A1 · Principiante Capítulo 10

¡Toma el control! Cómo dar instrucciones y pedir favores

5 Reglas totales
60 ejemplos
5 min

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of giving clear instructions and making polite requests in everyday situations.

  • Give direct commands to friends and colleagues.
  • Form negative instructions to avoid mistakes.
  • Ask for items or permission using polite structures.
Take charge and speak up with confidence!

Lo que aprenderás

¡Hola! ¿Alguna vez has querido decirle a alguien qué hacer o pedir un favor en inglés pero no sabías cómo empezar? ¡Este capítulo es para ti! Vas a aprender a usar el 'modo jefe' con los imperativos. Primero, verás cómo dar instrucciones claras y directas, como 'Sit down' (Siéntate). No te preocupes, es más sencillo de lo que parece porque solo necesitas el verbo básico. Luego, aprenderás a decir qué NO hacer usando el famoso 'Don't', y lo más importante: cómo transformar cualquier orden en una petición amable simplemente añadiendo 'please'. ¡La cortesía abre muchas puertas! Pero eso no es todo. También conocerás a tu nuevo mejor amigo: el verbo 'Can'. Con él, podrás contarle al mundo lo que sabes hacer ('I can swim') y pedir permiso de forma natural, como cuando estás en un restaurante y dices: 'Can I have the menu, please?'. Al terminar estas lecciones, te sentirás súper capaz de manejar situaciones reales, desde dar direcciones en la calle hasta pedir ayuda en una tienda con total seguridad. ¡Estás a solo unos pasos de comunicarte con muchísima más confianza en tu día a día! ¿Empezamos?

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use imperative verbs to give directions to a classmate.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Ask for help or permission in a café or office setting.

Guía del capítulo

Overview

Are you ready to truly start communicating in English? This chapter is your perfect entry point into English getting started: commands and requests, empowering you to give basic instructions and ask for things politely. For A1 English grammar learners, mastering these fundamental structures means you can start engaging in daily interactions right away.
Imagine telling someone to Wait! or asking Can I help? – these simple phrases open up a world of practical communication.
We'll dive into how to use positive commands like Sit down and negative commands such as "Don't worry," giving you the confidence to direct people or offer warnings. You’ll also learn the magic of adding 'please' to make your instructions wonderfully polite. Plus, we'll introduce the versatile word 'can' for talking about your abilities and making friendly requests.
By the end of this guide, you won't just understand these rules; you'll be able to use them to ask for directions, make simple suggestions, and even offer help. This foundational knowledge is crucial for building your fluency and making your initial conversations in English much smoother and more effective. Get ready to speak with impact and politeness!

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down how to give instructions and make requests in English. First, for direct instructions or commands, we use the base form of the verb – no 's', 'ed', or 'ing' needed! This is your Boss Mode. For example, if you want someone to stop, you just say,
Stop!
or for an action,
Listen!
These are very direct.
To make a command negative, telling someone *not* to do something, you simply put 'Don't' before the base verb. So, if you want to warn someone, you say, "Don't touch!
or to advise them,
Don't worry."
To soften these commands and make them polite, we add 'please'. You can put 'please' at the beginning or end of your command. For example,
Please sit down.
or
Open the door, please.
And for negative polite requests: "Please don't go. or Don't forget, please." This makes a big difference in how your message is received!
Next, we introduce the useful helper verb 'can'. We use 'can' for two main things at this level. First, it shows present ability – what you are able to do.
For instance,
I can swim.
or
She can speak English.
Notice that the verb after 'can' is always the base form. Secondly, 'can' is perfect for making friendly requests or asking for permission. For example,
Can I help you?
to offer assistance, or
Can you open the window?
to ask someone to do something for you.
Remember, 'can' never changes, no matter who the subject is (I can, you can, he can, etc.).

Common Mistakes

  1. 1You sit here.
Sit here.
*Explanation:* Commands usually don't include 'you' because it's understood you're talking directly to the person. Adding 'you' can sound bossy or overly direct in a way that isn't natural for simple commands.
  1. 1Not go there.
Don't go there.
*Explanation:* To make a negative command, always use 'Don't' before the base verb. Just using 'not' is incorrect in this context.
  1. 1I can to swim.
I can swim.
*Explanation:* After modal verbs like 'can', we use the base form of the verb *without* 'to'. 'Can' is a helper verb and the main verb follows directly.

Real Conversations

A

A

The phone is ringing!
B

B

Answer it, please.
A

A

I'm really tired today.
B

B

Don't worry! Relax. We can do it tomorrow.
A

A

Excuse me, I don't understand this word.
B

B

Can I help you?
A

A

Yes, can you explain 'delicious'?
A

A

Is this seat free?
B

B

Yes, sit down, please.

Quick FAQ

Q

How do I make a simple command in English?

Just use the base form of the verb. For example,

Stop!
or
Listen!
To be polite, add 'please':
Please wait.

Q

When should I use 'Don't'?

Use 'Don't' before the base verb to tell someone *not* to do something. For instance, "Don't touch that! or Don't forget your keys."

Q

What's the main difference between Go! and Can I go?

Go!
is a direct command, telling someone to do something.
Can I go?
is a polite question asking for permission to go. The first is an instruction, the second is a request.

Q

Is

Can you help me?
always polite enough?

Yes,

Can you help me?
is a very common and friendly way to ask for help in most everyday situations. Adding 'please' (e.g.,
Can you help me, please?
) makes it even more polite.

Cultural Context

In English-speaking cultures, commands without 'please' are often reserved for urgent situations, very close friends/family, or when the speaker is in a position of authority (e.g., a teacher to students, a parent to children). Using 'please' is almost always recommended to show respect and politeness, especially with strangers or in formal settings. 'Can' for requests is incredibly common and considered friendly and informal, suitable for most everyday interactions.
Be aware that direct commands might sound a little strong to some native speakers if 'please' is omitted.

Ejemplos clave (8)

1

Open your books to page 5.

Abre tus libros en la página 5.

Modo Jefe: Órdenes Positivas (Imperativo)
2

Listen to the speaker.

Escucha al orador.

Modo Jefe: Órdenes Positivas (Imperativo)
3

Don't forget your passport!

¡No olvides tu pasaporte!

Mandatos Negativos (No...)
4

Please don't talk during the movie.

Por favor, no hables durante la película.

Mandatos Negativos (No...)
5

Please close the window.

Por favor, cierra la ventana.

Órdenes amables (usando Please)
6

Wait for me, please.

Espérame, por favor.

Órdenes amables (usando Please)
7

I can speak a little Spanish.

Yo puedo hablar un poco de español.

Can: Expresar habilidad presente
8

She can run very fast.

Ella puede correr muy rápido.

Can: Expresar habilidad presente

Consejos y trucos (4)

💡

Siempre el Verbo Base

Recuerda, para los comandos positivos, siempre usas la forma base del verbo. ¡Sin -s, -ed, o -ing! Piensa que le dices a un niño que juegue: Play!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modo Jefe: Órdenes Positivas (Imperativo)
💡

Siempre usa el verbo en su forma base

Después de 'don't', el verbo principal siempre va en su forma más simple. ¡Nunca le agregues -s, -ed o -ing! Piensa que es la forma 'desnuda' del verbo. "Don't run."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mandatos Negativos (No...)
💡

Si dudas, ¡añade 'please'!

En serio, es casi imposible ser demasiado educado con 'please'. Hace que tus peticiones suenen amigables y respetuosas, especialmente con desconocidos o en situaciones nuevas. Por ejemplo:
Please, tell me the way.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Órdenes amables (usando Please)
💡

Recuerda: ¡No uses 'To'!

'Can' es un tipo de verbo especial (modal), así que no necesita 'to' antes del verbo principal. Siempre di I can swim, no
I can to swim
. ¡Es una trampa común para principiantes!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: Expresar habilidad presente

Vocabulario clave (6)

please politeness marker sit to occupy a seat touch to make physical contact help to assist someone swim to move through water open to move something to reveal contents

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Library

Review Summary

  • Verb + Object
  • Don't + Verb
  • Command + please
  • Subject + can + verb
  • Can I + Verb + ...?

Errores comunes

Imperatives don't need a subject like 'you'. Start directly with the verb.

Wrong: You to sit down.
Correcto: Sit down.

The verb 'can' is followed immediately by the base verb without 'to'.

Wrong: Can I to go?
Correcto: Can I go?

Use 'Don't' to make a command negative in English, not 'No'.

Wrong: No touch!
Correcto: Don't touch!

Next Steps

You are making amazing progress! Keep practicing these phrases in your daily life.

Give 5 commands to your pet or a plant

Práctica rápida (10)

Encuentra y corrige el error en esta petición educada.

Find and fix the mistake:

Don't please open that.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Please don't open that.
Cuando 'please' está al principio de un comando negativo, va antes de 'don't'. 'Don't open that, please.' también es correcto, pero no es una opción aquí.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Órdenes amables (usando Please)

Encuentra y corrige el error en el comando.

Find and fix the mistake:

You open the door, please.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Open the door, please.
El sujeto 'You' se entiende en los comandos y no debe decirse. La forma base 'Open' es la correcta.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modo Jefe: Órdenes Positivas (Imperativo)

Encuentra y corrige el error en la frase.

Find and fix the mistake:

Can I to use your phone?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can I use your phone?
Después del verbo modal 'can', siempre usamos la forma base del verbo principal sin 'to'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: Peticiones y Permiso

Elige la forma correcta para completar la petición educada.

______ help me with this box?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Please
Para hacer una petición educada, 'Please' es la forma más directa y común de empezar.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Órdenes amables (usando Please)

Elige la forma correcta.

___ be late for the meeting!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Don't
Para los comandos negativos, usamos 'Don't' seguido de la forma base del verbo. 'Do nots' es incorrecto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mandatos Negativos (No...)

Encuentra y corrige el error en la oración.

Find and fix the mistake:

He cans play the piano well.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He can play the piano well.
'Can' no lleva la terminación '-s' con ningún sujeto. La forma correcta es 'can' para todos los sujetos.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: Expresar habilidad presente

¿Qué oración expresa correctamente una habilidad?

Elige la oración correcta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can they speak English?
Para las preguntas con 'can', inviertes el sujeto y 'can'. No usas 'to' después de 'can', ni tampoco 'do/does'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: Expresar habilidad presente

¿Qué frase es correcta?

Elige la frase correcta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Don't touch the paintings.
La forma correcta para un comando negativo es 'Don't' + la forma base del verbo ('touch').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Mandatos Negativos (No...)

Elige la forma correcta para completar la oración.

My little sister ___ read yet.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: can't
'Can't' es la contracción correcta de 'cannot', e indica incapacidad. 'No can' es incorrecto y 'cannot to' añade 'to' de forma equivocada.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: Expresar habilidad presente

Elige la forma correcta del verbo para un comando.

___ (listen) carefully to the instructions.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Listen
Para un comando positivo, usamos la forma base del verbo, que es 'Listen'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Modo Jefe: Órdenes Positivas (Imperativo)

Score: /10

Preguntas frecuentes (6)

Un comando positivo le dice a alguien que haga algo directamente. Por ejemplo, Come here! o Open your book.
El imperativo es la forma gramatical que usamos para órdenes y peticiones. Comandos Positivos es otro nombre para Imperativos Positivos.
Un comando negativo le dice a alguien *qué no debe hacer*. Es una instrucción directa para detener o evitar una acción, como "Don't run!".
Simplemente añades 'Don't' antes de la forma base del verbo. Por ejemplo, 'Eat' se convierte en "Don't eat.".
El propósito principal de 'please' es hacer que un comando o petición sea educado y respetuoso. Suaviza el tono, haciéndote sonar amigable en lugar de exigente. Por ejemplo, en lugar de Give me the book!, dices Please give me the book.
Puedes colocar 'please' al principio de un comando, como Please open the door., o al final, como Open the door, please.. Ambas posiciones son correctas y transmiten cortesía.