निष्कर्षों در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Formal term for results or findings.
- Plural oblique form of 'nishkarsh'.
- Used in academic, legal, and professional contexts.
- Implies a logical process of extraction.
The Hindi word निष्कर्षों (nishkarshon) is the plural oblique form of the noun 'निष्कर्ष' (nishkarsh), which translates to 'conclusion', 'finding', 'result', or 'inference'. In linguistic terms, it refers specifically to the final thoughts or evidence-based outcomes derived after a period of study, investigation, or deep contemplation. While the base word 'nishkarsh' is used frequently, 'nishkarshon' appears when the word is followed by a postposition like 'के' (of), 'से' (from), or 'पर' (on), and refers to multiple findings.
- Formal Context
- In academic writing, scientific research papers, and legal documents, this word is the gold standard for describing the end-results of an inquiry. It implies a logical progression from data to meaning.
वैज्ञानिकों ने अपने निष्कर्षों को पत्रिका में प्रकाशित किया। (Scientists published their findings in the journal.)
Understanding the nuance of this word requires looking at its Sanskrit roots. It comes from 'ni' (down/into) and 'krish' (to pull or extract). Literally, it is that which is 'extracted' or 'pulled out' from a mass of information. Unlike 'parinaam' (which often means 'consequence' or 'effect'), 'nishkarsh' implies an intellectual process. You don't just 'get' a nishkarsh; you 'reach' it (pahunchna) or 'extract' it (nikalna).
- Professional Usage
- In corporate meetings, you might hear a manager say, "In nishkarshon ke aadhar par..." (On the basis of these findings...), indicating that the next business decision is grounded in data.
People use 'nishkarshon' when they are dealing with complex situations where there isn't just one single answer but several points of conclusion. For example, a committee investigating a social issue will present multiple 'nishkarshon' in their report. It suggests a structured and thorough approach to problem-solving. It is a high-register word that commands respect in a conversation, signaling that the speaker has put thought into their statement.
हमें इन निष्कर्षों पर गहराई से विचार करना होगा। (We must deeply consider these findings.)
Furthermore, the word carries a sense of finality. While a 'vichaar' (thought) is ongoing, a 'nishkarsh' is the end of the thought process. It is the destination of a logical journey. In everyday life, you might use it when summarizing a long discussion with friends: "Toh hum kin nishkarshon par pahunche?" (So, what conclusions did we reach?). This elevates the conversation from mere chatter to a productive dialogue.
- Journalistic Usage
- News anchors often use the term when summarizing investigative reports, helping the audience understand the 'takeaway' of a complex news story.
Using निष्कर्षों (nishkarshon) correctly requires an understanding of the oblique case in Hindi. Since 'nishkarsh' is a masculine noun ending in a consonant, its plural form remains 'nishkarsh' in the direct case (e.g., 'Ye nishkarsh mahatvapurn hain' - These conclusions are important). However, as soon as you add a postposition like 'ka', 'ke', 'ki', 'se', 'mein', or 'par', it transforms into 'nishkarshon'.
जांच के निष्कर्षों ने सबको चौंका दिया। (The findings of the investigation shocked everyone.)
In this sentence, 'ke' (of) triggers the change to 'nishkarshon'. This is the most common way you will encounter the word. It is often paired with verbs like 'pahunchna' (to reach), 'nikalna' (to extract/draw), or ' सहमत होना' (to agree with). Let's look at how it functions in various sentence structures to convey different levels of formality and intent.
- The 'Basis' Pattern
- Structure: [Subject] + [nishkarshon] + ke aadhar par + [Action]. Example: 'Hamne in nishkarshon ke aadhar par naya niyam banaya.' (We made a new rule based on these findings.)
Another frequent usage is in comparative or evaluative contexts. When you are comparing the results of two different studies, you would use 'nishkarshon' to refer to the sets of results. It provides a formal bridge between the evidence and the resulting action or belief. It is rarely used in very casual slang, but it is perfectly appropriate for any serious conversation about facts or decisions.
क्या आप समिति के निष्कर्षों से सहमत हैं? (Do you agree with the committee's findings?)
Notice the use of 'se' (with) here. The word 'nishkarshon' acts as a collective noun for all the points raised by the committee. If you were only referring to one conclusion, you would say 'nishkarsh se'. The plural implies a comprehensive report with multiple facets. This is why it is so common in 'Report Reading' or 'Summary' scenarios.
- The 'Reach' Pattern
- Structure: [Subject] + [nishkarshon] + tak pahunchna. Example: 'Lambe vichaar-vimarsh ke baad hum in nishkarshon tak pahunche.' (After long deliberation, we reached these conclusions.)
Finally, consider the use of 'nishkarshon' in negative sentences. It often highlights a lack of clarity or a failure in the investigation process. For example: 'Ham kisi bhi nishkarshon tak nahi pahunch paaye' (We couldn't reach any conclusions). Here, the plural suggests that even though multiple outcomes were possible, none were achieved. This adds weight to the sense of frustration or incompleteness in the task.
अदालत ने पुलिस के निष्कर्षों को खारिज कर दिया। (The court rejected the police's findings.)
While निष्कर्षों (nishkarshon) might sound like a word reserved for heavy books, it is surprisingly common in modern Indian life, especially in professional and intellectual spheres. If you are an English speaker living in an Indian city or working with Indian colleagues, you will encounter this word in several specific environments.
- The Newsroom
- Switch on any Hindi news channel like NDTV India or Aaj Tak. During investigative segments or debates on government policy, the anchors and panelists will constantly refer to 'report ke nishkarshon' (the findings of the report). It is used to ground the debate in objective reality.
'आज की चर्चा इस सर्वे के निष्कर्षों पर आधारित है।' (Today's discussion is based on the findings of this survey.)
In the corporate world, specifically within HR or Strategy departments, Hindi-speaking professionals often code-switch, but they retain 'nishkarsh' for formal presentations. If a consultant is presenting a market analysis, they will use 'nishkarshon' to summarize the data points. It sounds more authoritative than 'results' or 'baatein'.
- Academic and Educational Settings
- In schools and universities, especially in subjects like Science or Social Studies, teachers will ask students to write the 'nishkarsh' of an experiment. When discussing multiple experiments, they refer to 'nishkarshon'. It is a key term in the Hindi-medium academic vocabulary.
Legal proceedings in India often involve Hindi, especially in lower courts or in the Hindi-speaking belt (UP, Bihar, MP, Rajasthan). Lawyers will present the 'nishkarshon' of their evidence to the judge. The word carries the weight of law and logic in these settings. Similarly, in government circulars and public notices, 'nishkarshon' is used to explain why a certain policy change is being implemented.
'जांच समिति के निष्कर्षों के अनुसार, कोई भ्रष्टाचार नहीं पाया गया।' (According to the findings of the inquiry committee, no corruption was found.)
Even in literature and serious podcasts, the word appears when authors or hosts analyze human behavior or historical events. It is a word that signals a transition from 'what happened' to 'what it means'. If you are listening to a Hindi podcast about philosophy or history, keep an ear out for this word; it usually precedes a major insight or summary of the episode's theme.
Learning to use निष्कर्षों (nishkarshon) involves avoiding several common pitfalls that English speakers often encounter. The most frequent error is related to the Hindi case system, but there are also semantic nuances that can lead to awkward phrasing.
- Mistake 1: Forgetting the Oblique Form
- Learners often say 'In nishkarsh ke aadhar par' instead of 'In nishkarshon ke aadhar par'. Because 'nishkarsh' is masculine, the plural oblique MUST end in '-on' when a postposition like 'ke' follows. Using the singular form makes the sentence grammatically incorrect and confusing if you are referring to multiple points.
❌ गलत: इन निष्कर्ष के बारे में सोचो।
✅ सही: इन निष्कर्षों के बारे में सोचो।
Another common mistake is confusing 'nishkarsh' with 'parinaam' or 'natija'. While all three can be translated as 'result' in English, they are not always interchangeable. 'Parinaam' is usually a consequence (e.g., the result of an action like a punishment). 'Natija' is more general and often used for exam results or sports scores. 'Nishkarsh' specifically implies a logical conclusion or a finding from research. Using 'nishkarsh' for a cricket match score would sound very strange!
- Mistake 2: Gender Confusion
- Some learners treat 'nishkarsh' as feminine because it ends in a consonant that might sound soft to them. However, it is masculine. This affects the adjectives and verbs. It is 'achhe nishkarsh' (good findings), not 'achhi nishkarsh'.
A third mistake is using 'nishkarshon' when only one conclusion was reached. If a study has one singular takeaway, use the singular oblique 'nishkarsh'. Using the plural 'nishkarshon' implies there are multiple distinct findings. This is a subtle point of accuracy that separates intermediate learners from advanced speakers.
❌ गलत: मुझे एक निष्कर्षों मिला।
✅ सही: मुझे एक निष्कर्ष मिला। (singular, direct)
✅ सही: मैं इस निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचा। (singular, oblique)
Lastly, be careful with the verb 'karna' (to do). You don't usually 'do' a nishkarsh. You 'nikalte' (extract) it or 'pahunche' (reach) it. Saying 'Maine nishkarsh kiya' is a direct translation of 'I did a conclusion' which sounds wrong in both languages. Stick to 'Maine nishkarsh nikala' (I drew a conclusion).
To truly master Hindi, you need to know when to use निष्कर्षों (nishkarshon) and when a synonym might be more appropriate. Hindi has a rich vocabulary for 'results' and 'conclusions', ranging from Persian-derived everyday words to Sanskrit-derived formal terms.
- नतीजे (Natije)
- This is the most common synonym. It is Urdu-derived and used in everyday speech. While 'nishkarshon' sounds academic, 'natije' sounds natural. Use 'natije' for exam results, election results, or the outcome of a small argument.
- परिणाम (Parinaam)
- This word leans towards 'consequence' or 'effect'. If you want to talk about the result of global warming or the result of a bad decision, 'parinaam' is better. It often has a slightly more serious or even ominous tone than 'nishkarsh'.
तुलना:
1. रिसर्च के निष्कर्षों (Research findings - Analytical)
2. परीक्षा के नतीजे (Exam results - Everyday)
3. युद्ध के परिणाम (Consequences of war - Impactful)
Other alternatives include 'फल' (phal), which literally means 'fruit' but is used metaphorically for the 'fruit of one's labor' or the result of an action (Karm-phal). Then there is 'सारांश' (saaraansh), which means 'summary'. While a 'nishkarsh' is a conclusion drawn from facts, a 'saaraansh' is just a shorter version of a longer text. Don't confuse the two in an academic setting!
- अंत (Ant) / समापन (Samapan)
- These mean 'end' or 'conclusion' in the sense of 'finishing' something. You would use 'samapan' for the closing ceremony of an event. You use 'nishkarsh' for the logical end of an argument.
In summary, choose 'nishkarshon' when you want to sound intellectual, evidence-based, and pluralistic. Choose 'natije' for casual plurality, and 'parinaam' when discussing the heavy consequences of actions. Knowing these distinctions will make your Hindi sound much more native and precise.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The root 'krish' is the same root found in the word 'Krishi' (agriculture), implying that reaching a conclusion is like harvesting or pulling a crop from the earth.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'sh' as 's' (Niskarshon).
- Missing the nasalization at the end (Nishkarsho).
- Making the 'r' too heavy like a flap.
- Shortening the final 'o' sound.
- Stressing the first syllable 'nish'.
سطح دشواری
Requires knowledge of the oblique plural ending '-on'.
Spelling 'sh' (retroflex) and 'r' (conjunct) can be tricky.
Nasalization at the end is often missed by beginners.
Can be confused with 'natijon' in fast speech.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Masculine Plural Oblique
Noun ending in consonant adds '-on' before postpositions (निष्कर्ष -> निष्कर्षों).
Postpositional Influence
The word 'ke' triggers the change from 'nishkarsh' to 'nishkarshon'.
Adjective Agreement
Adjectives like 'इन' (these) must match the oblique plural form.
Subject-Verb Agreement
Even if the subject is plural 'nishkarshon', the verb agrees with the main action or the direct object.
Gender Consistency
Always use masculine markers (e.g., 'महत्वपूर्ण' not 'महत्वपूर्णा').
مثالها بر اساس سطح
ये निष्कर्ष अच्छे हैं।
These conclusions are good.
Direct plural: निष्कर्ष (nishkarsh).
कहानी का निष्कर्ष क्या है?
What is the conclusion of the story?
Singular direct: निष्कर्ष (nishkarsh).
इन निष्कर्षों को देखो।
Look at these findings.
Plural oblique with postposition 'ko'.
मेरा निष्कर्ष सरल है।
My conclusion is simple.
Singular direct.
क्या ये आपके निष्कर्ष हैं?
Are these your findings?
Plural direct.
निष्कर्षों पर बात करो।
Talk about the findings.
Plural oblique with 'par'.
वह निष्कर्षों से खुश है।
He is happy with the findings.
Plural oblique with 'se'.
निष्कर्ष छोटा है।
The conclusion is short.
Singular direct.
जांच के निष्कर्षों को पढ़िए।
Read the findings of the investigation.
Oblique plural triggered by 'ke'.
हम इन निष्कर्षों तक पहुँचे।
We reached these conclusions.
Oblique plural with 'tak'.
आपके निष्कर्षों में दम है।
There is strength in your findings.
Oblique plural with 'mein'.
इन निष्कर्षों का क्या मतलब है?
What is the meaning of these findings?
Oblique plural with 'ka'.
रिपोर्ट के निष्कर्षों को साझा करें।
Share the findings of the report.
Oblique plural.
वैज्ञानिकों ने निष्कर्षों की घोषणा की।
Scientists announced the findings.
Oblique plural with 'ki'.
क्या आप इन निष्कर्षों से सहमत हैं?
Do you agree with these findings?
Oblique plural with 'se'.
हमें नए निष्कर्षों की ज़रूरत है।
We need new findings.
Oblique plural with 'ki'.
सर्वेक्षण के निष्कर्षों ने बाज़ार को बदल दिया।
The findings of the survey changed the market.
Formal usage in a business context.
इन निष्कर्षों के आधार पर हम निर्णय लेंगे।
Based on these findings, we will take a decision.
Standard 'ke aadhar par' construction.
समिति के निष्कर्षों में कुछ कमियां थीं।
There were some flaws in the committee's findings.
Using 'mein' for location of flaws.
लेखक ने अपने निष्कर्षों को विस्तार से समझाया।
The author explained their findings in detail.
Focus on 'vistar se' (in detail).
पुलिस जांच के निष्कर्षों का इंतज़ार कर रही है।
The police are waiting for the findings of the investigation.
Expressing anticipation.
इन निष्कर्षों को नज़रअंदाज़ नहीं किया जा सकता।
These findings cannot be ignored.
Passive construction 'kiya ja sakta'.
क्या आपने प्रयोग के निष्कर्षों को नोट किया?
Did you note down the findings of the experiment?
Action-oriented usage.
अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से पता चलता है कि योग लाभदायक है।
The findings of the study show that yoga is beneficial.
Introductory phrase for a fact.
आर्थिक निष्कर्षों के विपरीत, विकास दर धीमी रही।
Contrary to economic findings, the growth rate remained slow.
Using 'ke vipreet' (contrary to).
इन निष्कर्षों की वैधता पर सवाल उठाए गए हैं।
Questions have been raised about the validity of these findings.
Abstract noun 'vaidhata' (validity).
शोधकर्ता ने अपने निष्कर्षों को सांख्यिकीय रूप से सिद्ध किया।
The researcher proved their findings statistically.
Adverbial phrase 'saankhyikiya roop se'.
विभिन्न निष्कर्षों के बीच एक स्पष्ट संबंध है।
There is a clear connection between different findings.
Using 'ke beech' (between).
इन निष्कर्षों ने पुरानी मान्यताओं को चुनौती दी है।
These findings have challenged old beliefs.
Perfect tense expressing impact.
हमें इन निष्कर्षों को निष्पक्ष रूप से देखना चाहिए।
We should look at these findings objectively.
Using 'nishpaksh roop se' (objectively).
सरकारी रिपोर्ट के निष्कर्षों को सार्वजनिक किया गया।
The findings of the government report were made public.
Passive voice 'kiya gaya'.
इन निष्कर्षों का समाज पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ेगा।
These findings will have a deep impact on society.
Future tense predicting impact.
दार्शनिक ने अपने निष्कर्षों को तर्कसंगत रूप से प्रस्तुत किया।
The philosopher presented his conclusions rationally.
High-register vocabulary 'tarksangat' (rational).
इन विरोधाभासी निष्कर्षों ने वैज्ञानिकों को दुविधा में डाल दिया है।
These contradictory findings have put scientists in a dilemma.
Using 'virodhabhashi' (contradictory).
ऐतिहासिक निष्कर्षों के आलोक में, हमें अपनी समझ बदलनी होगी।
In light of historical findings, we must change our understanding.
Idiomatic 'ke aalok mein' (in light of).
इन निष्कर्षों की सूक्ष्मता को समझना अनिवार्य है।
It is essential to understand the subtlety of these findings.
Noun 'sukshmata' (subtlety).
क्या ये निष्कर्ष सार्वभौमिक रूप से लागू होते हैं?
Do these findings apply universally?
Adverb 'sarvbhaumik roop se' (universally).
आलोचकों ने इन निष्कर्षों की निष्पक्षता पर संदेह व्यक्त किया।
Critics expressed doubt about the impartiality of these findings.
Complex noun 'nishpakshata' (impartiality).
इन निष्कर्षों से प्राप्त डेटा अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।
The data obtained from these findings is extremely important.
Participial phrase 'se praapt' (obtained from).
लेख ने वैज्ञानिक निष्कर्षों और नैतिक मूल्यों के बीच संतुलन बनाया।
The article balanced scientific findings and ethical values.
Abstract comparison.
इन निष्कर्षों की दार्शनिक मीमांसा करना आवश्यक है।
It is necessary to conduct a philosophical critique of these findings.
Sanskritized term 'mimansa' (critique/inquiry).
क्या ये निष्कर्ष केवल अनुभवजन्य साक्ष्यों पर आधारित हैं?
Are these findings based solely on empirical evidence?
Technical term 'anubhavjanya' (empirical).
इन निष्कर्षों का प्रतिपादन करते समय अत्यंत सावधानी बरती गई।
Extreme caution was exercised while formulating these findings.
Formal verb 'pratipaadan karna' (to formulate/propound).
निष्कर्षों की यह विविधता शोध की व्यापकता को दर्शाती है।
This diversity of findings reflects the comprehensiveness of the research.
Abstract nouns 'vividhata' and 'vyapakta'.
इन निष्कर्षों ने ज्ञान-मीमांसा के नए द्वार खोल दिए हैं।
These findings have opened new doors for epistemology.
Metaphorical usage.
समकालीन विमर्श में इन निष्कर्षों की प्रासंगिकता निर्विवाद है।
The relevance of these findings in contemporary discourse is indisputable.
High-register 'nirvivaad' (indisputable).
इन निष्कर्षों को सैद्धांतिक ढांचे के भीतर समझना होगा।
These findings must be understood within the theoretical framework.
Technical 'saidhaantik dhaanche' (theoretical framework).
निष्कर्षों का यह समूह एक नए प्रतिमान की ओर संकेत करता है।
This set of findings points towards a new paradigm.
Advanced term 'pratimaan' (paradigm).
مترادفها
متضادها
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To draw a conclusion. Used when someone infers something from a situation.
बिना सोचे-समझे निष्कर्ष मत निकालो।
Neutral— To reach a conclusion. Implies a journey of thought.
क्या आप किसी निष्कर्ष पर पहुँचे?
Neutral— A flurry of findings. Used when many results come out at once.
आज की रिपोर्ट में निष्कर्षों की झड़ी लग गई।
Informal— A web of conclusions. Used when findings are complex and confusing.
वह निष्कर्षों के जाल में फंस गया है।
Literary— The test of findings. Using conclusions to prove something.
सच को निष्कर्षों की कसौटी पर परखो।
Formal— To set aside findings. Ignoring evidence.
उसने निष्कर्षों को ताक पर रखकर फैसला लिया।
Informal— The resonance of findings. When results have a lasting impact.
इन निष्कर्षों की गूंज सालों तक रहेगी।
Poetic— A box of findings. Used for a report with many varied results.
समिति ने निष्कर्षों का पिटारा खोल दिया।
Informalخانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Nish-Karsh' as 'Net-Cash'. After all the work, the 'Net Cash' you take home is your 'Nishkarsh' (conclusion/result).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a scientist pulling a single golden thread (the conclusion) out of a tangled mess of blue strings (the data).
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write three sentences about a recent decision you made using 'in निष्कर्षों के आधार पर'.
ریشه کلمه
Derived from the Sanskrit word 'निष्कर्ष' (niṣkarṣa). It is a combination of the prefix 'ni' (down/into) and the root 'kṛṣ' (to pull/draw).
معنای اصلی: To pull out, to extract, to essence.
Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit)بافت فرهنگی
No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, formal academic term.
English speakers might use 'findings' or 'takeaways'. 'Nishkarshon' is more formal than 'takeaways' but less dry than 'data points'.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Scientific Research
- प्रयोग के निष्कर्षों
- डेटा के निष्कर्षों
- अंतिम निष्कर्षों
- त्रुटिपूर्ण निष्कर्षों
Legal Cases
- जांच के निष्कर्षों
- अदालत के निष्कर्षों
- पुलिस के निष्कर्षों
- साक्ष्य आधारित निष्कर्षों
Business Meetings
- मार्केट के निष्कर्षों
- सर्वेक्षण के निष्कर्षों
- रणनीतिक निष्कर्षों
- वित्तीय निष्कर्षों
Academic Writing
- अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों
- लेख के निष्कर्षों
- सैद्धांतिक निष्कर्षों
- ऐतिहासिक निष्कर्षों
Daily Life Summaries
- हमारी बातचीत के निष्कर्षों
- अनुभव के निष्कर्षों
- जीवन के निष्कर्षों
- छोटे निष्कर्षों
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"क्या आप इस रिपोर्ट के निष्कर्षों से सहमत हैं?"
"इन निष्कर्षों के आधार पर आपका अगला कदम क्या होगा?"
"जांच समिति के निष्कर्षों ने आपको कितना प्रभावित किया?"
"क्या आपको लगता है कि ये निष्कर्ष निष्पक्ष हैं?"
"हम इन निष्कर्षों तक कैसे पहुँचे, क्या आप समझा सकते हैं?"
موضوعات نگارش
आज के अपने अनुभवों के मुख्य निष्कर्षों के बारे में लिखिए।
किसी ऐसी घटना का वर्णन करें जहाँ आपके निष्कर्ष गलत साबित हुए।
क्या आपको लगता है कि वैज्ञानिक निष्कर्षों को हमेशा सच मानना चाहिए?
अपनी पसंदीदा किताब के निष्कर्षों का विश्लेषण करें।
एक काल्पनिक जांच रिपोर्ट के निष्कर्षों की सूची बनाइए।
Summary
The word 'निष्कर्षों' (nishkarshon) is essential for anyone wanting to discuss research, data, or logical decisions in formal Hindi. Example: 'इन निष्कर्षों के आधार पर' (On the basis of these findings).
- Formal term for results or findings.
- Plural oblique form of 'nishkarsh'.
- Used in academic, legal, and professional contexts.
- Implies a logical process of extraction.
محتوای مرتبط
قواعد دستوری مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر academic
आचार्य
B1یک معلم محترم، دانشمند یا استاد که نه تنها دانش، بلکه اخلاق را نیز آموزش میدهد.
आगे चलकर
B1در آینده، بعدها. به معنای اتفاقی است که با گذشت زمان رخ میدهد.
आकलन
B1ارزیابی یا تخمین ماهیت، کیفیت یا توانایی کسی یا چیزی.
आकलन करना
B1ارزیابی کردن یا سنجیدن. ما باید وضعیت را به دقت ارزیابی کنیم.
आँकना
B1تخمین زدن یا ارزیابی ارزش، مقدار یا وسعت چیزی. ۱. او قیمت خانه را تخمین زد. ۲. حریف خود را دست کم نگیرید.
आंकना
B1ارزیابی کردن یا تخمین زدن. 'او وضعیت را ارزیابی کرد' (Usne stithi ko āńkā).
आंकड़ा
A2دادهها، آمار، ارقام. برای نشان دادن اطلاعات عددی استفاده میشود.
आँकड़े
B1دادهها یا آمارهای جمعآوری شده برای تجزیه و تحلیل. 'آمار (आँकड़े) نشاندهنده پیشرفت است.'
आँकड़ा
B1حقایق و آمارهای جمعآوری شده برای مرجع یا تحلیل؛ دادهها.
आंकड़े
B1حقایق و آماری که برای ارجاع یا تجزیه و تحلیل با هم جمع آوری شده اند.
