A1 · مبتدی فصل 10

Getting Started: Commands and Requests

5 مجموع قواعد
60 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of giving clear instructions and making polite requests in everyday situations.

  • Give direct commands to friends and colleagues.
  • Form negative instructions to avoid mistakes.
  • Ask for items or permission using polite structures.
Take charge and speak up with confidence!

چی یاد می‌گیری

Ready to start talking? This chapter helps you give simple instructions like Sit down or "Don't touch!

and even ask for things politely using
Can I...?" You'll soon be directing friends and making requests with confidence!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use imperative verbs to give directions to a classmate.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Ask for help or permission in a café or office setting.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Are you ready to truly start communicating in English? This chapter is your perfect entry point into English getting started: commands and requests, empowering you to give basic instructions and ask for things politely. For A1 English grammar learners, mastering these fundamental structures means you can start engaging in daily interactions right away.
Imagine telling someone to Wait! or asking Can I help? – these simple phrases open up a world of practical communication.
We'll dive into how to use positive commands like Sit down and negative commands such as "Don't worry," giving you the confidence to direct people or offer warnings. You’ll also learn the magic of adding 'please' to make your instructions wonderfully polite. Plus, we'll introduce the versatile word 'can' for talking about your abilities and making friendly requests.
By the end of this guide, you won't just understand these rules; you'll be able to use them to ask for directions, make simple suggestions, and even offer help. This foundational knowledge is crucial for building your fluency and making your initial conversations in English much smoother and more effective. Get ready to speak with impact and politeness!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's break down how to give instructions and make requests in English. First, for direct instructions or commands, we use the base form of the verb – no 's', 'ed', or 'ing' needed! This is your Boss Mode. For example, if you want someone to stop, you just say,
Stop!
or for an action,
Listen!
These are very direct.
To make a command negative, telling someone *not* to do something, you simply put 'Don't' before the base verb. So, if you want to warn someone, you say, "Don't touch!
or to advise them,
Don't worry."
To soften these commands and make them polite, we add 'please'. You can put 'please' at the beginning or end of your command. For example,
Please sit down.
or
Open the door, please.
And for negative polite requests: "Please don't go. or Don't forget, please." This makes a big difference in how your message is received!
Next, we introduce the useful helper verb 'can'. We use 'can' for two main things at this level. First, it shows present ability – what you are able to do.
For instance,
I can swim.
or
She can speak English.
Notice that the verb after 'can' is always the base form. Secondly, 'can' is perfect for making friendly requests or asking for permission. For example,
Can I help you?
to offer assistance, or
Can you open the window?
to ask someone to do something for you.
Remember, 'can' never changes, no matter who the subject is (I can, you can, he can, etc.).

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1✗ You sit here.
✓ Sit here.
*Explanation:* Commands usually don't include 'you' because it's understood you're talking directly to the person. Adding 'you' can sound bossy or overly direct in a way that isn't natural for simple commands.
  1. 1✗ Not go there.
✓ Don't go there.
*Explanation:* To make a negative command, always use 'Don't' before the base verb. Just using 'not' is incorrect in this context.
  1. 1✗ I can to swim.
✓ I can swim.
*Explanation:* After modal verbs like 'can', we use the base form of the verb *without* 'to'. 'Can' is a helper verb and the main verb follows directly.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

The phone is ringing!
B

B

Answer it, please.
A

A

I'm really tired today.
B

B

Don't worry! Relax. We can do it tomorrow.
A

A

Excuse me, I don't understand this word.
B

B

Can I help you?
A

A

Yes, can you explain 'delicious'?
A

A

Is this seat free?
B

B

Yes, sit down, please.

سؤالات رایج

Q

How do I make a simple command in English?

Just use the base form of the verb. For example,

Stop!
or
Listen!
To be polite, add 'please':
Please wait.

Q

When should I use 'Don't'?

Use 'Don't' before the base verb to tell someone *not* to do something. For instance, "Don't touch that! or Don't forget your keys."

Q

What's the main difference between Go! and Can I go?

Go!
is a direct command, telling someone to do something.
Can I go?
is a polite question asking for permission to go. The first is an instruction, the second is a request.

Q

Is

Can you help me?
always polite enough?

Yes,

Can you help me?
is a very common and friendly way to ask for help in most everyday situations. Adding 'please' (e.g.,
Can you help me, please?
) makes it even more polite.

بافت فرهنگی

In English-speaking cultures, commands without 'please' are often reserved for urgent situations, very close friends/family, or when the speaker is in a position of authority (e.g., a teacher to students, a parent to children). Using 'please' is almost always recommended to show respect and politeness, especially with strangers or in formal settings. 'Can' for requests is incredibly common and considered friendly and informal, suitable for most everyday interactions.
Be aware that direct commands might sound a little strong to some native speakers if 'please' is omitted.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

Open your books to page 5.

کتاب‌هاتون رو صفحه ۵ باز کنید.

حالت رئیس: دستورات مثبت (امری)
2

Listen to the speaker.

به سخنران گوش کن.

حالت رئیس: دستورات مثبت (امری)
3

Don't forget your passport!

پاسپورتت رو فراموش نکن!

دستورات منفی (انجام نده...)
4

Please don't talk during the movie.

لطفاً موقع فیلم حرف نزن.

دستورات منفی (انجام نده...)
5

Please close the window.

لطفاً پنجره رو ببند.

دستورات مودبانه (با استفاده از Please)
6

Wait for me, please.

لطفاً منتظرم باش.

دستورات مودبانه (با استفاده از Please)
7

I can speak a little Spanish.

من می‌تونم یکم اسپانیایی صحبت کنم.

Can: بیان توانایی حال
8

She can run very fast.

اون می‌تونه خیلی سریع بدوه.

Can: بیان توانایی حال

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

همیشه شکل اصلی فعل

یادت باشه، برای دستورات مثبت، همیشه از شکل اصلی فعل استفاده می‌کنی. نه -s، نه -ed، نه -ing. ساده و راحت! مثلاً: Eat your food.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت رئیس: دستورات مثبت (امری)
💡

همیشه از فعل ساده استفاده کن

بعد از "Don't«، فعل اصلی همیشه به ساده‌ترین شکلش می‌مونه. هیچ وقت »-s«, »-ed« یا »-ing« اضافه نکن. »Don't goes to school!« (غلطه، باید بگی: »Don't go to school!").
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی (انجام نده...)
💡

شک داری؟ «Please» رو اضافه کن!

جداً میگم، محترمانه بودن با «please» تقریباً غیرممکنه زیاد باشه. درخواست‌هات رو دوستانه و محترمانه نشون میده، مخصوصاً با غریبه‌ها یا تو موقعیت‌های جدید. Please help me.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات مودبانه (با استفاده از Please)
💡

یادت باشه 'to' نمی‌خواد

Can یه فعل کمکیه که نیازی به 'to' قبل از فعل اصلی نداره. همیشه بگو I can swim، نه
I can to swim
. این یه تله رایج برای مبتدی‌هاست!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: بیان توانایی حال

واژگان کلیدی (6)

please politeness marker sit to occupy a seat touch to make physical contact help to assist someone swim to move through water open to move something to reveal contents

Real-World Preview

book-open

At the Library

Review Summary

  • Verb + Object
  • Don't + Verb
  • Command + please
  • Subject + can + verb
  • Can I + Verb + ...?

اشتباهات رایج

Imperatives don't need a subject like 'you'. Start directly with the verb.

Wrong: You to sit down.
صحیح: Sit down.

The verb 'can' is followed immediately by the base verb without 'to'.

Wrong: Can I to go?
صحیح: Can I go?

Use 'Don't' to make a command negative in English, not 'No'.

Wrong: No touch!
صحیح: Don't touch!

Next Steps

You are making amazing progress! Keep practicing these phrases in your daily life.

Give 5 commands to your pet or a plant

Continue to: Talking About the Past

تمرین سریع (10)

شکل صحیح رو برای کامل کردن درخواست مودبانه انتخاب کن.

______ help me with this box?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Please
برای ساختن یه درخواست مودبانه، 'Please' مستقیم‌ترین و رایج‌ترین راه برای شروع کردنه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات مودبانه (با استفاده از Please)

کلمه درست رو انتخاب کن تا درخواست کامل بشه.

___ I borrow your pen?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can
'Can' برای درخواست اجازه یا انجام کاری استفاده میشه. 'Am' و 'Do' اینجوری با فعل ساده استفاده نمیشن.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: درخواست‌ها و اجازه

شکل درست رو انتخاب کن

___ be late for the meeting!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Don't
برای جملات امری منفی، از "Don't« به همراه شکل ساده فعل استفاده می‌کنیم. »Do nots" غلطه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی (انجام نده...)

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Can I to use your phone?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can I use your phone?
بعد از فعل کمکی 'can'، همیشه شکل ساده فعل اصلی بدون 'to' میاد.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: درخواست‌ها و اجازه

شکل صحیح فعل رو برای یک دستور انتخاب کن.

___ (listen) carefully to the instructions.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Listen
برای یک دستور مثبت، ما از شکل اصلی فعل استفاده می‌کنیم که 'Listen' هست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت رئیس: دستورات مثبت (امری)

اشتباه رو تو این درخواست مودبانه پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

Don't please open that.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Please don't open that.
وقتی 'please' اول یه دستور منفی میاد، قبل از 'don't' قرار می‌گیره. 'Don't open that, please.' هم درسته ولی اینجا تو گزینه‌ها نیست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات مودبانه (با استفاده از Please)

شکل صحیح رو انتخاب کن تا جمله کامل بشه.

My little sister ___ read yet.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: can't
'Can't' شکل کوتاه شده 'cannot' هست و نشون دهنده ناتوانیه. 'No can' غلطه و 'cannot to' هم اشتباهه چون 'to' اضافی داره.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: بیان توانایی حال

کدوم جمله درسته؟

جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Don't touch the paintings.
شکل درست برای یه جمله امری منفی، "Don't« + شکل ساده فعل (»touch") هست.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: دستورات منفی (انجام نده...)

اشتباه رو توی دستور پیدا کن و درستش کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

You open the door, please.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Open the door, please.
فاعل 'You' توی دستورات ضمنیه و نباید گفته بشه. شکل اصلی 'Open' درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: حالت رئیس: دستورات مثبت (امری)

کدوم جمله توانایی رو درست بیان می‌کنه؟

جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Can they speak English?
برای سوالی کردن با 'can'، جای فاعل و 'can' رو عوض می‌کنی. بعد از 'can' 'to' نمیاد و 'do/does' هم استفاده نمیشه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Can: بیان توانایی حال

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

یه دستور مثبت به کسی میگه که یه کاری رو انجام بده. مثلاً: Come here! یا Open your book.
'Imperative' حالت دستوری گرامریه که برای دستورات و درخواست‌ها استفاده میشه. 'Positive Commands' همون 'Positive Imperatives' هست.
یه جمله امری منفی به کسی میگه یه کاری رو «انجام نده». این یه دستور مستقیمه برای توقف یا اجتناب از یه عمل، مثل: "Don't run!"
خیلی ساده‌ست، فقط "Don't« رو قبل از شکل ساده فعل میاری. مثلاً، »Eat« میشه: »Don't eat."
هدف اصلی «please» اینه که یه دستور یا درخواست رو مودبانه و محترمانه کنه. لحن جمله رو نرم‌تر می‌کنه، و باعث میشه دوستانه به نظر بیای نه طلبکار. مثلاً، به جای Give me the book!, میگی Please give me the book.
میتونی «please» رو اول دستور بذاری، مثل Please open the door., یا آخرش، مثل Open the door, please.. هر دو حالت درسته و ادب رو میرسونه.
فصل قبلی
Talking About Amounts and Ideas
فصل بعدی
Talking About the Past
برگشت به نقشه راه