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A2 noun #9,500 am häufigsten 10 Min. Lesezeit

퇴학

toehak Top 9,500

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Erklärung 퇴학 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that '퇴학' (Toehak) is a word related to school. It means being kicked out of school. You might hear it in simple stories or see it in very basic news headlines. Think of it as the opposite of '입학' (entering school). If a student is very bad and cannot go to school anymore, that is '퇴학'. It is a noun. You use it with '당하다' (to get/suffer) to say someone was expelled. For example: '그는 퇴학을 당했어요' (He was expelled). It is a very sad and serious word for a student. You don't need to use it often, but it's good to know it's a 'bad' school word.

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At the A2 level, you should understand that '퇴학' is a formal noun for expulsion. You should be able to distinguish it from '자퇴' (dropping out). Remember: '퇴학' is when the school says 'Go away,' and '자퇴' is when the student says 'I'm leaving.' You will often see this word combined with '당하다' (to be expelled) or '시키다' (to expel). In Korean culture, school is very important, so '퇴학' is a very strong word. It is usually the result of fighting or breaking big rules. You might encounter this word in simple Korean dramas about high school life. Try to remember the phrase '퇴학 처분' (expulsion measure), which is how schools officially say it.

At the B1 level, you can start using '퇴학' in more complex sentences and understand its social implications. You should know that '퇴학' is primarily for high schools and universities. In middle school, it's rare because education is compulsory. You should also understand the Hanja behind it: '퇴' (leave) and '학' (school). This helps you remember other words like '자퇴' or '복학' (returning to school). You can use it to describe plot points in books or movies: '주인공이 억울하게 퇴학 위기에 처했다' (The protagonist was unfairly put in a crisis of expulsion). Understanding the '위기' (crisis) part is key for B1 learners.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable with the administrative and legal nuances of '퇴학'. This includes knowing the phrase '퇴학 처분을 내리다' (to hand down an expulsion order) and '징계위원회' (disciplinary committee). You should be able to discuss the reasons for expulsion, such as '학교 폭력' (school violence) or '학사 경고 누적' (accumulated academic warnings). You should also be able to explain the difference between '퇴학' and '제적' (removal from the register) in a university context. At this level, you can participate in debates about whether expulsion is an effective punishment for teenagers.

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At the C1 level, you should understand the historical and deep societal weight of '퇴학'. You might read academic papers or news editorials discussing '퇴학' in the context of student rights and the '학생인권조례' (Student Human Rights Ordinance). You should recognize how '퇴학' was used historically against political activists and how that affects the word's connotation today. You can use the word in formal writing, such as an essay about educational reform. You should also be familiar with related legal terms like '퇴학 처분 취소 소송' (lawsuit to cancel an expulsion order), showing a high level of vocabulary integration.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '퇴학'. You can nuances the difference between '권고 퇴학' (recommended withdrawal, which is a 'soft' expulsion) and '강제 퇴학' (forced expulsion). You can use the word metaphorically or in highly specialized legal and academic discussions. You understand the administrative intricacies of how an expulsion affects a person's '생활기록부' (Student Record) for the rest of their life in the Korean job market. You can effortlessly switch between the colloquial '잘리다' (to be cut/fired/expelled) and the highly formal '퇴학 처분이 확정되다' (the expulsion measure was finalized).

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퇴학 in 30 Sekunden

퇴학 means school expulsion, the most severe disciplinary measure in Korea.
It is distinct from 자퇴 (voluntary dropout) and 정학 (temporary suspension).
Primarily applicable in high schools and universities; rare in compulsory education.
Carries significant social stigma and affects future academic and career prospects.

The Korean word 퇴학 (Toehak) is a noun that translates to school expulsion or dismissal. It is derived from two Hanja characters: 退 (Toi), meaning 'to retreat' or 'to leave,' and 學 (Hak), meaning 'study' or 'learning.' Therefore, the literal sense is 'leaving one's studies,' but in a modern legal and social context, it specifically refers to the involuntary and permanent removal of a student from an educational institution due to disciplinary issues, academic failure, or violation of school regulations.

Strict Discipline: In South Korea, education is highly prioritized, and '퇴학' is considered the ultimate and most severe disciplinary measure a school can take. It is far more serious than a simple suspension (정학) or a transfer recommendation (전학 권고).

그는 학교 규칙을 어겨서 퇴학을 당했다. (He was expelled from school for breaking the rules.)

Understanding '퇴학' requires looking at the Korean educational hierarchy. In elementary and middle school (which are compulsory in Korea), '퇴학' is legally restricted to ensure every child receives a basic education. However, in high school and university, '퇴학' is a very real possibility. It is often the central conflict in Korean dramas (K-Dramas) involving school violence (학교 폭력) or academic scandals. When a student is expelled, their record is permanently marked, which can significantly impact their future employment and social standing.

Legal Context: Universities use '퇴학' for academic reasons, such as failing to meet the minimum GPA requirements for several consecutive semesters, or for ethical violations like plagiarism.

성적 미달로 인한 퇴학 처분은 매우 엄격합니다. (Expulsion due to academic failure is very strict.)

It is important to distinguish '퇴학' from '자퇴' (voluntary withdrawal). While both result in leaving the school, '자퇴' is a choice made by the student or parents, whereas '퇴학' is a forced decision by the school administration. In many contexts, '퇴학' carries a heavy stigma that '자퇴' does not. For instance, a student might '자퇴' to focus on a music career or to study for the GED (검정고시), which is seen differently than being kicked out for bad behavior.

Administrative Procedure: Schools usually follow a multi-step process before reaching the '퇴학' stage, including warnings, parental consultations, and disciplinary committee meetings (징계위원회).

징계위원회는 그에게 퇴학을 명령했다. (The disciplinary committee ordered his expulsion.)

In summary, '퇴학' is a word loaded with gravity in the Korean language. It represents the end of a student's journey at a specific institution under negative circumstances. Whether discussed in the news regarding high-profile bullying cases or in academic settings regarding university policies, the word signals a definitive and serious administrative action that changes the course of a person's life.

Using '퇴학' correctly requires understanding the verbs that typically accompany it. Because '퇴학' is a noun representing an action taken by an authority, the sentence structure often reflects who is doing the expelling and who is receiving the punishment. The most common verb used with '퇴학' is 당하다 (to suffer/undergo), which creates the passive sense of being expelled.

Passive Usage (Being Expelled): When the focus is on the student receiving the punishment, use '퇴학을 당하다'. This is the most common way to express 'I was expelled' or 'He was expelled'.

민수는 싸움 끝에 결국 퇴학을 당하고 말았다. (Minsu ended up being expelled after the fight.)

For more formal or administrative contexts, the phrase 처분을 받다 (to receive a disposition/measure) is used. This is frequently found in news reports or official school documents. It sounds more clinical and objective than '당하다'.

Formal/Official Usage: '퇴학 처분을 받다' is used when describing the legal or procedural outcome of a disciplinary hearing.

해당 학생은 학교 폭력 가해자로 지목되어 퇴학 처분을 받았습니다. (The student in question was identified as a perpetrator of school violence and received an expulsion order.)

If you want to describe the school's action (the active voice), you use 시키다 (to make/force). '퇴학을 시키다' means 'to expel (someone)'. This is used when the school or the principal is the subject of the sentence.

학교 측은 그를 퇴학시키기로 결정했습니다. (The school side decided to expel him.)

Another important nuance is '퇴학 위기' (crisis of expulsion/on the verge of expulsion). This is common in storytelling where a character must do something to avoid being kicked out. It adds a sense of urgency and high stakes.

Descriptive Usage (State/Situation): '퇴학 위기에 처하다' means to be in a situation where expulsion is likely.

그는 성적이 너무 낮아서 퇴학 위기에 처해 있다. (He is on the verge of expulsion because his grades are too low.)

Finally, in university settings, you might hear '제적' (jejeok), which is a broader term for being removed from the registry, often including expulsion for non-payment of tuition or failing to return from a leave of absence. However, '퇴학' remains the standard term for disciplinary dismissal.

By mastering these patterns—당하다 for the victim, 시키다 for the authority, and 처분 for the official process—you can accurately describe any situation involving school dismissal in Korean.

The word 퇴학 (Toehak) is not a word used in casual daily conversation unless someone is discussing a specific, serious event. However, it is a staple in several specific domains of Korean life and media. Understanding these contexts will help you recognize the gravity and the specific nuances the word carries when it appears.

1. News and Media Reports: You will frequently hear '퇴학' in news segments regarding '학교 폭력' (school violence). When a severe case of bullying is uncovered, the public often calls for the '퇴학' of the perpetrators. News anchors will use phrases like '퇴학 조치' (expulsion measures) or '강제 퇴학' (forced expulsion).

뉴스는 가해 학생들에게 내려진 퇴학 결정을 보도했다. (The news reported the expulsion decision made for the perpetrator students.)

In these contexts, the word is used to signal social justice or the severity of a crime committed by a minor. It is a word that sparks intense public debate about whether students deserve a second chance or if they should be permanently removed from their school community.

2. K-Dramas and Webtoons: The 'school' genre is massive in Korean entertainment. '퇴학' is often used as a major plot device. A protagonist might be unfairly framed and face '퇴학', or a villain might finally get their comeuppance through '퇴학'. It represents the ultimate loss of status for a student character.

드라마에서 주인공은 퇴학 위기를 극복하고 진실을 밝혔다. (In the drama, the protagonist overcame the crisis of expulsion and revealed the truth.)

In these fictional settings, characters often scream, "퇴학시키겠어!" (I'll get you expelled!) or plead, "제발 퇴학만은 면하게 해주세요" (Please, just let me avoid expulsion). This highlights the emotional and life-altering nature of the word.

3. University Administrative Offices: If you study at a Korean university, you will see '퇴학' in the student handbook. There is '학사 경고' (academic warning), and if a student receives three or four of these, it leads to '학사 퇴학' (academic expulsion). This is a formal, bureaucratic use of the word.

Finally, you might hear it in historical contexts. During the democratic movements in Korea, many university students were '퇴학'ed for their political activism. In this sense, '퇴학' is sometimes viewed with a sense of sacrifice or honor by older generations who fought for democracy. This historical layer adds a complex dimension to an otherwise purely disciplinary term.

When learning Korean, words related to leaving school can be confusing because there are several terms that describe different ways of exiting an institution. The most common mistakes involve mixing up 퇴학 (Toehak) with 자퇴 (Jatoe), 휴학 (Hyuhak), and 정학 (Jeonghak).

Mistake 1: Confusing 퇴학 with 자퇴: This is the most frequent error. '자퇴' (自退) means 'voluntary withdrawal' or 'dropping out'. '퇴학' (退學) means 'expulsion'. If you say you were '퇴학'ed when you actually chose to leave, you are telling people you were kicked out for doing something wrong.

Incorrect: 저는 가수가 되고 싶어서 학교에서 퇴학을 당했어요. (I was expelled from school because I wanted to be a singer.)
Correct: 저는 가수가 되고 싶어서 학교를 자퇴했어요. (I dropped out of school because I wanted to be a singer.)

The difference is huge: '자퇴' is a personal choice, while '퇴학' is a forced punishment. Using the wrong one can lead to serious social misunderstandings.

Mistake 2: Confusing 퇴학 with 정학: '정학' (停學) means 'suspension'. The '정' (停) means 'to stop' or 'pause'. A suspended student can return to school after a certain period. '퇴학' is permanent. If a student is suspended for a week, they are '정학', not '퇴학'.

그는 일주일 동안 정학을 받았지, 퇴학은 아니에요. (He received a one-week suspension, not expulsion.)

Using '퇴학' when you mean '정학' exaggerates the situation significantly. It's like saying someone was fired when they were just given a few days off as a warning.

Mistake 3: Misusing with Compulsory Education: Technically, in Korea, elementary and middle school students cannot be '퇴학'ed because education is a constitutional right and duty. They can be '강제 전학' (forced to transfer), but not '퇴학'. Using '퇴학' for a 10-year-old is factually incorrect in a Korean context.

Finally, remember that '퇴학' is a very heavy word. Avoid using it jokingly unless the context is very clear. In the competitive Korean society, academic status is a sensitive topic, and using '퇴학' lightheartedly can sometimes come off as insensitive or confusing.

To truly master the concept of 퇴학 (Toehak), it's helpful to compare it with other terms that describe leaving or changing schools. Korean has a rich vocabulary for educational status, and choosing the right word depends on the reason for leaving and the level of school involved.

퇴학 (Expulsion) vs. 자퇴 (Voluntary Withdrawal): As discussed, '퇴학' is forced by the school, while '자퇴' is the student's own decision. '자퇴' is often used by students who want to pursue alternative education or careers.

퇴학 (Expulsion) vs. 제명 (Removal/Expulsion from a List): '제명' (除名) is a more general term meaning to remove someone's name from a register or membership list. It is used for political parties, clubs, or professional organizations. '퇴학' is specific to schools.

그는 정당에서 제명되었고, 학교에서는 퇴학을 당했다. (He was expelled from the political party and expelled from school.)

Another similar word is 출교 (Chulgyo). This specifically refers to being 'cast out' of a school, often used in religious institutions or in very high-profile university expulsions where the student is not only kicked out but also prohibited from ever re-entering or getting their records.

퇴학 (Expulsion) vs. 정학 (Suspension): '정학' is a temporary ban. There is '유기 정학' (suspension for a fixed period) and '무기 정학' (indefinite suspension). '퇴학' is the final step beyond indefinite suspension.

In university contexts, you will encounter 제적 (Jejeok). This is an administrative term for 'removal from the school register'. It includes '퇴학' (disciplinary expulsion) but also includes '미등록 제적' (removal for not paying tuition) and '미복학 제적' (removal for not returning from a leave of absence). '제적' is the broad category, and '퇴학' is a specific, usually negative, sub-type.

등록금을 내지 않으면 제적 처리가 됩니다. (If you don't pay tuition, you will be removed from the register.)

By knowing these alternatives, you can be much more precise. Use '퇴학' when talking about punishment, '자퇴' for personal choice, and '제적' for administrative removals at the university level.

How Formal Is It?

Wusstest du?

The Hanja '退' is the same 'toe' as in '퇴근' (leaving work) and '퇴직' (retirement). It always carries the sense of leaving a formal place or duty.

Aussprachehilfe

UK /tʰwe.ɦak̚/

US /tʰwe.ɦak̚/

Stress is equal on both syllables in Korean, but the first syllable '퇴' usually has a slightly higher pitch.

Reimt sich auf

대학 (Daehak - University) 수학 (Suhak - Math) 과학 (Gwahak - Science) 방학 (Banghak - Vacation) 유학 (Yuhak - Studying abroad) 철학 (Cheolhak - Philosophy) 문학 (Munhak - Literature) 의학 (Uihak - Medicine)

Häufige Fehler

Pronouncing '퇴' as 'toy'. It should be 't' + 'weh'.
Over-pronouncing the final 'k'. It should be a glottal stop (unreleased).
Merging the two syllables too quickly; ensure 'h' is slightly audible.
Confusing the vowel 'oe' (외) with 'ui' (의).
Pronouncing 't' without aspiration.

Schwierigkeitsgrad

Lesen 3/5

Easy to recognize in context, especially if you know 'HAK' (school).

Schreiben 4/5

Requires knowledge of Hanja-based verbs like '당하다' and '시키다'.

Sprechen 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward, but the weight of the word is heavy.

Hören 3/5

Common in news and dramas, easily distinguishable.

Was du als Nächstes lernen solltest

Voraussetzungen

학교 학생 공부 규칙 당하다

Als Nächstes lernen

징계 정학 자퇴 제적 복학

Fortgeschritten

학사 경고 교내 봉사 사회 봉사 생활기록부

Wichtige Grammatik

Passive with -당하다

그는 퇴학을 당했다. (He was expelled.)

Causative with -시키다

학교는 그를 퇴학시켰다. (The school expelled him.)

Noun + 처분 (Administrative measure)

퇴학 처분을 받다. (To receive an expulsion measure.)

Noun + 위기 (Crisis)

퇴학 위기에 처하다. (To face a crisis of expulsion.)

Hanja prefix/suffix '학' (School)

입학, 전학, 수학, 과학, 퇴학

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Beispiele nach Niveau

그 학생은 퇴학을 당했어요.

That student was expelled.

퇴학 (noun) + 당하다 (passive verb)

퇴학은 아주 나쁜 거예요.

Expulsion is a very bad thing.

퇴학 (subject) + 은 (topic particle)

선생님이 퇴학에 대해 말해요.

The teacher is talking about expulsion.

퇴학 (noun) + 에 대해 (about)

그는 퇴학하고 싶지 않아요.

He doesn't want to be expelled.

퇴학 (noun) + 하고 싶지 않다 (don't want to)

싸우면 퇴학을 당해요.

If you fight, you get expelled.

싸우면 (if you fight) + 퇴학 (noun)

그 학교는 퇴학이 없어요.

That school has no expulsions.

퇴학 (noun) + 이 없다 (to not have)

왜 퇴학을 당했나요?

Why were you expelled?

왜 (why) + 퇴학 (noun)

퇴학은 무서워요.

Expulsion is scary.

퇴학 (noun) + 무섭다 (to be scary)

학교 규칙을 어기면 퇴학을 당할 수 있습니다.

If you break school rules, you can be expelled.

-면 (if) + -을 수 있다 (can)

그는 결국 퇴학 처분을 받았습니다.

He eventually received an expulsion order.

처분을 받다 (to receive a measure/order)

퇴학 대신 정학을 받았어요.

I received a suspension instead of expulsion.

A 대신 B (B instead of A)

퇴학당한 친구가 보고 싶어요.

I miss my friend who was expelled.

퇴학당한 (past participle modifying friend)

교장 선생님이 퇴학을 결정했습니다.

The principal decided on the expulsion.

결정하다 (to decide)

퇴학은 고등학생에게 큰 문제예요.

Expulsion is a big problem for high schoolers.

-에게 (for/to) + 큰 문제 (big problem)

그는 퇴학 위기에서 벗어났어요.

He escaped the crisis of expulsion.

위기에서 벗어나다 (to escape from a crisis)

퇴학은 자퇴와 다릅니다.

Expulsion is different from dropping out.

A와/과 다르다 (to be different from A)

학교 폭력 가해자는 퇴학을 당해야 한다고 생각해요.

I think school violence perpetrators should be expelled.

-해야 한다고 생각하다 (to think one must/should)

성적 미달로 퇴학 위기에 처한 학생들이 많아요.

There are many students facing expulsion due to poor grades.

위기에 처하다 (to be in a crisis)

그는 퇴학을 당한 후 검정고시를 준비했습니다.

After being expelled, he prepared for the GED.

-한 후 (after doing)

퇴학 처분이 너무 가혹하다는 의견이 있습니다.

There is an opinion that the expulsion measure is too harsh.

-다는 의견이 있다 (there is an opinion that...)

부모님은 아들의 퇴학 소식에 충격을 받으셨다.

The parents were shocked by the news of their son's expulsion.

-에 충격을 받다 (to be shocked by)

퇴학 사유가 무엇인지 정확히 알고 싶습니다.

I want to know exactly what the reason for expulsion is.

사유 (reason) + -인지 (whether it is)

그는 퇴학당하지 않으려고 열심히 노력했어요.

He tried hard not to be expelled.

-지 않으려고 (in order not to)

퇴학 기록은 취업할 때 불리할 수 있어요.

An expulsion record can be disadvantageous when getting a job.

-할 때 (when doing) + 불리하다 (disadvantageous)

징계위원회는 회의 끝에 그를 퇴학시키기로 결의했다.

The disciplinary committee resolved to expel him after the meeting.

-기로 결의하다 (to resolve to do)

부정행위로 인한 퇴학은 대학에서 매우 흔한 일입니다.

Expulsion due to cheating is a very common occurrence in universities.

-로 인한 (due to)

그는 퇴학 처분에 불복하여 소송을 제기했습니다.

He appealed the expulsion measure and filed a lawsuit.

불복하다 (to appeal/dissented) + 소송을 제기하다 (to file a lawsuit)

학교는 그에게 자퇴를 권고했지만 그는 거절하고 퇴학을 택했다.

The school recommended he drop out, but he refused and chose expulsion.

권고하다 (to recommend) + 거절하다 (to refuse)

퇴학은 학생의 학습권을 박탈하는 행위라는 비판이 있다.

There is criticism that expulsion is an act of depriving a student of their right to learn.

박탈하다 (to deprive) + 행위 (act)

그는 무기 정학 끝에 결국 퇴학 조치를 받게 되었다.

After an indefinite suspension, he eventually received an expulsion measure.

무기 정학 (indefinite suspension) + -게 되다 (to end up)

대학 본부는 성적 불량자에 대한 퇴학 규정을 강화했다.

The university headquarters strengthened the expulsion regulations for those with poor grades.

규정 (regulation) + 강화하다 (to strengthen)

퇴학당한 학생들을 위한 대안 학교가 필요합니다.

Alternative schools for expelled students are necessary.

대안 학교 (alternative school) + 필요하다 (to be needed)

과거 독재 정권 시절, 많은 대학생들이 시위 도중 퇴학을 당했다.

During the past dictatorship, many university students were expelled during protests.

독재 정권 (dictatorship) + 시절 (times/era)

퇴학 처분의 정당성을 두고 학교와 학생 측의 갑론을박이 이어졌다.

A heated debate between the school and the student side continued over the legitimacy of the expulsion.

정당성 (legitimacy) + 갑론을박 (heated debate)

그는 퇴학이라는 극단적인 조치 대신 사회봉사를 제안했다.

He suggested community service instead of the extreme measure of expulsion.

극단적인 (extreme) + 제안하다 (to suggest)

학칙에 따르면 마약 복용은 즉각적인 퇴학 사유에 해당한다.

According to school regulations, drug use constitutes grounds for immediate expulsion.

학칙 (school rules) + 해당하다 (to correspond to/constitute)

퇴학은 청소년의 사회적 고립을 심화시킬 우려가 크다.

There is a high concern that expulsion will deepen the social isolation of adolescents.

사회적 고립 (social isolation) + 심화시키다 (to deepen)

재판부는 학교 측의 퇴학 처분이 재량권을 남용했다고 판결했다.

The court ruled that the school's expulsion measure abused its discretionary power.

재량권 (discretionary power) + 남용하다 (to abuse)

명예 퇴학은 징계와는 달리 명예로운 죽음이나 업적을 기리기 위해 행해진다.

Unlike disciplinary expulsion, honorary 'expulsion' (posthumous removal) is done to honor a death or achievement (Note: rare term).

기리기 위해 (in order to honor)

퇴학 제도의 존폐를 둘러싼 교육계의 논의가 활발하다.

Discussions in the educational circles surrounding the abolition or retention of the expulsion system are active.

존폐 (existence or abolition) + 둘러싼 (surrounding)

퇴학이라는 낙인은 한 개인의 생애 전반에 걸쳐 지대한 영향을 미친다.

The stigma of expulsion has a profound impact across an individual's entire life.

낙인 (stigma) + 지대한 영향 (profound impact)

그의 퇴학은 단순한 징계를 넘어 정치적 탄압의 일환으로 해석되었다.

His expulsion was interpreted as part of political suppression, beyond simple discipline.

탄압 (suppression) + 일환 (a part of)

교육적 차원에서의 선도보다 퇴학이라는 행정 편의적 수단이 남발되고 있다.

Administrative convenience measures like expulsion are being overused rather than guidance from an educational perspective.

행정 편의적 (administrative convenience) + 남발되다 (to be overused)

퇴학 처분에 대한 사법 심사는 학교의 자율성을 존중하는 범위 내에서 이루어진다.

Judicial review of expulsion measures is conducted within the scope of respecting the school's autonomy.

사법 심사 (judicial review) + 자율성 (autonomy)

그는 퇴학의 아픔을 딛고 자수성가한 인물로 널리 알려져 있다.

He is widely known as a self-made man who overcame the pain of expulsion.

딛고 (stepping on/overcoming) + 자수성가 (self-made success)

대학의 학사 관리 엄정화 방안으로 퇴학 기준이 대폭 상향 조정되었다.

As a plan to strictly manage university academic affairs, the expulsion criteria have been significantly raised.

엄정화 (making strict) + 상향 조정 (upward adjustment)

퇴학은 학생과 학교 간의 교육 계약이 파기됨을 의미하는 법적 행위이다.

Expulsion is a legal act signifying the termination of the educational contract between the student and the school.

파기됨 (being terminated/destroyed) + 의미하다 (to mean)

징계권의 행사가 퇴학에 이를 때는 비례의 원칙이 엄격히 준수되어야 한다.

When the exercise of disciplinary power reaches expulsion, the principle of proportionality must be strictly observed.

비례의 원칙 (principle of proportionality) + 준수되다 (to be observed)

Häufige Kollokationen

퇴학을 당하다

퇴학을 시키다

퇴학 처분

퇴학 위기

강제 퇴학

학사 퇴학

퇴학 사유

퇴학 명령

퇴학 조치

퇴학 증명서

Häufige Phrasen

퇴학을 면하다

— To narrowly avoid being expelled.

간신히 퇴학을 면했다.

퇴학당할 뻔하다

— To almost be expelled.

그 일로 퇴학당할 뻔했어.

퇴학 결정을 내리다

— To make a decision to expel.

학교는 퇴학 결정을 내렸다.

퇴학 처분을 취소하다

— To cancel an expulsion order.

소송을 통해 퇴학 처분을 취소했다.

퇴학을 권고하다

— To recommend expulsion (often as a way to let them '자퇴' instead).

학교는 그에게 퇴학을 권고했다.

퇴학이 확정되다

— For an expulsion to be finalized.

어제 그의 퇴학이 확정되었다.

퇴학 사유서

— A document explaining the reasons for expulsion.

퇴학 사유서를 제출했다.

퇴학 위기에 몰리다

— To be driven into a crisis of expulsion.

그는 퇴학 위기에 몰렸다.

퇴학을 불사하다

— To not hesitate to face expulsion (for a cause).

그는 퇴학을 불사하고 시위에 참여했다.

퇴학의 아픔

— The pain of being expelled.

퇴학의 아픔을 딛고 일어섰다.

Wird oft verwechselt mit

퇴학 vs 자퇴

자퇴 is voluntary (dropping out); 퇴학 is forced (expulsion).

퇴학 vs 정학

정학 is temporary (suspension); 퇴학 is permanent (expulsion).

퇴학 vs 전학

전학 is transferring schools; sometimes forced (강제 전학) but not as severe as 퇴학.

Redewendungen & Ausdrücke

"학교 문턱을 넘지 못하다"

— Literally 'cannot cross the school threshold'; often used to mean being unable to attend or finish school due to things like expulsion.

그는 퇴학 후 다시는 학교 문턱을 넘지 못했다.

Metaphorical

"빨간 줄이 가다"

— To have a 'red line' drawn (on one's record); refers to having a criminal record or a serious disciplinary mark like expulsion.

퇴학당하면 인생에 빨간 줄이 가는 거야.

Slang/Informal

"낙인 찍히다"

— To be branded or stigmatized.

그는 퇴학자로 낙인 찍혔다.

Common

"짐을 싸다"

— To pack one's bags; often used when someone is forced to leave school or a job.

퇴학 처분을 받고 학교에서 짐을 쌌다.

Colloquial

"물러나다"

— To step back/down; a polite way to say someone had to leave school.

그는 불미스러운 일로 학교에서 물러났다.

Euphemism

"학업을 중단하다"

— To stop one's studies; a formal way to describe leaving school, including expulsion.

그는 퇴학으로 인해 학업을 중단했다.

Formal

"교문을 나서다"

— To leave the school gate; can mean graduation, but in sad contexts, it means leaving for the last time after expulsion.

그는 눈물을 흘리며 교문을 나섰다.

Literary

"제적을 당하다"

— Equivalent to being expelled in a university context.

그는 성적 미달로 제적을 당했다.

Academic

"명단에서 빠지다"

— To be removed from the list.

그는 퇴학 후 학생 명단에서 빠졌다.

Neutral

"길거리에 나앉다"

— To be out on the street; used when expulsion leads to a lack of future/support.

퇴학당하면 길거리에 나앉게 될지도 몰라.

Informal/Exaggeration

Leicht verwechselbar

퇴학 vs 자퇴

Both involve leaving school.

Agency: 자퇴 is student-led, 퇴학 is school-led.

가수가 되려고 자퇴했어요 (I dropped out to be a singer) vs. 사고를 쳐서 퇴학당했어요 (I was expelled for causing trouble).

퇴학 vs 제적

Both mean being removed from the school list.

Scope: 제적 is a broad administrative term; 퇴학 is a specific disciplinary or academic sub-type.

등록금 미납으로 제적되었다 (Removed for non-payment) vs. 폭력으로 퇴학당했다 (Expelled for violence).

퇴학 vs 휴학

Both involve not being in school.

Duration: 휴학 is a temporary leave of absence with the intent to return.

군대에 가려고 휴학했어요 (I took a leave to go to the army).

퇴학 vs 방학

Both end in '학'.

Meaning: 방학 is a scheduled school vacation.

여름 방학이 기다려져요 (I'm waiting for summer vacation).

퇴학 vs 입학

Antonym.

Meaning: 입학 is entering school.

입학식에 부모님이 오셨어요 (My parents came to the entrance ceremony).

Satzmuster

N은/는 퇴학을 당했어요.

민수는 퇴학을 당했어요.

N 때문에 퇴학 위기에 처했어요.

성적 때문에 퇴학 위기에 처했어요.

N을/를 퇴학시키기로 했어요.

그 학생을 퇴학시키기로 했어요.

퇴학 처분이 내려졌습니다.

결국 퇴학 처분이 내려졌습니다.

퇴학 대신 N-을/를 제안하다.

퇴학 대신 정학을 제안하다.

퇴학이라는 극단적 조치.

퇴학이라는 극단적 조치는 피해야 합니다.

퇴학 처분에 불복하다.

그는 퇴학 처분에 불복하여 항소했다.

퇴학은 학습권 박탈의 일환이다.

퇴학은 학습권 박탈의 일환으로 간주될 수 있다.

Wortfamilie

Substantive

퇴학생 (Expelled student)

자퇴 (Voluntary withdrawal)

정학 (Suspension)

휴학 (Leave of absence)

Verben

퇴학하다 (To leave school/be expelled)

퇴학시키다 (To expel)

퇴학당하다 (To be expelled)

Adjektive

퇴학적인 (Relating to expulsion - rare)

Verwandt

학교 (School)

징계 (Discipline)

학생 (Student)

교칙 (School rules)

생활기록부 (Student record)

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frequency

Medium-Low in daily speech, High in media and drama.

Häufige Fehler

Using '퇴학하다' to mean 'dropped out'. → 자퇴하다
If you chose to leave, it's '자퇴'. '퇴학' implies you were forced out for doing something wrong.
Saying '퇴학을 받았어요'. → 퇴학 처분을 받았어요 / 퇴학당했어요
In Korean, you don't 'receive an expulsion' like a gift; you 'suffer' it (당하다) or receive a 'measure' (처분).
Using '퇴학' for a primary school student. → 강제 전학 (Forced transfer)
Legally, primary school students cannot be expelled in Korea due to compulsory education laws.
Confusing '퇴학' with '퇴직'. → 퇴학 (School) / 퇴직 (Work)
Both use 'Toe' (leaving), but 'Hak' is for school and 'Jik' is for jobs/office.
Pronouncing '퇴' as 't-oo-ee'. → T-weh
The vowel 'oe' is pronounced like 'weh' in 'wet'.

Tipps

Passive Construction

Always remember that '퇴학' is the noun. If you want to say 'He was expelled', use '퇴학을 당했다'. Using '퇴학했다' alone can sometimes be interpreted as 'he left school' (ambiguous agency).

Stigma

In Korea, the word '퇴학' carries a much heavier social stigma than 'dropping out' does in many Western countries. It suggests a serious moral or academic failing.

Hanja Power

Learn the 'Toe' (退) in 'Toehak'. You will see it in 'Toe-geun' (leaving work) and 'Toe-won' (leaving the hospital). It always means 'exiting' or 'leaving'.

University Context

In universities, use '제적' for general administrative removal and '퇴학' specifically for disciplinary cases to sound more like a native speaker.

Drama Cliché

When you hear '퇴학' in a drama, it's a signal that the plot is reaching a peak conflict. It is the 'ultimate weapon' used by school villains.

Compulsory Education

Remember that '퇴학' is legally impossible for elementary and middle school students in Korea. If you hear it used for them, it's either a mistake or hyperbole.

Formal Documents

In formal letters, the phrase '퇴학 처분' (expulsion measure) is preferred over just '퇴학' to maintain an official tone.

Slang Alternative

The verb '잘리다' (to be cut) is very common in casual speech: '나 학교에서 잘렸어' means 'I got kicked out of school'.

Association

Associate 'Toehak' with 'Toegang' (dropping a class) - both involve 'Toe' (leaving) something academic.

Sensitivity

Avoid joking about '퇴학' with Korean students unless you are very close friends, as academic pressure is a serious topic.

Einprägen

Eselsbrücke

Think of 'TOE' (퇴) as someone's 'toe' stepping out of the 'HAK' (학 - school). Their toe is out, so they are out of the school!

Visuelle Assoziation

Imagine a student being pushed out of a school gate, and the gate is a giant Hanja character '學'.

Word Web

학교 (School) 징계 (Discipline) 싸움 (Fight) 성적 (Grades) 퇴학 (Expulsion) 교장 (Principal) 부모님 (Parents) 슬픔 (Sadness)

Herausforderung

Try to use '퇴학' and '자퇴' in the same sentence to explain why they are different.

Wortherkunft

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja).

Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 退 (To retreat/leave) + 學 (To learn/school).

Sino-Korean

Kultureller Kontext

Be careful when discussing this with Korean students; it's a sensitive and potentially traumatic topic for some.

In the US/UK, 'expulsion' is serious but often seen as an opportunity to change schools or environments. In Korea, it is much harder to 'start over' after an expulsion.

The K-Drama 'The Glory' features severe school violence leading to disciplinary threats. Many 1980s activists like Roh Hoe-chan were expelled for political reasons. The webtoon/drama 'Itaewon Class' begins with the protagonist being expelled for punching a bully.

Im Alltag üben

Kontexte aus dem Alltag

News Reporting

학교 폭력 가해자 퇴학
퇴학 조치 강화
퇴학 처분 취소
강제 퇴학 논란

School Administration

퇴학 처분을 통보하다
퇴학 사유서 제출
징계위원회 회의
학사 퇴학 기준

Drama/Fiction

퇴학시키겠어!
제발 퇴학만은...
퇴학 위기 극복
억울한 퇴학

Legal Discussions

퇴학 처분 무효 소송
재량권 남용
학습권 침해
징계의 정당성

University Life

학사 경고 누적
성적 미달 퇴학
재입학 절차
제적 처리

Gesprächseinstiege

"한국 드라마에서 퇴학 장면을 본 적이 있나요? (Have you ever seen an expulsion scene in a K-drama?)"

"학교에서 퇴학을 당하는 가장 큰 이유가 뭐라고 생각하세요? (What do you think is the biggest reason for being expelled from school?)"

"퇴학 처분이 학생에게 너무 가혹하다고 생각하시나요? (Do you think expulsion is too harsh for students?)"

"만약 친구가 퇴학 위기에 처한다면 어떻게 도와줄 거예요? (If a friend was facing expulsion, how would you help them?)"

"미국과 한국의 퇴학 제도는 어떻게 다른가요? (How are the expulsion systems in the US and Korea different?)"

Tagebuch-Impulse

내가 만약 학교 교장이라면, 어떤 경우에 학생을 퇴학시킬지 써보세요. (If I were a school principal, write about in what cases I would expel a student.)

퇴학이 한 사람의 인생에 미치는 영향에 대해 자신의 생각을 정리해 보세요. (Organize your thoughts on the impact of expulsion on a person's life.)

드라마 속에서 본 '억울한 퇴학' 이야기가 있다면 그것에 대해 써보세요. (If there is a story of an 'unfair expulsion' you saw in a drama, write about it.)

퇴학 대신 선택할 수 있는 더 좋은 교육적 징계는 무엇일까요? (What would be a better educational discipline that could be chosen instead of expulsion?)

한국의 치열한 입시 문화와 퇴학의 공포에 대해 수필을 써보세요. (Write an essay about Korea's intense entrance exam culture and the fear of expulsion.)

Häufig gestellte Fragen

10 Fragen

아니요, 한국에서 초등학교와 중학교는 의무 교육이기 때문에 퇴학을 시킬 수 없습니다. 대신 '강제 전학' 등의 다른 징계가 내려집니다.

매우 어렵습니다. 특히 고등학교의 경우 다른 학교에서 받아주지 않는 경우가 많아 검정고시를 치르는 경우가 일반적입니다.

자퇴는 '자발적 의사'로 기록되지만, 퇴학은 '징계'로 기록되어 평생 남게 되며 취업이나 진학 시 불이익을 받을 수 있습니다.

학교 규정에 따라 다르지만, 보통 일정 기간이 지난 후 심사를 거쳐 1회에 한해 재입학을 허용하는 경우가 많습니다.

성적이 너무 낮아(예: GPA 1.5 미만) 학칙에 따라 자동으로 제적되는 것을 말합니다. 징계 퇴학과는 성격이 다릅니다.

네, 교육청에 재심을 청구하거나 행정 소송을 통해 처분의 부당함을 증명하면 취소될 수 있습니다.

한국 사회에서 학벌과 학교생활이 가지는 비중이 매우 크기 때문에, 퇴학은 주인공에게 가장 큰 시련이나 위기를 상징하기 때문입니다.

네, 가능합니다. 많은 퇴학 또는 자퇴 학생들이 검정고시(GED equivalent)를 통해 수능을 보고 대학에 진학합니다.

물러날 퇴(退)와 배울 학(學)을 사용하며, 배움의 자리에서 물러난다는 뜻입니다.

무기 정학은 기간을 정하지 않고 학교 출석을 금지하는 것이지만 학생 신분은 유지됩니다. 퇴학은 학생 신분 자체가 사라지는 것입니다.

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