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B2 noun #1,500 پرکاربردترین 6 دقیقه مطالعه

공급

gonggeup رتبه 1,500

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 공급 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 공급 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you can think of '공급' (gong-geup) as a very formal way to say 'giving' or 'sending' things that people need. While you might not use this word in basic daily conversations like 'give me an apple', you might see it on signs or hear it on the news. Imagine a big truck bringing milk to a school every day—that is '공급'. It is about big groups giving things to many people. You can remember it as 'Big Giving'. Even at this level, knowing that '공급' is the opposite of '수요' (suyo - wanting/buying) can help you understand basic signs in a market or a store. Just remember: '공급' is when a store or a company has things ready for you to buy.

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At the A2 level, you start to see '공급' in more specific contexts like utilities. For example, '물 공급' (water supply) or '전기 공급' (electricity supply). You might hear an announcement in an apartment saying the water will be cut off—they will use the word '공급 중단' (supply suspension). You should also know the verb form '공급하다'. If a company makes bread and sends it to all the supermarkets, they are '공급하고 있어요' (supplying). It's more formal than '주다' (to give). You can use it when talking about your job if you work in a factory or a warehouse. It helps you sound more professional when describing how things move from one place to another.

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At the B1 level, '공급' becomes an important word for discussing social issues and the economy. You should be able to understand phrases like '수요와 공급의 법칙' (the law of supply and demand). This is the basic rule that decides prices. If there is a lot of '공급' but not many people want to buy, the price goes down. If there is a '공급 부족' (shortage of supply), the price goes up. You will also see this word in the news regarding '주택 공급' (housing supply), which is a major topic in Korea. You should practice using it with different verbs like '늘리다' (to increase) or '줄이다' (to decrease). For example, '정부는 주택 공급을 늘려야 합니다' (The government must increase the housing supply).

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '공급' with nuance and in complex grammatical structures. You should understand the concept of a '공급망' (supply chain) and how global events affect it. You can discuss '공급 과잉' (oversupply) and its impact on the market. At this level, you should also distinguish '공급' from similar words like '제공', '납품', and '배급'. For instance, you would use '납품' when talking about a specific contract between companies, but '공급' when talking about the general availability of the product in the market. You should be comfortable using the passive form '공급되다' and the recipient form '공급받다' in professional emails or reports.

At the C1 level, '공급' is used in academic and highly technical discussions. You might analyze '공급 탄력성' (price elasticity of supply) or the '공급 측면의 경제학' (supply-side economics). You can use the word to describe abstract concepts, such as the '공급' of human resources or talent in a specific industry. You should be able to read complex economic editorials that discuss how '공급망의 다변화' (diversification of the supply chain) is necessary for national security. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the systemic nature of supply, including logistics, production costs, and regulatory impacts. You can use it to critique government policies or corporate strategies with precision.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of '공급' and its role in the intricate web of global discourse. You can engage in deep philosophical or high-level political debates about the '공급' of public goods versus private goods. You understand the historical evolution of supply systems in Korea, from the '배급' systems of the mid-20th century to the hyper-efficient '공급망' of today's semiconductor industry. You can use the term metaphorically or in highly specialized fields like thermodynamics (energy supply) or advanced medicine (blood/organ supply). Your mastery allows you to use '공급' in any register, from a formal state-of-the-union address to a complex legal contract, with perfect collocations and stylistic flair.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

공급 در ۳۰ ثانیه

공급 means 'supply' or 'provision' of goods/services.
It is the direct antonym of 수요 (demand) in economics.
Commonly used for utilities like water, gas, and electricity.
Essential for discussing business, logistics, and the economy.

The term 공급 (Gong-geup) is a foundational concept in both daily logistics and high-level economic theory. At its core, it refers to the act of providing, furnishing, or making available a commodity, service, or resource to meet a specific need or demand. In the context of market economics, it represents the total quantity of a product that sellers are willing and able to offer at various prices. Understanding 공급 is essential for anyone navigating the Korean business world or discussing social infrastructure.

Etymological Root: Derived from the Hanja 供 (바칠 공 - to offer/provide) and 給 (줄 급 - to give/supply), the word literally translates to 'offering and giving'. This suggests a formal or structured distribution rather than a casual gift.
Economic Scope: In economics, 공급 is the 'Supply' in 'Supply and Demand' (수요와 공급). It encompasses everything from the production of raw materials to the final retail availability of goods.

최근 원자재 가격 상승으로 인해 부품 공급이 원활하지 않습니다. (Due to the recent rise in raw material prices, the supply of parts is not smooth.)

Beyond economics, 공급 is used for essential utilities. When Koreans talk about 'water supply' (상수도 공급) or 'electricity supply' (전력 공급), they are referring to the systematic delivery of these necessities to households and industries. It implies a continuous, reliable stream of resources managed by an entity.

정부는 주택 공급을 확대하여 부동산 시장을 안정시키겠다고 발표했습니다. (The government announced it would stabilize the real estate market by expanding the housing supply.)

In a modern context, the term has expanded to digital realms, such as 'data supply' or 'content supply' (콘텐츠 공급). However, its most powerful usage remains in the 'Supply Chain' (공급망), a term that became globally significant during recent logistical crises. A 'supply chain' represents the entire network of individuals, organizations, resources, activities, and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product.

Market Equilibrium: When supply (공급) meets demand (수요), the market reaches a state of equilibrium. If supply exceeds demand, we see a 'surplus' (공급 과잉); if demand exceeds supply, we see a 'shortage' (공급 부족).

전쟁으로 인해 에너지 공급망이 붕괴되었습니다. (The energy supply chain collapsed due to the war.)

Using 공급 correctly requires understanding its common verb pairings and the grammatical structures it inhabits. It primarily functions as a noun, but it frequently combines with the verb 하다 (to do) to become 공급하다 (to supply) or 받다 (to receive) to become 공급받다 (to be supplied with).

Active vs. Passive

공급하다: The entity (company/government) supplies the item. (A가 B를 공급하다)
공급되다: The item is being supplied. (B가 공급되다)
공급받다: The recipient receives the supply. (C가 A로부터 B를 공급받다)

우리 회사는 전 세계에 반도체를 공급하고 있습니다. (Our company is supplying semiconductors to the whole world.)

In formal writing, especially in business reports or news articles, you will often see 공급 paired with verbs that describe changes in quantity or flow. For instance, 확대하다 (to expand), 축소하다 (to reduce), 중단하다 (to suspend), or 재개하다 (to resume).

폭설로 인해 신선 식품의 공급이 일시적으로 중단되었습니다. (The supply of fresh food was temporarily suspended due to heavy snow.)

In technical or academic contexts, 공급 often appears in compound nouns. Common examples include 공급망 관리 (SCM - Supply Chain Management), 공급 가격 (Supply Price), and 공급 능력 (Supply Capacity). These terms are vital for B2-level learners who wish to discuss business or social issues in Korean.

Collocations with Adjectives

원활한 공급: Smooth/seamless supply
안정적인 공급: Stable supply
제한적인 공급: Limited supply
과잉 공급: Over-supply (Surplus)

You will encounter 공급 in a variety of settings, ranging from the mundane to the highly professional. It is a staple of the Korean news cycle, particularly in segments covering the economy, real estate, and international relations.

1. Economic News & Reports: Journalists frequently use '공급' when discussing inflation or market trends. If the price of cabbage (배추) skyrockets, the news will report on the '공급 부족' (supply shortage) from the farms.
2. Real Estate (부동산): In Korea, real estate is a national obsession. You will hear about '주택 공급 계획' (housing supply plans) constantly in political debates and urban planning announcements.

뉴스 데스크: "정부는 수도권에 30만 가구의 주택 공급을 확정했습니다." (News Desk: "The government has confirmed the supply of 300,000 housing units in the metropolitan area.")

In the workplace, 공급 is used in procurement and operations. A manager might ask, "원자재 공급 업체와 연락해 봤나요?" (Have you contacted the raw material supplier?). It is the standard term for the B2B (Business-to-Business) flow of goods.

Lastly, you will hear it in public service announcements. During a drought, the government might announce '제한 급수' (restricted water supply), or during a heatwave, there might be concerns about '전력 공급 예비율' (electricity supply reserve rate). These terms affect the daily lives of everyone living in Korea.

안내 방송: "아파트 단지 내 변압기 교체 작업으로 인해 오후 2시부터 전기 공급이 중단됩니다." (Announcement: "Electricity supply will be suspended from 2 PM due to transformer replacement work in the apartment complex.")

While 공급 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other terms that mean 'to give' or 'to provide'. Distinguishing these nuances is what separates a B1 learner from a B2/C1 proficient speaker.

1. 공급 vs. 제공 (Gong-geup vs. Je-gong): 공급 implies a systematic, often commercial or large-scale distribution of resources (water, goods, electricity). 제공 is more general and often refers to providing services, information, or opportunities. You '제공' a discount or information, but you '공급' parts to a factory.
2. 공급 vs. 배달 (Gong-geup vs. Bae-dal): 배달 is specifically 'delivery' to a final consumer (like pizza or a parcel). 공급 is the broader act of making the item available in the first place. You wouldn't say '치킨 공급' unless you are talking about the supply of raw chickens to the restaurant.

틀린 표현: 친구에게 생일 선물을 공급했다. (X)
옳은 표현: 친구에게 생일 선물을 주었다. (O)

Another mistake is using the wrong particles. Because 공급 involves a flow from one place to another, learners sometimes forget to use ~에 (to) or ~로부터 (from). Remember: [Supplier]가 [Recipient]에게 [Item]을 공급하다.

수요가 공급을 초과하면 가격이 오릅니다. (When demand exceeds supply, prices rise.) - Note: Here '공급' is the object of the verb '초과하다'.

To truly master 공급, you should understand how it relates to its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a specific context where it is the most natural choice.

제공 (Provision/Offer): Focuses on the act of making something available for use. Often used for services, information, or benefits.
Example: 서비스 제공 (Providing service)
배급 (Distribution/Rationing): Often implies a controlled distribution, such as food rations during a war or the distribution of a film to theaters.
Example: 영화 배급 (Film distribution)
납품 (Delivery of Goods): Specifically used when a supplier delivers ordered goods to a company or government agency.
Example: 부품 납품 (Delivery of parts)
보급 (Dissemination/Popularization): Used when something is being spread widely among the public, like a new technology or a habit.
Example: 스마트폰 보급 (The spread of smartphones)

비교:
1. 전기를 공급하다 (Supply electricity - Infrastructure)
2. 정보를 제공하다 (Provide information - Service)
3. 쌀을 배급하다 (Ration rice - Controlled distribution)

Understanding these differences allows you to be more precise. For example, in a business meeting, saying '납품' instead of '공급' when talking about a specific order shows that you understand the contractual nature of the transaction.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

~로 인해 (due to)

~을 통해 (through)

~기로 하다 (decide to)

~지 않다 (negation)

~고 있다 (progressive)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

우유를 학교에 공급해요.

They supply milk to the school.

공급해요 is the polite present tense.

물이 공급됩니다.

Water is being supplied.

공급됩니다 is the formal passive form.

빵 공급이 많아요.

There is a lot of bread supply.

Noun + 이/가 indicates the subject.

가게에 물건을 공급해요.

I supply goods to the store.

Object marker 을 is used.

전기 공급이 끊겼어요.

The electricity supply was cut off.

Past tense of 'to be cut off'.

사과 공급이 적어요.

The apple supply is low.

적다 means 'to be few/little'.

누가 이것을 공급합니까?

Who supplies this?

Formal question form.

공급이 중요해요.

Supply is important.

Simple adjective sentence.

이 공장은 자동차 부품을 공급합니다.

This factory supplies car parts.

Formal declarative form.

가뭄 때문에 물 공급이 어려워요.

Water supply is difficult due to the drought.

때문에 indicates reason.

새로운 아파트에 가스를 공급해요.

They are supplying gas to the new apartments.

Directional particle 에.

공급 업체가 바뀌었어요.

The supply company (supplier) has changed.

공급 업체 is a common compound noun.

채소 공급이 원활하지 않아요.

The supply of vegetables is not smooth.

~지 않다 is a negation.

우리는 전기를 안정적으로 공급받아요.

We receive a stable supply of electricity.

공급받다 means 'to receive supply'.

공급 가격을 확인해 보세요.

Please check the supply price.

Imperative form ~보세요.

시장에 고기 공급이 늘어났어요.

The supply of meat in the market has increased.

늘어나다 means 'to increase'.

수요와 공급의 균형이 깨졌습니다.

The balance of supply and demand has been broken.

균형이 깨지다 is a common idiom.

정부는 주택 공급을 확대하기로 했습니다.

The government decided to expand the housing supply.

~기로 하다 indicates a decision.

원자재 공급이 지연되고 있습니다.

The supply of raw materials is being delayed.

~고 있다 indicates continuous action.

에너지 공급원을 다양화해야 합니다.

We must diversify our energy supply sources.

~해야 하다 indicates necessity.

공급 과잉으로 인해 가격이 폭락했습니다.

Prices plummeted due to oversupply.

폭락하다 is a strong word for 'crash'.

이 회사는 부품을 독점적으로 공급합니다.

This company supplies parts exclusively.

독점적으로 means 'monopolistically'.

재난 지역에 구호 물자를 공급하고 있습니다.

They are supplying relief goods to the disaster area.

구호 물자 means 'relief goods'.

안정적인 공급망 확보가 중요합니다.

Securing a stable supply chain is important.

확보 means 'securing/obtaining'.

공급망 혼란이 전 세계 경제에 영향을 미치고 있다.

Supply chain disruption is affecting the global economy.

영향을 미치다 is a high-level collocation.

반도체 공급 부족 사태가 장기화될 전망이다.

The semiconductor supply shortage is expected to be prolonged.

전망이다 means 'it is the outlook/prospect'.

수요가 급증하면서 공급이 따라가지 못하고 있다.

As demand surges, supply is unable to keep up.

따라가지 못하다 means 'cannot keep up'.

공급 업체와의 계약 조건을 재검토해야 합니다.

We need to review the contract terms with the supplier.

재검토하다 means 'to review/re-examine'.

정부는 공공 주택 공급을 통해 서민 주거를 안정시키려 한다.

The government intends to stabilize housing for common people through public housing supply.

~을 통해 means 'through/via'.

비용 절감을 위해 공급 업체를 다변화했습니다.

We diversified our suppliers to reduce costs.

비용 절감 means 'cost reduction'.

전력 공급 예비율이 위험 수준까지 떨어졌습니다.

The electricity supply reserve rate has dropped to a dangerous level.

예비율 means 'reserve rate'.

공급자 중심의 시장에서 소비자 중심의 시장으로 변하고 있다.

The market is changing from a supplier-centered one to a consumer-centered one.

~에서 ~로 indicates transition.

공급 탄력성이 낮은 상품은 가격 변동에 민감하다.

Goods with low supply elasticity are sensitive to price changes.

공급 탄력성 is an economic term.

글로벌 공급망의 지정학적 리스크가 증대되고 있다.

Geopolitical risks in the global supply chain are increasing.

지정학적 means 'geopolitical'.

공급 측면의 충격이 스태그플레이션을 유발할 수 있다.

A supply-side shock can cause stagflation.

유발하다 means 'to trigger/cause'.

탄소 중립 달성을 위해 신재생 에너지 공급 비중을 높여야 한다.

To achieve carbon neutrality, the proportion of renewable energy supply must be increased.

비중 means 'proportion/weight'.

공급망의 투명성 확보는 기업의 사회적 책임 중 하나이다.

Securing supply chain transparency is one of the social responsibilities of a corporation.

투명성 means 'transparency'.

노동 공급의 감소는 잠재 성장률 하락으로 이어질 수 있다.

A decrease in labor supply can lead to a decline in the potential growth rate.

~로 이어지다 means 'to lead to'.

적정 공급량을 산출하기 위해 정밀한 시장 분석이 필요하다.

Precise market analysis is required to calculate the appropriate supply volume.

산출하다 means 'to calculate/compute'.

공급 독점은 시장의 효율성을 저해하는 주요 요인이다.

Supply monopoly is a major factor that hinders market efficiency.

저해하다 means 'to hinder/impede'.

공급망의 회복탄력성(Resilience)은 현대 경영의 핵심 화두이다.

Supply chain resilience is a key topic in modern management.

회복탄력성 is a sophisticated term for resilience.

수요와 공급의 상호작용은 시장 경제의 보이지 않는 손과 같다.

The interaction of supply and demand is like the invisible hand of the market economy.

보이지 않는 손 is a reference to Adam Smith.

자원 민족주의의 확산은 글로벌 자원 공급 체계를 위협하고 있다.

The spread of resource nationalism is threatening the global resource supply system.

자원 민족주의 means 'resource nationalism'.

공급 과잉에 따른 디플레이션 압력이 거세지고 있다.

Deflationary pressure due to oversupply is intensifying.

거세지다 means 'to become fierce/intense'.

기술 공급의 편중 현상은 국가 간 정보 격차를 심화시킨다.

The concentration of technology supply exacerbates the digital divide between nations.

편중 현상 means 'concentration phenomenon'.

공급망 실사법의 도입은 기업들에게 새로운 도전 과제를 안겨주었다.

The introduction of supply chain due diligence laws has presented new challenges to companies.

실사법 means 'due diligence law'.

유동성 공급 확대가 자산 가격 거품을 형성할 우려가 있다.

There is a concern that expanding the liquidity supply may form an asset price bubble.

유동성 means 'liquidity'.

공급망의 디지털 전환은 실시간 가시성 확보를 가능케 한다.

The digital transformation of the supply chain enables real-time visibility.

가능케 하다 is a formal way to say 'make possible'.

مترادف‌ها

제공 배급 보급 지원 조달

متضادها

수요

ترکیب‌های رایج

공급 부족 (Supply shortage)

공급 과잉 (Oversupply)

공급망 (Supply chain)

공급 업체 (Supplier)

공급 가격 (Supply price)

원활한 공급 (Smooth supply)

안정적 공급 (Stable supply)

주택 공급 (Housing supply)

전력 공급 (Power supply)

공급을 늘리다 (Increase supply)

عبارات رایج

수요와 공급 (Supply and demand)

공급이 중단되다 (Supply is cut off)

공급을 확대하다 (Expand supply)

공급을 제한하다 (Limit supply)

공급을 재개하다 (Resume supply)

공급 계약을 맺다 (Sign a supply contract)

공급 능력을 갖추다 (Have supply capacity)

공급망 관리 (SCM)

공급자 중심 (Supplier-centered)

공급이 딸리다 (Supply is short/insufficient)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

공급 vs 제공 (General provision)

공급 vs 배달 (Individual delivery)

공급 vs 납품 (Contractual delivery)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"수요와 공급의 법칙 (The law of supply and demand)"

"공급이 수요를 창출한다 (Supply creates its own demand - Say's Law)"

"공급망의 병목 현상 (Bottleneck in the supply chain)"

"물 들어올 때 노 젓는다 (Row when the water comes in - related to timing supply)"

"밑 빠진 독에 물 붓기 (Pouring water into a bottomless pot - endless supply with no result)"

"공급 과잉의 시대 (An era of oversupply)"

"수요가 있는 곳에 공급이 있다 (Where there is demand, there is supply)"

"공급망 리스크 (Supply chain risk)"

"공급의 탄력성 (Elasticity of supply)"

"공급 쇼크 (Supply shock)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

공급 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

social

Can refer to the supply of labor (노동 공급).

technical

In engineering, it can refer to power supply (전원 공급).

اشتباهات رایج

Using 공급 for small personal items.
Confusing 공급 with 배달 (delivery).
Forgetting the particle '에' for the recipient.
Using 수요 when you mean supply.
Mispronouncing 'geup' as 'geu'.

نکات

Learn the Pair

Always learn '수요' and '공급' together as a set.

Invoice Terms

'공급가액' is the amount on an invoice before tax.

Passive Form

Use '공급되다' when the focus is on the item, not the supplier.

Real Estate

When reading about apartments, '분양' is a type of '공급'.

Global News

Look for '공급망' (Supply Chain) in international news.

Gong-geup

Gong (Public/Mass) + Geup (Give). Giving to the public.

Formal Reports

Use '원활한 공급' to describe a healthy supply situation.

Professionalism

Using '공급' instead of '주다' in meetings makes you sound expert.

Utility Alerts

Listen for '단수' (water cut) which is a '공급 중단'.

Elasticity

Learn '공급 탄력성' for C1 level economic discussions.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

Korea is a key player in the global semiconductor supply chain.

School meal systems are referred to as '급식', sharing a root with '공급'.

Housing supply is the primary tool for controlling real estate prices in Korea.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"요즘 배추 공급이 부족해서 김치 가격이 너무 비싸요."

"우리 아파트에 오늘 물 공급이 끊긴대요."

"반도체 공급 부족 문제가 언제쯤 해결될까요?"

"새로운 공급 업체를 찾아야 할 것 같아요."

"정부의 주택 공급 정책에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

موضوعات نگارش

오늘 내가 소비한 물건들 중 공급망이 가장 복잡할 것 같은 것은 무엇인가?

우리 동네의 주택 공급 상황은 어떠한가?

전기나 물 공급이 중단되었을 때의 경험을 써보자.

공급과 수요의 법칙이 내 일상에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 생각해보자.

내가 다니는 회사는 무엇을 공급하는 회사인가?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

공급 is for systematic, large-scale resources like water or market goods. 제공 is for services, info, or favors.

No, that sounds too industrial. Use '선물하다' or '주다'.

No, it's used for utilities (water/power) and logistics too.

It means 'Supply Chain'.

You say '공급 과잉'.

The opposite is 수요 (Demand).

Yes, '콘텐츠 공급' is a common phrase.

It's a 'supplier' or 'vendor'.

공급하다 is active (to supply), 공급되다 is passive (to be supplied).

It means 'housing supply', a major social topic in Korea.

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