چگونه از 'Look down on' استفاده کنیم (تحقیر/برتری)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Use 'look down on' to describe someone feeling superior to others based on status, intelligence, or morality.
- Always use three parts: 'look' + 'down' + 'on' + [object]. Example: 'He looks down on us.'
- It is inseparable; you cannot put the object between 'down' and 'on'.
- The verb 'look' conjugates normally for all tenses and subjects.
مرور کلی
Phrasal Verbs یکی از کلیدیترین ابزارها برای رسیدن به سطح بومیزبانان (Native-like fluency) است. عبارت فعلی look down on یکی از آن اصطلاحات پرکاربرد و در عین حال ظریفی است که فراتر از یک معنای ساده، یک نگرش عمیق انسانی و اجتماعی را بیان میکند. این عبارت به معنای «تحقیر کردن»، «ناچیز شمردن» یا «از بالا به کسی یا چیزی نگاه کردن» است.look down on توصیفگر یک سلسلهمراتب ذهنی است که در آن فاعل در جایگاهی بالاتر و مفعول در جایگاهی پستتر قرار میگیرد.look down on یک عبارت فعلی سه قسمتی (Three-part phrasal verb) است. این یعنی از یک فعل اصلی (look)، یک قید (down) و یک حرف اضافه (on) تشکیل شده است. یکی از ویژگیهای مهم این نوع عبارات در انگلیسی این است که «تفکیکناپذیر» (Inseparable) هستند؛ یعنی شما نمیتوانید اجزای آن را از هم جدا کنید یا مفعول را بین آنها قرار دهید.look down on دقیقاً همین کار را انجام میدهد: فاعل، مفعول را در ذهن خود کوچک و بیاهمیت جلوه میدهد.on در انتهای این عبارت حیاتی است. بدون on یا down معنای جمله کاملاً تغییر میکند.look down on نمیکند. اما اگر او فکر کند چون شما مدرک دانشگاهی ندارید، انسان بیارزشی هستید، در آن صورت او دارد به شما look down on میکند. این تفاوت بین «نقد عمل» و «تحقیر شخصیت»، مرز اصلی کاربرد این گرامر است.Inseparable است. یعنی مفعول (چه اسم باشد و چه ضمیر) حتماً باید بعد از حرف اضافه on بیاید.- 1تطبیق فعل: فعل
lookمانند هر فعل معمولی دیگری با توجه به فاعل و زمان جمله تغییر میکند (مثلاً برای سوم شخص مفرد در زمان حال،sمیگیرد). - 2مفعول ضمیری: برخلاف برخی عبارات فعلی دو قسمتی (مثل
turn it off)، در اینجا ضمیر نمیتواند بین اجزا قرار بگیرد.
- درست:
Don't look down on them. - نادرست:
Don't look them down on.
- 1استفاده از Gerund: مفعول این عبارت میتواند یک اسم، یک ضمیر یا یک «اسم مصدر» (Gerund - verb+ing) باشد.
- مثال:
He looks down on working in a fast-food restaurant.(او کار کردن در رستوران فستفود را تحقیر میکند.)
He was looked down on by his peers.look down on در موقعیتهایی است که بحث «تبعیض»، «اشرافیتگرایی» یا «خودپسندی» مطرح باشد. در ادامه به چند سناریوی مشخص که در فرهنگ ما و محیطهای بینالمللی رایج است اشاره میکنیم:It is sad that some people look down on those who are less fortunate.
Professor Alavi never looks down on students who ask simple questions.
In some modern circles, they look down on anyone who doesn't follow a vegan diet.
You should never look down on manual labor; every job deserves respect.
She tends to look down on people who have different religious or political beliefs.
look down at یا look down from استفاده کنید.- اشتباه:
From the balcony, I looked down on the street.(این جمله یعنی من نسبت به خیابان احساس برتری و تحقیر داشتم!) - درست:
From the balcony, I looked down at the street.
on:on را بیاورند.- اشتباه:
He looks down his colleagues. - درست:
He looks down on his colleagues.
on این جمله از نظر گرامری ناقص است و معنای مورد نظر را نمیرساند.on و by پشت سر هم قرار میگیرند، برای فارسیزبانان عجیب به نظر میرسد و سعی میکنند یکی را حذف کنند.- اشتباه:
He was looked down by his boss. - درست:
He was looked down on by his boss.
look down on یک واحد غیرقابل تفکیک است و حرف اضافه by برای نشان دادن عامل مجهول به آن اضافه میشود.look در آن هست، شاید معنای خنثی داشته باشد. اما این عبارت «همیشه» بار منفی دارد. اگر میخواهید بگویید کسی را تحسین میکنید، باید از متضاد آن یعنی look up to استفاده کنید.look down on را با چند عبارت مشابه مقایسه کنیم که اغلب باعث سردرگمی میشوند:She looks down on fast fashion. |He looked down at his watch. |I despise liars. |My parents disapprove of my smoking. |He scorned their offer of help. |look down on | I've always looked up to my older brother. |Despise:despise میکنید، یعنی از او متنفرید و او را منزجرکننده میبینید. اما وقتی به کسی look down on میکنید، ممکن است از او متنفر نباشید، بلکه فقط فکر کنید او «در سطح شما نیست» یا «نادان» است. اولی از خشم میآید، دومی از غرور.look down on برای اشیاء هم استفاده کنم؟He looks down on mainstream cinema. این یعنی او سینمای عامهپسند را بیارزش میداند.look down on با condescend چیست؟condescend (یا صفت آن condescending) بیشتر به «رفتار» اشاره دارد. یعنی کسی که با لحنی صحبت میکند که انگار طرف مقابل نادان است. اما look down on بیشتر به آن «نگرش و باور درونی» اشاره دارد که منجر به چنان رفتاری میشود.Neutral to Semi-formal قرار دارد. یعنی هم در مکالمات روزمره با دوستان (مثلاً درباره یک همکلاسی متکبر) کاربرد دارد و هم در مقالات تحلیلی و اجتماعی. در متون بسیار رسمی حقوقی، ممکن است از واژگانی مثل disparage استفاده شود، اما در ۹۰ درصد مواقع، look down on بهترین انتخاب برای سطح C1 است.on استفاده میشود؟on یا at استفاده میکنند. در اینجا on نشاندهنده این است که این نگاه سنگینِ تحقیر، بر روی (on) مفعول سنگینی میکند.2. Negative Contractions
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
|
Does not look down on
|
Doesn't look down on
|
|
Do not look down on
|
Don't look down on
|
|
Did not look down on
|
Didn't look down on
|
|
Has not looked down on
|
Hasn't looked down on
|
Conjugating 'Look Down On'
| Tense | Subject | Form |
|---|---|---|
|
Present Simple
|
I / You / We / They
|
look down on
|
|
Present Simple
|
He / She / It
|
looks down on
|
|
Past Simple
|
All subjects
|
looked down on
|
|
Present Continuous
|
I
|
am looking down on
|
|
Present Continuous
|
He / She / It
|
is looking down on
|
|
Present Perfect
|
He / She / It
|
has looked down on
|
|
Future Simple
|
All subjects
|
will look down on
|
|
Passive Voice
|
All subjects
|
be looked down on
|
Meanings
To regard someone or something as inferior or unworthy of respect, often due to a perceived difference in social class, intelligence, or moral standing.
Social Superiority
Feeling better than others because of wealth, family background, or job title.
“She looks down on anyone who didn't attend an Ivy League university.”
“The neighbors look down on us because we drive an old car.”
Intellectual Disdain
Believing others are less intelligent or less educated.
“Academics sometimes look down on popular science books.”
“Don't look down on her just because she hasn't read the classics.”
Moral Judgment
Feeling morally superior or more virtuous than someone else.
“They look down on anyone who doesn't follow their strict diet.”
“She looks down on him for his past mistakes.”
Reference Table
| حس و حال | فعل عبارتی | کاربرد | مثال |
|---|---|---|---|
|
تحقیر/برتری
|
Look down on
|
نشون دادن تحقیر نسبت به دیگران
|
She `looks down on` people who work hourly jobs.
|
|
نگاه فیزیکی
|
Look down at
|
توضیح یه کار فیزیکی
|
He `looked down at` the map on his phone.
|
|
تحسین/احترام
|
Look up to
|
نشون دادن احترام به کسی
|
Kids often `look up to` athletes.
|
|
انتقاد/توهین
|
Put down
|
با حرف زدن باعث ناراحتی کسی شدن
|
Don't `put down` your colleagues.
|
|
کوچک شمردن
|
Belittle
|
کوچک جلوه دادن کسی یا چیزی
|
His comments `belittled` her achievements.
|
|
مخالفت/اعتراض
|
Disapprove of
|
موافق نبودن با یک عمل یا انتخاب
|
I `disapprove of` your decision to quit.
|
طیف رسمیت
One should refrain from looking down upon those in less fortunate circumstances. (Social judgment)
He looks down on people who don't have a college degree. (Social judgment)
He's so stuck up; he totally looks down on us. (Social judgment)
He thinks he's all that and looks down on everyone else. (Social judgment)
درک 'Look Down On'
معنی اصلی
- Contempt تنفر یا تحقیر شدید
- Inferiority کسی/چیزی رو پایینتر دیدن
- Arrogance حس خودبزرگبینی رو نشون میده
ساختار
- Verb + Down + On مثلاً: 'looks down on', 'looked down on'
- Inseparable مفعول بعد از 'on' میاد
زمینههای کاربرد
- Social Class قضاوت در مورد ثروت/جایگاه
- Education فخرفروشی آکادمیک
- Lifestyle بیاعتنایی به انتخابها
- Professions کمارزش شمردن شغلهای خاص
با اینها اشتباه نگیر
- Look Down At نگاه فیزیکی به پایین
- Look Up To تحسین/احترام
- Put Down مستقیم انتقاد کردن/توهین کردن
مقایسه 'Look Down On' با 'Look Down At'
آیا باید از 'Look Down On' استفاده کنم؟
آیا میخوای تحقیر یا حس برتری رو بیان کنی؟
آیا یک عمل فیزیکی "پایین نگاه کردن" است؟
آیا داری تحسین یا احترام رو بیان میکنی؟
اهداف تحقیر: مردم چه چیزهایی رو 'Look Down On' میکنن؟
افراد/گروهها
- • تازهواردها
- • طبقات اجتماعی متفاوت
- • افراد با تحصیلات کمتر
- • سبک زندگیهای متفاوت
مفاهیم/چیزها
- • هنر رایج
- • فست فود
- • شغلهای معمولی
- • ابراز احساسات
رفتارها
- • خودنمایی عمومی
- • کمکاری
- • روشهای ناآشنا
رسانه/تکنولوژی
- • تلویزیون واقعیتنما
- • تیکتاک
- • دوستیابی آنلاین
مثالها بر اساس سطح
He looks down on me.
He thinks he is better than me.
Do not look down on your friends.
Be nice to your friends.
She looks down on her brother.
She thinks she is better than her brother.
They look down on us.
They think we are not good.
Why does he look down on poor people?
Why is he mean to people with no money?
I don't look down on anyone.
I treat everyone the same.
She looked down on him because of his clothes.
She judged him for his outfit.
Stop looking down on me!
Don't act like you are better than me.
He has always looked down on people who didn't go to university.
He has a long-term bias against non-graduates.
It's wrong to look down on someone just because they are different.
Judging others for being different is incorrect.
My boss looks down on anyone who arrives late.
My boss is very judgmental about punctuality.
They were looking down on us from their expensive car.
They showed superiority because of their wealth.
The old aristocracy used to look down on the 'nouveau riche'.
Traditional elites disdained those with newly acquired wealth.
I felt like the waiter was looking down on me for ordering the cheapest wine.
I felt judged by the staff for my budget choice.
She doesn't mean to look down on you; she's just very shy.
Her behavior isn't intentional arrogance.
If you look down on your customers, they will eventually leave.
Arrogance toward clients leads to business failure.
There is a tendency in academia to look down on vocational training.
Scholars often undervalue practical, hands-on education.
He was tired of being looked down on by his in-laws.
He resented the condescension from his wife's family.
The film explores how the urban elite look down on rural communities.
The movie examines the divide between city and country status.
One should never look down on the importance of basic social skills.
Do not underestimate or dismiss simple interpersonal abilities.
The protagonist’s fatal flaw was his propensity to look down on those he deemed intellectually inferior.
His arrogance regarding intelligence led to his downfall.
To look down on such a significant cultural shift would be a grave mistake for any politician.
Dismissing this change would be politically dangerous.
She navigated the gala with a subtle air of looking down on the ostentatious displays of wealth.
She quietly disdained the flashy show of money.
The inherent danger of meritocracy is that the 'winners' may begin to look down on the 'losers' as being responsible for their own plight.
Successful people might unfairly judge those who fail.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Learners use 'at' for feelings of superiority because 'at' is a common preposition for looking.
They are synonyms, but 'despise' is much stronger and more emotional.
Learners sometimes mix up the direction of the metaphor.
اشتباهات رایج
He looks down me.
He looks down on me.
She looks down to him.
She looks down on him.
They look me down on.
They look down on me.
I look down at his attitude.
I look down on his attitude.
Why you look down on me?
Why do you look down on me?
He look down on us.
He looks down on us.
I am look down on him.
I am looking down on him.
He has look down on me for years.
He has looked down on me for years.
It is bad to look down on.
It is bad to look down on people.
She was looked down.
She was looked down on.
He looks down on whoever doesn't agree.
He looks down on anyone who doesn't agree.
The looking down on of others is wrong.
Looking down on others is wrong.
He looks down upon to me.
He looks down upon me.
I was looked down on by he.
I was looked down on by him.
الگوهای جملهسازی
It is unfair to look down on ___ just because ___.
She has a tendency to look down on anyone who ___.
Being looked down on by ___ made me feel ___.
No one likes to be looked down on for their ___.
The way he looks down on ___ reveals more about his ___ than theirs.
Real World Usage
Twitter users often look down on those who use 'basic' emojis.
The interviewer seemed to look down on my previous experience in retail.
Boutique clerks sometimes look down on customers who aren't wearing designer clothes.
Some scientists look down on the humanities as 'soft' subjects.
My aunt looks down on my cousin for not being married yet.
Expats sometimes look down on tourists who only eat at McDonald's.
Recruiters might look down on a resume with too many short-term jobs.
Pro players often look down on 'noobs' or casual gamers.
بار معنایی مهم
Look down on همیشه یه بار معنایی منفی داره. یعنی تحقیر یا حس برتری. اگه منظور فیزیکی «پایین رو نگاه کردن» هست، از look down at استفاده کن: He looked down at the book on the table.مواظب باش کسیو نرنجونی
look down on استفاده کنی، ممکنه ناخواسته قضاوتگر به نظر بیای. یادت باشه که بار معنایی قوی داره، مخصوصاً تو مکالمات حساس: "Don't look down on their efforts."قدرت مجهول
be looked down on) برای توضیح دادن تجربه تحقیر شدن عالیه. مثلاً:
He was looked down on by the popular kids. این جمله روی احساسات اون تمرکز میکنه.زیر و بمهای سلسلهمراتب اجتماعی
The rich man looks down on the poor.Smart Tips
Swap 'on' for 'upon'. It immediately elevates the register of your writing.
Make sure you don't drop the 'on' at the end of the sentence.
Use 'look down on' to show you think their arrogance is a flaw.
Check if the object is a person or a social status. If it is, use 'on'.
تلفظ
Stress the Particle
In three-part phrasal verbs, the primary stress usually falls on the adverbial particle ('down'), not the verb or the preposition.
Linking
The 'n' in 'down' often links smoothly to the 'o' in 'on'.
Rising-Falling
Why do you look DOWN on him? ↘️
A standard information question expressing curiosity or mild disapproval.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a person standing on a high balcony looking down at people on the street. They are 'on' the balcony, looking 'down' 'on' the people.
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a giant wearing a crown, literally looking down his nose at a tiny person on the ground. The giant is 'on' his high horse, looking 'down' 'on' the little guy.
Rhyme
If you think you're the best and others are gone, you're likely to look down on.
Story
Once there was a king who lived on a mountain. He never visited the valley because he looked down on the farmers. He thought his crown made him high and their dirt made them low. One day, he fell 'down' 'on' the mud and realized everyone is the same.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Write three sentences about things you *used* to look down on but now appreciate (e.g., a music genre, a type of food, or a hobby).
نکات فرهنگی
In the UK, 'look down on' is heavily associated with the class system. It is often used to describe the 'snobbery' of the upper classes toward the working class.
In the US, the phrase is frequently used in the context of 'meritocracy.' People might be accused of looking down on those without high-paying jobs or prestigious degrees.
In global academic circles, there is a specific use regarding 'soft' vs 'hard' sciences, where physicists might (arrogantly) look down on sociologists.
The verb 'look' comes from Old English 'locian'. The metaphorical use of 'down' to signify inferiority emerged in Middle English as social hierarchies became more rigid.
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
Have you ever felt that someone was looking down on you? Why?
Why do some people look down on certain types of music or movies?
In your country, what social groups tend to look down on others?
If you were a famous celebrity, how would you ensure you didn't look down on your fans?
موضوعات نگارش
اشتباهات رایج
Test Yourself
It's wrong to ___ people just because they have less money.
Look down on معنی تحقیر کردن یا حس برتری نسبت به کسی رو به درستی میرسونه. Look down at برای نگاه فیزیکی هست و look up to یعنی تحسین کردن.Find and fix the mistake:
The cat looked down on the mouse scurrying across the floor.
Looked down at برای نگاه فیزیکی درست هست.جمله صحیح رو انتخاب کن:
Look down on فعل عبارتی درست برای بیان تحقیر یا حس برتری نسبت به افراد به خاطر انتخابهاشون هست. Look down at به نگاه فیزیکی اشاره داره.Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /4
تمرینهای عملی
8 exercisesShe looks down ___ her colleagues because she has a PhD.
Find and fix the mistake:
He looks his younger brother down on.
Choose the grammatically correct sentence.
He despises people who don't recycle.
A: Why is Sarah so mean to the new intern? B: I don't know, she just seems to ___ anyone with less experience.
Look down on
down / on / looks / anyone / she / lazy / who / is
He looked down on the valley from the mountain top.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesMany artists ___ commercial success, preferring artistic integrity.
He's always looking down his nose at new ideas.
کدوم یک از اینا تحقیر رو نشون میده؟
Traduce al inglés: 'Nunca debes menospreciar a nadie'.
کلمات رو مرتب کن:
نیمههای جمله رو تطبیق بده:
She felt that her colleagues were ___ her ideas because she was new.
Some people look down on fast food, but it's convenient sometimes.
کدوم جمله صحیحه؟
Traduce al inglés: 'Ella se sintió menospreciada por su jefe'.
یک جمله بساز:
It's important not to ___ anyone's cultural practices, even if they're unfamiliar.
Score: /12
سوالات متداول (8)
Yes, it always implies a sense of arrogance or unfair judgment. You wouldn't use it to describe a positive or neutral feeling.
Yes, 'look down upon' is the more formal version. It is common in literature and formal writing.
'Look down at' is literal (looking at your feet). 'Look down on' is figurative (feeling superior).
No, this is an inseparable phrasal verb. The object must always come after 'on'.
Yes, it is often used to describe poor management styles or corporate snobbery.
You say 'to be looked down on.' For example: 'I don't like being looked down on.'
The direct opposite is 'look up to,' which means to admire or respect someone.
Yes, you can look down on ideas, behaviors, or objects. For example: 'He looks down on cheap furniture.'
Scaffolded Practice
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Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
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In Other Languages
Mirar por encima del hombro / Despreciar
Spanish uses an idiom involving the shoulder, while English uses a vertical 'down' metaphor.
Regarder de haut / Mépriser
French often omits the 'on' equivalent, focusing on the 'from high' aspect.
Herabsehen auf
The word order in German will change based on clause structure (verb-final), unlike English.
見下す (Mikudasu)
Japanese is a single compound verb, whereas English is a three-part phrasal verb.
ينظر بفوقية (Yandhur bi-fawqiya)
Arabic uses a prepositional phrase ('with superiority') rather than a phrasal verb particle.
看不起 (Kàn bù qǐ)
The Chinese metaphor is 'not looking up' rather than 'looking down'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
ویدیوهای مرتبط
Related Grammar Rules
فعل عبارتی "Face up to" (پذیرش واقعیت)
Overview این فعل عبارتی (phrasal verb) دربارهی تغییر ذهنی از اجتناب به پذیرش است. به طور مشخص به پذیرش چیزی اشاره دارد...
حروف اضافه زمان: (in, on, at)
Overview تا حالا شده پیامی بفرستید و بگویید ساعت `in` 5 عصر میرسید و در جواب یک ایموجی گیج بگیرید؟ کلمات کوچک در انگلیس...
فعل عبارتی: Take off (درآوردن و پرواز کردن)
نمای کلی افعال عبارتی یا `Phrasal Verbs` یکی از چالشبرانگیزترین و در عین حال جذابترین بخشهای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی هست...
صبر کن! استفاده از 'Hold on'
### Overview عبارت `Hold on` یکی از پرکاربردترین افعال عبارتی (Phrasal Verbs) در زبان انگلیسی است. اگر بخواهیم دقیقاً م...
آراستن: لباس رسمی و لباسهای نمایشی (Dress up)
### Overview در دنیای زبان انگلیسی، برخی از ترکیبهای کلامی فراتر از معنای تحتاللفظی خود عمل میکنند. عبارت فعلی `dress...
