A2 Prepositions & Connectors 1 min read آسان

Portuguese Contractions: Combining Prepositions + Articles (do, no, ao, pelo)

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

In Portuguese, when a preposition meets an article, they merge into one word to sound smoother.

  • de + o = do (of the, masculine)
  • em + a = na (in the, feminine)
  • a + o = ao (to the, masculine)
Prep + Art = Contraction (e.g., de + o = do)

مرور کلی

In Portuguese, prepositions contract with articles: de+o=do, de+a=da, em+o=no, em+a=na, a+o=ao, a+a=à, por+o=pelo, por+a=pela. These contractions are mandatory (not optional). Also with demonstratives: de+este=deste, em+aquele=naquele.

Common Contractions

Preposition Article Contraction
de
o
do
de
a
da
em
o
no
em
a
na
a
o
ao
a
a
à
por
o
pelo
por
a
pela

Plural Contractions

Preposition Article Contraction
de
os
dos
de
as
das
em
os
nos
em
as
nas

Meanings

Contractions occur when a preposition (like de, em, a, por) fuses with a definite article (o, a, os, as) to create a single, efficient word.

1

Possession/Origin

Using 'do/da' to show belonging or source.

“O carro do João.”

“A casa da Maria.”

2

Location

Using 'no/na' to indicate being inside or at a place.

“Estou no escritório.”

“Ela está na escola.”

3

Direction

Using 'ao/à' to indicate movement toward a destination.

“Vou ao cinema.”

“Ele foi à praia.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Portuguese Contractions: Combining Prepositions + Articles (do, no, ao, pelo)
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
de + o
O carro do pai.
Affirmative
em + a
Estou na sala.
Negative
de + o
Não é do João.
Negative
em + a
Não estou na escola.
Question
de + o
É do seu irmão?
Question
em + a
Você está na festa?
Short Answer
em + o
Sim, estou no trabalho.
Variation
a + a
Vou à praia.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Estou na casa.

Estou na casa. (Daily life)

خنثی
Estou na casa.

Estou na casa. (Daily life)

غیر رسمی
Tô na casa.

Tô na casa. (Daily life)

عامیانه
Tô na casa.

Tô na casa. (Daily life)

The Contraction Fusion

Contraction

De

  • do of the (masc)
  • da of the (fem)

Em

  • no in the (masc)
  • na in the (fem)

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Eu moro no Brasil.

I live in Brazil.

2

O livro é do João.

The book is João's.

3

Estou na escola.

I am at school.

4

A casa da Maria.

Maria's house.

1

Vou ao cinema hoje.

I'm going to the cinema today.

2

Ele caminha pelo parque.

He walks through the park.

3

Gosto das praias de Portugal.

I like the beaches of Portugal.

4

Estamos nos Estados Unidos.

We are in the United States.

1

Diga à professora a verdade.

Tell the truth to the teacher.

2

O resultado do exame foi bom.

The exam result was good.

3

Eles moram numa casa grande.

They live in a big house.

4

Pela manhã, tomo café.

In the morning, I drink coffee.

1

A decisão foi tomada pelo conselho.

The decision was made by the council.

2

Chegamos à conclusão de que é impossível.

We reached the conclusion that it is impossible.

3

Os problemas da economia são complexos.

The economy's problems are complex.

4

Ele passou pelos testes com sucesso.

He passed the tests successfully.

1

À medida que estudamos, aprendemos mais.

As we study, we learn more.

2

O autor refere-se à obra clássica.

The author refers to the classic work.

3

Pelos vistos, ele não vem.

Apparently, he is not coming.

4

A situação do país preocupa-nos.

The country's situation worries us.

1

À luz dos acontecimentos, mudamos de opinião.

In light of the events, we changed our opinion.

2

O reconhecimento pelo mérito é justo.

Recognition for merit is fair.

3

Ele vive à margem da sociedade.

He lives on the fringes of society.

4

A influência dos meios de comunicação é vasta.

The influence of the media is vast.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Portuguese Contractions: Combining Prepositions + Articles (do, no, ao, pelo) در مقابل do vs no

Learners mix 'of the' and 'in the'.

Portuguese Contractions: Combining Prepositions + Articles (do, no, ao, pelo) در مقابل ao vs à

Learners forget the crase.

Portuguese Contractions: Combining Prepositions + Articles (do, no, ao, pelo) در مقابل pelo vs pela

Gender agreement.

اشتباهات رایج

de o

do

Always contract de + o.

em a

na

Always contract em + a.

a o

ao

Always contract a + o.

de a

da

Always contract de + a.

de os

dos

Plural also contracts.

em os

nos

Plural also contracts.

a a

à

Needs crase.

por o

pelo

Por + o = pelo.

por a

pela

Por + a = pela.

em um

num

Em + um = num.

a a

à

Crase is mandatory.

de o

do

Even in formal writing.

em a

na

Consistent usage.

por o

pelo

Consistent usage.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Eu estou ___ ___.

Este é o livro ___ ___.

Eu vou ___ ___.

Eu passo ___ ___.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Tô no mercado.

Travel very common

Vou ao hotel.

Job Interview common

Trabalhei na empresa X.

Food Delivery common

O pedido do cliente.

Social Media very common

Foto do dia.

Academic Writing constant

A análise do texto.

💡

Gender is Key

Always identify the noun's gender first.
⚠️

Don't skip the crase

Always use 'à' for feminine nouns.
🎯

Listen for the 'u' sound

Contractions often sound like 'u' in speech.
💬

Regional variation

In Brazil, 'em' + 'o' is always 'no'.

Smart Tips

Always check if a preposition is followed by an article.

Eu vou a o cinema. Eu vou ao cinema.

Focus on the flow; contractions make it easier.

Estou em o carro. Estou no carro.

Identify the base words.

O livro do João. O livro de o João.

Listen for the merged sounds.

Vou a a praia. Vou à praia.

تلفظ

/du/

Vowel reduction

The 'o' in 'do' or 'no' often sounds like 'u'.

Statement

Estou no carro. ↘

Falling intonation for facts.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of contractions as magnets: Prepositions and articles are attracted to each other and snap together.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine two puzzle pieces labeled 'de' and 'o' clicking together to form 'do'.

Rhyme

De plus o makes do, em plus a makes na, it's the Portuguese way, just like that, ha!

Story

João wanted to go to the park. He said 'Vou a o parque'. His friend laughed and said 'No, say ao parque!'. João learned that in Portugal, words love to hold hands.

شبکه واژگان

dodanonaaoàpelopela

چالش

Write 5 sentences describing where you are and what you own using contractions.

نکات فرهنگی

In informal speech, 'em' often becomes 'no/na' even when not strictly required.

Contractions are strictly observed in all registers.

Similar to Portugal, formal usage is standard.

These contractions evolved from Latin prepositions and demonstratives.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

Onde você mora?

De quem é este livro?

Você vai ao cinema hoje?

O que você acha da política?

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your house using contractions.
Where do you go on weekends?
Who are the people in your family?
Reflect on your day using contractions.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح


Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Eu moro ___ Brasil.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: no
Em + o = no.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

O carro ___ João.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do
De + o = do.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vou a o cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ao cinema
A + o = ao.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu estou na escola
Standard word order.
Translate to Portuguese. ترجمه

In the house.

Answer starts with: Na ...

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Na casa
Em + a = na.
Match the contraction. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do
De + o = do.
Contract the words. Conjugation Drill

em + a

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: na
Em + a = na.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Onde você está? B: Estou ___ parque.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: no
Em + o = no.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Eu moro ___ Brasil.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: no
Em + o = no.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

O carro ___ João.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do
De + o = do.
Fix the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vou a o cinema.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ao cinema
A + o = ao.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

estou / na / escola / Eu

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Eu estou na escola
Standard word order.
Translate to Portuguese. ترجمه

In the house.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Na casa
Em + a = na.
Match the contraction. جفت کردن

de + o

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do
De + o = do.
Contract the words. Conjugation Drill

em + a

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: na
Em + a = na.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: Onde você está? B: Estou ___ parque.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: no
Em + o = no.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

No, they are mandatory in standard Portuguese.

It indicates the contraction of 'a' + 'a'.

Yes, 'do' becomes 'dos'.

Yes, it is 'por' + 'o'.

Yes, they are required.

The rules are the same, but speech is more informal.

You will sound unnatural.

Use them in daily sentences.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

Spanish partial

del/al

Portuguese contracts 'em' and 'por' as well.

French partial

du/au

Portuguese has a wider range of contractions.

German partial

im/am

Portuguese contractions are much more frequent.

Japanese none

none

No fusion exists in Japanese.

Arabic none

none

Portuguese uses distinct words.

Chinese none

none

No word fusion.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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