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A1 noun 8 min de lecture

دما

dama
Exemples دما en 30 secondes
Explication دما in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'دما' (dama) is introduced as a basic noun for talking about the weather. Students learn to use it in simple sentences like 'Dama chand darajeh ast?' (What is the temperature?) and 'Dama bala ast' (The temperature is high). The focus is on recognizing the word in weather forecasts and understanding that it relates to how hot or cold it is outside. Students should be able to link 'dama' with numbers (1 to 50) and the word 'darajeh' (degree). At this stage, the goal is simply to distinguish 'dama' from 'hava' (weather) and use it to describe the environment in a very basic way.
At the A2 level, learners expand their use of 'دما' to include personal health and household tasks. They learn to use the word with the Ezafe construction, such as 'damaye badan' (body temperature) and 'damaye fer' (oven temperature). A2 students should be able to understand simple instructions involving temperature, like 'Ghazaye nuzad bayad damaye monasebi dashteh bashad' (Baby food should have a suitable temperature). They also begin to use verbs like 'andazeh-giri kardan' (to measure) and 'tanzim kardan' (to adjust) in conjunction with 'dama'. The vocabulary grows to include 'damasanj' (thermometer).
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At the B1 level, students use 'دما' to discuss more abstract or environmental topics. This includes talking about climate change ('afzayesh-e dama') and describing seasonal changes in more detail. B1 learners should be able to explain the relationship between temperature and other factors, such as 'Vaghti dama payin mi-ayad, barf mibarad' (When the temperature drops, it snows). They can participate in discussions about energy conservation, like keeping the 'damaye khaneh' (home temperature) at a certain level to save electricity. Their grammar becomes more fluid, using complex sentences with 'agar' (if) and 'chon' (because).
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At the B2 level, 'دما' is used in professional and semi-technical contexts. Learners can discuss the impact of temperature on industrial processes or biological systems. They use more sophisticated collocations like 'navaasaan-e dama' (temperature fluctuations), 'damaye noghte-ye joosh' (boiling point), and 'damaye noghte-ye enjemad' (freezing point). B2 students can read news articles about global warming and summarize the data provided regarding 'miyangin-e dama' (average temperature). They are also expected to understand the difference between 'dama' and 'hararat' (thermal energy) in a scientific context.
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At the C1 level, learners use 'دما' with high precision in academic or specialized discussions. They can analyze data trends involving temperature in fields like meteorology, engineering, or medicine. C1 students understand the nuances of formal synonyms like 'boroodat' or 'darajeh-ye hararat' and choose the appropriate register for their audience. They can use the word metaphorically in advanced literature or political discourse, such as discussing the 'damaye siyasi-ye jame-eh' (the political temperature of society). Their usage is indistinguishable from that of a native speaker in both formal and informal settings.
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At the C2 level, the learner has a complete mastery of 'دما' and its associated technical jargon across all scientific disciplines. They can engage in deep philosophical or scientific debates where 'dama' might be discussed in the context of entropy or the origins of the universe. They are comfortable with archaic or highly poetic uses of the word and its derivatives. A C2 learner can write comprehensive reports or research papers in Persian where 'dama' is a central variable, demonstrating a perfect grasp of technical collocations and stylistic variations.
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Exemples

دما en 30 secondes

  • Dama means temperature in Persian and is used for weather and science.
  • It is a noun that often requires the Ezafe 'ye' (دمای) when describing something.
  • Commonly paired with 'darajeh' (degree) and verbs like 'bala raftan' (to increase).
  • Essential for discussing health (fever), cooking, and environmental issues like climate change.
The Persian word دما (pronounced 'dama') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily used to denote 'temperature'. Whether you are discussing the weather, your physical health, or a scientific experiment, this word is your primary tool for expressing the degree of heat or coldness in an object or environment. In its most basic sense, it refers to the thermal state of a system. For beginners, it is most frequently encountered in the context of weather forecasts or asking about the temperature of a room. However, its utility extends far beyond simple weather talk. In the culinary arts, دما is crucial for following recipes, such as setting the oven to a specific temperature. In medical contexts, it refers to body temperature, a vital sign that indicates health or illness.
Scientific Context
In physics and thermodynamics, dama represents the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It is measured in Celsius (سلسیوس) or Kelvin (کلوین) in academic Persian settings.

امروز دما بسیار بالا است و هوا خیلی گرم شده است.

Translation: Today the temperature is very high and the weather has become very hot.
Historically, Persian speakers might have used terms like 'garma' (heat) or 'sarma' (cold) to describe how they felt, but دما provides a neutral, objective measurement that doesn't inherently imply comfort or discomfort. It is the numerical value on the thermometer.
Daily Use
You will hear this word every morning on the radio news during the 'gozaresh-e hava' (weather report).

برای پختن این کیک، دمای فر باید ۱۸۰ درجه باشد.

Translation: To bake this cake, the oven temperature must be 180 degrees.

پرستار دمای بدن بیمار را اندازه گرفت.

Translation: The nurse measured the patient's body temperature.
Environmental Issues
Discussions about climate change (taghyir-e eghlim) frequently use 'afzayesh-e dama' (increase in temperature) to describe global warming.

میانگین دمای کره زمین در حال افزایش است.

Translation: The average temperature of the Earth is increasing.

آب در دمای ۱۰۰ درجه به جوش می‌آید.

Translation: Water boils at a temperature of 100 degrees.
Understanding this word is essential because it is a building block for more complex environmental and physical concepts in Persian.
Using دما in a sentence is relatively straightforward, but there are grammatical nuances to keep in mind. As a noun, it often takes an 'Ezafe' (the short 'e' sound connecting words) when followed by a modifier or a possessive. For example, 'damaye hava' (the temperature of the air) or 'damaye badan' (the temperature of the body). When you want to describe the state of the temperature, you use verbs like 'budan' (to be), 'shodan' (to become), 'bala raftan' (to go up/increase), or 'payin amadan' (to come down/decrease).
Subject of the Sentence
Dama often acts as the subject when describing environmental conditions. 'Dama emruz monaseb ast' (The temperature is suitable today).

دمای آب برای شنا کردن عالی است.

Translation: The water temperature is excellent for swimming.
When specifying a numerical value, the word 'darajeh' (degree) almost always follows the number. You don't just say 'Dama 20 ast'; you say 'Dama 20 darajeh ast'. This is a key difference from English, where we might just say 'It's 20 out'.
Verb Pairings
Common verbs used with dama include 'andazeh-giri kardan' (to measure) and 'tanzim kardan' (to adjust/regulate).

لطفاً دمای اتاق را تنظیم کنید.

Translation: Please adjust the room temperature.

با غروب خورشید، دما به سرعت پایین می‌آید.

Translation: With the sunset, the temperature drops rapidly.
In more complex sentences, دما can be part of a compound adjective or noun phrase, such as 'damaye mohit' (ambient temperature) or 'damaye noghte-ye joosh' (boiling point temperature).
Formal Writing
In reports, you might see 'navaasaan-e dama' (temperature fluctuations).

نوسان دما در این منطقه بسیار زیاد است.

Translation: The temperature fluctuation in this region is very high.

کاهش ناگهانی دما باعث بارش برف شد.

Translation: The sudden decrease in temperature caused snow to fall.
By mastering these patterns, you can accurately describe the physical world around you in Persian.
The word دما is ubiquitous in Persian-speaking environments, spanning various domains from the mundane to the highly technical. If you are in Iran, Tajikistan, or Afghanistan, you will encounter this word daily.
Media and News
Every news broadcast features a weather segment where 'dama' is mentioned for every major city. You'll hear 'had-e aksar-e dama' (maximum temperature) and 'had-e aghall-e dama' (minimum temperature).

بیشینه دمای امروز تهران به ۳۵ درجه می‌رسد.

Translation: Today's maximum temperature in Tehran will reach 35 degrees.
In a household setting, parents often use it when checking if their children have a fever. A mother might say, 'Damaye badanesh balast' (His/her body temperature is high). In the kitchen, it's used when discussing how to store food or at what heat to cook.
Public Spaces
In offices or public transport, you might hear people complaining about the 'damaye mohit' (ambient temperature) if the air conditioning is too high or too low.

سیستم تهویه، دما را روی ۲۲ درجه نگه می‌دارد.

Translation: The ventilation system keeps the temperature at 22 degrees.
Scientific and educational settings are where the word is used with the most precision. Textbooks on chemistry, biology, and physics are filled with references to 'dama' in relation to chemical reactions, cellular processes, and energy transfers.

تغییر دما می‌تواند سرعت واکنش‌های شیمیایی را تغییر دهد.

Translation: Changing the temperature can change the speed of chemical reactions.
Industrial Settings
Factories and power plants monitor 'damaye dastgah-ha' (machine temperatures) to prevent overheating.

اگر دما از حد مجاز فراتر رود، هشدار فعال می‌شود.

Translation: If the temperature exceeds the allowed limit, the alarm is activated.

یخچال باید در دمای ثابتی کار کند.

Translation: The refrigerator must operate at a constant temperature.
Whether you are reading a technical manual or just chatting about the weather over tea, 'dama' is an indispensable part of the Persian lexicon.
Even though دما is a basic word, learners often make specific mistakes when using it. One of the most common errors is confusing 'dama' with 'garma' (heat) or 'sarma' (cold). While 'dama' is the measurement, 'garma' and 'sarma' describe the sensation or the energy itself. You cannot say 'Dama ziad ast' to mean 'It is very hot' in a subjective sense; you would usually say 'Hava garm ast'.
Dama vs. Hava
Learners often say 'Damaye emruz khub ast' when they mean 'The weather today is good'. While grammatically correct, it sounds a bit technical. It's better to say 'Havaye emruz khub ast'.

اشتباه: من دما دارم. (Correct: من تب دارم - I have a fever).

Explanation: In English, we say 'I have a temperature' to mean 'I have a fever'. In Persian, you must use 'tab' (fever).
Another common mistake involves the Ezafe. Because 'dama' ends in a long 'a' (alef), you must use the glide 'y' before the Ezafe. Skipping this and saying 'dama-e' instead of 'damaye' is a frequent error for beginners.
Confusing with 'Darajeh'
Sometimes learners use 'darajeh' (degree) when they should use 'dama'. 'Darajeh' is the unit, 'dama' is the concept.

درست: دما چند درجه است؟ (What is the temperature?).

Note: Don't just ask 'Darajeh chand ast?' unless the context is very clear.

اشتباه: دما داغ است. (Correct: دما بالا است).

Explanation: Temperatures are 'high' (bala) or 'low' (payin), not 'hot' (dagh) or 'cold' (sard).
Scientific Precision
In technical writing, failing to specify the scale (Celsius vs. Fahrenheit) can be a mistake, though Celsius is the default in Iran.

لطفاً دما را به سلسیوس بنویسید.

Translation: Please write the temperature in Celsius.

در این آزمایش، کنترل دما حیاتی است.

Translation: In this experiment, temperature control is vital.
Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.
While دما is the standard word for temperature, Persian offers several synonyms and related terms depending on the register and context. Understanding these will help you choose the right word for the right situation.
Comparison: Dama vs. Darajeh-ye Hararat
'Dama' is pure Persian (though some argue its roots), while 'Darajeh-ye Hararat' is Arabic-derived. 'Dama' is more modern and concise, whereas 'Darajeh-ye Hararat' is often found in older textbooks or very formal medical reports.

دماسنج (Damasan-j) vs. ترمومتر (Termometr).

Explanation: 'Damasan-j' is the Persian word for thermometer, literally 'temperature measurer'. 'Termometr' is the borrowed French/International term often used in hospitals.
Related Term: Garma (Heat)
Garma refers to the energy or the feeling of being hot. You use 'garma' when talking about summer heat: 'Garmaye tabestan' (the heat of summer).
Related Term: Tab (Fever)
In a medical context, if someone's 'dama' is high, they have a 'tab'. You would say 'U tab darad' (He has a fever) rather than 'U dama darad'.

برودت (Boroodat) vs. Sarma.

Explanation: 'Boroodat' is a very formal Arabic word for coldness, often used in technical specs for cooling systems. 'Sarma' is the common Persian word.

حرارت (Hararat) vs. Dama.

Explanation: 'Hararat' is 'heat' or 'thermal energy'. It is often used interchangeably with 'garma' but is more formal.
Technical Term: Damaye Motlagh
This means 'Absolute Temperature' (Kelvin scale), used exclusively in science and engineering.

دمای محیط (Damaye mohit) - Ambient Temperature.

دمای متعادل (Damaye motadel) - Moderate/Balanced Temperature.

Knowing these alternatives allows you to navigate both a casual conversation and a professional document with ease.
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Exemples par niveau

1

دما چند درجه است؟

What is the temperature?

Interrogative sentence using 'chand' (how many).

2

دما بیست درجه است.

The temperature is twenty degrees.

Simple declarative sentence.

3

امروز دما بالا است.

Today the temperature is high.

Adjective 'bala' (high) modifying the noun.

4

دما پایین است.

The temperature is low.

Adjective 'payin' (low) modifying the noun.

5

دما را ببین.

Look at the temperature.

Imperative sentence with direct object marker 'ra'.

6

دما تغییر کرد.

The temperature changed.

Past tense verb 'taghyir kardan'.

7

آیا دما خوب است؟

Is the temperature good?

Yes/No question using 'aya'.

8

دما ده درجه شد.

The temperature became ten degrees.

Linking verb 'shodan' (to become).

1

دمای آب گرم است.

The water temperature is warm.

Ezafe construction 'damaye ab'.

2

دمای بدن او را چک کن.

Check his/her body temperature.

Compound verb 'check kardan'.

3

دمای فر را تنظیم کنید.

Adjust the oven temperature.

Formal imperative 'tanzim konid'.

4

دما در شب پایین می‌آید.

The temperature comes down at night.

Present continuous/habitual verb 'payin mi-ayad'.

5

دمای اتاق خیلی سرد است.

The room temperature is very cold.

Adverb 'kheyli' (very).

6

این دماسنج دما را نشان می‌دهد.

This thermometer shows the temperature.

Subject-Object-Verb order.

7

دمای چای مناسب است.

The tea temperature is suitable.

Adjective 'monaseb' (suitable).

8

دما به صفر درجه رسید.

The temperature reached zero degrees.

Preposition 'be' (to) with verb 'residan'.

1

افزایش دما باعث ذوب شدن یخ‌ها می‌شود.

The increase in temperature causes the melting of ice.

Causal construction 'ba'es-e ... shodan'.

2

دما در تابستان به چهل درجه می‌رسد.

The temperature reaches forty degrees in summer.

Specifying time with 'dar tabestan'.

3

باید دما را ثابت نگه داریم.

We must keep the temperature constant.

Modal verb 'bayad' with subjunctive 'negah darim'.

4

تغییرات دما روی گیاهان اثر می‌گذارد.

Temperature changes affect plants.

Plural noun 'taghyirat' (changes).

5

دما نباید از این بالاتر برود.

The temperature should not go higher than this.

Negative modal 'nabayad'.

6

میانگین دما در این شهر بالا است.

The average temperature in this city is high.

Compound noun 'miyangin-e dama'.

7

دما به تدریج در حال کاهش است.

The temperature is gradually decreasing.

Progressive tense 'dar hal-e kahesh ast'.

8

اختلاف دما بین روز و شب زیاد است.

The temperature difference between day and night is large.

Noun 'ekhtelaf' (difference).

1

نوسانات دما بر کیفیت محصول اثر دارد.

Temperature fluctuations affect the product quality.

Arabic plural 'navasanat' (fluctuations).

2

این دستگاه دما را با دقت اندازه‌گیری می‌کند.

This device measures the temperature with precision.

Adverbial phrase 'ba deghat' (with precision).

3

دمای جوش آب به فشار هوا بستگی دارد.

The boiling point of water depends on air pressure.

Verb 'bastegi dashtan' (to depend).

4

کنترل دما در واکنش‌های شیمیایی ضروری است.

Temperature control is essential in chemical reactions.

Adjective 'zaruri' (essential).

5

دما به زیر صفر سقوط کرد.

The temperature plummeted below zero.

Metaphorical verb 'soghoot kardan' (to fall/plummet).

6

کاهش دما باعث کاهش فشار گاز می‌شود.

A decrease in temperature causes a decrease in gas pressure.

Scientific causal relationship.

7

دما در لایه‌های مختلف جو متفاوت است.

Temperature is different in different layers of the atmosphere.

Adjective 'motafavit' (different).

8

حسگرها هر ثانیه دما را ثبت می‌کنند.

The sensors record the temperature every second.

Verb 'sabt kardan' (to record).

1

افزایش بی‌رویه دما تهدیدی برای محیط زیست است.

The excessive increase in temperature is a threat to the environment.

Compound adjective 'bi-ruyeh' (excessive/uncontrolled).

2

دما پارامتری کلیدی در مدل‌سازی اقلیمی است.

Temperature is a key parameter in climate modeling.

Academic term 'parameter'.

3

توزیع دما در سطح اقیانوس‌ها یکنواخت نیست.

The temperature distribution on the surface of oceans is not uniform.

Noun 'tozi' (distribution).

4

دما می‌تواند بر ساختار مولکولی مواد اثر بگذارد.

Temperature can affect the molecular structure of materials.

Scientific phrase 'sakhtar-e molekuli'.

5

دما در هسته زمین به هزاران درجه می‌رسد.

The temperature in the Earth's core reaches thousands of degrees.

Numerical phrase 'hezaran darajeh'.

6

پایداری دما برای بقای این گونه‌های گیاهی الزامی است.

Temperature stability is mandatory for the survival of these plant species.

Noun 'paydari' (stability).

7

دما به عنوان یک متغیر مستقل در آزمایش لحاظ شد.

Temperature was considered as an independent variable in the experiment.

Technical term 'motaghayyer-e mostaghel'.

8

نوسانات شدید دما منجر به تخریب بافت سنگ‌ها می‌شود.

Extreme temperature fluctuations lead to the destruction of rock textures.

Verb 'monjar shodan' (to lead to).

1

مفهوم دما در فیزیک کوانتوم با ترمودینامیک کلاسیک تفاوت دارد.

The concept of temperature in quantum physics differs from classical thermodynamics.

Abstract conceptual comparison.

2

دما تجلی فیزیکی جنبش ذرات در مقیاس میکروسکوپی است.

Temperature is the physical manifestation of particle motion on a microscopic scale.

Poetic/Academic term 'tajalli' (manifestation).

3

در نزدیکی صفر مطلق، رفتار دما پدیده‌های شگفت‌انگیزی می‌آفریند.

Near absolute zero, the behavior of temperature creates amazing phenomena.

Noun 'sefr-e motlagh' (absolute zero).

4

دما در این جستار به مثابه نمادی از تنش‌های اجتماعی بررسی شده است.

In this essay, temperature is examined as a symbol of social tensions.

Metaphorical use in literary analysis.

5

تعدیل دما در زیست‌کره مستلزم تعادلی ظریف است.

Temperature modulation in the biosphere requires a delicate balance.

Advanced vocabulary 'ta'dil' and 'zist-koreh'.

6

تاثیر دما بر آنتروپی سیستم به دقت واکاوی گردید.

The effect of temperature on the entropy of the system was carefully analyzed.

Formal verb 'vakaavi gardid' (was analyzed).

7

دما یکی از مولفه‌های بنیادین در تحلیل‌های کیهان‌شناختی است.

Temperature is one of the fundamental components in cosmological analyses.

Technical term 'mo'allefeh' (component).

8

همبستگی بین دما و نرخ انقراض گونه‌ها به اثبات رسیده است.

The correlation between temperature and the rate of species extinction has been proven.

Noun 'hambastegi' (correlation).

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