At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn how to express your own thoughts. 'Az didgāh-e' might be a bit too formal for a beginner, but you can think of it as a fancy way to say 'I think'. In English, we say 'In my view'. In Persian, we say 'Az didgāh-e man'. At this stage, just remember that 'az' means 'from' and 'didgāh' is like a 'view'. You can use it to talk about very simple things, like your favorite color or your family, though 'be nazar-e man' is more common for beginners. Learning this word early helps you recognize it when you hear more advanced speakers talking or when you see it on the news. It's a compound word: Did (see) + gah (place). So it's the place from which you see things.
At the A2 level, you are starting to describe people and places in more detail. You can use 'az didgāh-e' to talk about how different people see the same thing. For example, you can say 'From the viewpoint of my mother, this food is good' (Az didgāh-e mādaram, in ghazā khub ast). This level is about moving beyond just 'I like' and 'I don't like' to attributing those feelings to a perspective. You should practice the 'ezafe' sound (the 'e' at the end of didgāh) which connects the word to the person. It's a great way to start sounding more like a native speaker who is careful with their words. You might also start seeing this word in simple children's stories where characters have different outlooks on a situation.
At the B1 level, you are expected to participate in conversations about familiar topics like work, school, and hobbies. 'Az didgāh-e' becomes very useful here for expressing opinions in a slightly more formal way. Instead of just saying 'I think the school is good', you can say 'From a student's viewpoint, the school is good' (Az didgāh-e yek dānesh-āmuz...). This allows you to speak more objectively. You can also start using it with simple abstract nouns like 'financial' (māli) or 'personal' (shakhsi). At this stage, you should be careful not to confuse it with 'be nazar-e', which is more for personal, immediate opinions. 'Az didgāh-e' implies you have thought about it a bit more deeply.
At the B2 level, which is where this word is officially categorized, you should be able to use 'az didgāh-e' to build complex arguments. You are now expected to discuss social issues, environmental problems, and professional topics. You should use this phrase to categorize your points. For example: 'From an economic viewpoint, this is bad, but from a social viewpoint, it is good.' This level of nuance is what separates a B2 learner from a B1 learner. You should also be comfortable using it with complex groups of people, such as 'from the viewpoint of the international community' or 'from the viewpoint of future generations'. Your grammar should be precise, ensuring the 'ezafe' is always correctly applied even with long noun phrases.
At the C1 level, you are functioning at an academic or professional level in Persian. 'Az didgāh-e' is no longer just a vocabulary word; it's a tool for structural organization in your writing and speaking. You should use it to introduce theoretical frameworks. For instance, in a literary analysis, you might discuss a poem 'from the viewpoint of psychoanalysis' (az didgāh-e ravān-kāvi). You should also be able to contrast 'didgāh' with its synonyms like 'manzar' or 'janbeh' to show a deep command of the language's nuances. At this level, you are likely reading newspapers, academic journals, and classical literature, where this phrase appears in very dense, sophisticated contexts. You should be able to identify the subtle shift in meaning when a writer chooses 'didgāh' over 'nazar'.
At the C2 level, you have a near-native or native-like command of Persian. You use 'az didgāh-e' with complete naturalness and can even play with its metaphorical roots. You might use it in philosophical debates to discuss the nature of perception itself. At this level, you are capable of critiquing the 'didgāh' of others in a sophisticated way, using phrases like 'didgāh-e darun-dini' (an intra-religious viewpoint) or 'didgāh-e farā-melli' (a trans-national viewpoint). You understand the historical evolution of the word and how its usage has changed in modern socio-political discourse. You can write long, complex treatises where 'az didgāh-e' serves as a recurring anchor for different sections of your analysis, showing a high level of rhetorical skill.

از دیدگاه در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A formal way to say 'from the viewpoint of' using the words 'az' (from) and 'didgāh' (viewpoint).
  • Essential for B2 level Persian to express structured opinions and academic perspectives clearly.
  • Requires the 'ezafe' (-e) to connect to the following noun or pronoun.
  • More professional and analytical than the common phrase 'be nazar-e' (in the opinion of).

The Persian phrase از دیدگاه (az didgāh) is a sophisticated compound prepositional phrase used primarily to introduce a specific perspective, viewpoint, or standpoint. At its core, it is composed of two distinct parts: the preposition az (meaning 'from') and the noun didgāh (meaning 'viewpoint' or 'outlook'). The word didgāh itself is a morphological masterpiece, combining the past stem of the verb didan (to see) with the suffix -gāh, which denotes a place or time. Therefore, etymologically, a 'didgāh' is the 'place of seeing' or the station from which one observes the world. When you use this phrase, you are mentally placing yourself or your subject at a specific vantage point to analyze a situation.

Formal Contexts
This phrase is the bread and butter of Iranian academia, journalism, and political discourse. If you are watching a news broadcast on IRIB or reading an editorial in a newspaper like 'Etela'at', you will encounter this phrase constantly. It signals that the speaker is moving away from personal feeling toward a more structured, categorical analysis. For example, a commentator might say, 'From the viewpoint of international law,' using this phrase to anchor their argument in a specific professional framework.
Subjective vs. Objective
While it can be used to mean 'in my opinion' (az didgāh-e man), it carries a weightier, more deliberative tone than the common 'be nazar-e man'. Using 'az didgāh' suggests that your opinion is based on a particular philosophy or set of observations rather than just a fleeting feeling. It is often followed by abstract nouns like 'economic', 'social', 'religious', or 'scientific' to narrow the scope of the discussion.

ما باید این موضوع را از دیدگاه تاریخی بررسی کنیم.

Translation: We must examine this subject from a historical perspective.

The versatility of this word allows it to function in both micro and macro contexts. On a micro level, you might discuss a problem from the viewpoint of a single character in a novel. On a macro level, you might discuss global warming from the viewpoint of developing nations. It is a tool for categorization. By stating the 'didgāh' first, you set the boundaries for the logic that follows. If you say 'From an economic viewpoint,' your audience knows to expect talk of prices, markets, and inflation, and they will forgive you for ignoring the emotional or aesthetic aspects of the topic for a moment.

این فیلم از دیدگاه منتقدان بسیار ضعیف بود.

Translation: This movie was very weak from the viewpoint of critics.

Furthermore, the word 'didgāh' by itself can be used to mean 'philosophy' or 'ideology'. When someone asks, 'Didgāh-e shomā chist?' (What is your viewpoint?), they aren't just asking what you see; they are asking about your fundamental belief system. It is a deep word that touches on how humans perceive reality. In a world of conflicting narratives, 'az didgāh-e' serves as a crucial linguistic bridge that allows speakers to acknowledge that different people see the same truth from different angles. It is essential for anyone aiming for B2 level proficiency because it allows for the construction of complex, nuanced arguments that are expected in university-level Persian or professional environments.

Using از دیدگاه correctly requires an understanding of the Persian 'Ezafe' construction. Since 'didgāh' is a noun, it must be linked to the following noun or pronoun using the short 'e' sound. This creates a possessive-like relationship: 'the viewpoint of [X]'. The structure is almost always: az didgāh-e + [Noun/Pronoun]. This is a fixed phrase, meaning you rarely see 'didgāh' without the 'az' when it is being used as a prepositional marker.

With Personal Pronouns
When attaching to pronouns, it looks like this: az didgāh-e man (from my viewpoint), az didgāh-e mā (from our viewpoint), az didgāh-e ishān (from their viewpoint - formal). In spoken Persian, people might shorten 'az didgāh-e man' to 'be nazar-am', but in writing, keeping the full form is much more prestigious.
With Abstract Concepts
This is where the phrase truly shines. You can place any abstract noun after it to create a specialized lens. Common pairings include az didgāh-e ravānshenāsi (from a psychological viewpoint), az didgāh-e falsafi (from a philosophical viewpoint), and az didgāh-e fanni (from a technical viewpoint). Note how the English translation often switches 'viewpoint of [noun]' to '[adjective] viewpoint'.

از دیدگاه جامعه‌شناسی، این پدیده بسیار جالب است.

Translation: From a sociological viewpoint, this phenomenon is very interesting.

One important grammatical nuance is the placement of the phrase within the sentence. Like most prepositional phrases in Persian, it usually appears at the beginning of the sentence to set the stage, or immediately after the subject. If you place it at the beginning, it acts as a frame for the entire statement. For example, 'From the viewpoint of the law, you are guilty.' Here, the 'viewpoint' defines the validity of the 'guilt'. If you moved it, the emphasis would shift slightly, but the meaning remains largely the same.

دولت این طرح را تنها از دیدگاه مالی می‌بیند.

Translation: The government sees this plan only from a financial viewpoint.

In advanced writing, you might see 'az didgāh-e' paired with 'nesbat be' (regarding). For instance, 'The viewpoint of the author regarding the war...' (didgāh-e nevisandeh nesbat be jang). Here, 'didgāh' is functioning as a standalone noun. However, as a learner, your most common use case will be the 'az ... e' structure. Remember that 'didgāh' is more formal than 'nazar'. If you are writing an essay for a Persian language exam (like the SAMFA), using 'az didgāh-e' instead of 'be nazar-e' will immediately signal to the examiner that you have a high level of academic vocabulary.

If you were to walk through the halls of the University of Tehran or sit in on a seminar at the Academy of Persian Language and Literature, you would hear از دیدگاه used in almost every other sentence. It is the hallmark of the Iranian intellectual class. It is used to create distance between the speaker and the subject, allowing for a more 'objective' or 'analytical' discussion. In common street Persian, people might prefer 'be nazar-am' (in my view), but as soon as the conversation turns to politics, religion, or science, 'az didgāh-e' makes its entrance.

Media and News
In the news, this phrase is used to attribute opinions to specific groups or entities without the journalist taking responsibility for the statement. 'From the viewpoint of the Foreign Ministry...' or 'From the viewpoint of the experts...' are standard ways to start a report. It allows the reporter to present multiple sides of an issue clearly.
Literary Criticism
Persian literature has a long tradition of commentary (Sharh). Modern critics use 'az didgāh-e' to apply Western or traditional theories to classical poetry. You might read an article titled 'Hafez from the viewpoint of structuralism'. This usage highlights how the word acts as a lens through which an object is viewed.

کارشناسان از دیدگاه زیست‌محیطی به این پروژه اعتراض کردند.

Translation: Experts protested this project from an environmental viewpoint.

In television debates—which are quite popular in Iran, especially during election cycles—candidates use this phrase to sound more authoritative. Instead of saying 'I think', they say 'From the viewpoint of our party's economic plan'. It shifts the focus from the individual to a system of thought. You will also hear it in religious sermons (Rowzeh or Khutbah), where a cleric might explain a Quranic verse 'from the viewpoint of various commentators'.

بسیاری از شاعران، عشق را از دیدگاه عرفانی توصیف کرده‌اند.

Translation: Many poets have described love from a mystical viewpoint.

Interestingly, you might also hear this in HR departments or corporate meetings in modern Iranian tech startups. As the business culture becomes more formalized and influenced by international standards, managers use 'az didgāh-e kārshonāsi' (from a professional/expert viewpoint) to provide feedback to employees. It helps in making the feedback feel less like a personal attack and more like a professional assessment. Understanding this word is therefore not just about language; it is about understanding the social hierarchy and the way Iranians navigate formal interactions.

Even though از دیدگاه is a common phrase, learners (and sometimes native speakers in casual speech) often stumble over its usage in formal writing. The most frequent error is the 'Preposition Mix-up'. Persian has several ways to say 'from the perspective of', and learners often combine elements of different phrases into one ungrammatical hybrid.

The 'Be' vs. 'Az' Confusion
Many learners confuse 'az didgāh-e' with 'be nazar-e'. You might hear someone say 'be didgāh-e man', which is incorrect. 'Didgāh' (viewpoint) requires 'az' (from), because you are looking *from* a point. 'Nazar' (opinion) requires 'be' (to/in), because it is *to* your sight/mind. Remember: Az didgāh, but Be nazar.
Dropping the Ezafe
In Persian writing, the 'ezafe' (the link-vowel) is often not written but must be pronounced. Beginners often forget to pronounce it, saying 'az didgāh man' instead of 'az didgāh-e man'. This makes the sentence sound choppy and uneducated. In formal text, if the following word starts with a vowel, the ezafe might be represented by a small 'ye' over the 'he' of didgāh (though 'didgāh' ends in 'he' only in sound, it's actually 'h' in script, so it's just 'didgāh-e').

Incorrect: به دیدگاه من، این کار اشتباه است.
Correct: از دیدگاه من، این کار اشتباه است.

Another mistake is using 'az didgāh-e' for physical vision. If you are standing on a mountain and talking about the view, you should use 'cheshm-andāz' (landscape/view) or 'manzareh' (scenery). 'Didgāh' is almost exclusively for intellectual or metaphorical viewpoints. Saying 'The didgāh from this window is beautiful' would sound very strange to a native speaker; it would imply the window has a philosophical opinion about the garden!

نباید مسائل را فقط از دیدگاه شخصی خودمان بسنجیم.

Translation: We should not judge issues only from our own personal viewpoint.

Finally, watch out for redundancy. Sometimes learners say 'az didgāh-e nazar-e man'. This is like saying 'from the viewpoint of the opinion of me'. Choose one or the other. If you want to be formal, stick with 'az didgāh-e'. If you are among friends, 'be nazar-e' is perfectly fine. Overusing formal language in casual settings can make you sound 'asā-ghurt-dādeh' (like you swallowed a cane—stiff and pretentious), so use 'az didgāh-e' when the topic actually warrants a serious perspective.

Persian is a language rich in synonyms, each carrying a slightly different shade of meaning or level of formality. While از دیدگاه is highly versatile, knowing its alternatives will help you understand more complex texts and vary your own speech. The most common synonyms are 'az nazar-e', 'az manzar-e', and 'be aqideh-ye'.

از منظر (Az Manzar-e)
This is perhaps the closest synonym to 'az didgāh-e'. 'Manzar' comes from the Arabic root for 'seeing' (n-z-r). It is extremely formal and often used in literary or highly academic contexts. While 'didgāh' suggests a 'place' where you stand, 'manzar' suggests the 'aspect' or 'facet' of the thing you are looking at. They are 90% interchangeable in academic writing.
از نظر (Az Nazar-e)
This is slightly less formal than 'didgāh' but more formal than 'be nazar'. It is very common in journalism. It often translates to 'in terms of' or 'from the standpoint of'. For example, 'az nazar-e eqtesādi' (in economic terms). It is shorter and punchier than 'az didgāh-e'.
به عقیده (Be Aqideh-ye)
This specifically means 'in the belief of' or 'according to the conviction of'. Use this when the perspective is rooted in a firm belief or ideology rather than just a neutral analysis. 'Be aqideh-ye dāneshmandān' (In the belief of scientists) implies they hold this as a proven truth.

او موضوع را از زاویه‌ای دیگر بررسی کرد.

Translation: He examined the subject from another angle (zāvieh).

Another useful alternative is az janbeh-ye (from the aspect of). This is used when a single subject has multiple sides, and you want to focus on just one. For instance, 'az janbeh-ye Akhlāqi' (from the moral aspect). While 'didgāh' is about where *you* stand, 'janbeh' is about the *property* of the thing itself. Lastly, nuqteh-nazar is a direct loan-translation of the English 'point of view'. While common, many purists prefer the more traditional 'didgāh'.

PhraseFormalityBest Use Case
Az Didgāh-eHighAcademic/Formal Essays
Be Nazar-eNeutralEveryday Opinions
Az Manzar-eVery HighLiterary Criticism
Az Lehāz-eNeutralTechnical/Categorical

In summary, choose 'az didgāh-e' when you want to sound thoughtful, structured, and professional. It is the 'gold standard' for expressing perspectives in the Persian-speaking world. By mastering its nuances and knowing when to use its synonyms, you will be able to navigate even the most complex intellectual discussions in Persian with confidence and grace.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The suffix '-gāh' is the same one found in 'university' (dāneshgāh - place of knowledge) and 'airport' (forudgāh - place of landing).

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /æz diːdˈɡɒː/
US /æz diːdˈɡɑː/
The primary stress is on the second syllable of 'didgāh' (-gāh).
هم‌قافیه با
ایستگاه (istgāh) دانشگاه (dāneshgāh) فرودگاه (forudgāh) خوابگاه (khābgāh) پناهگاه (panāhgāh) گاه (gāh) آرامگاه (ārāmgāh) ورزشگاه (varzeshgāh)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'az' as 'oz'.
  • Shortening the long 'i' in 'did' to a short 'i' like 'did' in English.
  • Forgetting to pronounce the ezafe (-e) when followed by a noun.
  • Pronouncing 'gāh' like 'gay'.
  • Putting the stress on 'az' instead of 'gāh'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in texts, but requires understanding the ezafe and abstract nouns that follow.

نوشتن 5/5

Requires precision in formal writing and choosing the right abstract adjectives.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Natural in formal debates but can sound overly stiff in casual chats.

گوش دادن 3/5

Easily recognizable once the 'did' root is known.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

از (from) دیدن (to see) نظریه (theory) نظر (opinion) گاه (place/time)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

منظر (perspective) تحلیل (analysis) بررسی (investigation) جنبه (aspect) لحاظ (respect/term)

پیشرفته

هرمنوتیک (hermeneutics) معرفت‌شناسی (epistemology) پارادایم (paradigm) رویکرد (approach) موضع‌گیری (stance)

گرامر لازم

The Ezafe Construction

دیدگاهِ من (didgāh-e man)

Compound Prepositions

از + دیدگاه + -e

Adjective Agreement with Viewpoint

دیدگاهِ سیاسی (political viewpoint)

Pluralization of Compound Nouns

دیدگاه‌ها (viewpoints)

Formal vs. Informal Pronouns in Viewpoints

از دیدگاهِ ایشان (formal) vs. از دیدگاهِ آنها (neutral)

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

از دیدگاه من، این گل زیبا است.

From my viewpoint, this flower is beautiful.

Simple usage with personal pronoun 'man'.

2

از دیدگاه او، مدرسه خوب است.

From his/her viewpoint, the school is good.

Using 'u' as the third person singular pronoun.

3

از دیدگاه ما، تهران بزرگ است.

From our viewpoint, Tehran is big.

Using 'mā' as the first person plural pronoun.

4

از دیدگاه برادرم، این فیلم کمدی است.

From my brother's viewpoint, this movie is a comedy.

Using a family member noun with the ezafe.

5

از دیدگاه گربه، این خانه گرم است.

From the cat's viewpoint, this house is warm.

Simple animal noun as the subject of perspective.

6

از دیدگاه آنها، غذا تند نیست.

From their viewpoint, the food is not spicy.

Using 'ānhā' as the third person plural pronoun.

7

از دیدگاه من، آبی رنگ قشنگی است.

From my viewpoint, blue is a pretty color.

Expressing a simple aesthetic preference.

8

از دیدگاه پدرم، کار مهم است.

From my father's viewpoint, work is important.

Expressing a simple value judgment.

1

از دیدگاه یک توریست، ایران بسیار دیدنی است.

From a tourist's viewpoint, Iran is very worth seeing.

Using an indefinite noun 'yek tourist'.

2

از دیدگاه بچه‌ها، بازی بهترین کار است.

From children's viewpoint, playing is the best thing to do.

Using a plural noun 'bachche-hā'.

3

از دیدگاه معلم، درس امروز آسان بود.

From the teacher's viewpoint, today's lesson was easy.

Attributing an opinion to a professional role.

4

از دیدگاه من، این لباس برای مهمانی مناسب است.

From my viewpoint, this dress is suitable for the party.

Using 'monāseb' (suitable) to express an opinion.

5

از دیدگاه علی، ورزش برای سلامتی لازم است.

From Ali's viewpoint, exercise is necessary for health.

Using a proper name 'Ali' with the ezafe.

6

از دیدگاه من، کتاب خواندن لذت‌بخش است.

From my viewpoint, reading books is enjoyable.

Expressing an opinion about an activity.

7

از دیدگاه همسایه‌ها، محله ما آرام است.

From the neighbors' viewpoint, our neighborhood is quiet.

Using 'hamsāye-hā' (neighbors).

8

از دیدگاه پزشک، شما باید بیشتر استراحت کنید.

From the doctor's viewpoint, you should rest more.

Using a professional's advice as a viewpoint.

1

از دیدگاه اقتصادی، خرید این ماشین به صرفه نیست.

From an economic viewpoint, buying this car is not cost-effective.

Using an abstract adjective 'eqtesādi'.

2

او به مسائل فقط از دیدگاه شخصی خودش نگاه می‌کند.

He only looks at issues from his own personal viewpoint.

Using 'shakhsi' (personal) with 'khodash' (himself).

3

از دیدگاه علمی، این ادعا هنوز ثابت نشده است.

From a scientific viewpoint, this claim has not been proven yet.

Using 'elmi' (scientific) to qualify the statement.

4

باید این مشکل را از دیدگاه یک مدیر بررسی کرد.

One must examine this problem from a manager's viewpoint.

Using the 'bāyad' (must) construction with the phrase.

5

از دیدگاه من، سفر کردن بهترین راه برای یادگیری است.

From my viewpoint, traveling is the best way to learn.

Expressing a more complex philosophical opinion.

6

از دیدگاه جامعه، این رفتار پسندیده نیست.

From society's viewpoint, this behavior is not acceptable.

Using 'jāme'eh' (society) as the source of perspective.

7

از دیدگاه فنی، وب‌سایت نیاز به تعمیر دارد.

From a technical viewpoint, the website needs repair.

Using 'fanni' (technical) to narrow the scope.

8

از دیدگاه نویسنده، قهرمان داستان بسیار تنهاست.

From the author's viewpoint, the story's hero is very lonely.

Analyzing a literary character's state.

1

از دیدگاه حقوق بشر، این قوانین باید تغییر کنند.

From a human rights viewpoint, these laws must change.

Using a complex compound noun 'huquq-e bashar'.

2

ما باید به تاریخ از دیدگاه متفاوتی بنگریم.

We must look at history from a different viewpoint.

Using the verb 'negaristan' (to look/gaze) which is formal.

3

از دیدگاه کارشناسان، نرخ تورم کاهش خواهد یافت.

From the viewpoint of experts, the inflation rate will decrease.

Using 'kārshonāsān' (experts) in a formal forecast.

4

این مسئله از دیدگاه مذهبی بسیار حساس است.

This issue is very sensitive from a religious viewpoint.

Using 'hasās' (sensitive) to describe the nature of the topic.

5

از دیدگاه زیست‌محیطی، استفاده از پلاستیک خطرناک است.

From an environmental viewpoint, using plastic is dangerous.

Using the complex adjective 'zist-mohiti'.

6

فیلسوفان جهان را از دیدگاه‌های مختلفی توصیف کرده‌اند.

Philosophers have described the world from various viewpoints.

Using the plural 'didgāh-hā'.

7

از دیدگاه سیاسی، این توافق برای هر دو کشور مفید است.

From a political viewpoint, this agreement is beneficial for both countries.

Using 'siāsi' (political) in a diplomatic context.

8

باید این اثر هنری را از دیدگاه زیبایی‌شناسی نقد کرد.

One must critique this artwork from an aesthetic viewpoint.

Using the specialized term 'zibāyi-shenāsi' (aesthetics).

1

تحلیل این متن از دیدگاه ساختارگرایی نتایج جالبی دارد.

Analyzing this text from a structuralist viewpoint yields interesting results.

Using the academic term 'sākhtār-garāyi'.

2

از دیدگاه روان‌کاوی، این رویاها ریشه در کودکی دارند.

From a psychoanalytic viewpoint, these dreams are rooted in childhood.

Using 'ravān-kāvi' (psychoanalysis).

3

از دیدگاه جامعه‌شناختی، فقر عاملی برای افزایش جرم است.

From a sociological viewpoint, poverty is a factor in increasing crime.

Using the formal adjective 'jāme'eh-shenākhti'.

4

این پدیده را می‌توان از دیدگاه فیزیک کوانتوم توضیح داد.

This phenomenon can be explained from the viewpoint of quantum physics.

Using the 'mi-tavān' (one can) passive construction.

5

از دیدگاه منتقدین ادبی، این رمان شاهکار قرن است.

From the viewpoint of literary critics, this novel is the masterpiece of the century.

Using 'mon-taqedin-e adabi' (literary critics).

6

باید سیاست‌های دولت را از دیدگاه عدالت اجتماعی سنجید.

Government policies must be measured from the viewpoint of social justice.

Using 'edālat-e ejtemā'i' (social justice).

7

از دیدگاه تاریخی، این جنگ نقطه عطفی در منطقه بود.

From a historical viewpoint, this war was a turning point in the region.

Using 'nuqteh-ye atf' (turning point).

8

او نظریات خود را از دیدگاه منطق ارسطویی بیان کرد.

He expressed his theories from the viewpoint of Aristotelian logic.

Using 'manteq-e arastuyi' (Aristotelian logic).

1

واکاوی مفاهیم هستی‌شناختی از دیدگاه ملاصدرا ضروری است.

Analyzing ontological concepts from Mulla Sadra's viewpoint is essential.

Using high-level philosophical vocabulary like 'vākāvi' and 'hasti-shenākhti'.

2

از دیدگاه پدیدارشناسی، آگاهی همیشه آگاهی از چیزی است.

From a phenomenological viewpoint, consciousness is always consciousness of something.

Translating complex Husserlian concepts into Persian.

3

او به بازخوانی متون کلاسیک از دیدگاه پسامدرن پرداخت.

He engaged in re-reading classical texts from a postmodern viewpoint.

Using 'pasā-modern' (postmodern) and 'bāz-khāni' (re-reading).

4

از دیدگاه فرامادی، مرگ پایان زندگی نیست.

From a transcendental viewpoint, death is not the end of life.

Using 'farā-mādi' (transcendental/beyond material).

5

تبیین تضادهای طبقاتی از دیدگاه مارکسیستی تخصص اوست.

Explaining class contradictions from a Marxist viewpoint is his specialty.

Using 'tabyin' (explanation/elucidation) and 'tazād-hā-ye tabaqāti'.

6

از دیدگاه زبان‌شناختی، این واژه ریشه‌ای هندواروپایی دارد.

From a linguistic viewpoint, this word has an Indo-European root.

Using 'zabān-shenākhti' (linguistic).

7

نقد قدرت از دیدگاه فوکویی در این مقاله بررسی شده است.

The critique of power from a Foucauldian viewpoint is examined in this article.

Using the adjective 'Fukuyi' derived from Foucault.

8

از دیدگاه عرفان اسلامی، انسان مظهر تجلی صفات الهی است.

From the viewpoint of Islamic mysticism, man is the manifestation of divine attributes.

Using 'mazhar-e tajalli' (manifestation of revelation).

ترکیب‌های رایج

از دیدگاه اقتصادی
از دیدگاه مذهبی
از دیدگاه سیاسی
از دیدگاه علمی
از دیدگاه روان‌شناسی
از دیدگاه حقوقی
از دیدگاه شخصی
از دیدگاه هنری
از دیدگاه تاریخی
از دیدگاه کارشناسی

عبارات رایج

از دیدگاه من

— From my viewpoint. Used to introduce a personal but considered opinion.

از دیدگاه من، این بهترین گزینه است.

از دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران

— From the viewpoint of experts/authorities. Used in news reporting.

از دیدگاه صاحب‌نظران، بازار در حال تغییر است.

از دیدگاه کلی

— From a general viewpoint. Used to provide an overview.

از دیدگاه کلی، وضعیت رو به بهبود است.

تغییر دیدگاه

— Changing one's viewpoint/outlook.

او پس از سفر، دچار تغییر دیدگاه شد.

اشتراک دیدگاه

— Having a shared viewpoint/agreement.

ما در این مورد اشتراک دیدگاه داریم.

تضاد دیدگاه

— Conflict of viewpoints.

تضاد دیدگاه بین دو حزب وجود دارد.

تبادل دیدگاه

— Exchange of viewpoints/ideas.

آنها برای تبادل دیدگاه با هم ملاقات کردند.

از دیدگاه انتقادی

— From a critical viewpoint.

او کتاب را از دیدگاه انتقادی بررسی کرد.

از دیدگاه فلسفی

— From a philosophical viewpoint.

این سوال را باید از دیدگاه فلسفی پاسخ داد.

از دیدگاه منطقی

— From a logical viewpoint.

از دیدگاه منطقی، حرف شما درست نیست.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

از دیدگاه vs به نظر

Used for personal, less formal opinions. 'Az didgāh' is for more structured perspectives.

از دیدگاه vs در نظر

Means 'in mind' or 'to consider', not 'from the viewpoint of'.

از دیدگاه vs چشم‌انداز

Refers to a physical view or a future outlook/prospect, not an intellectual viewpoint.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"دیدگاه وسیع داشتن"

— To have a broad perspective or be open-minded.

او به عنوان یک رهبر، دیدگاه وسیعی دارد.

Formal
"از دیدگاه مادی"

— Looking at things only through a materialistic lens.

او همه چیز را از دیدگاه مادی می‌بیند.

Neutral
"دیدگاه خود را تحمیل کردن"

— To impose one's viewpoint on others.

سعی نکن دیدگاه خودت را به من تحمیل کنی.

Informal/Neutral
"از دیدگاه بالا به پایین"

— A top-down perspective (often hierarchical).

مدیریت باید از دیدگاه بالا به پایین پرهیز کند.

Business
"تنگ‌نظری در دیدگاه"

— Narrow-mindedness in one's viewpoint.

تنگ‌نظری در دیدگاه مانع پیشرفت می‌شود.

Formal
"دیدگاه ابزاری"

— An instrumentalist viewpoint (seeing things only as tools).

او به انسان‌ها دیدگاه ابزاری دارد.

Academic
"از دیدگاه سنتی"

— From a traditional viewpoint.

از دیدگاه سنتی، این کار درست نیست.

Neutral
"دیدگاه روشن‌فکرانه"

— An intellectual or enlightened viewpoint.

او همیشه دیدگاه روشن‌فکرانه‌ای دارد.

Formal
"از دیدگاه واقع‌بینانه"

— From a realistic viewpoint.

بیایید از دیدگاه واقع‌بینانه به موضوع نگاه کنیم.

Neutral
"دیدگاه صفر و یکی"

— Binary or black-and-white thinking (viewpoint).

او در سیاست دیدگاه صفر و یکی دارد.

Informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

از دیدگاه vs منظر

Both mean viewpoint/perspective.

'Manzar' is more literary and often refers to the 'aspect' of the object. 'Didgāh' is the 'station' of the observer.

از منظرِ زیباشناسی (From an aesthetic aspect).

از دیدگاه vs نظریه

Both relate to ideas.

'Nazarieh' is a formal 'theory' (e.g., Theory of Relativity). 'Didgāh' is a general 'viewpoint'.

نظریه نسبیت (Theory of Relativity).

از دیدگاه vs عقیده

Both express what someone thinks.

'Aqideh' implies a deep belief or faith. 'Didgāh' can be a temporary analytical lens.

عقیده مذهبی (Religious belief).

از دیدگاه vs لحاظ

Both categorize a statement.

'Lehāz' is usually used in the phrase 'az lehāz-e' meaning 'in terms of'. It is less about a 'view' and more about a 'category'.

از لحاظِ کیفی (In terms of quality).

از دیدگاه vs زاویه

Both use spatial metaphors.

'Zāvieh' is literally 'angle'. It is used more for 'a different way of looking' (az zāvieh-ye digar).

از این زاویه نگاه کن (Look from this angle).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

از دیدگاه من، [Noun] [Adjective] است.

از دیدگاه من، چای گرم است.

A2

از دیدگاه [Person]، [Sentence].

از دیدگاه مریم، این کتاب جالب است.

B1

باید موضوع را از دیدگاه [Abstract Noun] دید.

باید موضوع را از دیدگاه علمی دید.

B2

از دیدگاه [Group/Field]، این مسئله [Adjective] به نظر می‌رسد.

از دیدگاه جامعه‌شناسان، این مسئله پیچیده به نظر می‌رسد.

C1

با واکاوی موضوع از دیدگاه [Theory]، می‌توان دریافت که...

با واکاوی موضوع از دیدگاه ساختارگرایی، می‌توان دریافت که...

C1

تفاوت‌های بنیادین از دیدگاه [Field A] و [Field B]...

تفاوت‌های بنیادین از دیدگاه فلسفی و حقوقی...

C2

تبیینِ [Concept] از دیدگاهِ [Philosopher] مستلزمِ...

تبیینِ حقیقت از دیدگاهِ کانت مستلزمِ...

C2

از این دیدگاه که [Clause]، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت...

از این دیدگاه که انسان موجودی مختار است، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت...

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

دید (did - sight/view)
دیدار (didār - meeting/visit)
دیده (dideh - eye/seen)
دیدبان (didehbān - sentry/observer)
بازدید (bāzdid - inspection/visit)

فعل‌ها

دیدن (didan - to see)
دیده شدن (dideh shodan - to be seen)
بازدید کردن (bāzdid kardan - to visit/inspect)

صفت‌ها

دیدنی (didani - worth seeing)
دیده (dideh - experienced/seen)
ناپدید (nāpadid - invisible)

مرتبط

منظر
نگاه
چشم‌انداز
نظریه
بینش

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Highly frequent in written and formal spoken Persian.

اشتباهات رایج
  • به دیدگاه من از دیدگاه من

    The word 'didgāh' requires the preposition 'az' (from), not 'be' (to).

  • از دیدگاه من، به نظر من از دیدگاه من

    Using both is redundant. Choose one or the other.

  • از دیدگاهِ زیبا از این دیدگاهِ زیبا / منظرهٔ زیبا

    If you mean a 'beautiful view' (scenery), use 'manzareh'. 'Didgāh' is for intellectual viewpoints.

  • از دیدگاه علمی است از دیدگاه علمی، [جمله]

    'Az didgāh-e' is a prepositional phrase, not a standalone sentence. It needs to modify a statement.

  • از دیدگاهِ من، او اشتباه می‌کنه از دیدگاهِ من، او اشتباه می‌کند

    In formal writing, don't use the informal 'koneh'; use the full 'mikonad' with 'az didgāh-e'.

نکات

Master the Ezafe

Always remember the short 'e' sound at the end of 'didgāh' when you link it to a noun. It's the key to sounding fluent.

Elevate Your Writing

Replace 'be nazar-e man' with 'az didgāh-e in-jāneb' (from the viewpoint of this humble servant) in very formal letters.

Learn the Adjectives

Learn adjectives like 'eqtesādi' (economic) and 'ejtemā'i' (social) to use with this phrase immediately.

Pause for Effect

In a speech, say 'Az didgāh-e...' and then pause slightly before the noun to emphasize the perspective you are about to present.

News Keywords

This is a high-frequency keyword in news. When you hear it, prepare to hear an official opinion or a specific analysis.

Respect Perspectives

Iranians value 'didgāh' because it shows you are looking at the 'big picture' (did-e vasi').

Formal Emails

Use it to introduce your professional stance: 'Az didgāh-e fanni, in prozh-e...' (From a technical viewpoint, this project...)

The 'Gah' Rule

Remember other '-gāh' words (dāneshgāh, forudgāh) to anchor 'didgāh' in your memory as a 'place'.

Did vs. Nazar

'Did' is about seeing; 'Nazar' is about thinking. 'Didgāh' implies a visual perspective metaphor.

Daily Practice

Every day, try to state one thing from the viewpoint of your pet or a family member using 'az didgāh-e'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Did' as 'Deed' (something you see done) and 'Gah' as 'Garage' (a place). So 'Did-gah' is the 'place where you see the deed'—your viewpoint.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine standing on a high balcony (a 'didgāh') looking down at a city. Depending on which balcony you stand on, the city looks different. That is your 'az didgāh'.

شبکه واژگان

Vision Perspective Opinion Lens Standpoint Outlook Angle Frame

چالش

Try to describe your favorite movie from three different 'didgāh's: financial, emotional, and artistic.

ریشه کلمه

Persian compound. 'Az' is from Old Persian 'hacă' (from). 'Didgāh' is from 'did' (past stem of didan, to see) + '-gāh' (suffix of place).

معنای اصلی: Literally 'from the place of seeing'. It referred to a physical vantage point or lookout post before becoming metaphorical.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

بافت فرهنگی

While neutral, be aware that using 'az didgāh-e' for religious topics requires a respectful tone in Iran, as it implies a systematic analysis of faith.

English speakers often say 'In my opinion' or 'From my perspective'. 'Az didgāh-e' is the closest formal equivalent to 'From the perspective of'.

Used extensively in the works of modern Persian thinkers like Abdolkarim Soroush. Common in the titles of academic papers at Tehran University. Frequently heard in the 'Dialogue Among Civilizations' speeches by Mohammad Khatami.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Academic Writing

  • از دیدگاه نظری
  • از دیدگاه تجربی
  • از دیدگاه آماری
  • از دیدگاه متدولوژیک

Politics/News

  • از دیدگاه دولت
  • از دیدگاه اپوزیسیون
  • از دیدگاه استراتژیک
  • از دیدگاه امنیت ملی

Business

  • از دیدگاه مشتری
  • از دیدگاه سودآوری
  • از دیدگاه بازاریابی
  • از دیدگاه رقابتی

Art/Literature

  • از دیدگاه نمادین
  • از دیدگاه زیبایی‌شناسی
  • از دیدگاه ساختاری
  • از دیدگاه محتوایی

Personal Growth

  • تغییر دیدگاه نسبت به زندگی
  • از دیدگاه مثبت
  • از دیدگاه واقع‌گرایانه
  • وسعت دیدگاه

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"شما این موضوع را از چه دیدگاهی می‌بینید؟ (From what viewpoint do you see this issue?)"

"آیا می‌توان این مشکل را از دیدگاه اقتصادی حل کرد؟ (Can this problem be solved from an economic viewpoint?)"

"از دیدگاه شما، مهم‌ترین چالش جامعه امروز چیست؟ (From your viewpoint, what is the most important challenge of today's society?)"

"چرا دیدگاه‌های مردم در مورد این فیلم متفاوت است؟ (Why are people's viewpoints about this movie different?)"

"اگر از دیدگاه من به قضیه نگاه کنی، مرا درک می‌کنی. (If you look at the matter from my viewpoint, you will understand me.)"

موضوعات نگارش

امروز یک اتفاق را از دیدگاه صمیمی‌ترین دوستتان بنویسید. (Write about an event today from the viewpoint of your best friend.)

چگونه دیدگاه شما نسبت به یادگیری زبان در یک سال گذشته تغییر کرده است؟ (How has your viewpoint on language learning changed in the past year?)

یک مشکل جهانی را از دو دیدگاه کاملاً متفاوت تحلیل کنید. (Analyze a global problem from two completely different viewpoints.)

دیدگاه شما در مورد خوشبختی چیست؟ (What is your viewpoint on happiness?)

اگر می‌توانستید جهان را از دیدگاه یک پرنده ببینید، چه چیزی تغییر می‌کرد؟ (If you could see the world from a bird's viewpoint, what would change?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, but it sounds very formal. Use it in essays or debates. For daily life, use 'be nazar-am'.

Yes, it is a compound noun made of 'did' and 'gāh', but it is written as one word in Persian.

When you want to say 'from the viewpoint of', yes. If you are just saying 'The viewpoint is...', you don't need 'az'.

The plural is 'didgāh-hā'. You use it when discussing multiple perspectives.

No, that is a common mistake. It must be 'az didgāh-e man'.

Rarely in this exact form. Modern academic Persian uses it much more than Rumi or Hafez did.

You say 'az didgāh-e motafāvet' or 'az didgāhi digar'.

Absolutely. It is the perfect phrase for analyzing a business situation from different angles (financial, marketing, etc.).

'Az didgāh-e' is slightly more formal and implies a deeper level of analysis than 'az nazar-e'.

It is pronounced as one word and usually written without a space (دیدگاه).

خودت رو بسنج 199 سوال

writing

Write: 'From my viewpoint, the cat is small.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From Ali's viewpoint, the book is good.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From an economic viewpoint, this is expensive.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'We must look at the problem from a social viewpoint.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a sociological viewpoint, poverty is a crisis.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From our viewpoint, Tehran is big.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From the teacher's viewpoint, you are a good student.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From my personal viewpoint, this is a mistake.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a legal viewpoint, this action is illegal.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'This issue must be analyzed from a historical viewpoint.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From his viewpoint, the water is cold.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From the children's viewpoint, playing is fun.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a technical viewpoint, the car is broken.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a political viewpoint, this agreement is good.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a philosophical viewpoint, what is truth?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From my viewpoint, life is beautiful.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From my father's viewpoint, work is important.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'From a scientific viewpoint, this is true.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write: 'Experts look at the matter from an environmental viewpoint.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From my viewpoint, Persian is beautiful.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From my mother's viewpoint, the tea is hot.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From an economic viewpoint, I am poor.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a legal viewpoint, you are right.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'Analyze the text from a structuralist viewpoint.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From your viewpoint, what is this?'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From Ali's viewpoint, the car is slow.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From my personal viewpoint, this is good.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a political viewpoint, this is a risk.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a historical viewpoint, this is important.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From our viewpoint, the house is cold.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From the children's viewpoint, school is boring.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a scientific viewpoint, this works.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From an environmental viewpoint, this is bad.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a philosophical viewpoint, define life.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From his viewpoint, the cat is black.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From the teacher's viewpoint, you are smart.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a technical viewpoint, fix this.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a religious viewpoint, this is holy.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say: 'From a sociological viewpoint, help them.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e man'. What was said?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the person: 'Az didgāh-e mādar-am'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the field: 'Az didgāh-e eqtesādi'. Which field?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the field: 'Az didgāh-e siāsi'. Which field?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the field: 'Az didgāh-e falsafi'. Which field?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e to'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e bachche-hā'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e shakhsi'. What kind?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e huquqi'. What kind?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e tārikhi'. What kind?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e mā'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e Ali'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e elmi'. What kind?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e kārshonāsān'. Who?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify: 'Az didgāh-e ravānshenāsi'. What kind?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

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