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A1 adverb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

nữa

مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها nữa در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح nữa in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'nữa' is one of the most useful words you can learn. It functions mainly as 'more' or 'anymore'. In its simplest form, you use it to ask for an additional item. For example, if you are at a market and want one more apple, you say 'một quả táo nữa'. The key rule to remember is that 'nữa' always comes after the noun and the number. Another vital use at this level is in negative sentences to mean 'anymore'. If you are full at dinner, you can say 'Tôi không ăn nữa' (I am not eating anymore). This combination of 'không' (not) and 'nữa' (anymore) is a fixed pattern. You will also use it to ask questions like 'Ai nữa?' (Who else?) or 'Cái gì nữa?' (What else?). Focus on these three basic functions: asking for more, saying 'no more', and asking 'who/what else'. Don't worry about complex tones yet, but try to make the 'ngã' tone sound like a tiny upwards jump in your voice.
At the A2 level, you should start using 'nữa' for time and frequency. You will learn that 'nữa' can indicate a future time from the present moment. For example, 'ba ngày nữa' means 'in three days' or 'three days from now'. This is essential for making plans and scheduling. You will also encounter 'nữa' in commands and suggestions. 'Nói nữa đi' means 'keep talking' or 'say more'. At this level, you should also distinguish between 'nữa' and 'lại'. While 'lại' means 'again' (repetition), 'nữa' often implies 'continuation' or 'addition'. You might also start using 'một lần nữa' (one more time) which is a common phrase in polite requests or when you didn't hear something clearly. You should be comfortable using 'nữa' in longer sentences, such as 'Tôi không muốn đi chơi nữa vì tôi mệt' (I don't want to go out anymore because I am tired).
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By B1, you will use 'nữa' in more complex grammatical structures and idiomatic expressions. One important phrase is 'hơn nữa', which means 'moreover' or 'furthermore'. This is a transition word used to connect ideas in writing or formal speech. You will also notice 'nữa' used for emphasis in rhetorical questions or exclamations. For example, 'Gì nữa đây?' (Now what? / What else is there?). This shows a level of nuance where 'nữa' conveys the speaker's attitude or emotion, not just a quantity. You should also understand the difference between 'thêm' and 'nữa' in nuanced contexts, such as 'thêm' being the act of adding and 'nữa' being the additive state. You might encounter 'nữa là', a structure used to emphasize a further point or a consequence. Your ability to use 'nữa' to link time, quantity, and logical flow should be developing.
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At the B2 level, 'nữa' appears in sophisticated literary and formal contexts. You will see it used in conditional sentences to express 'even more' or 'further'. For example, 'Nếu bạn cố gắng hơn nữa...' (If you try even more...). Here, 'hơn nữa' modifies the verb to show a higher degree of effort. You will also understand its use in negative constructions that are more subtle than the basic 'không... nữa'. For instance, 'Chẳng còn gì để bàn cãi nữa' (There is nothing left to argue about anymore). At this stage, you should be able to identify how 'nữa' changes the rhythm and emphasis of a sentence. It can act as a poetic filler or a way to soften a command. You will also understand the historical or regional variations in how 'nữa' is used across Vietnam, noting that its core meaning remains stable but its frequency in certain idioms may vary.
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At the C1 level, you are expected to master the subtle pragmatic functions of 'nữa'. It is often used to express subtle shades of annoyance, surprise, or even sarcasm. For instance, 'Lại là anh nữa à?' (It's you again, huh?). The placement of 'nữa' here, combined with 'lại' and the final particle 'à', creates a specific tone of weary recognition. You will also use 'nữa' in high-level academic writing to build complex arguments, using 'hơn nữa' and 'vả lại' to layer points. You should be able to explain the linguistic function of 'nữa' as a post-posed additive particle and how it interacts with the focus of the sentence. Your usage should be indistinguishable from a native speaker, especially in how you use 'nữa' to manage the flow of information in a conversation, signaling when you have more to say or when a topic is exhausted.
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At the C2 level, 'nữa' is used with total precision in all registers, from classical literature to modern slang. You will appreciate how 'nữa' functions in fixed classical idioms and proverbs. You can use it to create specific stylistic effects in creative writing, perhaps by repeating it for rhythmic emphasis or placing it unexpectedly for shock value. You understand the deepest etymological roots of the word and how it relates to other Austroasiatic additive particles. Your mastery includes the ability to use 'nữa' in legal or technical documents where its meaning as 'additional' or 'further' must be legally unambiguous. You can also dissect the phonological properties of the 'ngã' tone in 'nữa' and how it contributes to the overall prosody of the Vietnamese language. At this level, 'nữa' is no longer a vocabulary item but a tool for precise linguistic expression.
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مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

nữa در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Used for addition: 'one more' (một cái nữa). Always placed after the noun or number.
  • Used for cessation: 'not anymore' (không... nữa). Essential for stopping an action.
  • Used for time: 'in two days' (hai ngày nữa). Indicates future duration from now.
  • Used in questions: 'who else' (ai nữa). Adds 'else' to question words like who, what, where.

The Vietnamese word nữa is a versatile adverb and particle that primarily conveys the idea of addition, continuation, or cessation. For English speakers, it most closely translates to "more," "else," or "anymore," depending on the grammatical context of the sentence. Understanding nữa is essential for A1 learners because it appears in almost every daily conversation, from ordering food to expressing feelings.

Addition (More)
When you want an additional quantity of something, nữa is placed after the noun and number. For example, 'một cái nữa' means 'one more'. It indicates that the action or object is being repeated or added to an existing state.

Cho tôi một ly cà phê nữa.

Give me one more cup of coffee.
Cessation (Anymore)
In negative sentences, nữa changes its meaning to 'anymore' or 'no longer'. It is almost always paired with 'không' (not) or 'đừng' (don't). For instance, 'không ăn nữa' means 'not eating anymore'.

Beyond these basic uses, nữa acts as a rhetorical intensifier. It can express surprise, annoyance, or emphasis. If someone is complaining, they might say "Lại nữa!" which means "Again?!" or "Not this again!". It also functions as "else" in questions. "Ai nữa?" means "Who else?" and "Cái gì nữa?" means "What else?". This word is the glue of Vietnamese additive logic, allowing speakers to build upon what has already been established in the discourse. Whether you are at a bustling market in Hanoi or a quiet cafe in Saigon, you will hear this word used to signal that the current state of affairs is not yet finished or that a limit has been reached.

Bạn muốn mua gì nữa không?

Do you want to buy anything else?
Future Time Reference
When used with time expressions, it indicates a duration starting from now. 'Hai ngày nữa' means 'two days from now' or 'in two more days'.

The placement of nữa is the most critical aspect for learners to master. Unlike English, where 'more' or 'anymore' can move around, nữa is almost always a 'sentence-final' or 'phrase-final' particle. This means it comes after the verb or the object it is modifying.

Pattern 1: [Verb] + [Object] + nữa
This is used to ask for more of an action. Example: 'Hát nữa đi!' (Keep singing! / Sing more!).

Đừng nói nữa, tôi mệt rồi.

Don't talk anymore, I'm tired.

When dealing with quantities, the structure is [Number] + [Classifier/Noun] + nữa. If you are at a restaurant and want another beer, you would say 'Cho tôi một chai nữa' (Give me one more bottle). Note how 'nữa' follows the noun. If you want 'more sugar', you would say 'thêm đường' (add sugar) or 'đường nữa' depending on if you are emphasizing the act of adding or the additional amount.

Pattern 2: [Question Word] + nữa
This transforms 'who', 'what', or 'where' into 'who else', 'what else', or 'where else'. Example: 'Ai nữa?' (Who else?).

For future time intervals, the structure is [Time Period] + nữa. 'Mười phút nữa' means 'in ten minutes'. This is distinct from 'mười phút trước' (ten minutes ago). If you want to say 'one more time', you use 'một lần nữa'. This phrase is extremely common in music, movies, and daily requests. It shows that 'nữa' is not just about physical things, but also about the repetition of events and time.

Hẹn gặp lại bạn một lần nữa.

Hope to meet you one more time.
Comparison with 'Thêm'
While 'thêm' also means 'more', 'thêm' is usually a verb (to add) and comes before the noun. 'Nữa' is an adverb/particle and comes after. 'Thêm cơm' (Add rice) vs 'Ăn cơm nữa' (Eat more rice).

In the real world, nữa is everywhere. It is the sound of Vietnamese life continuing or stopping. If you walk through a local market, you will hear vendors asking customers, "Mua gì nữa không em?" (Want to buy anything else, younger sibling?). Here, nữa is used to encourage further sales, acting as a polite prompt for the customer to check their list one last time.

In Dining and Hospitality
Waiters will often ask, "Anh dùng gì nữa không?" (Would you like anything else?). When you've had enough, you respond with "Dạ thôi, không dùng nữa" (No thanks, I'm not having any more).

Lại nữa rồi! Sao trễ thế?

Again! Why so late?

In social settings, nữa is used to express exasperation. If a friend keeps making the same mistake, a Vietnamese person might sigh and say, "Lại nữa!" (Again!). This is a very common idiomatic use that mimics the English "Here we go again." It captures the feeling of a repetitive, often negative, cycle. Conversely, in a romantic or friendly context, "Đừng đi nữa" (Don't go yet/anymore) can sound pleading and sweet.

On public transport or in taxis, you might hear "Chút nữa thôi" (Just a bit more/longer). This is what the driver says when you ask if you're close to the destination. It indicates a small remaining distance or time. In Vietnamese pop songs (V-Pop), nữa is a staple word in lyrics about heartbreak: "Đừng bỏ em lại một mình nữa" (Don't leave me alone anymore). It emphasizes the finality or the desire to stop a painful state.

At Work
Colleagues might ask, "Còn việc gì nữa không?" (Is there any work left/else?). It helps in confirming that a task list is truly complete.

The most frequent mistake for English speakers is word order. Because English says "more water" or "more time," learners instinctively want to say "nữa nước" or "nữa thời gian." This is incorrect in Vietnamese. Nữa must follow the noun or the amount.

Mistake 1: Incorrect Position
Saying 'nữa một cái' instead of 'một cái nữa'. Remember: Number + Noun + Nữa.

Sai: Tôi muốn nữa bia. Đúng: Tôi muốn bia nữa.

Wrong: I want more beer (positional error). Right: I want more beer.

Another common confusion is between nữa and thêm. While both can mean 'more', thêm is a verb meaning 'to add'. If you want someone to physically add more of something to your bowl, use thêm. If you are just stating you want an additional portion, use nữa. For example, 'Cho tôi thêm ớt' (Give me more chili/Add chili) vs 'Ăn một quả ớt nữa' (Eat one more chili).

In negative sentences, learners often forget that nữa is required to mean 'anymore'. Saying 'Tôi không ăn' just means 'I don't eat' or 'I am not eating'. To say 'I don't eat [this] anymore,' you must add nữa at the end: 'Tôi không ăn nữa'. Without it, the sense of cessation is lost. Lastly, the tone is tricky. If you pronounce 'nữa' with a flat tone (nưa), it has no meaning. If you use a heavy falling tone (nựa), it's also wrong. The 'ngã' tone is vital for being understood.

Mistake 2: Using in the Past
'Nữa' is generally for the future or the present continuation. Don't use it to mean 'more' in a past descriptive sense like 'I had more time yesterday'. Use 'nhiều hơn' (more than) or 'thêm' instead.

Vietnamese has several words that overlap with the meanings of nữa. Knowing when to choose which one will make your Vietnamese sound much more natural and precise.

Thêm vs. Nữa
'Thêm' is a verb meaning 'to add'. Use it when the focus is on the action of increasing. 'Nữa' is a particle focusing on the result or the continuation. 'Thêm đường' (Add sugar) vs. 'Lấy đường nữa' (Get more sugar).

Tôi muốn học thêm tiếng Việt.

I want to learn more (additional) Vietnamese.

Another alternative is Lại. While nữa means 'more' or 'anymore', lại specifically means 'again' and usually precedes the verb. 'Lại nói' (Speak again) vs. 'Nói nữa' (Keep speaking / Speak more). If you say 'Nói lại', it often means 'Say it back' or 'Repeat it'. 'Nữa' suggests adding to the duration or quantity, while 'lại' suggests a new instance of the same action.

In formal contexts, vẫn còn (still) can sometimes replace the idea of 'more' if you are talking about remaining items. 'Còn hai cái' (Still two left) vs. 'Hai cái nữa' (Two more). Lastly, tiếp means 'continue'. You might hear 'Làm tiếp đi' (Keep doing it) as a synonym for 'Làm nữa đi'. However, tiếp is more formal and specific to the act of continuing a process, whereas nữa is much more versatile and informal.

Khác vs. Nữa
'Khác' means 'other/different'. 'Người khác' is 'someone else' (a different person). 'Người nữa' is 'one more person' (an additional person). Use 'nữa' for addition of the same kind.

نکته جالب

The word 'nữa' is often confused by beginners with 'nửa' (half). The only difference is the tone: 'nữa' (ngã tone) vs 'nửa' (hỏi tone). One means 'more', the other means 'half'!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /nɨə˧ˀ˥/
US /nɨə˧˩˧/
As a particle, it is usually unstressed unless used for emphasis at the end of a sentence.
هم‌قافیه با
cửa sửa lửa dứa hứa mưa (near rhyme) chưa (near rhyme) thưa (near rhyme)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing it as 'nưa' (flat tone), which makes it unrecognizable.
  • Pronouncing it as 'nựa' (heavy tone), which sounds like 'half' (nửa).
  • Rounding the lips for 'ư', making it sound like 'nua'.
  • Dropping the 'a' ending, making it sound like 'nữ' (female).
  • Confusing the 'ngã' tone with the 'sắc' (rising) tone.
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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Cho tôi một cái nữa.

Give me one more (item).

Number + Classifier + Nữa

2

Tôi không ăn nữa.

I am not eating anymore.

Không + Verb + Nữa (Negative)

3

Ai nữa?

Who else?

Question word + Nữa

4

Cái gì nữa?

What else?

Question word + Nữa

5

Học nữa đi!

Keep studying! / Study more!

Verb + Nữa

6

Năm phút nữa.

Five more minutes / In five minutes.

Time + Nữa

7

Đừng khóc nữa.

Don't cry anymore.

Đừng + Verb + Nữa

8

Một lần nữa.

One more time.

Fixed phrase for repetition.

1

Hai ngày nữa tôi sẽ đi Hà Nội.

In two days, I will go to Hanoi.

Future time reference.

2

Bạn có muốn mua gì nữa không?

Do you want to buy anything else?

Question structure with 'nữa'.

3

Tôi không còn tiền nữa.

I don't have any money left/anymore.

Không còn... nữa (No longer have).

4

Lại nữa rồi!

Again! / Not again!

Idiomatic expression of annoyance.

5

Hát một bài nữa đi.

Sing one more song.

Verb + Noun + Nữa

6

Đừng nói chuyện nữa.

Stop talking / Don't talk anymore.

Prohibitive 'đừng' with 'nữa'.

7

Còn ai nữa không?

Is there anyone else?

Asking for additional people.

8

Đợi một chút nữa.

Wait a little longer.

Duration + Nữa.

1

Hơn nữa, chúng ta cần tiết kiệm nước.

Moreover, we need to save water.

Conjunction meaning 'moreover'.

2

Tôi không bao giờ quay lại đó nữa.

I will never go back there again.

Không bao giờ... nữa (Never again).

3

Chẳng còn gì để nói nữa.

There is nothing left to say.

Chẳng còn... nữa (Nothing left).

4

Bạn cần phải cố gắng nhiều hơn nữa.

You need to try much more.

Comparative 'hơn' + 'nữa' for emphasis.

5

Làm sao tôi có thể tin anh nữa?

How can I trust you anymore?

Rhetorical question with 'nữa'.

6

Không chỉ đẹp mà còn thông minh nữa.

Not only beautiful but also intelligent.

Correlative conjunction 'không chỉ... mà còn... nữa'.

7

Đừng bao giờ làm thế nữa nhé.

Don't ever do that again, okay?

Adding 'nhé' for a soft command.

8

Chút nữa thì tôi quên mất.

I almost forgot.

Idiom 'chút nữa thì' (almost).

1

Vấn đề này còn phức tạp hơn nữa.

This issue is even more complex.

Modifying an adjective for higher degree.

2

Tôi không thể chịu đựng thêm một giây nào nữa.

I can't stand it for one more second.

Extreme emphasis in negation.

3

Hơn nữa, chính sách này còn nhiều bất cập.

Furthermore, this policy still has many shortcomings.

Formal transition.

4

Càng nghĩ, tôi càng thấy lo lắng nữa.

The more I think, the more worried I get.

Càng... càng... nữa (The more... the more...).

5

Không đời nào tôi làm việc đó nữa.

No way I am doing that again.

Strong refusal with 'nữa'.

6

Biết nói gì nữa bây giờ?

What is there left to say now?

Existential rhetorical question.

7

Anh ta không những giàu mà còn keo kiệt nữa.

He is not only rich but also stingy.

Negative addition 'không những... mà còn... nữa'.

8

Thêm một lần nữa, chúng ta lại thất bại.

Once again, we failed.

Emphatic repetition.

1

Sự việc này lại càng làm cho tình hình thêm tồi tệ nữa.

This incident made the situation even worse.

Complex additive structure.

2

Hơn bao giờ hết, chúng ta cần sự đoàn kết nữa.

More than ever, we also need solidarity.

Formal emphatic 'nữa'.

3

Chẳng lẽ anh lại muốn lừa dối tôi một lần nữa sao?

Could it be that you want to deceive me once more?

Rhetorical 'chẳng lẽ' with 'nữa'.

4

Tôi không muốn nghe bất cứ lời giải thích nào nữa.

I don't want to hear any more explanations.

Absolute negation.

5

Vả lại, thời gian không còn nhiều nữa.

Besides, there isn't much time left.

Transition 'vả lại' with 'nữa'.

6

Đã trễ rồi mà anh còn đòi đi đâu nữa?

It's already late, where else do you want to go?

Contrastive 'mà... còn... nữa'.

7

Thật không còn gì có thể tệ hơn được nữa.

Truly, nothing could be worse than this anymore.

Superlative negation.

8

Cứ thế này thì làm sao mà sống nổi nữa?

Like this, how can one even survive anymore?

Colloquial rhetorical despair.

1

Hơn nữa, tính nhân văn của tác phẩm còn được thể hiện qua...

Furthermore, the humanistic nature of the work is also expressed through...

Academic literary analysis.

2

Mọi nỗ lực dường như chỉ làm dày thêm nỗi đau ấy nữa mà thôi.

All efforts seemed only to deepen that pain even further.

Poetic additive usage.

3

Chẳng qua cũng chỉ là một sự ngụy biện không hơn không kém nữa.

It is nothing more than a mere sophistry, no more and no less.

Philosophical negation.

4

Biết đâu trong tương lai, chúng ta lại có dịp hội ngộ nữa.

Who knows, in the future, we might have the chance to meet again.

Speculative future addition.

5

Hành động đó không những thiếu tôn trọng mà còn vi phạm pháp luật nữa.

That action is not only disrespectful but also a violation of the law.

Legalistic additive structure.

6

Cái chết của ông ấy lại càng tô đậm thêm tấn bi kịch này nữa.

His death further highlighted this tragedy.

Literary intensification.

7

Không một ai có thể ngăn cản bước tiến của lịch sử nữa.

No one can stop the advance of history anymore.

Historical determinism in speech.

8

Và rồi, nỗi nhớ ấy cứ thế mà lớn dần lên mãi không thôi nữa.

And then, that nostalgia just kept growing forever without stopping.

Emotional continuation.

ترکیب‌های رایج

một cái nữa
không... nữa
lại nữa
hơn nữa
ai nữa
cái gì nữa
một lần nữa
chút nữa
đừng... nữa
bao nhiêu nữa

عبارات رایج

Còn gì nữa không?

— Is there anything else? Used after ordering or finishing a list.

Tôi xong rồi. Còn gì nữa không?

Không bao giờ nữa.

— Never again. Used for strong vows or refusals.

Tôi sẽ không bao giờ làm thế nữa.

Đợi một lát nữa.

— Wait a moment longer. Used when asking for patience.

Anh đợi một lát nữa nhé.

Gì nữa đây?

— Now what? Used when something else goes wrong.

Trời ơi, gì nữa đây?

Ai nữa đây?

— Who else is this? Often used when someone unexpected arrives.

Lại ai nữa đây?

Thêm nữa là...

— In addition... Used to provide more information.

Thêm nữa là tôi không có xe.

Nữa đi!

— Keep going! / More! Used to encourage an action.

Hát nữa đi, hay quá!

Không còn nữa.

— No longer exists / Gone. Used for items or people.

Ông ấy không còn nữa.

Chút nữa thì...

— Almost... Used for near misses.

Chút nữa thì tôi ngã.

Hẹn gặp lại một lần nữa.

— Hope to see you once more. A polite farewell.

Chào bạn, hẹn gặp lại một lần nữa.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Lại nữa rồi"

— Here we go again. Used for repetitive annoying situations.

Lại nữa rồi, xe lại hỏng.

informal
"Không hơn không kém"

— No more, no less. Exactly.

Nó giá 10 ngàn, không hơn không kém.

neutral
"Được voi đòi tiên"

— Give them an inch and they'll take a mile. (Lit: Get an elephant, ask for a fairy). Implicitly asks for 'more' greedily.

Đã cho mượn tiền còn đòi mượn xe, đúng là được voi đòi tiên.

informal
"Hơn nữa là đằng khác"

— Even more so / On the contrary (in an added sense).

Nó không chỉ giỏi mà còn rất khiêm tốn nữa là đằng khác.

neutral
"Không còn gì để nói"

— Speechless / Nothing left to say.

Tôi không còn gì để nói với anh nữa.

neutral
"Chẳng còn gì nữa"

— Everything is gone.

Sau cơn bão, chẳng còn gì nữa.

neutral
"Nữa hay thôi?"

— More or stop? A common choice offered.

Ăn nữa hay thôi?

informal
"Một đi không trở lại nữa"

— Gone forever. (Lit: One go and not return anymore).

Tuổi trẻ một đi không trở lại nữa.

literary
"Càng... càng... nữa"

— The more... the more... even more.

Càng học càng thấy khó nữa.

neutral
"Không thể... hơn được nữa"

— Cannot be... any more. (Superlative).

Không thể tốt hơn được nữa.

neutral

خانواده کلمه

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روش یادسپاری

Think of 'nữa' as 'new-ah'. You want something 'new' or 'additional'. The 'ngã' tone is like a 'tilde' (~)—it's wavy, just like adding more waves to the sea.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a waiter holding a tray with one empty cup and one full cup. He is bringing 'one more' (một cái nữa). Or imagine a 'Stop' sign with the word 'Không... Nữa'.

شبکه واژگان

Thêm (Add) Lại (Again) Any

ریشه کلمه

Pure Vietnamese (Nom) origin. It has roots in the Austroasiatic language family, sharing cognates with other languages in the region that use post-posed particles for addition.

معنای اصلی: To add, to continue, or an additional part.

Austroasiatic > Mon-Khmer > Vietic > Vietnamese.
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