지난달
When talking about time in Korean, you'll often see words like '지난' (jinan), meaning 'last' or 'past.' So, '지난달' (jinandal) literally translates to 'last month.' It's a straightforward way to refer to the month that just passed.
For example, if it's currently October, '지난달' would refer to September. You can use it in sentences like "지난달에 한국에 갔어요" (I went to Korea last month) to indicate when an event occurred.
It's a very common and practical phrase to know for discussing past events and timelines.
§ Korean Word: 지난달 (jinandal)
- Korean Word
- 지난달
- Romanization
- jinandal
- Part of Speech
- Noun
- CEFR Level
- A1
- Definition
- Last month
§ Understanding 지난달
Hello learners! Today, let's learn a super useful Korean word for talking about time: 지난달 (jinandal). This simply means 'last month'. You'll use it all the time to talk about things that happened recently.
§ Examples with 지난달
지난달에 한국에 갔어요. (I went to Korea last month.)
지난달부터 한국어를 공부하고 있어요. (I've been studying Korean since last month.)
지난달은 정말 바빴어요. (Last month was really busy.)
§ Similar words and when to use this one vs alternatives
Korean has several ways to talk about time, and it's good to know the nuances. For 'last month', 지난달 is your go-to word. However, you might also hear or see other phrases related to past months or general past time. Let's break them down.
지난달 (jinandal): This is the most direct and common way to say 'last month'. It refers specifically to the month that just passed.
지난달에 시험이 있었어요. (There was an exam last month.)
지난 + [Month Name] (e.g., 지난 5월 - jinan owol): You can also specify the actual month. This is used when you want to be precise about which past month you're talking about, especially if 'last month' isn't clear in context (e.g., if you're already talking about events from two months ago, and then refer to a specific month before that).
지난 3월에 졸업했어요. (I graduated in last March.)
저번 달 (jeobon dal): This is another common way to say 'last month' and is largely interchangeable with 지난달. It has a very similar meaning and usage. You can use either, but 지난달 is often considered slightly more formal or standard, while 저번 달 can feel a bit more conversational.
저번 달에 그 영화를 봤어요. (I saw that movie last month.)
지난해 / 작년 (jinanhae / jaknyeon): These mean 'last year'. While not 'last month', they are part of the '지난' (jinan - past) family of words and are good to know for expressing past time frames. 작년 is more common in everyday speech.
작년에 대학교에 입학했어요. (I entered university last year.)
지난주 (jinanju): This means 'last week'. Just like 지난달, it uses the '지난' prefix.
지난주에 친구를 만났어요. (I met a friend last week.)
In summary, when you just want to refer to the month that immediately preceded the current one, 지난달 is your best and most natural choice. If you want to specify a particular month in the past, use '지난' followed by the month name. Keep practicing these time expressions to make your Korean sound more natural!
How Formal Is It?
"저희는 지난달에 회의를 개최했습니다. (We held a meeting last month.)"
"지난달에 이사했어요. (I moved last month.)"
"지난달에 뭐 했어? (What did you do last month?)"
"지난달에 엄마랑 놀러 갔지! (We went out to play with Mom last month!)"
Aussprachehilfe
- pronouncing '달' with a hard 'd' sound instead of a soft 'd' sound
Beispiele nach Niveau
지난달에 여행을 갔어요.
I went on a trip last month.
지난달부터 한국어를 배우기 시작했어요.
I started learning Korean last month.
지난달에 그 영화를 봤어요.
I saw that movie last month.
지난달에 우리는 새로운 프로젝트를 시작했습니다.
We started a new project last month.
지난달에 친구와 맛있는 저녁을 먹었어요.
I had a delicious dinner with a friend last month.
지난달에 읽었던 책이 정말 좋았어요.
The book I read last month was really good.
지난달에 중요한 시험이 있었어요.
I had an important exam last month.
지난달에 날씨가 매우 추웠어요.
The weather was very cold last month.
Grammatikmuster
Satzmuster
지난달에 [event] 있었어요.
지난달에 한국에 갔어요. (I went to Korea last month.)
지난달에 [activity] 했어요.
지난달에 친구 만났어요. (I met a friend last month.)
저는 지난달부터 [state] 상태예요.
저는 지난달부터 바쁜 상태예요. (I've been busy since last month.)
지난달은 [description]였어요.
지난달은 정말 더웠어요. (Last month was really hot.)
지난달에 [something]을/를 구매했어요.
지난달에 새 옷을 구매했어요. (I bought new clothes last month.)
지난달에 [place]에 방문했어요.
지난달에 서울에 방문했어요. (I visited Seoul last month.)
지난달에 [feeling]을/를 느꼈어요.
지난달에 행복함을 느꼈어요. (I felt happy last month.)
지난달에 [time]에 일어났어요.
지난달에 많은 일이 일어났어요. (Many things happened last month.)
Häufig gestellte Fragen
10 FragenYou can use '지난달' just like 'last month' in English. For example, '저는 지난달에 한국에 갔어요.' means 'I went to Korea last month.' The particle '에' is often attached to indicate time.
Yes, '지난달' specifically refers to the month directly preceding the current month. If it's July now, '지난달' is June.
'지난달' is quite standard and can be used in most situations, both formal and informal. There isn't a significantly more formal or informal alternative that is commonly used for just 'last month'.
They mean the same thing: 'last month'. '저번 달' is also commonly used and is a perfectly acceptable alternative. Both are very natural in everyday conversation.
For 'next month,' you can say '다음 달' (da-eum dal). For 'this month,' you can say '이번 달' (i-beon dal).
You can use '지난달' to specify a period, but when you want to mention a specific date, you'd typically combine it with the date. For example, '지난달 15일' (jinan dal sip-o-il) means 'the 15th of last month'.
A common mistake is forgetting to add the time particle '에' when needed, especially when indicating the time an action occurred. For instance, '저는 지난달 한국에 갔어요.' is more natural than just '저는 지난달 한국 갔어요.'
You can ask, '지난달에 뭐 했어요?' (Jinan-dal-e mwo haesseoyo?). This translates directly to 'What did you do last month?'
Yes, '지난달' by definition refers to a past time period, so it's always used when talking about events that have already occurred.
While '지난달' means 'last month' in a general sense, if you want to specify 'last April,' you would say '작년 4월' (jaknyeon sa-wol), which means 'last year's April' or 'April of last year.' You wouldn't typically use '지난달' to refer to a specific past month by name.
Teste dich selbst 60 Fragen
The speaker went to Korea.
The speaker read a book.
The speaker took a test.
Read this aloud:
지난달에 무엇을 했어요?
Focus: 지난달에
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
저는 지난달에 제주도에 여행을 갔어요.
Focus: 제주도에 여행을 갔어요
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
지난달에 바빴어요?
Focus: 바빴어요?
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a sentence describing something you did last month using '지난달'.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
지난달에 저는 한국어를 공부했어요. (Last month, I studied Korean.)
Imagine you are talking to a friend. Write a short sentence asking them about something they did last month.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
지난달에 뭐 했어요? (What did you do last month?)
Complete the sentence: '저는 지난달에...' (I last month...). Write about an activity you did.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
저는 지난달에 제주도에 갔어요. (I went to Jeju Island last month.)
What did the person do last month?
Read this passage:
지난달은 정말 바빴어요. 저는 지난달에 회사에서 새로운 프로젝트를 시작했어요. 그리고 주말마다 친구들을 만났어요. 그래서 지난달에 많이 피곤했어요.
What did the person do last month?
The passage states '저는 지난달에 회사에서 새로운 프로젝트를 시작했어요. 그리고 주말마다 친구들을 만났어요.'
The passage states '저는 지난달에 회사에서 새로운 프로젝트를 시작했어요. 그리고 주말마다 친구들을 만났어요.'
What was the weather like last month according to the passage?
Read this passage:
지난달에 날씨가 좋았어요. 그래서 저는 지난달에 자주 공원에 갔어요. 그리고 맛있는 음식을 많이 먹었어요.
What was the weather like last month according to the passage?
The passage says '지난달에 날씨가 좋았어요.'
The passage says '지난달에 날씨가 좋았어요.'
Why was the person's younger sister busy last month?
Read this passage:
저의 여동생은 지난달에 시험이 있었어요. 그래서 지난달에 도서관에서 매일 공부했어요. 지금은 시험이 끝나서 아주 행복해요.
Why was the person's younger sister busy last month?
The passage states '저의 여동생은 지난달에 시험이 있었어요.'
The passage states '저의 여동생은 지난달에 시험이 있었어요.'
This sentence structure is Subject-Time-Place-Verb. '저는' (I) is the subject, '지난달에' (last month) is the time, '한국에' (to Korea) is the place, and '갔습니다' (went) is the verb.
The typical Korean sentence order is Time-Object-Adverb-Verb. '지난달에' (last month) is the time, '책을' (books) is the object, '많이' (a lot) is an adverb, and '읽었어요' (read) is the verb. In this case, the subject is omitted but understood.
The order is Determiner-Object-Time-Verb-Question particle. '그' (that) determines '영화를' (movie), '지난달에' (last month) is the time, and '봤어요?' (did you see?) is the verb and question.
저는 ___ 서울에 여행 갔어요. (I traveled to Seoul last month.)
To say 'last month,' use '지난달.' '이번 달' is 'this month,' '다음 달' is 'next month,' and '매달' is 'every month.'
___에 한국어를 배우기 시작했어요. (I started learning Korean last month.)
The sentence indicates an action that began in the past, so '지난달' (last month) is the appropriate choice. '내년' means 'next year,' '어제' means 'yesterday,' and '오늘' means 'today.'
___ 그 책을 다 읽었어요. (I finished reading that book last month.)
The verb '읽었어요' (finished reading) is in the past tense, making '지난달' (last month) the correct temporal adverb. '지금' means 'now,' '항상' means 'always,' and '곧' means 'soon.'
우리는 ___ 제주도에서 좋은 시간을 보냈어요. (We had a good time in Jeju Island last month.)
'보냈어요' (spent) is in the past tense, so '지난달' (last month) is the correct option to describe when the action occurred. '내일' is 'tomorrow,' '모레' is 'the day after tomorrow,' and '작년' is 'last year.'
그 프로젝트는 ___ 마무리되었습니다. (That project was completed last month.)
The verb '마무리되었습니다' (was completed) indicates a past action, thus '지난달' (last month) is the most suitable answer. '다음 주' means 'next week,' '오늘' means 'today,' and '이번 주' means 'this week.'
___ 친구와 함께 영화를 봤어요. (I watched a movie with a friend last month.)
The verb '봤어요' (watched) is in the past tense, making '지난달' (last month) the appropriate time frame for the action. '매일' means 'every day,' '어제' means 'yesterday,' and '다음 주말' means 'next weekend.'
What did they plan last month?
What was interesting last month?
When did she start learning Korean?
Read this aloud:
지난달에 무엇을 하셨어요?
Focus: 지-난-달-에 무-엇-을 하-셨-서-요
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
지난달에 저는 친구들과 부산에 갔어요.
Focus: 지-난-달-에 저-는 친-구-들-과 부-산-에 갔-서-요
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
지난달에 제가 가장 좋아하는 영화를 봤어요.
Focus: 지-난-달-에 제-가 가-장 좋-아-하-는 영-화-를 봤-서-요
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Write a short paragraph about something interesting that happened to you last month. Use '지난달' at least once.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
지난달에 저는 친구들과 함께 바다에 갔어요. 날씨가 정말 좋았고, 맛있는 해산물도 많이 먹었어요. 지난달은 정말 기억에 남는 달이었어요.
Imagine you are making plans with a friend. Write three sentences using '지난달' to explain why you couldn't meet last month and suggest meeting this month instead.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
미안해, 지난달에는 정말 바빴어. 그래서 지난달에 너를 못 만났어. 이번 달에 꼭 만나자!
Describe a goal you achieved last month. Include '지난달' in your description.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
지난달에 저는 한국어 시험에 합격하는 목표를 세웠어요. 매일 열심히 공부했고, 마침내 지난달 말에 목표를 달성했어요. 정말 뿌듯했어요.
지난달에 글쓴이는 어디로 여행을 갔나요?
Read this passage:
지난달에 저는 서울로 여행을 갔습니다. 날씨가 좋아서 여러 곳을 구경할 수 있었습니다. 특히, 경복궁이 가장 인상 깊었습니다. 지난달은 정말 즐거운 여행이었습니다.
지난달에 글쓴이는 어디로 여행을 갔나요?
지문에 '지난달에 저는 서울로 여행을 갔습니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에 '지난달에 저는 서울로 여행을 갔습니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
글쓴이가 지난달에 시작한 새로운 취미는 무엇인가요?
Read this passage:
지난달에 저는 새로운 취미를 시작했습니다. 바로 그림 그리기입니다. 처음에는 어려웠지만, 지금은 조금씩 실력이 늘고 있습니다. 지난달부터 매주 그림을 그리고 있습니다.
글쓴이가 지난달에 시작한 새로운 취미는 무엇인가요?
지문에 '지난달에 저는 새로운 취미를 시작했습니다. 바로 그림 그리기입니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에 '지난달에 저는 새로운 취미를 시작했습니다. 바로 그림 그리기입니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
지난달에 글쓴이 가족에게 어떤 변화가 있었나요?
Read this passage:
지난달에 저희 가족은 이사를 했습니다. 새 집은 더 넓고 햇빛이 잘 들어서 마음에 듭니다. 이사하는 것은 힘들었지만, 지난달부터 새 집에서 행복하게 살고 있습니다.
지난달에 글쓴이 가족에게 어떤 변화가 있었나요?
지문에 '지난달에 저희 가족은 이사를 했습니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
지문에 '지난달에 저희 가족은 이사를 했습니다.'라고 명시되어 있습니다.
저는 ___ 한국을 방문했어요. (I visited Korea last month.)
지난달 (jinandal) means 'last month'. The sentence indicates a past action of visiting Korea.
___ 우리 회사 매출이 많이 올랐어요. (Last month, our company's sales increased a lot.)
To convey 'last month', '지난달' is the appropriate choice. '매출이 올랐어요' indicates a past event.
그녀는 ___ 프랑스에서 돌아왔어요. (She returned from France last month.)
The verb '돌아왔어요' (returned) signifies a past action, thus '지난달' (last month) fits the context.
___ 저는 새로운 취미를 시작했습니다. (Last month, I started a new hobby.)
'시작했습니다' (started) indicates a past event, making '지난달' the correct temporal reference.
이 프로젝트는 ___부터 진행되고 있어요. (This project has been ongoing since last month.)
'진행되고 있어요' (has been ongoing) implies an action that started in the past and continues, so '지난달' is suitable.
___ 저는 중요한 시험을 봤어요. (Last month, I took an important exam.)
The phrase '시험을 봤어요' (took an exam) clearly refers to a past event, making '지난달' the correct answer.
Choose the most natural translation for 'I met my old friend last month.'
The time adverbial '지난달에' (last month) typically comes before the object and the verb in Korean sentences.
Which sentence correctly uses '지난달' to indicate a past event?
'지난달에' refers to a past time, so it should be used with a past tense verb form like '갔어요' (went).
What is the most appropriate response to '언제 일본에 가셨어요?' (When did you go to Japan?) if you went last month?
To answer 'When did you go to Japan?' if you went last month, '지난달에요' (Last month) is the correct and most natural response.
The sentence '지난달에 시험을 잘 봤어요.' means 'I will do well on the exam next month.'
'지난달에' means 'last month', and '시험을 잘 봤어요' is in the past tense, meaning 'I did well on the exam'. So the sentence means 'I did well on the exam last month.'
It is grammatically correct to say '지난달에 저는 새 차를 샀습니다.' (Last month I bought a new car.)
This sentence is grammatically correct. '지난달에' indicates the time the action happened, and '샀습니다' is the past tense of '사다' (to buy).
You can use '지난달' to talk about an event that will happen in the future.
'지난달' specifically refers to 'last month', indicating a past time. It cannot be used for future events.
Which of the following would best describe a situation that occurred '지난달'?
The phrase '지난달' refers to 'last month,' indicating an event that has already occurred in the immediate past. The other options describe future events, ongoing discussions, or a recent discovery without specifying 'last month.'
In a formal business report discussing quarterly performance, which sentence appropriately uses '지난달'?
The question asks for an appropriate use of '지난달' in a formal business report. Only the first option correctly uses '지난달' to describe a past achievement in the context of business performance.
Which sentence demonstrates the most nuanced understanding of '지난달' in a conversational context?
This sentence uses '지난달' naturally to refer to a recent past event (graduation) and reflects on the passage of time, which is a common and nuanced conversational usage. The other options either use '지난달' in a grammatically awkward way or in a context that doesn't flow naturally.
If someone says, '지난달에 본 영화가 정말 좋았어요,' it implies they saw the movie during the previous calendar month, not just at some unspecified point in the past.
'지난달' specifically means 'last month,' referring to the calendar month immediately preceding the current one. It does not refer to an unspecified past time.
Using '지난달' interchangeably with '지난주' (last week) is grammatically acceptable in all contexts.
'지난달' means 'last month' and '지난주' means 'last week.' These are distinct time expressions and are not interchangeable. Using them incorrectly would lead to factual errors.
In a diary entry, writing '지난달에 있었던 일들을 정리했다' (I organized the events that happened last month) accurately conveys that the organization took place after the month had concluded.
This statement is true. '지난달에 있었던 일들' refers to events that occurred in the previous month, and '정리했다' (organized) indicates that the action of organizing happened subsequently, typically in the current month, reflecting on the past month's events.
The speaker is talking about a new project.
Listen for information about company sales.
The sentence discusses a significant decision made at a past meeting.
Read this aloud:
지난달에 발표된 경제 지표는 예상치를 훨씬 뛰어넘었습니다.
Focus: 지난달에
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
지난달에 저는 그 어려운 시험에 합격하기 위해 밤낮으로 공부했습니다.
Focus: 합격하기 위해
Du hast gesagt:
Speech recognition is not supported in your browser. Try Chrome or Edge.
Read this aloud:
지난달에 방문했던 유럽 여행은 제 인생의 전환점이 되었습니다.
Focus: 전환점이 되었습니다
Du hast gesagt:
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Beispiel
지난달에 이사를 했어요.
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사고
A2An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally.
주소
A1Address, the details of where a building is located.
오전
A1Morning, A.M.
약속
A1Appointment; Promise
사월
A1April; the fourth month of the year.
밤에
A2during the night; at night
다니다
A1To attend; to commute to.
팔월
A1August; the eighth month of the year.
나쁘게
A2Badly; in an unsatisfactory or improper way.
가방
A1Bag
