercitare', ma 'vado ad allenarmi'.

Another common error involves the reflexive form. Learners often forget the reflexive pronoun when they mean 'to practice' a skill. For instance, saying 'Esercito il pianoforte' is grammatically possible but sounds like you are applying the piano as a tool of influence. The correct way to say you are practicing is 'Mi esercito al pianoforte.' The reflexive pronoun 'mi' indicates that the practice is for your own benefit and development.

Mistake: Missing Reflexive
Incorrect: 'Esercito l'italiano ogni giorno.' Correct: 'Mi esercito con l'italiano ogni giorno.'

Se vuoi migliorare, devi esercitarti con costanza.

Confusing 'esercitare' with 'praticare' is also a pitfall. While they overlap, 'praticare' is more common for sports (praticare il calcio) or hobbies. 'Esercitare' is more formal and often implies a legal or professional status. You 'praticano' a sport, but you 'esercitano' a profession like medicine. Using 'esercitare' for a casual hobby can sound overly stiff or even pretentious in the wrong context.

Mi piace esercitarmi a parlare in pubblico.

A final subtle mistake is the incorrect choice of auxiliary verb in compound tenses. Because 'esercitare' can be both transitive and reflexive, it changes its auxiliary. Transitive: 'Ho esercitato il mio potere' (I used 'avere'). Reflexive: 'Mi sono esercitato molto' (I used 'essere'). Using 'ho' for the reflexive form (ho esercitato-mi) is a classic learner error that immediately marks your speech as non-native.

Mistake: Auxiliary Verb
Incorrect: 'Mi ho esercitato.' Correct: 'Mi sono esercitato.'

L'avvocato ha esercitato pressioni sul testimone.

By avoiding these common traps—misusing it for the gym, forgetting the reflexive pronoun for skills, overusing it for hobbies, and messing up the auxiliary verb—you will use 'esercitare' with the precision of a native speaker and avoid the most common 'foreigner' mistakes.

To truly master esercitare, it's helpful to compare it with other verbs that occupy similar semantic space. While 'esercitare' is very versatile, Italian offers more specific alternatives for different contexts. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the most natural-sounding word for your specific situation.

Esercitare vs. Allenare
Allenare is strictly for sports and physical training. It implies a coach-athlete relationship or a structured fitness routine. Esercitare is broader, covering mental, professional, and legal 'practice'. You 'alleni' your muscles, but you 'eserciti' your memory.

L'allenatore allena la squadra, ma i giocatori devono esercitarsi individualmente.

Another close relative is praticare. While 'esercitare' is used for regulated professions (medicine, law), 'praticare' is used for sports (praticare lo yoga) or religious practices (praticare una religione). 'Praticare' suggests more of a lifestyle or a regular activity, whereas 'esercitare' emphasizes the formal application of a skill or right. You wouldn't usually say 'esercito lo yoga' unless you were a licensed instructor talking about your professional practice.

Esercitare vs. Praticare
Praticare is for hobbies, sports, and beliefs. Esercitare is for rights, influence, and formal professions. 'Pratico il buddismo' vs 'Esercito la professione medica'.

Mio zio pratica il tennis da vent'anni.

When talking about exerting influence or pressure, you might also use applicare (to apply) or impiegare (to employ/use). However, 'esercitare' is more common for abstract forces like 'influenza' or 'pressione'. 'Applicare' is better for rules, laws, or physical force in a technical sense (applicare una forza). 'Impiegare' is often used for time or resources (impiegare il tempo).

Esercitare vs. Svolgere
Svolgere means to carry out an activity or a task. It is very common in professional contexts: 'svolgere un compito' (to carry out a task). While you 'eserciti' a profession, you 'svolgi' the specific duties within that profession.

L'impiegato svolge le sue mansioni con precisione.

In summary, while 'esercitare' is a powerful and versatile verb, knowing when to use 'allenare' (sports), 'praticare' (hobbies/religion), or 'svolger' (tasks) will make your Italian sound much more natural. Each word carries a specific 'flavor' that native speakers recognize immediately. By selecting the right tool for the job, you demonstrate a deep understanding of the language's nuances.

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Beispiele nach Niveau

1

Mi esercito con l'italiano ogni giorno.

I practice Italian every day.

Reflexive verb 'esercitarsi'.

2

Tu ti eserciti a suonare il piano?

Do you practice playing the piano?

Second person singular reflexive.

3

Noi ci esercitiamo molto per l'esame.

We practice a lot for the exam.

First person plural reflexive.

4

Loro si esercitano a correre.

They practice running.

Third person plural reflexive.

5

Mi piace esercitarmi la mattina.

I like to practice in the morning.

Infinitive reflexive after 'piace'.

6

Vi esercitate con la chitarra?

Do you all practice with the guitar?

Second person plural reflexive.

7

Lui si esercita a scrivere bene.

He practices writing well.

Third person singular reflexive.

8

Dobbiamo esercitarci ogni sera.

We must practice every evening.

Modal verb + reflexive infinitive.

1

Il medico esercita in questo studio.

The doctor practices in this office.

Transitive 'esercitare' used for a profession.

2

Mi sono esercitato per due ore ieri.

I practiced for two hours yesterday.

Passato prossimo with 'essere' (reflexive).

3

Hai esercitato la tua memoria oggi?

Did you exercise your memory today?

Passato prossimo with 'avere' (transitive).

4

Si esercitavano sempre prima della gara.

They always practiced before the race.

Imperfect tense (reflexive).

5

Voglio esercitare il mio diritto di parlare.

I want to exercise my right to speak.

Transitive use with 'diritto'.

6

Ci siamo esercitati a parlare in italiano.

We practiced speaking in Italian.

Passato prossimo, first person plural.

7

Lei esercita la professione di avvocato.

She practices the profession of lawyer.

Standard phrase for professions.

8

Ti eserciterai domani pomeriggio?

Will you practice tomorrow afternoon?

Future tense (reflexive).

1

Devi esercitare il tuo diritto di voto.

You must exercise your right to vote.

Civic context.

2

L'insegnante esercita una grande influenza sugli studenti.

The teacher exerts a great influence on the students.

Abstract transitive use.

3

Si è esercitato duramente per superare il concorso.

He practiced hard to pass the competition.

Reflexive with 'essere' in past tense.

4

Non è facile esercitare la pazienza in queste situazioni.

It's not easy to exercise patience in these situations.

Using the verb with an abstract quality.

5

L'azienda esercita un controllo sui prezzi.

The company exercises control over prices.

Business context.

6

Mi eserciterei di più se avessi tempo.

I would practice more if I had time.

Present conditional.

7

Hanno esercitato pressioni per cambiare la legge.

They exerted pressure to change the law.

Transitive use with 'pressioni'.

8

È importante esercitarsi regolarmente per non dimenticare.

It's important to practice regularly so as not to forget.

Impersonal 'è importante' followed by infinitive.

1

Il governo esercita il potere esecutivo.

The government exercises executive power.

Political/Formal context.

2

L'avvocato esercita la professione da oltre vent'anni.

The lawyer has been practicing the profession for over twenty years.

Present tense indicating duration.

3

Abbiamo esercitato il diritto di recesso entro i termini.

We exercised the right of withdrawal within the terms.

Legal/Consumer context.

4

Esercitare la critica è fondamentale in una democrazia.

Exercising criticism is fundamental in a democracy.

Gerund-like use of infinitive as subject.

5

Si sono esercitati in varie discipline olimpiche.

They practiced in various Olympic disciplines.

Reflexive with 'in'.

6

La forza esercitata dal motore è impressionante.

The force exerted by the motor is impressive.

Past participle as adjective.

7

Bisogna esercitare un monitoraggio costante.

A constant monitoring must be exercised.

Abstract professional context.

8

Se avessero esercitato più cautela, non sarebbe successo.

If they had exercised more caution, it wouldn't have happened.

Past conditional in a hypothetical sentence.

1

Il magistrato esercita l'azione penale.

The magistrate exercises criminal action/prosecution.

Technical legal term.

2

L'opera esercita un fascino intramontabile sul pubblico.

The opera exerts a timeless charm on the audience.

Literary/Artistic context.

3

È necessario esercitare la propria autorità con saggezza.

It is necessary to exercise one's authority with wisdom.

Ethical/Formal context.

4

Si esercita nel dubbio metodico come un filosofo.

He practices methodical doubt like a philosopher.

Philosophical context.

5

La sovranità è esercitata nelle forme e nei limiti della Costituzione.

Sovereignty is exercised in the forms and limits of the Constitution.

Passive voice, constitutional language.

6

Nonostante l'età, continua a esercitare la sua arte.

Despite his age, he continues to practice his art.

Artistic/Professional context.

7

L'istituto esercita funzioni di vigilanza sul settore.

The institute exercises supervisory functions over the sector.

Institutional language.

8

Esercitando il suo carisma, riuscì a convincere tutti.

By exercising his charisma, he managed to convince everyone.

Gerund showing means.

1

Il monarca esercitava un potere assoluto e incontrollato.

The monarch exercised an absolute and uncontrolled power.

Historical/Narrative context.

2

L'esercitare la virtù richiede un impegno quotidiano.

Practicing virtue requires a daily commitment.

Substantivized infinitive.

3

La pressione esercitata dai mercati finanziari è insostenibile.

The pressure exerted by financial markets is unsustainable.

Economic/High-level context.

4

Qualora intendesse esercitare il riscatto, dovrà inviare una PEC.

Should you intend to exercise the redemption/buyout, you must send a PEC (certified email).

Formal bureaucratic/legal subjunctive.

5

Egli esercitava la sua verve polemica in ogni dibattito.

He exercised his polemical verve in every debate.

Literary/Character description.

6

L'influsso che il Rinascimento esercita ancora oggi è immenso.

The influence that the Renaissance still exerts today is immense.

Cultural/Historical context.

7

Si è esercitato un attento vaglio su tutte le candidature.

A careful scrutiny has been exercised over all candidacies.

Impersonal passive with 'si'.

8

L'arte di esercitare la diplomazia è andata perduta.

The art of practicing diplomacy has been lost.

Abstract philosophical statement.

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