B2 · بالای متوسط فصل 49

The Indirect Mood

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Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of storytelling and hearsay using the unique Lithuanian indirect mood.

  • Identify the formation of the indirect mood using participles.
  • Distinguish between direct facts and reported hearsay.
  • Apply the indirect mood to narrative contexts and gossip.
Distant tales, precisely told.

چی یاد می‌گیری

Using the 'Atpasakojamoji nuosaka' for storytelling and hearsay. Learn this unique feature of Baltic grammar.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: recount a story using the indirect mood to signify hearsay without relying on direct quotes.

نکات و ترفندها (1)

💡

Use 'esą'

Always use 'esą' when you want to be clear that it is hearsay.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrative Hearsay with Participles

واژگان کلیدی (5)

girdėti to hear esą allegedly / reportedly kalbama it is being said matytas seen (past participle) neva supposedly

Real-World Preview

users

The Local Gossip

Review Summary

  • Subject + esą + participle

اشتباهات رایج

The indirect mood requires the participle form, not the indicative verb.

Wrong: Jis esą dirba.
صحیح: Jis esą dirbąs.

When reporting hearsay, you must shift to the indirect mood even if you know the tense.

Wrong: Girdėjau, kad jis dirbo.
صحیح: Girdėjau, kad jis esą dirbęs.

Avoid combining the indicative verb 'yra' with 'esą'; use the participle 'esąs'.

Wrong: Esą jis yra geras.
صحیح: Esą jis esąs geras.

قواعد این فصل (1)

1

Narrative Hearsay with Participles

B2

Next Steps

You have navigated one of the most unique features of the language. Keep practicing, and your Lithuanian will sound incredibly authentic!

Read a short news snippet and rewrite it using indirect speech.

Continue to: Abstract Nouns

تمرین سریع (3)

Correct the error.

Find and fix the mistake:

Jie esąs atvykę.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Jie esą atvykę.
Plural agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrative Hearsay with Participles

Fill in the correct participle.

Jis ___ (atvykti) vakar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: atvykęs
Masculine singular past active participle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrative Hearsay with Participles

Choose the correct sentence.

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ji esanti atvykusi.
Feminine singular agreement.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Narrative Hearsay with Participles

Score: /3

سوالات رایج (2)

It is more concise and sounds more professional.
Yes, but it changes the participle form.
فصل قبلی
Subtle Syntax
فصل بعدی
Abstract Nouns
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