A1 Verb Tenses 5 min read Fácil

La regla de He/She/It: Añadir -s y -es a los verbos

¡Genial! Tienes que recordar esto: siempre pones «-s» o -es a los verbos cuando el sujeto es he, she, it o una sola cosa.

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In the Present Simple, always add an -s or -es to the verb when the subject is He, She, or It.

  • Add -s to most verbs: He walks, She plays, It works.
  • Add -es to verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -s, -x, or -z: She watches, He fixes.
  • Change -y to -ies if there is a consonant before it: It flies, She studies.
👤 (He/She/It) + 🏃‍♂️ (Verb) + 🐍 (s/es)

Overview

¿Sabías que la letra s es el carácter más sobreexplotado del idioma inglés? Parece que está en todas partes. Pero en el tiempo Present Simple, tiene un trabajo muy específico y exclusivo.
Este trabajo a menudo se llama la
Third Person Singular Rule
(Regla de la Tercera Persona del Singular). Solo se aplica cuando hablas de alguien más—una sola persona o cosa. Piénsalo como un impuesto VIP.
Pagas una s por cada he, she o it en tu historia. Si se te olvida, podrías sonar como un robot de una película vieja de ciencia ficción: He like pizza. Se entiende, pero le falta ese toque pulido de un hablante nativo.
En el mundo de las redes sociales, tu influencer favorito posts todos los días. No solo post. El algoritmo knows lo que te gusta.
No solo know. Esta regla es la columna vertebral de la comunicación básica en inglés. Es la diferencia entre sonar como un principiante y sonar como alguien que domina el lugar.
¿Por qué el inglés hace esto? Honestamente, es solo una rareza histórica. El inglés antiguo solía tener muchísimas más terminaciones.
Hemos soltado la mayoría, pero esta se quedó como ese invitado de la fiesta que no se quiere ir. Pero no te preocupes. Una vez que le agarras el ritmo, se vuelve algo natural.
Es como un pequeño choca esos cinco verbal que les das a he, she y it cada vez que aparecen en una oración. Solo recuerda: una persona, una s.

How This Grammar Works

Esta gramática se trata de agrupar. En inglés, dividimos a las personas en dos clubes. El primer club es el Chill Club (Club Relajado).
Este incluye a I, you, we y they. Estos tipos son tranquilos. Usan la forma base del verbo.
Dices: I play games o They order food. Sin letras extra, sin drama. Luego está el segundo club: los Singular Specialists (Especialistas del Singular).
Este es el grupo de he, she e it. Este club es muy demandante. Exigen una s extra al final de cada verbo.
Imagina que she es una creadora de TikTok. Ella no solo dance; ella dances. Si he es un gamer, él no stream; él streams.
Incluso tu celular (un it) no solo work; works. Este cambio solo ocurre en oraciones afirmativas en tiempo presente. Es como un uniforme especial que usan.
Sin embargo, este uniforme cambia un poco dependiendo de cómo termina el verbo. La mayoría de los verbos solo aceptan una simple s. Otros necesitan una es para que sean más fáciles de pronunciar.
¡Imagina intentar decir watchs! ¡Suena como si estuvieras estornudando! Así que añadimos una vocal para ayudar: watches.
Todo se trata de la fluidez del idioma.

Conjugation Table

Form Example Translation
I I work Yo trabajo / Ich arbeite
You You work Tú trabajas / Du arbeitest
He/She/It He works Él trabaja / Er arbeitet
We We work Nosotros trabajamos / Wir arbeiten
They They work Ellos trabajan / Sie arbeiten

Formation Pattern

1
Añadir esa s no siempre es tan simple como pegarla al final. Hay cuatro caminos principales que puedes tomar, dependiendo de la personalidad del verbo (su ortografía).
2
The General Path (La mayoría de los verbos): Solo añade -s. Esto funciona para aproximadamente el 90% de los verbos.
3
likelikes (
He likes your photo
).
4
eateats (
She eats sushi
).
5
playplays (
It plays music
).
6
The Hissing Path (Sibilantes): Si un verbo termina en un sonido que parece un siseo o un zumbido (-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z) o la letra -o, añade -es. Esto hace que la palabra sea más fácil de decir.
7
watchwatches (
She watches Netflix
).
8
finishfinishes (
He finishes his homework
).
9
gogoes (
The bus goes to the city
).
10
fixfixes (
He fixes the Wi-Fi
).
11
The Y Drama (Consonantes): Si el verbo termina en consonante + y, la y se pone celosa y se va. Es reemplazada por ies.
12
studystudies (
She studies for the exam
).
13
trytries (
He tries a new filter
).
14
flyflies (
The bird flies away
).
15
The Rebels (Irregulares): Estos verbos no siguen las reglas para nada. Simplemente tienes que memorizarlos.
16
havehas (
She has a new iPhone
).
17
dodoes (
He does his best
).
18
beis (
It is cold
).

Memory Trick

Piensa en el VIP S-Pass. He, She e It son los únicos en la lista de invitados que pueden llevar el pase de la S. Todos los demás tienen que dejar su S en la puerta.

When To Use It

Usamos este patrón para cosas que son generalmente ciertas o que ocurren repetidamente. Es perfecto para describir la onda o la rutina de alguien.
  • Daily Habits:
    He wakes up at 7 AM
    .
    She checks her emails immediately
    .
  • Permanent Facts:
    The sun rises in the east
    .
    Water boils at 100 degrees
    .
  • Schedules:
    The movie starts at 8 PM
    .
    The train leaves in ten minutes
    .
  • General States:
    She loves chocolate
    .
    It seems like a good idea
    .

Politeness Levels

En inglés, no cambiamos la terminación del verbo para ser más formales. He speaks se usa tanto para un rey como para un compañero de cuarto. Sin embargo, ¡hay un cambio moderno! Cuando no conoces el género de alguien, o quieres ser inclusivo, podrías usar el they singular.

- Informal/Moderno

Someone left their bag. They need it
. (Fíjate: ¡aquí no hay s! They siempre sigue las reglas del Chill Club, incluso si se refiere a una sola persona).

- Formal/Estándar

The candidate writes a cover letter
.

Common Mistakes

Incluso los estudiantes avanzados se tropiezan aquí. ¡Es el error más común en inglés!
  • The Ghost S: Añadir una s donde no corresponde.
    I likes it
    . (❌ ¡No! I está en el Chill Club).
  • The Negative Trap: Añadir una s en una oración negativa. "He doesn't likes it". (❌ ¡Incorrecto! La s ya está escondida dentro de doesn't. Usa la forma base: "He doesn't like it").
  • The Question Slip:
    ¿Does she plays?
    (❌ ¡No! De nuevo, does ya tiene la es. Usa
    ¿Does she play?
    ).
  • Spelling Fails: Escribir plaies en lugar de plays. Recuerda: vocal + y solo lleva una s. ¡No te compliques!

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Compara el singular con el plural. Aquí es donde la gente se confunde porque los sustantivos funcionan al revés.
  • Nouns: Un dog, dos dogs (Añadir s lo hace plural).
  • Verbs: I run, he runs (¡Añadir s lo hace singular!).
Es como una imagen en el espejo. Si el sujeto (la persona) tiene una s (como The boys), el verbo normalmente no la lleva (run). Si el sujeto no tiene una s (como The boy), el verbo necesita una (runs).

Quick FAQ

Q

¿everyone lleva una s?

¡Sí! Palabras como everyone, someone y nobody son singulares en la gramática inglesa.

Everyone loves a bargain
.

Q

¿Qué pasa con los verbos modales como can o must?

Estos son los rebeldes definitivos. Nunca llevan s.

She can swim
, no
She cans swim
.

Q

¿Es has o haves?

Definitivamente has. Haves no es una palabra (¡a menos que estés hablando de los que tienen y los que no tienen, pero esa es otra historia!).

Real Conversations

Escenario 1: Hablando de un compañero de cuarto

A

Alex

¿Dónde está Jamie?
S

Sam

He works late on Tuesdays. He usually gets home around 9
.

Escenario 2: Discutiendo sobre una app nueva

Usuario A:

This app crashes all the time
.

Usuario B:

¿En serio? Mine works perfectly. Maybe it needs an update
.

Progressive Practice

1

Level Easy: Mira el verbo eat. Cámbialo para he. (Respuesta: eats).

2

Level Medium: Piensa en tu mejor amigo/a. Escribe una cosa que haga todos los días.

My friend drinks coffee
.

3

Level Hard: Corrige esta oración: "She don't go to the gym because she prefer to sleep".

(Respuesta: "She doesn't go to the gym because she prefers to sleep").

2. Negative Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage
He does not
He doesn't
Very common
She does not
She doesn't
Very common
It does not
It doesn't
Very common

Present Simple Conjugation of 'To Work'

Subject Verb Form Rule Applied
I
work
Base form
You
work
Base form
He
works
Add -s
She
works
Add -s
It
works
Add -s
We
work
Base form
They
work
Base form

Meanings

The rule used to conjugate verbs in the present simple tense when the subject is a third-person singular pronoun or a singular noun.

1

Habits and Routines

Used to describe things that happen regularly or as a schedule.

“He drinks coffee every morning.”

“She goes to the gym on Tuesdays.”

2

General Truths

Used for facts that are always true.

“The sun rises in the east.”

“Water freezes at zero degrees.”

3

Permanent States

Used for things that stay the same for a long time.

“My brother lives in London.”

“She works for a big tech company.”

Reference Table

Reference table for La regla de He/She/It: Añadir -s y -es a los verbos
Tipo de terminación Regla Ejemplo
La mayoría de los verbos
Añade -s
work → works
Termina en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x
Añade -es
watch → watches
Termina en -o
Añade -es
go → goes
Consonante + -y
Cambia a -ies
study → studies
Vocal + -y
Solo añade -s
play → plays
Irregular: Have
Se convierte en Has
she has
Irregular: Be
Se convierte en Is
it is

Espectro de formalidad

Formal
He serves as the Chief Executive Officer.

He serves as the Chief Executive Officer. (Professional)

Neutral
He works as a manager.

He works as a manager. (Professional)

Informal
He's a boss.

He's a boss. (Professional)

Jerga
He runs the show.

He runs the show. (Professional)

Reglas de la Tercera Persona del Singular

He / She / It

Ortografía

  • -s General
  • -es sh/ch/x/o
  • -ies cons + y

Irregulares

  • has tener
  • is ser

Club Relajado vs. Club de la 'S'

Yo / Tú / Nosotros / Ellos
I play Sin 's'
They watch Forma base
Él / Ella / Ello
He plays Añade 's'
She watches Añade 'es'

Cómo Escribir el Verbo

1

¿Termina en -sh, -ch, -s, -x o -o?

YES
Añade -es (goes, watches)
NO
Revisa la siguiente regla
2

¿Termina en Consonante + Y?

YES
Cambia Y a -ies (studies)
NO ↓

Categorías de Terminaciones Verbales

Solo +S

  • eats
  • likes
  • plays
🐝

El Grupo +ES

  • fixes
  • washes
  • goes
✏️

El Equipo -IES

  • carries
  • flies
  • cries

Ejemplos por nivel

1

He plays football.

Él juega al fútbol.

2

She drinks milk.

Ella bebe leche.

3

It rains a lot.

Llueve mucho.

4

My dad cooks dinner.

Mi papá cocina la cena.

1

She doesn't like apples.

A ella no le gustan las manzanas.

2

Does he work here?

¿Él trabaja aquí?

3

The bus stops near my house.

El autobús para cerca de mi casa.

4

He studies English every day.

Él estudia inglés todos los días.

1

The company provides free lunch.

La empresa proporciona almuerzo gratis.

2

He always carries a heavy bag.

Él siempre lleva una bolsa pesada.

3

She rarely misses a deadline.

Ella rara vez pierde una fecha límite.

4

It seems like a good idea.

Parece una buena idea.

1

The theory suggests that time is relative.

La teoría sugiere que el tiempo es relativo.

2

He maintains his innocence despite the evidence.

Él mantiene su inocencia a pesar de las pruebas.

3

The government denies any involvement.

El gobierno niega cualquier implicación.

4

She possesses a unique talent for music.

Ella posee un talento único para la música.

1

The author argues that society is changing.

El autor sostiene que la sociedad está cambiando.

2

Each of the participants receives a certificate.

Cada uno de los participantes recibe un certificado.

3

The success of the project depends on teamwork.

El éxito del proyecto depende del trabajo en equipo.

4

He seldom expresses his true feelings.

Él rara vez expresa sus verdaderos sentimientos.

1

One finds that the data contradicts the hypothesis.

Uno encuentra que los datos contradicen la hipótesis.

2

The law stipulates that all citizens must pay taxes.

La ley estipula que todos los ciudadanos deben pagar impuestos.

3

The protagonist's journey symbolizes human growth.

El viaje del protagonista simboliza el crecimiento humano.

4

The economy fluctuates based on global trends.

La economía fluctúa según las tendencias globales.

Fácil de confundir

The He/She/It Rule: Adding -s and -es to Verbs vs Plural Nouns vs. Singular Verbs

Both use an 's', but for opposite reasons. Nouns use 's' to show there are many; verbs use 's' to show there is only one subject.

The He/She/It Rule: Adding -s and -es to Verbs vs Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

Learners often use 'is' with the -s verb, which is incorrect.

The He/She/It Rule: Adding -s and -es to Verbs vs Modal Verbs (Can, Must, Should)

Modal verbs are special and NEVER take an -s, even for He/She/It.

Errores comunes

He play football.

He plays football.

Forgot the -s for the third person singular.

She haves a dog.

She has a dog.

'Have' is irregular. It becomes 'has', not 'haves'.

It rain today.

It rains today.

Even 'It' (weather) needs the -s.

My friend like pizza.

My friend likes pizza.

'My friend' is a singular noun, which is the same as 'He' or 'She'.

He doesn't likes pizza.

He doesn't like pizza.

In negative sentences, 'doesn't' already has the 's'. The main verb must be base form.

Does she goes to school?

Does she go to school?

In questions, 'does' takes the 's'. The main verb stays as 'go'.

He studys hard.

He studies hard.

Spelling error: verbs ending in consonant + y change to -ies.

The people likes the movie.

The people like the movie.

'People' is plural, so it does NOT take the -s.

Everyone have a dream.

Everyone has a dream.

'Everyone' is grammatically singular in English.

The news are bad.

The news is bad.

'News' looks plural but is singular. (Note: this applies to the verb 'to be' but follows the same singular logic).

The data shows that...

The data show that...

In formal/scientific English, 'data' is technically the plural of 'datum'. However, 'shows' is becoming accepted in common usage.

Patrones de oraciones

He ___ (verb) every day.

She doesn't ___ (verb) because ___.

Does he ___ (verb) at ___ (time)?

It ___ (verb) like a ___ (noun).

Real World Usage

Texting a friend constant

He says he's coming at 8.

Job Interview very common

My current boss relies on my reports.

Social Media Caption very common

She looks so cute in this photo!

Ordering Food common

My friend wants the burger, please.

Travel / Airport occasional

The flight departs from Gate 4.

Scientific Report common

The liquid reacts with the metal.

🎯

La Regla del 'Does'

Si ves 'does' o 'doesn't' en una frase, ¡el verbo principal pierde su 's'! La 's' ya se fue al 'does'. "She doesn't like it."
⚠️

¡Cuidado con la 'y'!

¡Ojo con la 'y'! 'Play' tiene una vocal (a) antes de la 'y', así que solo añades 's' (plays). 'Study' tiene una consonante (d), así que se convierte en studies.
💬

El 'They' Singular

En inglés moderno, a veces usamos 'they' para una sola persona si no sabemos su género. Aunque sea uno, el verbo va en plural: They are happy o They like pizza.

Smart Tips

Think of 'doesn't' as a thief. It steals the 's' from the verb and keeps it for itself!

He doesn't works. He doesn't work.

Look at the letter BEFORE the 'y'. If it's a, e, i, o, u, just add 's'. If not, change it to 'ies'.

He plaies. He plays.

In American English, treat the group as 'It' (singular). In British English, you can often use either singular or plural.

The team play well. The team plays well.

Always use the -s. These words feel plural but they are grammatically singular.

Everyone like pizza. Everyone likes pizza.

Pronunciación

walks /wɔːks/, eats /iːts/

The /s/ sound

Use /s/ after voiceless sounds like p, t, k, f.

plays /pleɪz/, runs /rʌnz/

The /z/ sound

Use /z/ after voiced sounds like b, d, g, v, l, m, n, r and vowels.

watches /wɒtʃɪz/, fixes /fɪksɪz/

The /ɪz/ sound

Use /ɪz/ after hissing sounds (s, z, sh, ch, x). This adds an extra syllable.

Declarative Stress

He WORKS in a BANK.

Standard emphasis on the verb and the object.

Memorízalo

Mnemotecnia

He, She, It, the 'S' must fit!

Asociación visual

Imagine a snake (shaped like an S) following a boy, a girl, and a robot wherever they go. The snake is their pet that only likes them, not 'I' or 'You'.

Rhyme

He, She, It, and singular nouns, Wear the 'S' like golden crowns.

Story

The letter 'S' is a very shy letter. It is too scared to talk to 'I', 'You', 'We', or 'They'. But it feels very safe with 'He', 'She', and 'It'. Whenever they do an action, 'S' jumps onto the end of the word to join the fun.

Word Web

HeSheItSingularAgreementPresentRoutine

Desafío

Look around the room. Find one person or one object. Say three things they do using the -s rule. (e.g., 'The clock ticks. My brother sleeps. The fan turns.')

Notas culturales

The -s is strictly required in formal writing and professional speech. Omitting it can be seen as a sign of low education or non-native status.

In AAVE, the third-person -s is often omitted. This is a systematic grammatical feature of the dialect, not a 'mistake' within that context.

In international business where neither speaker is native, the -s is often dropped without loss of meaning. However, for exams like IELTS/TOEFL, it is mandatory.

The -s ending comes from the Northumbrian dialect of Old English, where it was -es.

Inicios de conversación

What does your best friend do for fun?

Tell me about your pet's daily routine.

How does your favorite celebrity spend their time?

Describe how a machine in your house works.

Temas para diario

Write 5 sentences about what your mother or father does every morning.
Describe a typical day for a famous person you admire.
Explain how your favorite app works.
Write a character profile for a protagonist in a book you are reading.

Errores comunes

Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto


Incorrect

Correcto

Test Yourself

Completa el espacio en blanco con la forma correcta de 'work'.

My brother ___ at a bank.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: works
Como 'my brother' es 'he', añadimos -s al verbo.
¿Qué frase es correcta? Opción múltiple

Choose the grammatically correct sentence about a cat:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cat sleeps all day.
Un gato es 'it', así que añadimos -s a 'sleep'.
Encuentra y corrige el error en la frase. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

She wash her car every Sunday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She washes her car every Sunday.
Los verbos que terminan en -sh necesitan -es en la tercera persona del singular.

Score: /3

Ejercicios de practica

8 exercises
Fill in the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

He ___ (work) in an office.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: works
For 'He', we add -s to the verb 'work'.
Choose the correct sentence. Opción múltiple

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She doesn't like coffee.
In negative sentences, we use 'doesn't' and the base form of the verb.
Find the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

My brother study Spanish on Mondays.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: study
The subject 'My brother' (He) requires the verb to be 'studies'.
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Building

watch / he / TV / every / night

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He watches TV every night.
Subject + Verb(-es) + Object + Time expression.
What is the third-person form of 'Go'? Conjugation Drill

She ___ to the park.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: goes
'Go' is irregular and adds -es.
Match the subject with the correct verb form. Match Pairs

1. I / 2. She / 3. They

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-run, 2-runs, 3-run
Only 'She' takes the -s.
Is this rule true or false? True False Rule

We add -s to the verb when the subject is 'You'.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
The -s is only for He, She, and It.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Does your sister live here? B: No, she ___ in London.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: lives
The answer is an affirmative sentence with 'she', so we need 'lives'.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

10 exercises
Completa la frase con 'go'. Completar huecos

He ___ to the gym at 6 PM.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: goes
Corrige el error. Error Correction

The plane fly high in the sky.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The plane flies high in the sky.
Pon las palabras en el orden correcto. Sentence Reorder

every / He / Netflix / night / watches

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: He watches Netflix every night.
Traduce al inglés. Traducción

Ella tiene un gato.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has a cat.
¿Cuál es la correcta? Opción múltiple

My phone ___ a lot of battery.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: uses
Une lo siguiente: Match Pairs

Match the following:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I / play, He / plays, They / play, She / plays
Completa el texto. Completar huecos

The sun ___ (shine) brightly today.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: shines
Encuentra el error. Error Correction

Does he likes pizza?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Does he like pizza?
Reordena las palabras. Sentence Reorder

always / She / her / finishes / work

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She always finishes her work.
Traduce 'Él intenta aprender'. Traducción

He ___ to learn.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: tries

Score: /10

Preguntas frecuentes (8)

The verb `have` is irregular. Over hundreds of years, the 'v' sound was dropped in the third person to make it easier to say. So, `has` is just a shorter, irregular version of `haves`.

No! Modal verbs like `can`, `will`, `should`, and `must` never take an -s. You say `He can swim`, not `He cans swim`.

Uncountable nouns like `water`, `money`, or `sugar` are treated as `It`. So you add the -s: `The water boils at 100 degrees.`

It is `flies`. Because `fly` ends in a consonant (l) + y, you must change the `y` to `i` and add `es`.

In some dialects or very casual speech, people might drop the -s. However, in standard English and all formal situations, it is considered a mistake.

No. In the past tense, the verb form is usually the same for all people (e.g., `I worked`, `He worked`). This rule is only for the Present Simple.

If you use 'singular they' (when you don't know the gender or someone prefers it), you do NOT add the -s. You say `They work here`, even if you mean one person.

Practice 'shadowing' native speakers. When you hear a 'He' or 'She', listen for that 's' sound at the end of the next word. It takes time to become a habit!

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

Conjugación de la tercera persona (-a, -e)

English only has one special ending (-s), while Spanish has six.

French moderate

Troisième personne du singulier

The English -s is always pronounced, whereas French endings are often silent.

German high

Dritte Person Singular (-t)

German also changes the verb for 'you' and 'we', which English doesn't do.

Japanese none

None

Japanese speakers must learn to add a sound that doesn't exist in their grammar logic.

Arabic low

Al-mudaari' (Present tense prefixes)

Arabic distinguishes between 'he' and 'she' in the verb form, while English uses -s for both.

Chinese none

None

English grammar requires a physical change to the word, which is a new concept for Chinese speakers.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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