充斥 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 充斥 (chōngchì) means to be filled with, usually something negative or excessive.
- Think of it as being flooded or overwhelmed, like with pollution or fake news.
- It carries a strong negative connotation, unlike the neutral 充满 (chōngmǎn).
- Commonly used for environments, media, and abstract issues.
- Core Meaning
- The Chinese verb 充斥 (chōngchì) fundamentally means 'to be filled with' or 'to be flooded with'. It's most commonly used to describe a situation where something, especially something undesirable, negative, or excessive, has become overwhelmingly present.
- Nuance and Connotation
- Unlike a neutral 'to be full of', 充斥 carries a strong negative connotation. It implies that the presence of the thing is excessive, intrusive, and often unwelcome. Think of it as being swamped or inundated. It's rarely used for positive things like 'the room was filled with the scent of flowers' (that would be 充满 chōngmǎn). Instead, it's reserved for things like pollution, misinformation, commercialism, or overwhelming noise.
- Common Scenarios
- You'll frequently hear or read 充斥 when discussing societal problems, environmental issues, or even personal feelings of being overwhelmed. For instance, a city might be described as being 充斥着 smog (chōngchìzhe smog), or an online space might be 充斥着虚假信息 (chōngchìzhe xūjiǎ xìnxī). It can also describe a feeling: his mind was 充斥着焦虑 (chōngchìzhe jiāolǜ) - his mind was filled with anxiety.
- Beyond the Literal
- While it often refers to physical presence, 充斥 can also describe abstract concepts. For example, a market might be 充斥着低质量的产品 (chōngchìzhe dī zhìliàng de chǎnpǐn) - flooded with low-quality products. This highlights how the word captures a sense of saturation and a lack of quality or genuine value due to the sheer volume of something negative.
现在的网络空间 充斥 着各种虚假信息和不实广告。
空气中 充斥 着刺鼻的化学气味。
他的脑海里 充斥 着对未来的担忧。
- Usage Context
- This word is common in news reports, social commentary, and discussions about urban life, environmental problems, and the media landscape. It's a word that conveys a sense of imbalance and negative saturation.
- Basic Structure
- The most common structure is [Subject] + 充斥 + 着 (zhe) + [Object/Thing that is filling]. The subject is usually the place, environment, or mind that is being filled, and the object is what is filling it. For example, 城市 (chéngshì - city) 充斥着 (chōngchìzhe) 噪音 (zàoyīn - noise).
- Examples with Different Subjects
- - **Environment/Place:** 街道上 充斥 着垃圾 (jiēdào shàng chōngchìzhe lājī - The streets are filled with garbage). 市场 充斥 着劣质商品 (shìchǎng chōngchìzhe lièzhì shāngpǐn - The market is flooded with shoddy goods). - **Media/Information:** 社交媒体 充斥 着谣言 (shèjiāo méitǐ chōngchìzhe yáoyán - Social media is filled with rumors). - **Abstract Concepts/Feelings:** 他的生活 充斥 着无聊 (tā de shēnghuó chōngchìzhe wúliáo - His life is filled with boredom). 整个房间 充斥 着尴尬的气氛 (zhěnggè fángjiān chōngchìzhe gāngà de qìfēn - The entire room was filled with an awkward atmosphere).
- Using 充斥 Without 着 (zhe)
- While less common for describing a current state, 充斥 can sometimes be used without 着 to indicate a more general or historical situation, or when the 'filling' is a more active process. However, for the B2 level and typical usage, 充斥着 is the prevalent form.
- Emphasis on Negativity
- Always remember the negative connotation. You wouldn't say a park 充斥着鲜花 (chōngchìzhe xiānhuā - flowers) unless you meant there were an overwhelming, perhaps even suffocating, amount of them. For positive or neutral 'fullness', use 充满 (chōngmǎn).
- Sentence Examples
这个小镇的空气 充斥 着工业废气，对居民健康造成了严重威胁。
Translation: The air in this small town is filled with industrial exhaust fumes, posing a serious threat to residents' health. 在信息爆炸的时代，辨别真伪信息变得越来越困难，因为网络 充斥 着各种声音。
Translation: In the age of information explosion, distinguishing true from false information is becoming increasingly difficult because the internet is filled with all sorts of voices. 这家廉价商店里 充斥 着大量质量堪忧的商品。
Translation: This discount store is flooded with a large quantity of products with questionable quality.
- News and Current Affairs
- 充斥 is a staple in news reporting, particularly when discussing negative societal trends or environmental issues. You'll hear it used to describe how cities are filled with pollution, how certain online platforms are flooded with fake news, or how a particular industry is overwhelmed by low-quality products. For example, a report on urban development might say, 'The city center is now 充斥着商业广告' (chōngchìzhe shāngyè guǎnggào - filled with commercial advertisements), implying a loss of its original character due to excessive commercialization.
- Social Commentary and Critiques
- Social critics and commentators frequently use 充斥 to highlight societal problems. It's used to express dissatisfaction with the current state of affairs. For instance, someone might lament, '现在的娱乐节目 充斥 着低俗内容' (xiànzài de yúlè jiémù chōngchìzhe dīsú nèiróng - Current entertainment programs are filled with vulgar content), criticizing the lack of quality and ethical standards.
- Discussions about the Internet and Media
- The digital world is a prime candidate for being described with 充斥. When discussing the overwhelming amount of information, misinformation, or even advertising online, this word is very apt. A common phrase you might encounter is, '网络 充斥 着各种营销号' (wǎngluò chōngchìzhe gèzhǒng yíngxiāo hào - The internet is flooded with various marketing accounts), referring to accounts that primarily push advertisements or promotional content.
- Environmental and Health Discussions
- When discussing pollution, contamination, or unhealthy environments, 充斥 is a natural fit. For example, '被污染的河流 充斥 着化学物质' (bèi wūrǎn de héliú chōngchìzhe huàxué wùzhì - The polluted river is filled with chemical substances). This emphasizes the severity and pervasiveness of the contamination.
- Personal Anecdotes and Feelings
- While more formal, 充斥 can also be used in personal narratives to express feeling overwhelmed. For instance, someone might say, '我的思绪 充斥 着对考试的焦虑' (wǒ de sīxù chōngchìzhe duì kǎoshì de jiāolǜ - My thoughts are filled with anxiety about the exam). This usage conveys a sense of being consumed by a particular emotion or thought.
在一次关于城市发展的讲座中，专家们讨论了市中心 充斥 着商业广告的问题。
许多人抱怨现在的流行音乐 充斥 着单调的旋律和空洞的歌词。
- Using it for Positive Things
- The most frequent mistake is using 充斥 (chōngchì) to describe something positive or neutral. For example, saying '公园里 充斥 着鲜花' (gōngyuán lǐ chōngchìzhe xiānhuā - The park is filled with flowers) sounds strange and negative, as if the flowers are overwhelming or suffocating. For positive or neutral 'fullness', the correct word is 充满 (chōngmǎn). The sentence should be '公园里充满了鲜花' (gōngyuán lǐ chōngmǎnle xiānhuā - The park is full of flowers).
- Confusing with 充满 (chōngmǎn)
- This is closely related to the first point. 充满 means 'to be full of' in a general, often positive or neutral sense. 充斥 implies an excessive, negative, or undesirable filling. For instance, '他的房间 充斥 着玩具' (tā de fángjiān chōngchìzhe wánjù - His room is filled with toys) suggests an overwhelming, perhaps messy, abundance of toys. Whereas, '他的房间充满了书籍' (tā de fángjiān chōngmǎnle shūjí - His room is full of books) simply states the fact without negative judgment.
- Omitting 着 (zhe) Incorrectly
- While 充斥 can sometimes be used without 着, especially in more literary or historical contexts, the most common and natural usage for describing a current state of being filled is with 着. Omitting it can sound incomplete or grammatically awkward in everyday speech or writing. For example, '空气 充斥 烟雾' (kōngqì chōngchì yānwù - The air is filled with smoke) is less common than '空气 充斥 着烟雾' (kōngqì chōngchìzhe yānwù).
- Using it for Mild Annoyances
- 充斥 implies a significant level of saturation. Using it for minor annoyances might be an overstatement. For example, if there's just a little bit of noise, you wouldn't say the area is 充斥着噪音. You might use a milder term or a different phrasing. It's best reserved for situations where something is truly overwhelming.
- Incorrect Subject-Object Agreement
- Ensure the subject is what is being filled and the object is what is filling it. A common error might be reversing this. For instance, saying '噪音 充斥 着城市' (zàoyīn chōngchìzhe chéngshì - Noise fills the city) is grammatically incorrect. The correct structure is '城市 充斥 着噪音' (chéngshì chōngchìzhe zàoyīn - The city is filled with noise).
错误：这个花园 充斥 着美丽的鲜花。
错误：他写了一篇 充斥 着感叹词的文章。
- 充满 (chōngmǎn)
- Meaning: To be full of, filled with (neutral or positive). Difference: This is the most common alternative but lacks the negative connotation of 充斥. Use 充满 for general fullness, positive attributes, or neutral states. For example, '房间里充满了阳光' (fángjiān lǐ chōngmǎnle yángguāng - The room is full of sunlight) is positive. '他的心中充满了希望' (tā de xīnzhōng chōngmǎnle xīwàng - His heart is full of hope) is positive. Example: 办公室里充满了咖啡的香气 (bàngōngshì lǐ chōngmǎnle kāfēi de xiāngqì - The office was filled with the aroma of coffee).
- 充塞 (chōngsè)
- Meaning: To fill up, stuff, cram (often implying overcrowding or blocking). Difference: Similar to 充斥 in its negative implication, but 充塞 often focuses more on the physical act of filling something to the point of being crammed or blocked, sometimes obstructing movement or passage. It can also describe stuffing things into a space. Example: 仓库被货物 充塞 得满满当当 (cāngkù bèi huòwù chōngsè de mǎnmǎndāngdāng - The warehouse was crammed full of goods).
- 充溢 (chōngyì)
- Meaning: To overflow, be filled with (often used for emotions or liquids, can be neutral or slightly positive). Difference: 充溢 suggests overflowing, either literally (like a liquid) or figuratively (like emotions). It's less about a pervasive negative saturation and more about an abundance that exceeds a limit. It can be used for positive emotions like joy or excitement. Example: 喜悦 充溢 着他的心房 (xǐyuè chōngyìzhe tā de xīnfáng - Joy overflowed his heart).
- 遍布 (biànbù)
- Meaning: To spread all over, be found all over. Difference: 遍布 focuses on distribution and coverage, meaning something is present in many places or covers a wide area. It doesn't inherently carry a negative connotation like 充斥. It simply states that something is widespread. Example: 这种病毒 遍布 全球 (zhè zhǒng bìngdú biànbù quánqiú - This virus has spread all over the globe).
- 弥漫 (mímàn)
- Meaning: To pervade, spread, fill the air (often used for smells, smoke, or atmosphere). Difference: 弥漫 is most commonly used for things that spread through the air, like smells, smoke, fog, or even abstract atmospheres like tension or fear. It suggests a gradual spreading and filling of an area. While it can describe unpleasant things, it's not as strong a judgment of excessive negative presence as 充斥. Example: 整个地区 弥漫 着一股奇怪的味道 (zhěnggè dìqū mímànzhe yī gǔ qíguài de wèidào - The entire area was pervaded by a strange smell).
比较：空气中 充斥 着烟雾（负面，过量）；空气中 弥漫 着烟雾（中性或负面，指烟雾扩散）；空气中 充满 了阳光（正面，表示充足）。
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
While 充 means 'to fill', and 斥 can mean 'to expel', their combination 充斥 doesn't mean 'to fill and expel'. Instead, the meaning evolved to describe a situation where something fills up a space so much that it becomes overwhelming, often with negative implications. The character 斥 itself can also mean 'numerous' or 'abundant', reinforcing the idea of quantity.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'ch' as a simple 'ts' or 'sh' sound.
- Incorrect tone marking, especially the falling tone on the second syllable.
- Not aspirating the 'ch' sounds sufficiently.
- Treating it as a two-syllable word with equal, flat tones.
سطح دشواری
Recognizing 充斥 in written texts requires understanding its negative connotation and context. It's frequently found in news articles, essays, and critical reviews, especially concerning societal or environmental issues. Learners should pay attention to the surrounding vocabulary to confirm the negative meaning.
Using 充斥 correctly in writing involves choosing appropriate subjects and objects that convey a sense of overwhelming negativity or excess. Overusing it or applying it to neutral situations are common pitfalls. It's best used when a strong negative impact needs to be conveyed.
Speaking fluency with 充斥 depends on confidence in its negative connotation. Learners might hesitate to use it for fear of misapplication. Practicing with common phrases like '充斥着噪音' or '充斥着虚假信息' can build confidence.
Understanding 充斥 in spoken Chinese requires listening for the negative context. Native speakers often use it in discussions about problems, making it identifiable through the overall tone and topic of conversation. Pay attention to the subject and object paired with it.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
我的书包满了。
My schoolbag is full.
桌子上有水。
There is water on the table.
这个盒子是空的。
This box is empty.
我的杯子满了。
My cup is full.
他的口袋里有钱。
He has money in his pocket.
房间里有很多人。
There are many people in the room.
我的肚子很饱。
I am very full (stomach).
书架上有很多书。
There are many books on the bookshelf.
教室里坐满了学生。
The classroom is full of students.
'坐满了' implies 'filled up by sitting'.
这个袋子里装满了衣服。
This bag is filled with clothes.
'装满了' means 'filled with' (items placed inside).
夏天，公园里充满了欢笑声。
In summer, the park is filled with laughter.
'充满了' is used for a positive atmosphere.
他的房间里堆满了玩具。
His room is piled with toys.
'堆满了' suggests a large, possibly messy, accumulation.
互联网上有很多信息。
There is a lot of information on the internet.
这个罐子里面装满了糖果。
This jar is filled with candy.
'装满了' emphasizes the contents.
他的脑子里想满了问题。
His mind is full of questions.
'想满了' implies being preoccupied with many thoughts.
城市里到处是高楼。
Tall buildings are everywhere in the city.
'到处是' means 'everywhere is'.
这个城市被垃圾 充斥 着。
This city is filled with/overrun by garbage.
Here, '充斥着' starts to imply an excessive, negative amount.
他的演讲 充斥 着陈词滥调。
His speech was filled with clichés.
'充斥着' suggests the clichés are excessive and detract from the speech.
空气中 充斥 着一股奇怪的味道。
The air was filled with a strange smell.
'充斥着' indicates the smell is strong and unpleasant.
社交媒体上 充斥 着广告。
Social media is flooded with advertisements.
'充斥着' highlights the overwhelming and potentially annoying nature of the ads.
他的生活 充斥 着无聊。
His life is filled with boredom.
'充斥着' conveys a sense of being overwhelmed by monotony.
这个市场 充斥 着劣质产品。
This market is flooded with low-quality products.
'充斥着' implies a lack of quality due to the sheer volume.
过去的记忆 充斥 着他的脑海。
Past memories filled his mind.
'充斥着' suggests the memories are pervasive and perhaps intrusive.
这个地区 充斥 着噪音。
This area is filled with noise.
'充斥着' emphasizes the disruptive and excessive nature of the noise.
如今的互联网 充斥 着虚假信息和网络谣言。
Today's internet is flooded with false information and online rumors.
'充斥着' is used to describe the pervasive and negative nature of online misinformation.
过度商业化导致城市 充斥 着广告牌。
Over-commercialization has led to the city being filled with billboards.
This highlights an undesirable outcome of commercialization.
他的文章 充斥 着主观臆断，缺乏事实依据。
His article is filled with subjective assumptions and lacks factual basis.
'充斥着' critiques the lack of objectivity and reliance on personal bias.
在信息爆炸的时代，辨别真伪变得困难，因为网络 充斥 着各种声音。
In the age of information explosion, distinguishing truth from falsehood becomes difficult because the internet is filled with all sorts of voices.
'充斥着' conveys the overwhelming and confusing nature of online discourse.
该地区的空气质量很差， 充斥 着工业污染物。
The air quality in the region is poor, filled with industrial pollutants.
'充斥着' emphasizes the harmful and pervasive nature of the pollutants.
许多人抱怨现在的娱乐节目 充斥 着低俗内容。
Many people complain that current entertainment programs are filled with vulgar content.
'充斥着' expresses dissatisfaction with the quality and content of entertainment.
他的内心 充斥 着对未来的焦虑。
His inner self is filled with anxiety about the future.
'充斥着' describes a state of being overwhelmed by a negative emotion.
这场商业活动 充斥 着浮夸的宣传。
This commercial event is filled with exaggerated propaganda.
'充斥着' points to the insincerity and excessive nature of the marketing.
某些媒体为了吸引眼球，其报道内容 充斥 着耸人听闻的标题和不实信息。
To attract attention, the reporting content of certain media outlets is filled with sensational headlines and false information.
This sentence uses 充斥 to critique media practices, highlighting the deliberate use of sensationalism and falsehoods.
在缺乏有效监管的情况下，该行业 充斥 着大量不合规的产品和服务。
In the absence of effective regulation, the industry is flooded with a large number of non-compliant products and services.
This implies a systemic issue where lack of oversight leads to an overwhelming presence of substandard offerings.
他对于艺术的理解 充斥 着个人情感的投射，而忽略了客观的艺术史发展。
His understanding of art is filled with projections of personal emotions, neglecting the objective development of art history.
This critiques a subjective and emotionally driven interpretation, suggesting it overshadows objective analysis.
这个充斥着拜金主义的社会，使得人们的价值观 充斥 着物质至上的观念。
In this society filled with materialism, people's values are saturated with the concept of material supremacy.
This sentence uses 充斥 twice to describe the pervasive nature of materialism and its effect on values.
当今的文学创作 充斥 着模仿和跟风，鲜有真正具有原创性的作品。
Contemporary literary creation is filled with imitation and following trends, with very few truly original works.
This criticizes a lack of originality in literature, suggesting a saturation of derivative works.
该区域的河流水质极差， 充斥 着工业废水和生活污水。
The river water quality in the region is extremely poor, filled with industrial wastewater and domestic sewage.
This is a stark description of severe environmental pollution.
他的决策 充斥 着短视和功利主义，未能顾及长远影响。
His decision-making is filled with short-sightedness and utilitarianism, failing to consider long-term impacts.
This criticizes a decision-making process dominated by immediate gains rather than sustainable outcomes.
网络上充斥着各种观点，但其中不乏 充斥 着偏见和歧视的内容。
The internet is filled with various opinions, but among them, there is no shortage of content filled with prejudice and discrimination.
This sentence uses 充斥 twice to highlight the dual problem of overwhelming opinions and the specific prevalence of biased ones.
在后现代语境下，许多文化产品 充斥 着解构主义的符号和对宏大叙事的消解。
In a postmodern context, many cultural products are filled with deconstructionist symbols and the dissolution of grand narratives.
This is a highly academic use, describing the characteristic features of postmodern culture.
某些极端主义思潮 充斥 着狭隘的民族主义和排外情绪，对社会稳定构成威胁。
Certain extremist ideologies are saturated with narrow nationalism and xenophobic sentiments, posing a threat to social stability.
This describes the core tenets of dangerous ideologies, emphasizing their pervasive and harmful nature.
他那本厚重的学术专著，虽然内容详实，但 充斥 着晦涩难懂的行话和复杂的理论构建。
His weighty academic monograph, although detailed, is filled with obscure jargon and complex theoretical constructs.
This critiques academic writing that is overly specialized and inaccessible to a broader audience.
经过多年的商业化运作，这座古老的城市 充斥 着千篇一律的连锁店和同质化的旅游景点。
After years of commercial operation, this ancient city is filled with monotonous chain stores and homogenized tourist attractions.
This describes the negative impact of unchecked commercialization on cultural identity and uniqueness.
他的小说 充斥 着对现实的尖锐批判，但其悲观主义的基调有时令人窒息。
His novel is filled with sharp critiques of reality, but its pessimistic tone is sometimes suffocating.
This acknowledges the critical intent but also points out the overwhelming negativity that can be detrimental.
在当今的数字时代，信息 充斥 着算法推荐的偏见，使得用户难以接触到多元化的观点。
In today's digital age, information is saturated with algorithmic recommendation biases, making it difficult for users to access diverse viewpoints.
This describes a specific problem in the digital age where algorithms create filter bubbles.
她那充斥着个人臆测的陈述， 充斥 着逻辑上的漏洞，使得其论点难以令人信服。
Her statement, filled with personal speculation, is riddled with logical loopholes, making her argument unconvincing.
This uses 充斥 twice to describe the flaws in an argument, first its speculative nature and then its logical deficiencies.
这个充斥着虚假繁荣景象的经济体， 充斥 着泡沫资产和不可持续的债务。
This economy, filled with a scene of false prosperity, is saturated with bubble assets and unsustainable debt.
This describes an economic situation characterized by deceptive appearances and underlying instability.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— To be filled with... (negative/excessive). This is the most common pattern.
现在的城市 充斥 着汽车尾气。
— To be filled with... (passive voice). This structure emphasizes the state of being overwhelmed.
这个区域 被 垃圾 充斥 着。
— Filled with all sorts of... (emphasizing variety of negative things).
网络 充斥 着各种谣言。
— Filled with negative emotions.
他的内心 充斥 着负面情绪。
— Filled with a commercial atmosphere (implying excessive commercialization).
这个古镇 充斥 着浓厚的商业气息。
— Filled with subjective assumptions (lacking objectivity).
他的分析 充斥 着主观臆断。
— Filled with non-compliant... (products, services, etc.).
市场上 充斥 着不合规的化妆品。
— Filled with violence/pornographic... (content).
一些游戏 充斥 着暴力场面。
— Filled with doubt/suspicion.
他的眼神 充斥 着怀疑。
— Filled with an excessive amount of... (emphasizing quantity).
这种食品 充斥 着过量的添加剂。
خانواده کلمه
فعلها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a vast, dark cloud (充) that is so dense and suffocating (斥) that it fills the entire sky, blocking out the sun. This cloud represents something overwhelming and negative, like pollution or bad news, that 'chōngchì's your world.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a room where the walls are being pushed inward by an unseen force, as if being filled by something unstoppable and unpleasant. The walls are cracking under the pressure, symbolizing the negative impact of what is 'chōngchì'ing the space.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe three negative aspects of modern society using the word 充斥. For example, 'The internet is 充斥 with clickbait.' or 'His speech was 充斥 with jargon.'
ریشه کلمه
The word 充斥 is a compound word formed by combining two characters, each contributing to the overall meaning. 充 (chōng) means 'to fill' or 'to stuff', and 斥 (chì) means 'to expel', 'to reject', or 'to be numerous/abundant'. The combination implies an overwhelming filling or an abundance that is often undesirable or expansive.
معنای اصلی: The character 充 originally meant to fill up a space or a container. The character 斥, in this context, emphasizes a large quantity or an expansive presence, sometimes even with a sense of being pushed out or being too much. Together, they suggest being filled up to the point of excess or being overwhelmed by a multitude.
Sino-Tibetanبافت فرهنگی
The word carries a strong negative connotation. It should be used carefully when describing situations that are not genuinely problematic or excessive, to avoid sounding overly critical or judgmental.
In English, similar concepts are expressed with phrases like 'flooded with', 'overrun with', 'rife with', 'saturated with', or 'plagued by', depending on the context and severity.
Summary
充斥 (chōngchì) signifies an overwhelming and often undesirable saturation of something, typically used to describe negative aspects like pollution, misinformation, or excessive commercialism, carrying a strong negative connotation distinct from the neutral 'to be full of' (充满 chōngmǎn).
- 充斥 (chōngchì) means to be filled with, usually something negative or excessive.
- Think of it as being flooded or overwhelmed, like with pollution or fake news.
- It carries a strong negative connotation, unlike the neutral 充满 (chōngmǎn).
- Commonly used for environments, media, and abstract issues.
مثال
市场上充斥着各种廉价的仿制品。
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