B1 verb Neutral 3 min de lectura

forby

/fɔrˈbyː/
Practícalo

Overview

The Norwegian word 'forby' translates directly to 'to officially ban something' in English. It is a transitive verb, meaning it requires a direct object. This word implies a formal, often legal or authoritative prohibition, making something impermissible.

Etymology: The word 'forby' is derived from Old Norse 'fyrirbjóða', which shares roots with similar words in other Germanic languages, such as German 'verbieten' and English 'forbid'. The 'for-' prefix often indicates a sense of prohibition or being against something, while '-by' relates to offering or commanding.

Grammar and Conjugation:

  • Infinitive: forby (to ban)
  • Present Tense: forbyr (bans)
  • Example: Regjeringen forbyr salg av alkohol etter midnatt. (The government bans the sale of alcohol after midnight.)
  • Past Tense: forbød (banned)
  • Example: De forbød røyking på offentlige steder. (They banned smoking in public places.)
  • Present Perfect: har forbudt (has banned)
  • Example: FN har forbudt bruk av kjemiske våpen. (The UN has banned the use of chemical weapons.)
  • Past Perfect: hadde forbudt (had banned)
  • Example: Før 1980 hadde de forbudt politiske demonstrasjoner. (Before 1980, they had banned political demonstrations.)
  • Imperative: Forby! (Ban!)

Usage and Context:

'Forby' is typically used in contexts where there is a clear authority imposing a restriction. This can include:

  1. 1Legal and Governmental Decrees: When laws, regulations, or official bodies prohibit certain actions, substances, or activities.
  • Example: Loven forbyr diskriminering basert på kjønn. (The law prohibits discrimination based on gender.)
  1. 1Institutional Rules: Within organizations, schools, or workplaces, 'forby' can refer to internal rules that disallow something.
  • Example: Skolen forbyr mobiltelefonbruk i timene. (The school bans mobile phone use during classes.)
  1. 1Moral or Ethical Prohibitions (less common, but possible): While 'forby' is strong, in some contexts, it can extend to strong moral disapproval that acts as a prohibition.
  • Example: Religionen forbyr visse matvarer. (The religion forbids certain foods.)

Synonyms and Related Terms:

  • Nekte: To deny, refuse. While related to restriction, 'nekte' is more about refusing permission rather than an official ban.
  • Forhindre: To prevent, hinder. Focuses on stopping something from happening, not necessarily through a ban.
  • Stoppe: To stop. A general term for cessation.
  • Avvise: To reject, dismiss. Can be used in contexts of not allowing something.

Antonyms:

  • Tillate: To allow, permit.
  • Godkjenne: To approve, authorize.
  • Akseptere: To accept.

Common Phrases/Collocations:

  • 'Forby loven' (To ban by law)
  • 'Forby import/eksport' (To ban import/export)
  • 'Forby offentlig samling' (To ban public gathering)

Understanding 'forby' requires recognizing its formal and authoritative nature. It's a definitive word indicating that something is no longer permissible, often with consequences for non-compliance.

Ejemplos

1

Regjeringen forbyr salg av alkohol etter klokken 22.

daily life, law

The government prohibits the sale of alcohol after 10 PM.

2

Det er forbudt å røyke innendørs på offentlige steder.

public regulations

It is forbidden to smoke indoors in public places.

3

Skolen har forbudt bruk av mobiltelefoner i timene.

education, school rules

The school has banned the use of mobile phones during classes.

4

Han forbød meg å fortelle det til noen.

personal interaction, command

He forbade me to tell anyone.

5

Loven forbyr diskriminering basert på etnisitet.

law, human rights

The law prohibits discrimination based on ethnicity.

Colocaciones comunes

forby røyking
forby alkohol
forby salg
forby import

Se confunde a menudo con

forby vs fordi

Sounds similar, but means 'because'.

Patrones gramaticales

Forby noe (å gjøre noe) Forby noen å gjøre noe Noe er forbudt

Cómo usarlo

Notas de uso

The verb 'forby' is a strong, formal term in Norwegian, indicating an official prohibition by an authority. It is typically used in legal, governmental, or institutional contexts. For example, 'Regjeringen har forbudt salg av engangsplast' (The government has forbidden the sale of single-use plastic). While it can be used in a more general sense to express a strong personal disapproval ('Jeg forbyr deg å gjøre det!' - I forbid you to do that!), this is less common and carries a more emphatic, almost theatrical tone. For less formal or less absolute prohibitions, other verbs might be used, such as 'hindre' (to prevent) or 'ikke tillate' (not to allow). 'Forby' is an irregular verb, with conjugations: 'forbyr' (present), 'forbød' (past), 'har forbudt' (present perfect). The noun form is 'forbud' (ban/prohibition). When referring to the thing that is banned, it often takes the preposition 'mot' (against), e.g., 'et forbud mot røyking' (a ban against smoking).

Errores comunes

Some learners might confuse 'forby' with 'forbi' (past/by), which has a similar sound but a completely different meaning. Another common mistake is misplacing the emphasis; the stress is on the first syllable: 'FOR-by'. Additionally, ensuring correct conjugation in different tenses can be challenging, particularly with irregular verbs. For instance, the past tense is 'forbød' and the perfect participle is 'forbudt'. Make sure to distinguish 'forby' (verb) from 'forbud' (noun, meaning prohibition or ban). These words are related but serve different grammatical functions. Also, avoid using 'forby' in contexts where a softer negation like 'ikke tillate' (not allow) would be more appropriate, as 'forby' implies a strong, official prohibition.

Origen de la palabra

From Old Norse 'fyrirbjóða', from 'fyrir-' (before, in front of, against) + 'bjóða' (to offer, to command). Cognate with Swedish 'förbjuda', Danish 'forbyde', German 'verbieten', Dutch 'verbieden', and English 'forbid'. The 'fyrir-' prefix evolved to 'for-' in Norwegian, and 'bjóða' retained its meaning related to commanding or offering, hence 'to command against' or 'to prohibit'.

Contexto cultural

In Norway, the concept of 'forby' (to officially ban something) often intersects with cultural values emphasizing public safety, environmental protection, and social welfare. For instance, bans on certain types of advertising (like tobacco or gambling) reflect a societal concern for public health. Restrictions on off-road driving or specific fishing practices underscore a strong cultural commitment to preserving Norway's natural landscapes and resources. Debates around 'forby' can also touch upon individual freedoms versus collective well-being, a common tension in many democratic societies. Historically, bans have played a role in shaping Norwegian society, from alcohol prohibition movements in the early 20th century to contemporary discussions about regulating electric scooters in urban areas. The legal framework surrounding bans is robust, reflecting a rule-of-law culture where such restrictions are typically implemented after careful consideration and public debate.

Truco para recordar

Think of 'forbid' in English, which sounds similar and means the same thing.

Preguntas frecuentes

4 preguntas

The Norwegian word for 'to officially ban something' is 'forby'. It's a common verb used in formal contexts to indicate that something is prohibited by authority or law. This word can be applied to various situations, such as banning certain substances, activities, or publications. Understanding 'forby' is essential for anyone dealing with Norwegian legal or administrative texts, as it signifies a clear and unambiguous prohibition. Its usage often implies a governmental or institutional decision to disallow something entirely, making it a strong and definitive term in the Norwegian language.

The word 'forby' is typically used in a sentence to express a prohibition. For example, 'Regjeringen har bestemt seg for å forby salg av tobakk til mindreårige' translates to 'The government has decided to forbid the sale of tobacco to minors.' Another example could be, 'Det er forbudt å forby ytringsfrihet,' meaning 'It is forbidden to ban freedom of speech.' It often appears in official statements, laws, or regulations. The structure generally follows the pattern of 'subject + forby + object,' clearly indicating what or who is being prohibited from doing something, or what action is being banned.

Yes, there are several synonyms and related words to 'forby' in Norwegian, though 'forby' often carries a stronger, more official connotation of prohibition. Some related terms include 'nekte' (to deny, refuse), 'hindre' (to hinder, prevent), and 'stanse' (to stop, halt). While these words can also imply a form of stopping or disallowing, 'forby' specifically refers to an official or legal ban. For instance, 'nekte' might be used for refusing permission, whereas 'forby' is for establishing a formal prohibition. The context usually dictates which word is most appropriate to convey the intended meaning.

The word 'forby' in Norwegian has its roots in Old Norse, stemming from 'fyrirbjóða,' which meant 'to forbid' or 'to prohibit.' This Old Norse term is a compound of 'fyrir' (before, in front of, against) and 'bjóða' (to offer, command, bid). Over time, the word evolved into its modern form, retaining its core meaning of commanding against something or officially prohibiting an action or item. Its etymology reflects a long-standing concept of authoritative prohibition within the Germanic languages, highlighting the historical importance of legal and social boundaries. Understanding its origin helps to appreciate the word's strong and definitive nature in contemporary Norwegian.

Ponte a prueba

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Regjeringen _______ all bruk av tobakk på offentlige steder.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
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Loven _______ salg av alkohol til mindreårige.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:
fill blank

De har _______ fiske i dette området på grunn av overfiske.

¡Correcto! No del todo. Respuesta correcta:

Puntuación: /3

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