At the A1 level, you should focus on the simpler version of this word: 'fāmil'. However, knowing 'khishavand' helps you recognize formal speech. At this stage, just understand that 'khishavand budan' means 'to be family.' You might hear it in very basic introductions. Remember the word 'khish' sounds a bit like 'she' if you reverse it, and 'vand' is like 'bond.' So, a 'khish-bond' is a bond with your own people. Focus on the sentence: 'Mā bā ham khishavand hastim' (We are related). Don't worry about complex grammar yet; just treat it as a fixed phrase for 'being related.' You will mostly use it to answer the question 'Are you related?' in a polite way. It is important to start noticing the preposition 'ba' (with) even at this early stage, as it is the key to using the verb correctly later on. Think of it as 'I am with him a relative.'
At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'khishavand budan' in slightly more structured sentences. You should be able to conjugate the verb 'budan' in the present and simple past. For example, 'U bā man khishavand bud' (He was related to me). You should also learn the word 'khishavand' as a noun for 'a relative.' At this level, you are moving beyond just 'mother' and 'father' to the general concept of kinship. You can use this word when talking about your family tree in a class presentation. It adds a touch of formality that shows you are progressing in your studies. You should also be able to distinguish between 'khishavand' and 'dust' (friend). A common exercise at this level is identifying who in a story is a 'khishavand' and who is just an 'ashnā' (acquaintance). Start practicing the pronunciation carefully, ensuring the 'kh' sound is soft but distinct, and the 'v' is clearly articulated.
At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'khishavand budan' correctly with its required preposition 'ba.' You should understand the nuance between this formal term and the informal 'fāmil budan.' You can now use it in more complex sentences involving conjunctions like 'chon' (because) or 'vali' (but). For example: 'Chon mā bā ham khishavand hastim, bayad be ham komak konim' (Because we are related, we must help each other). You should also be aware of the noun form 'khishavandi' (kinship/relationship). At this stage, you might encounter this word in intermediate reading passages about Iranian culture or family values. You should be able to use it to describe not just people, but also related concepts in a metaphorical sense, such as 'related languages' or 'related ideas.' This level requires you to be comfortable with the word in both spoken and written forms, though you will still primarily hear it in more formal or respectful settings.
At the B2 level, you should have a firm grasp of 'khishavand budan' and its various derivatives. You should be able to use it in the subjunctive mood and in various compound tenses. For example: 'Kāsh bā u khishavand budam' (I wish I were related to him). You should also understand the cultural implications of the word, such as the 'Selle-ye Rahem' (maintaining family ties). At this level, you can use the word to discuss social issues, such as nepotism (party-bazi) or the importance of family networks in Iranian business. You should be able to compare 'khishavand budan' with synonyms like 'qarābat dāshtan' and explain why one is chosen over the other in a specific context. Your vocabulary should also include 'khishavand-e nazdik' (close relative) and 'khishavand-e dur' (distant relative). You are now using the word not just to state a fact, but to convey a specific tone of respect or formality in your communication.
At the C1 level, you use 'khishavand budan' with the precision of a native speaker. You understand its literary roots and can recognize it in classical poetry or advanced academic texts. You are aware of the etymological connection between 'khish' and 'khish-tan' (self). You can use the verb in complex legal or philosophical discussions. For example, you might discuss the 'legal implications of being related' (āsar-e hoquqi-ye khishavand budan). You should also be familiar with archaic or highly formal variations like 'nesbat-e khishavandi dāshtan.' At this level, you can appreciate the subtle differences in register between 'khishavand,' 'fāmil,' 'bastagān,' and 'aqvām.' You can write essays on the changing nature of kinship in modern Iran, using this term to maintain a scholarly and objective tone. You are also able to use the word metaphorically in high-level discourse, such as discussing the kinship between different philosophical schools or artistic movements.
At the C2 level, 'khishavand budan' is a tool for nuanced expression. You can use it to evoke specific historical or cultural atmospheres in your writing. You are familiar with its use in the Shahnameh and other classical works, and you can discuss the evolution of the word from Middle Persian. You understand the deep psychological and sociological layers the word adds to a conversation about identity and belonging. You can use it in high-stakes negotiations or formal diplomatic contexts where every word carries weight. You are also capable of using it in wordplay or sophisticated humor that relies on the contrast between its formal nature and a casual situation. Your mastery includes all related idioms and proverbs, such as 'khun, khun rā mikeshad' (blood calls to blood), and you can explain the concept of 'khishavandi' across different Iranian ethnicities and their specific terminologies. You are, in essence, an expert on the concept of Persian kinship as expressed through this verb.

خویشاوند بودن در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Formal way to say 'to be related'.
  • Uses the preposition 'ba' (with).
  • Rooted in the word 'khish' (self).
  • Common in legal and literary contexts.

The Persian verb phrase خویشاوند بودن (khishavand budan) is a formal and deeply rooted expression used to describe the biological or legal connection between individuals. At its core, it means 'to be related' or 'to share kinship.' While modern Persian speakers frequently use the loanword فامیل بودن (fāmil budan) in casual conversation, خویشاوند بودن carries a more literary, official, and respectful weight. The word خویش (khish) itself is an ancient Persian term meaning 'self' or 'one\'s own,' suggesting that a relative is an extension of one\'s own personhood. When you use this verb, you are identifying a bond that transcends mere friendship or acquaintance.

Formal Context
In legal documents, such as inheritance disputes or marriage contracts, this term is used to define degrees of consanguinity. For instance, lawyers will use it to establish who has a right to an estate based on their status as a خویشاوند.
Genealogical Depth
When tracing family trees or discussing historical lineages, historians prefer this term because it connects to the classical Persian literary tradition found in the Shahnameh and other epics.

آیا می‌دانستید که ما با هم خویشاوند هستیم؟ (Did you know that we are related?)

The concept of kinship in Iran is central to social structure. Being khishavand implies a set of mutual obligations, often referred to as صله رحم (Selle-ye Rahem), which is the religious and cultural duty to maintain ties with relatives. Thus, the verb is not just a statement of fact but a recognition of a social contract. You will hear this word in formal introductions or when someone is trying to emphasize the importance of a family tie during a negotiation or a conflict resolution. It is less about the 'label' and more about the 'essence' of the connection.

In terms of usage frequency, you might see it in newspapers or hear it on news broadcasts when discussing political dynasties or historical figures. For example, 'They were related to the royal family' would almost certainly use خویشاوند بودن rather than the informal fāmil budan. It provides a sense of dignity to the relationship being described. Furthermore, in the study of linguistics, this term is used to describe 'related languages' (زبان‌های خویشاوند), showing its versatility beyond human family trees to encompass any shared ancestry or origin.

زبان‌های فارسی و هندی با یکدیگر خویشاوند هستند. (Persian and Hindi languages are related to each other.)

Etymological Root
The suffix -vand is an ancient Persian suffix denoting possession or connection, similar to the English -kin or -ship.

Grammatically, خویشاوند بودن functions as a compound verb where khishavand acts as the predicative adjective and budan is the linking verb. The most important grammatical rule to remember is the use of the preposition با (ba - with). In Persian, you are not 'related to' someone; you are 'related with' someone. This is a common point of confusion for English speakers. The structure is: [Subject] + با + [Person] + خویشاوند + [Conjugated Budan].

من با مدیر شرکت خویشاوند هستم. (I am related to the company manager.)

When using this verb in different tenses, only the budan part changes. For the past tense, you would say خویشاوند بودم (I was related). For the future, خویشاوند خواهم بود (I will be related). It is rarely used in the continuous sense (am being related) because kinship is usually a static state. However, in legal contexts, you might see the subjunctive: اگر با او خویشاوند باشد... (If he were related to him...).

Negation
To negate the relationship, simply negate the verb 'to be'. For example: ما با هم خویشاوند نیستیم (We are not related).

Another nuance is the degree of kinship. You can add adverbs to specify the closeness. خویشاوند نزدیک بودن means to be closely related, while خویشاوند دور بودن means to be distantly related. These modifiers are placed immediately before khishavand. This is essential for clarifying social standing in Iran, where 'distant relatives' might still expect certain favors but 'close relatives' have a much tighter bond of responsibility.

آن‌ها خویشاوند نزدیک یکدیگر هستند. (They are close relatives of each other.)

In formal writing, you might encounter the passive-like construction نسبت خویشاوندی داشتن (to have a kinship relation). While technically different, it conveys the same meaning. However, خویشاوند بودن remains the most direct way to state the relationship. It is also used metaphorically in poetry to describe souls that are 'related' or 'kindred spirits.' In this sense, it transcends biology and enters the realm of spiritual or intellectual connection.

If you are watching an Iranian television drama (often called 'Serial'), you will likely hear خویشاوند بودن during scenes involving family lawyers, inheritance disputes, or formal proposals of marriage (Khastegari). In these settings, the language shifts from the colloquial to the formal to emphasize the gravity of the situation. For example, a lawyer might ask: آیا شما با متوفی خویشاوند هستید؟ (Are you related to the deceased?).

در دادگاه پرسیدند: «شما با او چه خویشاوندی دارید؟» (In court, they asked: 'What relation do you have with him?')

In academic settings, specifically in anthropology or sociology lectures at an Iranian university, professors use this term to discuss 'kinship systems' (نظام‌های خویشاوندی). It is the standard term in the social sciences. If you are reading a biography of a famous Persian poet like Rumi or Hafez, the text will use this verb to describe their family background. It provides a historical and respectful tone that 'fāmil' simply cannot achieve.

News & Media
Broadcasters use this when reporting on diplomatic relations metaphorically or when discussing the families of public figures. It is the 'ABC' of formal reporting on people.

You will also encounter this word in the religious context. In Friday sermons or religious texts, the importance of being 'khishavand' and the rights of relatives are frequently discussed. The Quranic concept of Dhul-Qurba (the near of kin) is often translated or explained in Persian using the word خویشاوندان. Therefore, the word has a moral and ethical dimension in the ears of a Persian speaker that goes beyond simple biological relation.

او ادعا کرد که با خاندان سلطنتی خویشاوند است. (He claimed to be related to the royal family.)

Finally, in formal introductions at a high-level corporate event or a wedding where the families are being introduced to each other for the first time, a master of ceremonies might use this term. It elevates the status of the families involved. Using khishavand instead of fāmil in such a setting is a sign of good breeding and education (Adab).

The most frequent mistake English speakers make is using the preposition به (be - to) instead of با (ba - with). Because we say 'related to' in English, learners instinctively translate it as be u khishavand hastam. This sounds incorrect to a native ear. Always remember: ba u khishavand hastam.

Incorrect: من به او خویشاوند هستم.
Correct: من با او خویشاوند هستم.

Another mistake is confusing خویشاوند بودن (to be related) with آشنا بودن (to be an acquaintance). While you are 'familiar' with both, khishavand strictly implies a blood or marital tie. Using khishavand for a friend is a semantic error unless you are speaking very metaphorically. Conversely, using ashnā for a close cousin might be seen as cold or distancing.

Register Mismatch
Using this word in a very casual setting, like at a fast-food restaurant with friends, might sound overly stiff or 'bookish.' In those cases, 'fāmil' is much more natural. However, using 'fāmil' in a legal or highly formal setting can seem unprofessional.

Learners also struggle with the difference between khishavand (the person/adjective) and khishavandi (the relationship). You are a khishavand, but you have a khishavandi. Confusing these leads to sentences like 'I am a relationship with him,' which is nonsensical. Ensure you use budan with the adjective form.

Lastly, some learners try to pluralize khishavand when used with 'we.' While you can say mā khishavand hastim, it is more common and grammatically flexible to say mā bā ham khishavand hastim. Pluralizing it to khishavandān is usually reserved for the noun 'relatives' rather than the predicative adjective in this verb phrase.

To truly master Persian kinship vocabulary, you must understand the alternatives to خویشاوند بودن. Each has its own nuance and register.

فامیل بودن (Fāmil Budan)
The most common everyday term. It comes from the French 'famille.' Use this with friends, family, and in general daily life. It is neutral and friendly.
بستگی داشتن (Bastagi Dāshtan)
While 'bastagi' usually means 'dependence' or 'connection,' in the context of people, it means 'to be a relative' (بسته). It is slightly more informal than khishavand but more 'Persian' than fāmil.
قرابت داشتن (Qarābat Dāshtan)
An Arabic-rooted term used in very formal, legal, or religious contexts. It refers to 'closeness' or 'proximity' in blood. You will see this in law books.

Comparison:
1. ما فامیلیم (Casual: We're family)
2. ما با هم خویشاوند هستیم (Formal: We are related)
3. ما با هم قرابت خونی داریم (Legal: We share blood proximity)

Another interesting alternative is هم‌خون بودن (Ham-khun budan), which literally means 'to be of the same blood.' This is used to emphasize biological ties over marital ones. It is emotive and powerful. Conversely, منسوب بودن (Mansub budan) means 'to be attributed/connected to,' often used for marital relations or larger clan affiliations.

In summary, choose khishavand when you want to sound educated, formal, or precise. Choose fāmil for everyone else. Avoid qarābat unless you are writing a legal brief or a PhD thesis in sociology.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The word 'khish' is related to the reflexive pronoun 'khod' (self) in Persian, meaning your relatives are literally 'yourself'.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /xiːʃɒːvænd buːdæn/
US /xiːʃɒːvænd buːdæn/
The stress falls on the last syllable of 'khishavand' and the last syllable of the conjugated form of 'budan'.
هم‌قافیه با
ارجمند (Arjmand) سربند (Sarband) دربند (Darband) پند (Pand) قند (Qand) بند (Band) فرزند (Farzand) خردمند (Kheradmand)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'kh' as a simple 'k'.
  • Omitting the 'v' sound (e.g., 'khishaand').
  • Using an English 'w' sound instead of a Persian 'v'.
  • Incorrectly stressing the first syllable.
  • Failing to elongate the 'aa' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The word is easy to recognize but its formal context requires understanding register.

نوشتن 4/5

Requires correct use of the preposition 'ba' and conjugation of 'budan'.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Pronunciation of 'kh' and 'v' can be tricky for beginners.

گوش دادن 3/5

Clearly articulated in formal speech, but may be replaced by 'fāmil' in fast speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

بودن (to be) با (with) خانواده (family) من (I) او (he/she)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

نسبت داشتن قرابت ارث (inheritance) شجره‌نامه (family tree) صله رحم

پیشرفته

انساب (genealogy) صلبی (biological) رضاعی (foster kinship) سببی (marital kinship) خونی (blood)

گرامر لازم

Preposition 'Ba'

من با او خویشاوند هستم. (Not 'be')

Compound Verb Conjugation

ما خویشاوند بودیم، هستیم و خواهیم بود.

Subjunctive Mood

شاید با هم خویشاوند باشند.

Adjective Placement

خویشاوندِ نزدیک (Ezāfe construction for noun, but adverbial for verb phrase).

Negation of Budan

او با من خویشاوند نیست.

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

ما با هم خویشاوند هستیم.

We are related to each other.

Simple present tense of 'to be'.

2

آیا تو با علی خویشاوند هستی؟

Are you related to Ali?

Question form using 'hasti'.

3

او با من خویشاوند نیست.

He is not related to me.

Negative form 'nist'.

4

آن‌ها خویشاوند هستند.

They are related.

Third person plural.

5

مادر و خاله من با هم خویشاوند هستند.

My mother and my aunt are related to each other.

Compound subject.

6

من و سارا با هم خویشاوند هستیم.

Sara and I are related.

First person plural.

7

این دو نفر با هم خویشاوند هستند.

These two people are related to each other.

Demonstrative pronoun 'in'.

8

آیا شما با آن‌ها خویشاوند هستید؟

Are you (plural/formal) related to them?

Formal 'shomā'.

1

ما قبلاً با هم خویشاوند بودیم.

We were related before.

Simple past tense 'budim'.

2

فکر می‌کنم آن‌ها با هم خویشاوند باشند.

I think they might be related.

Subjunctive mood 'bāshand'.

3

او می‌گوید که با رئیس خویشاوند است.

He says that he is related to the boss.

Indirect speech.

4

آیا می‌دانی چطور با هم خویشاوند هستند؟

Do you know how they are related?

Interrogative 'chetor'.

5

ما با هم خویشاوند نزدیک هستیم.

We are closely related.

Use of adjective 'nazdik'.

6

آن‌ها با هم خویشاوند دور بودند.

They were distantly related.

Use of adjective 'dur'.

7

پدرم با او خویشاوند بود.

My father was related to him.

Past tense 'bud'.

8

آیا شما با نویسنده کتاب خویشاوند هستید؟

Are you related to the author of the book?

Genitive construction 'nevisandeye ketāb'.

1

اگر با او خویشاوند بودی، به تو کمک می‌کرد.

If you were related to him, he would help you.

Conditional sentence type 2.

2

ما به دلیل خویشاوند بودن، همیشه همدیگر را می‌بینیم.

Because of being related, we always see each other.

Gerund-like use of 'budan'.

3

او نمی‌خواست کسی بداند که با من خویشاوند است.

He didn't want anyone to know that he is related to me.

Complex sentence with 'ke'.

4

آیا ممکن است با هم خویشاوند باشیم و ندانیم؟

Is it possible that we are related and don't know?

Subjunctive 'bāshim'.

5

آن‌ها از طریق ازدواج با هم خویشاوند شده‌اند.

They have become related through marriage.

Present perfect with 'shodan' (related concept).

6

خویشاوند بودن مسئولیت‌های زیادی دارد.

Being related has many responsibilities.

Using the phrase as a subject.

7

او افتخار می‌کند که با آن شاعر خویشاوند است.

He is proud to be related to that poet.

Subordinate clause.

8

ما با هم خویشاوند هستیم، اما همدیگر را خوب نمی‌شناسیم.

We are related, but we don't know each other well.

Contrast with 'ammā'.

1

بر اساس قانون، چون با هم خویشاوند هستند، نمی‌توانند در این پرونده دخالت کنند.

According to the law, since they are related, they cannot interfere in this case.

Formal 'bar asāse qānun'.

2

او مدعی شد که با خاندان پادشاهی خویشاوند بوده است.

He claimed that he had been related to the royal family.

Past perfect 'bude ast'.

3

خویشاوند بودن صرفاً به معنای داشتن ژن‌های مشترک نیست.

Being related is not merely about having shared genes.

Abstract usage.

4

آن‌ها با وجود خویشاوند بودن، رابطه‌ی خوبی با هم ندارند.

Despite being related, they do not have a good relationship.

Prepositional phrase 'bā vojud-e'.

5

باید بررسی کنیم که آیا این دو قبیله با هم خویشاوند هستند یا خیر.

We must investigate whether these two tribes are related or not.

Indirect question 'yā kheyr'.

6

او از اینکه با چنین فردی خویشاوند باشد، خجالت می‌کشد.

He is ashamed to be related to such a person.

Subjunctive after 'az inke'.

7

خویشاوند بودن با نخبگان می‌تواند درهای زیادی را باز کند.

Being related to the elite can open many doors.

Metaphorical usage.

8

آیا شما واقعاً با قهرمان ملی خویشاوند هستید؟

Are you really related to the national hero?

Emphasis with 'vāqe'an'.

1

در جوامع سنتی، خویشاوند بودن سنگ بنای امنیت اجتماعی محسوب می‌شود.

In traditional societies, being related is considered the cornerstone of social security.

Academic register.

2

این دو زبان به لحاظ ساختاری با یکدیگر خویشاوند هستند.

These two languages are structurally related to each other.

Technical usage.

3

او هرگونه خویشاوند بودن با متهم را به شدت تکذیب کرد.

He strongly denied any relation to the accused.

Formal denial 'takzib kard'.

4

خویشاوند بودن در این سطح، تعهدات اخلاقی سنگینی به همراه دارد.

Being related at this level brings heavy moral obligations.

Complex noun phrase.

5

محققان در حال بررسی هستند که آیا این دو گونه جانوری با هم خویشاوند هستند.

Researchers are investigating whether these two animal species are related.

Scientific context.

6

او به واسطه‌ی خویشاوند بودن با وزیر، به ثروت زیادی رسید.

He reached great wealth by virtue of being related to the minister.

Cause and effect 'be vāseteye'.

7

در ادبیات فارسی، گاهی روح‌ها با هم خویشاوند توصیف می‌شوند.

In Persian literature, sometimes souls are described as being related.

Poetic usage.

8

خویشاوند بودن لزوماً به معنای هم‌فکر بودن نیست.

Being related does not necessarily mean being like-minded.

Philosophical observation.

1

پیچیدگی‌های حقوقی خویشاوند بودن در موارد ارث، نیازمند تحلیل دقیق است.

The legal complexities of being related in inheritance cases require careful analysis.

High-level legal Persian.

2

او با ظرافت تمام، از خویشاوند بودن خود با بزرگان برای پیشبرد اهدافش بهره جست.

With great subtlety, he utilized his relation to the greats to advance his goals.

Literary 'bahre jost'.

3

خویشاوند بودن مفاهیم در فلسفه اشراق، موضوعی بحث‌برانگیز است.

The kinship of concepts in Illuminationist philosophy is a controversial topic.

Abstract philosophical usage.

4

آیا می‌توان مدعی شد که تمامی ابنای بشر با یکدیگر خویشاوند هستند؟

Can it be claimed that all of humanity are related to one another?

Universal/Rhetorical question.

5

او در خاطراتش به تلخی از خویشاوند بودن با دیکتاتور یاد می‌کند.

In his memoirs, he bitterly recalls being related to the dictator.

Emotional/Narrative register.

6

خویشاوند بودن این دو سبک معماری در نگاه اول مشهود نیست.

The kinship of these two architectural styles is not evident at first glance.

Artistic criticism.

7

او همواره بر خویشاوند بودن تمامی موجودات زنده تأکید می‌ورزید.

He always emphasized the kinship of all living beings.

Emphasis 'ta'kid varzidan'.

8

تقلیل مفهوم خویشاوند بودن به پیوندهای خونی، خطایی جامعه‌شناختی است.

Reducing the concept of being related to blood ties is a sociological error.

Critical theory register.

ترکیب‌های رایج

خویشاوند نزدیک بودن
خویشاوند دور بودن
خویشاوند خونی بودن
خویشاوند سببی بودن
به شدت خویشاوند بودن
از طرف مادری خویشاوند بودن
از طرف پدری خویشاوند بودن
واقعاً خویشاوند بودن
رسماً خویشاوند بودن
ظاهراً خویشاوند بودن

عبارات رایج

خویشاوند نزدیک

— A close relative.

او خویشاوند نزدیک من است.

خویشاوند دور

— A distant relative.

ما خویشاوند دور هستیم.

رابطه خویشاوندی

— Kinship relationship.

رابطه خویشاوندی آن‌ها قوی است.

پیوند خویشاوندی

— The bond of kinship.

پیوند خویشاوندی بسیار مهم است.

درخت خویشاوندی

— Family tree.

درخت خویشاوندی خود را رسم کنید.

احساس خویشاوندی

— A feeling of kinship or affinity.

من با او احساس خویشاوندی می‌کنم.

حقوق خویشاوندی

— Rights of relatives.

حقوق خویشاوندی را رعایت کنید.

نظام خویشاوندی

— Kinship system.

نظام خویشاوندی در ایران پیچیده است.

خویشاوندان درجه اول

— First-degree relatives.

او از خویشاوندان درجه اول من است.

خویشاوندان نزدیک

— Immediate family/relatives.

همه خویشاوندان نزدیک دعوت شدند.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

خویشاوند بودن vs آشنا بودن

Means 'to be an acquaintance'. This is about knowing someone, not being related to them.

خویشاوند بودن vs دوست بودن

Means 'to be friends'. This is a chosen relationship, whereas 'khishavand' is usually biological or legal.

خویشاوند بودن vs همکار بودن

Means 'to be colleagues'. This is a professional relationship.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"خون، خون را می‌کشد"

— Blood calls to blood; family members are naturally drawn to each other.

با اینکه سال‌ها هم را ندیده بودند، خون خون را کشید.

Common
"گوشت هم را بخورند، استخوان هم را دور نمی‌اندازند"

— Even if relatives fight, they will never truly abandon each other.

نگران نباش، آن‌ها با هم خویشاوندند؛ گوشت هم را بخورند...

Proverbial
"خویشِ من و کیشِ من"

— My relative and my faith/way of life; emphasizing total belonging.

او برای من هم خویش است و هم کیش.

Literary
"دوری و دوستی"

— Distance brings friendship (often said about relatives).

با خویشاوندان دوری و دوستی بهتر است.

Common
"اول خویش، بعداً درویش"

— Charity begins at home (help relatives before strangers).

به برادرت کمک کن، اول خویش بعداً درویش.

Proverbial
"خویشاوندی خونی"

— Blood relation (often used to distinguish from marriage).

ما خویشاوندی خونی داریم.

Formal
"صله‌ی رحم"

— The act of visiting and maintaining ties with relatives.

صله‌ی رحم در دین ما بسیار سفارش شده است.

Religious/Cultural
"کس و کار"

— One's family and relatives.

او در این شهر هیچ کس و کاری ندارد.

Informal
"قوم و خویش"

— Kith and kin; relatives in general.

همه قوم و خویش‌ها در عروسی بودند.

Neutral
"بندِ دل"

— A very close relative (usually a child).

او بندِ دل من است.

Poetic/Emotive

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

خویشاوند بودن vs خویش

It means 'self' but is the root of 'relative'.

'Khish' is a pronoun or a noun for 'relative'; 'khishavand' is the standard adjective/noun.

او از خویشان من است.

خویشاوند بودن vs خوشایند

Sounds similar to 'khishavand'.

'Khoshāyand' means 'pleasant' or 'agreeable'.

این خبر بسیار خوشایند بود.

خویشاوند بودن vs خویشتن

Shares the 'khish' root.

'Khish-tan' is a very formal way to say 'oneself'.

انسان باید خویشتن را بشناسد.

خویشاوند بودن vs خویشاوندی

It's the noun form.

'Khishavandi' is the state of kinship (the relation); 'khishavand' is the relative or the adjective.

رابطه خویشاوندی ما نزدیک است.

خویشاوند بودن vs فامیل

Synonym.

'Fāmil' is informal and a French loanword; 'khishavand' is formal and native Persian.

او فامیل ماست.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

[Subject] + با + [Person] + خویشاوند است.

علی با من خویشاوند است.

A2

آیا [Subject] + با + [Person] + خویشاوند هستید؟

آیا شما با او خویشاوند هستید؟

B1

[Subject] + به دلیل + خویشاوند بودن + [Verb].

ما به دلیل خویشاوند بودن با هم زندگی می‌کنیم.

B1

اگر [Subject] + با [Person] + خویشاوند بود...

اگر او با من خویشاوند بود، به او پول می‌دادم.

B2

[Subject] + مدعی است که + با [Person] + خویشاوند است.

او مدعی است که با رئیس خویشاوند است.

C1

به لحاظِ [Aspect] + با هم خویشاوند بودن.

این دو ملت به لحاظ تاریخی با هم خویشاوند هستند.

C1

هیچ‌گونه [Noun] + خویشاوندی + نداشتن.

من هیچ‌گونه رابطه خویشاوندی با او ندارم.

C2

تقلیلِ [Concept] + به خویشاوند بودنِ صرف.

تقلیل دوستی به خویشاوند بودنِ صرف اشتباه است.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

خویش (Khish)
خویشاوند (Khishavand)
خویشاوندی (Khishavandi)
خویشان (Khishān)

فعل‌ها

خویشاوندی کردن (Rare)

صفت‌ها

خویشاوندانه (Khishavandāne)

مرتبط

فامیل
بسته
قوم
تبار
دودمان

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in formal speech and writing; rare in slang.

اشتباهات رایج
  • من به او خویشاوند هستم. من با او خویشاوند هستم.

    Using 'be' (to) instead of 'ba' (with) is a direct translation error from English.

  • ما خویشاوندان هستیم. ما با هم خویشاوند هستیم.

    Using the plural noun 'khishavandān' instead of the adjective 'khishavand' in the verb phrase.

  • آیا شما با هم فامیل خویشاوند هستید؟ آیا شما با هم خویشاوند هستید؟

    Redundancy; don't use 'fāmil' and 'khishavand' together.

  • او خویشاوندِ من است. (as a verb) او با من خویشاوند است.

    Confusing the noun construction with the verb phrase construction.

  • Pronouncing it 'khishaand'. khishavand

    Skipping the 'v' sound changes the word's identity.

نکات

Selle-ye Rahem

Understand that being 'khishavand' in Iran comes with the cultural duty of visiting and checking on relatives regularly.

The 'Ba' Rule

Always use 'ba' (with). Never use 'be' (to). This is the hallmark of a good Persian learner.

Formal Situations

Use 'khishavand' in interviews, legal settings, and when writing formally.

Family Trees

When drawing a family tree, label the branches as 'payvand-haye khishavandi' (kinship bonds).

Soft 'Kh'

Make sure the 'kh' is audible but not too harsh, like a soft clearing of the throat.

Kin-Bond

Remember 'Khish' (Kin) + 'Vand' (Bond) = Kinship Bond.

Spelling

Note the 'v' (و) in the middle; don't skip it when writing.

Context Clues

If you hear 'nesbat' and 'khishavand' together, they are talking about the specific type of relationship.

Politeness

Using this word instead of 'fāmil' makes you sound more polite and educated.

Acquaintances

Never call a mere acquaintance a 'khishavand' unless you want to imply they are family.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

'Khish' sounds like 'Kin' + 'ish'. 'Vand' sounds like 'Bond'. So it's a 'Kin-ish Bond' (being related).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a golden 'bond' (vand) connecting you to your 'self' (khish) reflected in others.

شبکه واژگان

Family Blood Relation Marriage Ancestry Cousin Kinship Bond

چالش

Write a paragraph describing three people you are related to using 'khishavand budan' and specify if they are 'nazdik' or 'dur'.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Old Persian 'huvaisya' meaning 'own' or 'self'.

معنای اصلی: To be of one's own kind or group.

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian branch).

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when asking about kinship in sensitive legal or personal situations; use 'nesbat dāshtan' if you want to be even more indirect.

In English, 'related' is a broad term. In Persian, 'khishavand' is more formal than 'family' or 'relatives'.

The Shahnameh of Ferdowsi uses 'khish' extensively to denote noble lineage. Modern Iranian cinema often explores the tensions of 'khishavand budan' in inheritance dramas.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Legal/Inheritance

  • ارث بردن
  • انحصار وراثت
  • درجه خویشاوندی
  • گواهی فوت

Introductions

  • معرفی کردن
  • آشنا شدن
  • نسبت داشتن
  • خوشبختم

Genealogy

  • شجره‌نامه
  • اجداد
  • نیاکان
  • نسل

Religious discussions

  • صله رحم
  • حقوق اقارب
  • احسان
  • نیکی به والدین

Linguistics

  • زبان‌های هم‌ریشه
  • خانواده زبانی
  • ریشه‌شناسی
  • تحول زبان

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"آیا شما با آقای احمدی خویشاوند هستید؟"

"چطور با هم خویشاوند شدید؟"

"آیا در این شهر خویشاوند نزدیکی دارید؟"

"نسبت خویشاوندی شما با او چیست؟"

"آیا می‌دانستید که ما با هم خویشاوند دور هستیم؟"

موضوعات نگارش

درباره یکی از خویشاوندان نزدیک خود بنویسید.

چرا خویشاوند بودن در فرهنگ ایرانی مهم است؟

اگر بفهمید با یک فرد مشهور خویشاوند هستید، چه حسی خواهید داشت؟

تفاوت خویشاوند بودن و دوست بودن در چیست؟

یک خاطره از جمع شدن خویشاوندان در کنار هم بنویسید.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, it can also include relatives by marriage (sababi), though 'ham-khun' is specifically for blood.

Only metaphorically or humorously. Normally, it is reserved for humans.

'Khish' is older and more literary; 'khishavand' is the standard modern formal term.

ما با هم خویشاوند نیستیم.

It's better to use 'khishavand' or 'نسبت داشتن' to be safe and professional.

No, never. It always implies a family-like bond, though poets might use it metaphorically for 'kindred spirits'.

شما با هم چه نسبتی دارید؟ (Using 'nesbat' is more common for this specific question).

A distant relative, like a third cousin.

No, it's a labiodental 'v' like in 'victory'.

Yes, it's the standard way to say languages are related (زبان‌های خویشاوند).

خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال

writing

Write 'I am related to Ali' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'They were related' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'We are close relatives' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'He claims he is related to the king' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'These two languages are related' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'Are you related?' (singular) in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'My father was related to him' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'Because we are related, we help each other' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'Despite being related, they are not friends' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'He denied any relation to the victim' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'We are not related' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'I think they are related' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'Is it possible we are related?' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'According to the law, they are related' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write 'Kinship is the cornerstone of society' in Persian.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about the kinship of souls.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Ali and I are related.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Were you related to the teacher?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'We are distant relatives.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'He is ashamed of being related to them.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'I am related to Ali' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask someone 'Are you related to him?' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'We are close relatives' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'I wish I were related to him' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Discuss the importance of being related in Iran using the word 'khishavand'.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'We are not related' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'They were related' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Is it possible we are related?' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'He claims to be related to the boss' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Explain why Persian and Hindi are 'khishavand' languages.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Yes, we are related' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'My mother is related to her' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'We are distant relatives' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Despite being related, they argue' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Deny a relationship formally: 'I strongly deny any relation to him.'

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'They are related' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Were you related?' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'We are related through marriage' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Being related has responsibilities' in Persian.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Use the word 'khishavand' in a sentence about history.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Mā bā ham khishavand hastim.' Who is related?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Aya shoma ba u khishavand budid?' What tense is this?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Ma khishavand-e nazdik hastim.' Are they far relatives?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'U ba ra'is khishavand ast.' Who is he related to?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'In do zaban khishavandand.' What are related?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'U ba man khishavand nist.' Is he related?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Anha ba ham khishavand budand.' Is it plural or singular?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Ma ba ham khishavand-e dur hastim.' What kind of relatives?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Shayad ba ham khishavand bashand.' Is it a fact or a possibility?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Takzib kard ke khishavand ast.' Did he say yes or no?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Aya khishavand hasti?' Who is being asked?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Pedaram ba u khishavand bud.' Who was related?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Chon khishavandim komak mikonim.' Why do they help?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Ba vojud-e khishavand budan...' Does this imply a contrast?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to: 'Nesbat-e khishavandi darand.' Do they have a relation?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

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