B2 Relative Clauses 11 min read Moyen

Whose: Exprimer la possession

Utilise 'whose' pour lier tes idées en montrant l'appartenance, ce qui rendra tes phrases plus smooth et concise.
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'whose' to show who owns something without repeating names or using 'his/her/their' in a new sentence.

  • Replace possessive adjectives (his, her, its, their) with 'whose' to join two sentences together.
  • Always follow 'whose' immediately with the noun being possessed: 'The girl whose cat...'
  • Never use an article (a, an, the) between 'whose' and the noun it modifies.
Person/Thing + whose + Possession + Verb

Overview

### Overview
Whose est le pronom relatif possessif par excellence en anglais. Sa fonction principale est de relier un nom dans une proposition principale à une personne, un animal ou une chose qui lui appartient ou lui est étroitement associé. C'est l'équivalent structurel de notre « dont » français, mais avec une nuance importante : alors que « dont » est polyvalent (il peut exprimer la possession, mais aussi le complément d'objet indirect), whose est exclusivement dédié à la possession.
En français, pour exprimer cette idée, nous utilisons souvent la structure « dont... le/la/les... » ou « dont...
son/sa/ses... ». Par exemple : « C'est l'homme dont la voiture est en panne ».
En anglais, on utilise whose pour simplifier cette construction : That's the man whose car is broken. Remarquez que l'anglais supprime l'article défini (« la ») après le pronom relatif, ce qui est une différence majeure. Pour un apprenant de niveau B2, maîtriser whose est essentiel pour passer d'un anglais segmenté (phrases courtes) à un anglais fluide et complexe.
C'est la marque d'une maîtrise supérieure, permettant d'éviter des répétitions lourdes comme his, her ou their.
### How This Grammar Works
Grammaticalement, whose fonctionne comme un déterminant possessif au sein de sa propre proposition. C'est là que réside la grande différence avec le français. En français, nous disons « l'homme dont la voiture...
». Ici, « dont » est le pronom, et « la » est l'article. En anglais, whose absorbe le rôle du déterminant.
Il remplace tout article (a, the) ou adjectif possessif (his, her, its).
Si vous essayez de traduire littéralement en pensant « dont + article », vous ferez une erreur. Whose est un bloc unique. Il lie l'antécédent (le possesseur) à l'objet possédé.
Exemple : The student whose essay I read is very talented.
  • Antécédent : The student (le possesseur).
  • Pronom : whose.
  • Objet possédé : essay.
En français, on dirait « L'étudiant dont j'ai lu l'essai ». Notez qu'en français, le nom « essai » est précédé de « l' ». En anglais, on ne met rien entre whose et essay.
C'est une règle d'or : après whose, on place immédiatement le nom de l'objet possédé. Si vous mettez the ou his après whose, la phrase devient incorrecte. C'est le piège classique de l'interférence linguistique où le cerveau francophone cherche à traduire l'article défini français qui est pourtant proscrit en anglais dans ce contexte.
### Formation Pattern
La structure est rigide et très régulière. Contrairement au français où la place du complément peut parfois varier, l'anglais impose une suite logique : [Antécédent] + whose + [Nom possédé] + [Verbe].
| État | Structure | Exemple |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Correct | Antécédent + whose + Nom | The girl whose phone rang... |
| Incorrect | Antécédent + whose + the + Nom | The girl whose the phone rang... |
| Correct | Antécédent + whose + Nom | The house whose roof is red... |
| Incorrect | Antécédent + whose + her + Nom | The house whose its roof is red... |
Comme vous pouvez le voir, whose agit comme un aimant qui attire le nom possédé immédiatement après lui. Aucune intrusion d'article n'est permise.
### When To Use It
L'usage de whose se divise en deux catégories : les propositions définissantes (qui restreignent le sens) et non-définissantes (qui ajoutent une information supplémentaire).
  1. 1Defining Relative Clauses : Elles sont indispensables à la compréhension. Sans elles, on ne sait pas de qui ou de quoi on parle. Pas de virgules.
  • The teacher whose students passed the exam is very proud. (On précise quel professeur : celui dont les élèves ont réussi).
  1. 1Non-Defining Relative Clauses : Elles apportent un détail supplémentaire. On utilise des virgules pour isoler cette information.
  • My brother, whose car is a vintage model, loves driving in the countryside. (L'information sur la voiture est un détail, pas une définition).
Une question revient souvent : peut-on utiliser whose pour des objets ? En français, « dont » s'utilise pour tout. En anglais, certains vieux manuels suggéraient of which pour les objets, mais c'est devenu très formel, voire pompeux.
Aujourd'hui, whose est parfaitement naturel pour les objets (ex: the book whose cover is torn). Ne vous compliquez pas la vie : utilisez whose pour tout.
### Common Mistakes
  1. 1La confusion Whose vs Who's : C'est l'erreur n°1. Who's est la contraction de who is ou who has.
  • Erreur : The man who's car is blue. (Le cerveau francophone pense « l'homme qui est sa voiture »).
  • Correction : The man whose car is blue.
  1. 1L'ajout d'un article ou possessif : Par interférence avec le français (« dont la voiture »), les francophones ajoutent souvent the ou his.
  • Erreur : The woman whose the bag was stolen.
  • Correction : The woman whose bag was stolen.
  1. 1La confusion avec who : Certains utilisent who suivi d'un possessif.
  • Erreur : The boy who his bike is broken.
  • Correction : The boy whose bike is broken.
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
Il est crucial de comparer whose avec d'autres structures de possession.
| Structure | Usage | Comparaison française |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| whose | Possessif relatif | « dont » + nom |
| of which | Très formel (objets) | « dont » (soutenu) |
| who's | Contraction (who is/has) | « qui est » / « qui a » |
En français, nous avons une grande liberté avec « dont ». En anglais, whose est beaucoup plus spécifique. Si vous voulez dire « l'homme à qui je parle », vous n'utilisez pas whose mais to whom (ou who... to). Whose ne sert strictement qu'à la possession.
### Quick FAQ
  • Q : Peut-on utiliser whose pour des objets inanimés ?
R : Oui, c'est tout à fait correct et même recommandé pour rester naturel. Évitez of which sauf dans des contextes juridiques ou académiques très stricts.
  • Q : Pourquoi ne puis-je pas dire « whose the car » ?
R : Parce que whose remplit déjà la fonction de déterminant. En anglais, on ne peut pas avoir deux déterminants pour un seul nom. C'est comme vouloir dire « le mon chien » au lieu de « mon chien ».
  • Q : Comment savoir si je dois mettre une virgule ?
R : Si vous pouvez supprimer la proposition sans changer le sens fondamental de la phrase, mettez des virgules. Sinon, n'en mettez pas. C'est la même règle que pour « qui » ou « que ».

Whose in Different Sentence Types

Type Structure Example
Relative Clause (Person)
Noun + whose + Noun + Verb
The man whose car broke down...
Relative Clause (Thing)
Noun + whose + Noun + Verb
The car whose engine failed...
Interrogative (Determiner)
Whose + Noun + Verb...?
Whose phone is this?
Interrogative (Pronoun)
Whose + Verb...?
Whose is this?

Common Confusion: Whose vs. Who's

Form Meaning Example
Whose
Possessive (belonging to who)
Whose bag is this?
Who's
Who is / Who has
Who's coming to dinner?

Meanings

A relative pronoun used to indicate that the following noun belongs to or is associated with the person or thing mentioned previously.

1

Relative Clause Possession

Used to introduce a relative clause that describes a noun by mentioning something it possesses.

“The company, whose profits doubled this year, is hiring.”

“He is the author whose books I told you about.”

2

Interrogative Determiner

Used at the beginning of a question to ask which person something belongs to.

“Whose phone is ringing?”

“Whose idea was it to go hiking in the rain?”

3

Interrogative Pronoun

Used as a standalone pronoun in a question when the noun is already understood from context.

“I found a jacket. Whose is it?”

“There are two umbrellas here; whose is whose?”

Reference Table

Reference table for Whose: Exprimer la possession
Pronom Fonction Exemple (Personne) Exemple (Objet)
whose
Possession (dont / de qui)
The student whose laptop crashed...
The building whose roof leaked...
who's
Contraction (who is/has)
Who's coming to the party?
Who's got the key?
who
Pronom sujet
The man who helped me...
-
whom
Pronom complément (formel)
The person whom I met...
-

Spectre de formalité

Formel
To whom does this vehicle belong?

To whom does this vehicle belong? (Parking lot)

Neutre
Whose car is this?

Whose car is this? (Parking lot)

Informel
Whose is the car?

Whose is the car? (Parking lot)

Argot
Yo, whose ride is that?

Yo, whose ride is that? (Parking lot)

Whose : Connecter la Possession

WHOSE

Remplace

  • his belonging to him
  • her belonging to her
  • its belonging to it
  • their belonging to them

Structure

  • Nom + whose + Nom + Verbe Combines sentences about possession

Usages courants

  • Identifier des gens The student whose grades...
  • Décrire des objets The car whose engine...
  • Infos bonus My friend, whose dog...

Éviter la confusion

  • Who's Who is / Who has
  • Who Subject pronoun

Whose vs. Who's vs. Who

Whose
Whose bag is this? Shows ownership
The author whose book... Relative pronoun for possession
Who's
Who's coming? Contraction of 'who is'
Who's been here? Contraction of 'who has'
Who
Who called me? Subject of the verb
The person who helped... Relative pronoun for subject

Choisir entre Whose et Who's

1

La phrase implique-t-elle une possession ?

YES
Utilise `whose` (sans apostrophe).
NO
Peux-tu remplacer par 'who is' ou 'who has' ?
2

Peux-tu remplacer par 'who is' ou 'who has' ?

YES
Utilise `who's` (avec apostrophe).
NO
Réévalue la structure pour `who` ou `whom`.

Scénarios d'utilisation de Whose

🧑

Personnes

  • • The student whose grades...
  • • My friend whose car broke down...
🐶

Animaux

  • • The dog whose tail wags...
  • • A cat whose fur is soft...
📚

Objets/Concepts

  • • The book whose cover is red...
  • • A theory whose implications...
📱

Contextes modernes

  • • The influencer whose new line...
  • • An app whose interface is intuitive...
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Exemples par niveau

1

Whose phone is this?

2

Whose is that bag?

3

Whose turn is it?

4

Whose shoes are these?

1

I know a girl whose name is Anna.

2

Whose car did you come in?

3

The man whose dog is big is my neighbor.

4

Whose books are on the table?

1

He is the actor whose face is on every billboard.

2

I live in a house whose roof is very old.

3

Whose idea was it to start this project?

4

The woman whose purse was stolen went to the police.

1

The company, whose headquarters are in Tokyo, is expanding.

2

It was a decision whose consequences were not yet clear.

3

The scientist, whose research changed the world, was very humble.

4

Whose side are you on in this argument?

1

They are a people whose traditions have survived for centuries.

2

The treaty, whose primary aim was peace, was signed yesterday.

3

He is a writer whose influence can be seen in many modern films.

4

The mountain, whose peak was hidden by clouds, looked intimidating.

1

It is a philosophy whose tenets are often misunderstood by laypeople.

2

The city, whose very foundations seemed to tremble, was in chaos.

3

She is a leader by whose example we should all be inspired.

4

The project, whose success depends entirely on your cooperation, is vital.

Facile à confondre

Whose: Showing Possession vs Whose vs. Who's

They sound identical (/huːz/), leading to frequent spelling errors.

Whose: Showing Possession vs Whose vs. Of Which

Learners think 'whose' is only for people and 'of which' is for things.

Erreurs courantes

✗

Who's book is this?

✓

Whose book is this?

Who's means 'who is'. You need the possessive 'whose'.
✗

Whose is the car?

✓

Whose car is it?

In questions, the noun usually follows 'whose' directly.
✗

The man whose the car is red.

✓

The man whose car is red.

Do not use 'the' after 'whose'.
✗

I know a girl whose is Sarah.

✓

I know a girl whose name is Sarah.

Whose must be followed by the noun it possesses.
✗

The house who's roof is old.

✓

The house whose roof is old.

Even for things, use 'whose', not 'who's'.
✗

Whose you are talking about?

✓

Whose are you talking about?

Incorrect question structure.
✗

The company, of which the CEO is retiring...

✓

The company, whose CEO is retiring...

'Of which' is grammatically correct but often too stiff; 'whose' is usually better.

Structures de phrases

I have a friend whose ___ is ___.

Whose ___ did you ___?

It is a company whose ___ are ___.

Real World Usage

Job Interviews common

I worked for a firm whose primary focus was sustainable energy.

Social Media very common

Whose dog is this? Found in Central Park!

Real Estate common

A charming cottage whose garden overlooks the sea.

Academic Writing very common

A theory whose validity has been questioned by recent data.

Tech Support occasional

Whose account are we looking at today?

Legal Contracts common

The party whose signature appears below...

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💡

Le test du 'Who is' !

Si tu peux remplacer le mot par 'who is' ou 'who has' et que la phrase a toujours du sens, alors utilise 'who's'. Sinon, c'est 'whose' ! Par exemple : "Who's the boss?"
⚠️

Pas d'articles !

Après 'whose', on ne met jamais 'a', 'an' ou 'the'. 'Whose' indique déjà la possession, donc dire whose the car est une erreur. Dis plutôt : whose car.
🎯

Simplifie avec 'whose'

Vois 'whose' comme un raccourci élégant. Au lieu de faire deux phrases, tu les combines pour un style plus pro :
The author whose book I read.
🌍

Formel ou informel ?

'Whose' est super polyvalent ! Tu peux l'utiliser aussi bien dans un essai académique que dans un chat entre potes :
The guy whose phone rang.
💡

La possession pour les objets

Même si on l'utilise souvent pour les gens, 'whose' fonctionne parfaitement pour les objets inanimés. C'est souvent plus naturel que 'of which' :
The book whose cover is red.

Smart Tips

Check if you mean 'who is'. If you can't say 'who is', change it to 'whose'.

The man who's car is red. → The man whose car is red.

Use 'whose' instead of 'of which' for objects.

The table, the legs of which are broken... → The table whose legs are broken...

Delete the possessive adjective (his/her/their) and the period, then insert 'whose'.

I met a girl. Her name is Joy. → I met a girl whose name is Joy.

Make sure the noun comes immediately after 'whose'.

Whose is this phone? → Whose phone is this?

Prononciation

/huːz/

Homophones

'Whose' and 'Who's' are pronounced exactly the same: /huːz/.

WHOSE phone is this? vs. The man whose PHONE...

Stress

In questions, 'Whose' is usually stressed. In relative clauses, the noun following 'whose' often carries more stress.

Falling Intonation

Whose book is this? ↘

Standard information-seeking question.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Whose is for 'Who owns'. If you can replace it with 'his' or 'her', use 'whose'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a giant question mark holding a leash attached to a dog. The question mark is 'Whose' and the dog is the 'Noun' it owns.

Rhyme

If it's 'who is', use an apostrophe. If it's 'belongs to', whose is the key!

Story

A detective walks into a room and sees a mysterious hat. He asks, 'Whose hat is this?' He then finds the owner, a man whose name is Sherlock. Sherlock is a man whose skills are legendary.

Word Web

PossessionOwnershipRelativeBelongingWhoseWho'sAntecedent

Défi

Look around your room. Pick five objects and write a sentence for each using 'whose' to describe the owner (e.g., 'This is the desk whose surface is messy').

Notes culturelles

Using 'whose' for inanimate objects (like 'the car whose engine...') was once debated but is now standard and preferred over 'of which' in almost all contexts.

In very formal academic writing, 'of which' is still occasionally used to avoid personifying objects, but 'whose' is increasingly accepted for brevity.

In some dialects, 'who all' or 'whose all' might be used to refer to a group's possession, though this is non-standard.

Derived from Old English 'hwæs', which was the genitive (possessive) case of 'hwa' (who).

Amorces de conversation

“

Whose advice do you value the most in your life?

“

If you could live in any city whose climate is perfect, where would you go?

“

Whose phone is that on the table?

“

Think of a famous person whose career you admire. Who is it?

Sujets d'écriture

Describe a person in your life whose personality is the opposite of yours.
Write about a historical event whose impact is still felt today.
Describe your dream house, mentioning at least three features using 'whose'.

Erreurs courantes

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

Incorrect

Correct

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Test Yourself

Choisis le bon mot pour compléter la phrase.

That's the student ___ project won first prize.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whose
'Whose' est la forme possessive, indiquant que le projet appartient à l'étudiant.
Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la phrase. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

I saw a car who's engine was smoking.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I saw a car whose engine was smoking.
'Who's' est la contraction de 'who is'. On a besoin de 'whose' pour montrer que le moteur appartient à la voiture.
Quelle phrase utilise 'whose' correctement ? Choix multiple

Choisis la phrase correcte :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She's the artist whose work I admire.
On ne met pas 'her' après 'whose' car la possession est déjà indiquée. 'Who's' signifierait 'who is', ce qui est faux ici.
Associe la forme correcte pour exprimer la possession. Match Pairs

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
'Whose' indique la possession, 'who's' indique 'who is'.

Score: /4

Exercices pratiques

8 exercises
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. Choix multiple

The woman ___ daughter is a doctor lives next door.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whose
We need the possessive form to show the daughter belongs to the woman.
Find and correct the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Whose the keys are these?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Whose keys are these?
You must remove the article 'the' after 'whose'.
Fill in the blank with 'whose' or 'who's'.

I don't know ___ going to the party tonight.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: who's
The sentence means 'who is going', so we use the contraction 'who's'.
Combine the two sentences using 'whose'. Sentence Transformation

I met a man. His brother is a famous chef.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I met a man whose brother is a famous chef.
'Whose' replaces the possessive adjective 'his'.
Is the following sentence grammatically correct? True False Rule

The car, whose windows were tinted, looked very expensive.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
'Whose' can be used for inanimate objects like cars.
Which of these sentences uses 'whose' as an interrogative? Grammar Sorting

Identify the question form.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Whose bag is this?
This is a direct question asking for ownership.
Complete the dialogue. Dialogue Completion

A: I found a wallet! B: ___ is it?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Whose
B is asking about the owner of the wallet.
Reorder the words to make a correct sentence. Sentence Building

whose / is / idea / this / anyway / ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Whose idea is this anyway?
In questions, 'Whose' + noun starts the sentence.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Choisis le bon mot pour compléter la phrase. Texte trous

He's the guy ___ dog always barks at the mailman.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whose
Trouve et corrige l'erreur dans la phrase. Error Correction

The student who grades improved dramatically received an award.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The student whose grades improved dramatically received an award.
Quelle phrase est grammaticalement correcte ? Choix multiple

Choisis la phrase correcte :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The book whose cover is ripped is mine.
Traduis la phrase en anglais. Traduction

Traduis en anglais : 'J'ai rencontré la femme dont tu m'as recommandé le livre.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I met the woman whose book you recommended.","I met the woman whose book was recommended by you."]
Remets les mots dans l'ordre pour former une phrase. Sentence Reorder

Remets les mots dans l'ordre :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I borrowed my friend whose laptop crashed.
Associe le pronom à sa fonction. Match Pairs

Associe les éléments :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Choisis le bon mot. Texte trous

We're looking for an app ___ interface is user-friendly.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: whose
Corrige l'erreur. Error Correction

The painter whose his art I admire is exhibiting next month.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The painter whose art I admire is exhibiting next month.
Quelle phrase est correcte ? Choix multiple

Choisis la bonne phrase :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is that the actor whose new movie just came out?
Traduis en anglais. Traduction

Traduis : 'C'est la femme dont j'admire le talent.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["She is the woman whose talent I admire.","She's the woman whose talent I admire."]
Forme une phrase correcte. Sentence Reorder

Remets les mots dans l'ordre :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The students whose projects are excellent are working hard.
Fais correspondre les paires. Match Pairs

Associe les exemples aux descriptions :

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

FAQ (8)

You can use `whose` for both! While it is the possessive of 'who', it is perfectly standard to say 'the house whose roof...' or 'the company whose profits...'.

`Whose` is possessive (belonging to whom). `Who's` is a contraction for 'who is' or 'who has'. They sound the same but have different meanings.

No, never use an article like 'the' or 'a' after `whose`. Say 'whose car', not 'whose the car'.

In very formal or old-fashioned writing, 'of which' is used, but in modern English, `whose` is much more common and natural.

Usually no, but in short questions like 'Whose is this?', it can be part of the predicate.

Use `who` if you are replacing 'he/she/they'. Use `whose` if you are replacing 'his/her/their'.

`Whose` is neutral. It is used in both casual conversation and formal academic papers.

No, 'whose's' is not a word. `Whose` is already possessive.

Scaffolded Practice

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Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish high

cuyo / cuya

English 'whose' is gender-neutral and doesn't change for plural nouns.

French moderate

dont

French 'dont' requires a specific word order (dont + subject + verb + object) that differs from English.

German moderate

dessen / deren

German pronouns change based on the gender and number of the *owner*, whereas 'whose' is invariant.

Japanese low

〜の (no) + relative clause

Japanese relative clauses come *before* the noun they modify, while English 'whose' clauses come *after*.

Arabic low

الذي (alladhi) + possessive suffix

Arabic requires a 'resumptive pronoun' (a suffix meaning 'his/her') which is strictly forbidden in English.

Chinese low

的 (de)

Chinese uses one particle for many functions, whereas English uses 'whose' specifically for possession.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
Adverbes Relatifs (où, quand, pourquoi)

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L'utilisation de WHOSE en anglais YouTube

L'utilisation de WHOSE en anglais

Isabelle d'Anglais

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