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A1 noun #300 le plus courant 12 min de lecture

غذا

Q: How do I say 'fast food' in Persian?

Most people just say 'fast food' (فستفود), but you can also hear 'ghazā-ye hāzeri' (ready food) or 'aghdhiyeh' for snack shops.

ghaza Top 300

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces غذا en 30 secondes

Explication غذا in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'ghazā' is one of the first nouns you learn. You use it to express basic needs and preferences. You learn to pair it with simple verbs like 'khordan' (to eat) and 'dāshtan' (to have). A1 learners focus on identifying food, saying they are hungry, and using basic adjectives like 'khoshmazeh' (delicious) or 'bad' (bad). The focus is on survival communication: ordering a meal, asking for food, and expressing likes/dislikes. You will learn the word in the context of the three main meals: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The grammar is kept simple, usually in the present tense: 'Man ghazā mikhoram' (I eat food). You also learn to use 'ghazā' with 'in' (this) and 'ān' (that) to point at things on a table.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'ghazā' in more descriptive ways. You learn the 'Ezafe' construction to add adjectives like 'garm' (hot), 'sard' (cold), 'tond' (spicy), and 'shirin' (sweet). You can talk about cooking ('ghazā dorost kardan') and describe your daily routine involving meals. A2 learners can handle simple social interactions, such as thanking a host for the food or asking what ingredients are in a dish. You also start to use the past tense: 'Ghazā khordam' (I ate food). You might begin to learn about 'ghazā-ye mahalli' (local food) and can compare two different meals using simple comparative structures. The concept of 'ghazā-ye sālem' (healthy food) becomes a topic for basic conversation.

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At the B1 level, you can discuss 'ghazā' in the context of culture, health, and habits. You can explain why you like certain types of food and describe the process of making a traditional dish in more detail. You use 'ghazā' with a wider range of verbs and modal verbs: 'Man bāyad ghazā-ye sālem bokhoram' (I must eat healthy food). You can talk about food experiences, such as a memorable meal at a restaurant or a festival. B1 learners can also understand and use the word in the context of nutrition and diet, discussing 'ghazā-ye kam-charb' (low-fat food) or 'ghazā-ye rāyegān' (free food). You start to encounter the word in more complex sentence structures, including relative clauses and conditional sentences.

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At the B2 level, 'ghazā' appears in discussions about social issues, such as food security, the restaurant industry, and cultural identity. You can speak fluently about the importance of food in Persian hospitality and explain the nuances of 'Ta'arof' related to dining. You can understand more abstract uses of the word, such as 'ghazā-ye fari' (intellectual food). Your vocabulary expands to include more formal synonyms like 'khorāk' and 'ta'ām' and you know when to use them appropriately. You can follow a complex recipe or a cooking show with ease. B2 learners can also debate topics like 'ghazā-ye daryāyi' (seafood) versus meat-based diets and discuss the environmental impact of food production.

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At the C1 level, you use 'ghazā' and its related terms with high precision and stylistic variety. You can appreciate the word's use in classical and modern literature, recognizing its symbolic meanings. You can discuss the history of Persian cuisine and the etymological roots of food-related terms. You are comfortable using 'ghazā' in professional or academic contexts, such as a lecture on public health or a business meeting about the food industry. You can use idioms and proverbs involving food naturally. Your understanding of the word is deeply integrated with an understanding of Persian history, geography, and social hierarchy. You can write detailed essays or give presentations on complex culinary topics.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native mastery of the word 'ghazā' and all its nuances. You can engage in philosophical discussions about the nature of nourishment and the role of the 'sofreh' in Persian metaphysics. You can interpret the most subtle uses of the word in Sufi poetry, where food often symbolizes spiritual sustenance. You can switch effortlessly between registers, from slang to the most formal academic Persian. You understand the regional variations of the word across the Persian-speaking world. For a C2 learner, 'ghazā' is not just a word for food; it is a gateway to the entire Persian worldview, and you can manipulate its use to convey subtle shades of meaning, irony, or deep emotion.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

غذا en 30 secondes

Ghazā is the essential Persian word for food or a meal, used daily in all social contexts.
It is a noun of Arabic origin, pronounced 'ghazā' with a long 'ā' sound at the end.
Commonly paired with verbs like 'khordan' (to eat), 'pokhtan' (to cook), and 'sefāresh dādan' (to order).
It forms the basis for many compound words and is central to the concept of Persian hospitality.

The Persian word غذا (pronounced 'ghazā') is a fundamental noun in the Persian language, primarily translating to 'food' or 'meal' in English. While its basic definition is straightforward, its usage spans a wide range of social and cultural contexts, making it one of the most essential words for any learner to master. In its most literal sense, it refers to any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism. However, in the heart of Persian culture, ghazā is much more than mere sustenance; it is the centerpiece of hospitality, family gatherings, and social bonding.

Daily Sustenance: In everyday conversation, you will use this word to talk about what you are eating for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. It is a neutral term that fits perfectly in both formal and informal settings.

مادر در حال پختن غذا در آشپزخانه است.

Translation: Mother is cooking food in the kitchen.

The word is of Arabic origin but has been fully integrated into Persian for centuries. Interestingly, in classical Arabic, the word specifically referred to 'nourishment' or 'that which feeds,' but in modern Persian, it has become the standard word for a 'meal.' When you are invited to a Persian home, the host will likely ask if you have had your ghazā, which is not just a question about hunger but an invitation to share in their hospitality. This word is also used in scientific and medical contexts to discuss nutrition and diet, showing its versatility from the kitchen table to the laboratory.

The Social Meal: When someone says 'let's go eat food' (berim ghazā bokhorim), they are often suggesting a social outing. The word encompasses the entire experience of dining together.

این غذا خیلی خوشمزه است.

Translation: This food is very delicious.

Furthermore, the word appears in various compound forms. For example, 'ghazā-khuri' refers to the act of eating or a dining room, and 'pish-ghazā' refers to an appetizer or starter. Understanding this word is the first step toward navigating a Persian menu or accepting a dinner invitation. It is a word that carries the warmth of the Persian 'sofreh' (the traditional cloth spread on the floor or table where food is served). Whether you are talking about 'ghazā-ye māni' (leftover food) or 'ghazā-ye mahalli' (local food), this noun remains the anchor of the sentence.

Formal vs. Informal: In very formal or poetic Persian, you might encounter 'ta'ām,' but in 99 percent of modern interactions, 'ghazā' is the word used by everyone from children to professors.

ما برای شام غذا سفارش دادیم.

Translation: We ordered food for dinner.

آیا شما غذای گیاهی دارید؟

Translation: Do you have vegetarian food?

In summary, 'ghazā' is the essential building block for any conversation involving dining, health, or hospitality. Its simplicity belies its cultural weight, as it represents the shared human experience of eating together. As you progress in your Persian studies, you will find this word appearing in idioms, proverbs, and complex grammatical structures, but its core meaning as 'food' will always be your guide.

Using the word غذا in a sentence is relatively simple because it functions as a standard noun. However, the verbs you pair it with are crucial for sounding natural. The most common verb is khordan (to eat). In Persian, you don't just 'have' a meal; you 'eat food.' For example, 'I am eating food' is 'Man dāram ghazā mikhoram.' This structure is used for breakfast, lunch, and dinner alike. Another essential verb is pokhtan (to cook) or the more common compound verb dorost kardan (to make/prepare).

Verb Pairings: Common verbs include: khordan (eat), pokhtan (cook), dorost kardan (make), sefāresh dādan (order), and keshidan (to serve/pour food onto a plate).

من ترجیح می‌دهم غذای خانگی بخورم.

Translation: I prefer to eat home-cooked food.

When describing food, you will often use adjectives following the 'Ezafe' construction (adding a short 'e' sound to the end of the noun). For instance, 'delicious food' is 'ghazā-ye khoshmazeh.' If you want to say 'healthy food,' it is 'ghazā-ye sālem.' This grammatical rule is vital: the noun 'ghazā' takes the 'e' sound, and then the adjective follows. This is how you build descriptive phrases like 'ghazā-ye tond' (spicy food) or 'ghazā-ye garm' (hot food).

Descriptive Phrases: Using the Ezafe: ghazā-ye (food of) + adjective. Example: ghazā-ye irāni (Persian food).

این رستوران غذاهای متنوعی دارد.

Translation: This restaurant has a variety of foods.

In a restaurant setting, you might use 'ghazā' to ask for the menu or to inquire about the ingredients. 'Ghazā-ye emruz chist?' (What is today's food/special?) is a common question. If you are at a friend's house, you might say 'Dastet dard nakoneh barāye ghazā' (May your hand not ache for the food), which is a beautiful way of saying thank you for the meal. The word is also used in the negative: 'Ghazā nadārim' (We don't have food/The food is finished).

Quantity and Portions: You can use 'ghazā' with quantifiers: 'kami ghazā' (a little food), 'meghdāri ghazā' (some food), or 'ghazā-ye ziād' (a lot of food).

لطفاً کمی غذا برای من بیاورید.

Translation: Please bring me some food.

بوی غذا در تمام خانه پیچیده است.

Translation: The smell of food has filled the whole house.

Finally, remember that 'ghazā' can also mean 'nourishment' in a broader sense. In academic or health-related discussions, you might hear about 'ghazā-ye ruh' (food for the soul), referring to music, art, or literature. This shows how the word moves from the physical plate to the metaphorical realm, yet always retaining its core identity as something that sustains and enriches life.

The word غذا is ubiquitous in Iranian life. You will hear it the moment you step into a Persian home, a restaurant, or even a grocery store. It is the heartbeat of the 'Bazaar' and the 'Sofreh.' In a domestic setting, the most common question a child asks a parent is 'Ghazā chi dārim?' (What food do we have? / What's for dinner?). This simple phrase is heard millions of times a day across Persian-speaking households in Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan.

In the Kitchen: Conversations about recipes, ingredients, and the timing of the meal always revolve around 'ghazā.' You'll hear 'Ghazā hāzer ast!' (Food is ready!).

بچه‌ها، بیایید! غذا حاضر است.

Translation: Kids, come! The food is ready.

In public spaces, especially restaurants (resturān) and traditional eating houses (ghahveh-khāneh), the word is everywhere. Menus are divided into 'ghazā-hā-ye daryāyi' (seafood), 'ghazā-hā-ye sonnati' (traditional foods), and 'fast food' (often called 'ghazā-ye hāzeri'). Waiters will ask, 'Ghazā-ye digari meyl dārid?' (Would you like any other food?). On the streets, you might see signs for 'Aghziyeh' (the Arabic plural of ghazā, used for snack bars or delis), which is a more formal but common sight in urban Iran.

In the Media: Cooking shows are extremely popular in Iran. Hosts constantly use 'ghazā' when explaining techniques or the history of a dish.

امروز در محله غذای نذری پخش می‌کنند.

Translation: Today they are distributing 'nazri' food in the neighborhood.

Social media has also amplified the use of this word. 'Foodies' on Instagram or Telegram use hashtags like #ghazā_ye_irāni or #ghazā_ye_khoshmazeh to share photos of their meals. In these digital spaces, the word is often associated with aesthetics and lifestyle. You'll hear influencers talk about 'ghazā-ye sālem' (healthy food) or 'ghazā-ye ghyāhi' (vegan food), reflecting modern global trends within a Persian linguistic framework.

In Literature and Songs: While poetry often uses more metaphorical terms, modern songs and prose use 'ghazā' to ground the narrative in everyday reality, often symbolizing home and comfort.

هیچ غذایی جای دست‌پخت مادر را نمی‌گیرد.

Translation: No food can replace mother's cooking.

کیفیت غذای این دانشگاه خوب است.

Translation: The quality of this university's food is good.

Whether you are listening to a news report about food prices or a grandmother telling a story, 'ghazā' is the thread that connects these diverse experiences. It is a word that is heard with the ears but felt in the stomach and the heart, representing the universal need for nourishment and the specific Persian joy of sharing a meal.

While غذا is a basic word, learners often make a few common errors. The first is related to its Arabic origin and the silent 'ayn' or 'hamza' at the end. In Persian, the final letter is often written but not strongly pronounced as a glottal stop, unlike in Arabic. Some learners try to over-pronounce the end, which can sound unnatural. The standard pronunciation is simply 'ghazā,' ending with a long 'ā' sound.

Confusing with 'Khorāk': Learners often ask when to use 'ghazā' versus 'khorāk.' 'Ghazā' is the general word for a meal. 'Khorāk' can mean food in general, but it often refers to a specific type of dish (like a stew without rice) or animal feed.

اشتباه: من برای سگم غذا خریدم. (بهتر است: خوراک یا دانه)

Translation: Mistake: I bought 'ghazā' for my dog. (Better: 'khorāk' or 'dāne'). While not strictly wrong, 'ghazā' usually implies human meals.

Another common mistake involves the pluralization. While 'ghazā-hā' is the standard Persian plural, you will sometimes see 'aghdhiyeh' (اغذیه) on signs. Learners might try to use 'aghdhiyeh' in conversation, but this sounds overly formal and archaic. Stick to 'ghazā-hā' for everyday speech. Additionally, remember that 'ghazā' is a noun, not a verb. You cannot say 'I am fooding'; you must use the compound verb 'ghazā khordan.'

The Ezafe Trap: Forgetting the 'e' sound when adding an adjective. Saying 'ghazā khoshmazeh' instead of 'ghazā-ye khoshmazeh' is a very common beginner error.

اشتباه: غذا خوردن من. (درست: من غذا می‌خورم)

Translation: Mistake: Food eating me. (Correct: I eat food). Word order is key.

Furthermore, be careful with the word 'ghazā' and 'ghazā' (قضا). They sound identical but 'ghazā' with a 'Qaf' (ق) refers to fate or destiny, or missing a religious obligation (like a prayer). Context usually makes it clear, but in writing, the spelling is different. Using the wrong spelling in a text message can change 'delicious food' into 'delicious fate,' which might be poetic but confusing!

Verb Tense Confusion: Learners sometimes forget to conjugate 'khordan' correctly. 'Man ghazā khord' is wrong; it must be 'Man ghazā khordam.'

اشتباه: او غذا پختن است. (درست: او غذا می‌پزد)

Translation: Mistake: He is food cooking. (Correct: He is cooking food). Use the present continuous or simple present.

اشتباه: این غذا خیلی گرم است. (Context: If you mean spicy, use 'tond' not 'garm')

Translation: Mistake: This food is very hot (temperature). If you mean spicy, use 'tond.'

By paying attention to these nuances—spelling, verb conjugation, and the Ezafe—you will avoid the most common pitfalls and use 'ghazā' like a native speaker. Remember that practice with real sentences is the best way to internalize these rules.

While غذا is the most common word for food, Persian offers several alternatives depending on the register and context. Understanding these can help you sound more sophisticated and precise. The most frequent alternative is khorāk. While 'ghazā' usually refers to a complete meal, 'khorāk' can refer to the substance of food itself or a specific dish that is often eaten with bread rather than rice.

Khorāk (خوراک): Used for: General food, animal feed, or specific dishes like 'Khorāk-e Morgh' (Chicken dish). It feels slightly more 'substance-oriented' than 'meal-oriented.'

ما برای پرندگان خوراک ریختیم.

Translation: We poured food (feed) for the birds.

Another word is ta'ām (طعام). This is a formal, Arabic-derived word often found in literature, religious texts, or very high-end restaurant menus. You wouldn't use it at home with your family, but you might see it in a poem or a classical story. Then there is rizq (رزق), which means 'sustenance' or 'daily bread.' It has a spiritual connotation, referring to the food provided by God.

Ta'ām vs. Ghazā: Ghazā: Everyday meal. Ta'ām: Formal/Literary nourishment. Use Ghazā in 99% of cases.

آیا چیز خوردنی در یخچال هست؟

Translation: Is there anything to eat (edible) in the fridge?

For specific meals, we use different words entirely: sobhāneh (breakfast), nahār (lunch), and shām (dinner). While these are all types of 'ghazā,' you usually use their specific names when referring to the time of day. For example, 'Shām chi dārim?' is more common than 'Ghazā-ye shām chi dārim?'. There is also mā'edeh (مائده), a poetic word for a heavenly feast or a table laden with food.

Comparison Table

Ghazā: Standard, universal.
Khorāk: Substance, dish, feed.
Ta'ām: Formal, literary.
Khordani: Informal, 'something to eat.'

خداوند به ما رزق و روزی می‌دهد.

Translation: God gives us sustenance and daily bread.

او برای یک لقمه نان سخت کار می‌کند.

Translation: He works hard for a morsel of bread (food).

In conclusion, while 'ghazā' is your primary tool, knowing these alternatives allows you to navigate different social layers and literary textures of the Persian language. Whether you are reading a 13th-century poem or ordering a sandwich in Tehran, you now have the vocabulary to understand exactly what is being served.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In classical Arabic, 'ghadhā' was distinct from 'ta'ām' (meal), but in Persian, 'ghazā' became the general word for any meal. Interestingly, the Persian word 'khorāk' is the native equivalent, but 'ghazā' is now more frequently used in urban centers.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ɡæˈzɑː/

US /ɡəˈzɑ/

The stress is on the second syllable: gha-ZĀ.

Rime avec

فضا (fazā - space) عزا (azā - mourning) قضا (ghazā - fate) رضا (rezā - satisfaction) شفا (shafā - healing) جفا (jafā - cruelty) وفا (vafā - loyalty) صدا (sedā - sound)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'gh' as a simple English 'g'.
Making the first 'a' too long.
Adding a glottal stop at the end (Arabic style) which is not common in modern Persian speech.
Confusing the spelling with 'ghazā' (destiny).
Pronouncing it as 'ghaza' with a short final vowel.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 1/5

The word is short and uses basic letters. Very easy to recognize.

Écriture 2/5

Requires knowing the 'ghayn' and 'zal' letters, which can be tricky for beginners.

Expression orale 2/5

The 'gh' sound requires some practice for English speakers.

Écoute 1/5

Very distinct sound, usually easy to pick out in a sentence.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

نان (Bread) آب (Water) خوردن (To eat) خوب (Good) من (I)

Apprends ensuite

رستوران (Restaurant) آشپزخانه (Kitchen) خوشمزه (Delicious) گرسنه (Hungry) سیر (Full/Satiated)

Avancé

تغذیه (Nutrition) متابولیسم (Metabolism) آشپزی (Culinary arts) قحطی (Famine) مائده (Heavenly feast)

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

غذایِ خوشمزه (Delicious food) - The 'e' sound connects the noun and adjective.

Compound Verbs

غذا خوردن (To eat) - 'Ghazā' is the noun part of the compound verb.

Pluralization with -hā

غذاها (Foods) - Adding '-hā' is the standard way to make it plural.

Object Marker 'rā'

من غذا را خوردم (I ate the food) - 'rā' indicates 'ghazā' is the definite object.

Subjunctive with 'bāyad'

باید غذا بخورم (I must eat food) - The verb 'khordan' changes to subjunctive after 'bāyad'.

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Exemples par niveau

من غذا می‌خورم.

I am eating food.

Subject + Object + Verb (Present Continuous/Simple)

این غذا خوشمزه است.

This food is delicious.

Demonstrative pronoun + Noun + Adjective + Linking verb

آیا غذا داری؟

Do you have food?

Question form using the verb 'dāshtan' (to have).

غذا کجاست؟

Where is the food?

Noun + Interrogative 'kojāst' (where is).

من غذا دوست دارم.

I like food.

Subject + Object + Verb 'dust dāshtan' (to like).

غذا داغ است.

The food is hot.

Noun + Adjective + Linking verb.

بیا غذا بخوریم.

Let's eat food.

Imperative/Hortative form 'biā' + Subjunctive verb.

غذا تمام شد.

The food is finished.

Noun + Compound verb 'tamām shodan' (to finish).

من دیروز غذای ایرانی پختم.

I cooked Persian food yesterday.

Past tense of 'pokhtan' with Ezafe construction.

او همیشه غذای سالم می‌خورد.

He always eats healthy food.

Adverb of frequency + Ezafe construction.

ما برای شام غذا سفارش دادیم.

We ordered food for dinner.

Compound verb 'sefāresh dādan' in the past tense.

این غذا کمی تند است.

This food is a bit spicy.

Use of 'kami' (a little) as a quantifier.

مادرم بهترین غذاها را درست می‌کند.

My mother makes the best foods.

Superlative adjective + Plural noun.

آیا شما غذای گیاهی دارید؟

Do you have vegetarian food?

Formal 'shomā' + Ezafe construction.

بوی غذا عالی است.

The smell of the food is great.

Noun + Ezafe + Noun (Smell of food).

من قبل از غذا دست‌هایم را می‌شویم.

I wash my hands before food (the meal).

Prepositional phrase 'ghabl az' (before).

اگر گرسنه هستی، برویم غذا بخوریم.

If you are hungry, let's go eat food.

Conditional sentence (Type 1).

پیدا کردن غذای خوب در این شهر راحت است.

Finding good food in this city is easy.

Gerund (Infinitive used as a noun) as subject.

او ترجیح می‌دهد غذای خانگی به محل کار ببرد.

He prefers to take home-cooked food to work.

Verb 'tarjih dādan' + Subjunctive.

کیفیت غذا در این رستوران کاهش یافته است.

The quality of food in this restaurant has decreased.

Present perfect tense.

بسیاری از مردم به غذای ارگانیک علاقه دارند.

Many people are interested in organic food.

Prepositional phrase 'be ... alāghe dāshtan'.

باید برای مهمانی غذای زیادی تهیه کنیم.

We must prepare a lot of food for the party.

Modal verb 'bāyad' + Subjunctive.

این غذا حاوی مقدار زیادی ویتامین است.

This food contains a large amount of vitamins.

Scientific/Formal vocabulary 'hāvi' (containing).

او درباره تاریخچه غذاهای ایرانی تحقیق می‌کند.

He is researching the history of Persian foods.

Compound verb 'tahghigh kardan'.

فرهنگ هر کشور را می‌توان از طریق غذاهایش شناخت.

One can know the culture of any country through its foods.

Passive voice / Impersonal 'mi-tavān'.

کمبود غذا یکی از بزرگترین چالش‌های جهان امروز است.

Food shortage is one of the greatest challenges of today's world.

Superlative adjective and complex noun phrases.

او با مهارت خاصی غذا را تزیین کرد.

She decorated the food with a special skill.

Adverbial phrase 'bā mahārat-e khās'.

صنعت غذا در سال‌های اخیر رشد چشمگیری داشته است.

The food industry has had significant growth in recent years.

Present perfect with an adjective modifying the noun 'roshd'.

مصرف بیش از حد غذای چرب برای قلب مضر است.

Excessive consumption of fatty food is harmful to the heart.

Formal vocabulary: 'masraf' (consumption), 'mozerr' (harmful).

آن‌ها برای توزیع غذا بین نیازمندان داوطلب شدند.

They volunteered to distribute food among the needy.

Compound verb 'dāvolat shodan' (to volunteer).

این سرآشپز در ترکیب طعم‌های مختلف در غذا استاد است.

This chef is a master at combining different flavors in food.

Prepositional phrase 'dar tarkib-e' (in combining).

غذاهای فرآوری شده معمولاً مواد نگهدارنده زیادی دارند.

Processed foods usually have many preservatives.

Passive participle 'farāvari shodeh' (processed).

غذا در ادبیات کلاسیک فارسی نمادی از بخشش و کرم است.

Food in classical Persian literature is a symbol of generosity and bounty.

Abstract noun usage and symbolic interpretation.

امنیت غذایی به معنای دسترسی پایدار همه افراد به غذای کافی است.

Food security means sustainable access for all individuals to sufficient food.

Technical/Academic definition structure.

او در مقاله خود به بررسی رابطه بین غذا و هویت ملی پرداخته است.

In his article, he examined the relationship between food and national identity.

Formal verb 'pardākhtan' used to indicate engaging in an action.

تنوع اقلیمی ایران منجر به پیدایش طیف گسترده‌ای از غذاهای محلی شده است.

Iran's climatic diversity has led to the emergence of a wide range of local foods.

Causal structure 'monjar be ... shodan'.

رعایت آداب غذا خوردن در محافل رسمی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است.

Observing dining etiquette in formal circles is of high importance.

Formal expression 'az ahammiyat-e bālāyi barkhordār ast'.

برخی معتقدند که موسیقی، غذای روح است.

Some believe that music is food for the soul.

Metaphorical usage in a philosophical context.

تحریم‌ها تأثیر مستقیمی بر قیمت مواد غذایی اولیه داشته‌اند.

Sanctions have had a direct impact on the price of basic food items.

Political/Economic context with plural 'mavād-e ghazāyi'.

نویسنده با توصیف دقیق غذا، فضای داستان را ملموس‌تر کرده است.

By precisely describing the food, the author has made the story's atmosphere more tangible.

Literary analysis using 'malmus-tar' (more tangible).

تجلی مفاهیم عرفانی را می‌توان در سفره و غذای صوفیان جستجو کرد.

The manifestation of mystical concepts can be sought in the 'sofreh' and food of the Sufis.

Highly formal/Academic structure with mystical vocabulary.

غذا در این اثر سینمایی، استعاره‌ای از عطش سیری‌ناپذیر بشر برای قدرت است.

Food in this cinematic work is a metaphor for humanity's insatiable thirst for power.

Metaphorical and critical analysis.

ساختارشکنی در هنرهای آشپزی مدرن، تعریف سنتی ما از غذا را به چالش می‌کشد.

Deconstruction in modern culinary arts challenges our traditional definition of food.

Contemporary academic/artistic terminology.

پیچیدگی‌های زبانی در اصطلاحات مربوط به غذا، بازتابی از تاریخ پرفراز و نشیب منطقه است.

Linguistic complexities in food-related terms are a reflection of the region's turbulent history.

Sociolinguistic analysis.

او با ظرافتی بی‌نظیر، طعم‌های فراموش‌شده را در غذاهای خود احیا می‌کند.

With unique delicacy, he revives forgotten flavors in his foods.

Nuanced description of skill and restoration.

عدالت در توزیع منابع غذایی، سنگ بنای ثبات سیاسی در جوامع مدرن محسوب می‌شود.

Justice in the distribution of food resources is considered the cornerstone of political stability in modern societies.

Political philosophy and formal passive 'mahsūb mi-shavad'.

تأثیر متقابل فرهنگ‌های غذایی در جاده ابریشم، نمونه‌ای اعلا از تبادل فرهنگی است.

The reciprocal influence of food cultures on the Silk Road is a prime example of cultural exchange.

Historical and cultural synthesis.

واکاوی پیوند میان غذا و حافظه جمعی، دریچه‌ای نو به سوی مردم‌شناسی ایران می‌گشاید.

Analyzing the link between food and collective memory opens a new window toward the anthropology of Iran.

Advanced academic terminology: 'vākāvi' (analysis/probing).

Collocations courantes

غذای خوشمزه

غذای سالم

غذای خانگی

پختن غذا

سفارش غذا

غذای تند

غذای دریایی

غذای آماده

میز غذا

غذای کمکی

Phrases Courantes

غذا حاضر است

— The food is ready. Used to call people to the table.

بچه‌ها بیایید، غذا حاضر است!

غذا خوردن

— To eat food. The standard way to say 'to have a meal.'

ما ساعت هشت غذا می‌خوریم.

غذای محلی

— Local or traditional food from a specific region.

در شمال ایران غذاهای محلی متنوعی وجود دارد.

غذای گیاهی

— Vegetarian food. Essential for modern dining.

آیا در منوی شما غذای گیاهی هم هست؟

دستت درد نکنه بابت غذا

— Thank you for the food. Literally: 'May your hand not ache.'

ممنون مامان، دستت درد نکنه بابت غذا.

غذای حضرتی

— Food distributed at holy shrines, considered blessed.

زائران از غذای حضرتی تبرک جستند.

غذای نذری

— Votive food distributed for free during religious ceremonies.

در ماه محرم غذای نذری زیادی پخش می‌شود.

غذای اصلی

— The main course of a meal.

غذای اصلی ما کباب کوبیده بود.

پیش‌غذا

— Appetizer or starter.

ما سوپ را به عنوان پیش‌غذا خوردیم.

غذای سرد

— Cold food, such as sandwiches or salads.

در پیک‌نیک معمولاً غذای سرد می‌خوریم.

Souvent confondu avec

غذا vs قضا (Ghazā)

Spelled with 'Qaf' (ق) and 'Zad' (ض). It means fate, destiny, or missing a religious duty. It sounds identical to 'food' in most dialects.

غذا vs غزل (Ghazal)

A form of Persian poetry. Beginners might confuse the sounds 'ghazā' and 'ghazal' if listening quickly.

غذا vs غزا (Ghazā)

Spelled with 'Ghayn' (غ) and 'Zal' (ز) and 'Alef' (ا). An archaic word for 'war' or 'battle' (usually religious). Very rare today.

Expressions idiomatiques

"غذا خوردن با اشتها"

— To eat with a good appetite. Used to describe someone enjoying their food.

او همیشه با اشتها غذا می‌خورد.

Neutral

"غذای روح"

— Food for the soul. Refers to things like music, art, or meditation.

موسیقی کلاسیک غذای روح من است.

Literary/Metaphorical

"لقمه از دهان خود گرفتن و به دیگری دادن"

— To take food from one's own mouth and give it to another. Symbolizes extreme self-sacrifice.

مادر لقمه از دهان خود می‌گرفت و به فرزندانش می‌داد.

Idiomatic/Emotional

"نمک‌گیر شدن"

— To become indebted to someone after eating their food (salt). A key concept in Persian hospitality.

من با خوردن غذای شما نمک‌گیر شدم.

Cultural/Informal

"سفره‌دار بودن"

— To be hospitable. Literally 'to keep a table spread.'

او مردی بخشنده و سفره‌دار است.

Formal/Respectful

"شکم‌چران"

— Gluttonous or someone who only cares about eating.

او آدم شکم‌چرانی است و فقط به فکر غذاست.

Informal/Derogatory

"آش دهن‌سوزی نبودن"

— Not being anything special. Literally 'not being a soup that burns the mouth.'

آن فیلم هم آش دهن‌سوزی نبود.

Informal/Idiomatic

"کاسه داغ‌تر از آش"

— To be more Catholic than the Pope. Literally 'the bowl being hotter than the soup.'

او در این موضوع کاسه داغ‌تر از آش شده است.

Informal/Idiomatic

"آشپز که دوتا شد، آش یا شور می‌شود یا بی‌نمک"

— Too many cooks spoil the broth.

در این پروژه همه می‌خواهند رئیس باشند؛ آشپز که دوتا شد...

Proverb

"روزی‌خور بودن"

— To be a living being that receives sustenance from God.

همه ما روزی‌خور سفره الهی هستیم.

Religious/Formal

Facile à confondre

غذا vs خوراک (Khorāk)

Both mean food.

Ghazā is a meal; Khorāk is the substance or a specific dish. Khorāk is also used for animal feed.

من غذا خوردم (I ate a meal) vs. این خوراک مرغ است (This is a chicken dish).

غذا vs طعام (Ta'ām)

Both mean food.

Ta'ām is very formal and Arabic-sounding. Ghazā is the standard word.

طعام لذیذ (Formal) vs. غذای خوشمزه (Neutral).

غذا vs رزق (Rizq)

Both relate to eating.

Rizq is spiritual sustenance provided by God. Ghazā is the physical food on your plate.

خدا رزق ما را می‌دهد (God gives us sustenance).

غذا vs نان (Nān)

Sometimes used to mean food.

Nān literally means bread, but in idioms, it means 'livelihood' or 'food' in general.

او دنبال یک لقمه نان است (He is looking for a morsel of food/livelihood).

غذا vs مائده (Mā'edeh)

Both mean food.

Mā'edeh is poetic and refers to a 'spread' or 'feast,' often heavenly.

مائده آسمانی (Heavenly feast).

Structures de phrases

[Subject] [Ghazā] [Verb: Khordan]

من غذا می‌خورم.

[Ghazā] [Adjective] [Verb: Ast]

غذا خوب است.

[Subject] [Ghazā-ye Adjective] [Verb: Pokhtan]

او غذای تند پخت.

[Subject] [Time] [Ghazā] [Verb: Sefāresh dādan]

ما دیشب غذا سفارش دادیم.

[Subject] [Tarjih dādan] [Ghazā] [Subjunctive Verb]

من ترجیح می‌دهم غذای سالم بخورم.

[Ghazā-ye Adjective] [Barāye] [Noun] [Mofid/Mozerr ast]

غذای چرب برای قلب مضر است.

[Noun Phrase] [Monjar be] [Ghazā] [Shodan]

این اتفاق منجر به کمبود غذا شد.

[Abstract Noun] [Dar] [Ghazā] [Tajalli yāftan]

هنر در تزیین غذا تجلی می‌یابد.

Famille de mots

Noms

تغذیه (taghziyeh - nutrition)

اغذیه (aghziyeh - foods/delicatessen)

غذاخوری (ghazā-khuri - dining room/eatery)

پیش‌غذا (pish-ghazā - appetizer)

Verbes

غذا خوردن (ghazā khordan - to eat)

غذا پختن (ghazā pokhtan - to cook)

تغذیه کردن (taghziyeh kardan - to nourish)

Adjectifs

غذایی (ghazāyi - related to food/dietary)

مغذی (moghazzi - nutritious)

Apparenté

سفره (sofreh - tablecloth/meal setting)

رستوران (resturān - restaurant)

آشپزخانه (āshpaz-khāneh - kitchen)

خوراک (khorāk - food/dish)

نوشیدنی (nushidani - drink)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely high; one of the top 100 most used nouns in Persian.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'ghazā' for animal feed. → Using 'khorāk' or 'dāne'.
'Ghazā' usually implies human meals. While people will understand you, 'khorāk' is more appropriate for animals.
Saying 'ghazā khoshmazeh' without the Ezafe. → Saying 'ghazā-ye khoshmazeh'.
In Persian, nouns and adjectives must be connected by the 'e' sound (Ezafe).
Pronouncing the final 'ā' as a short 'a'. → Pronouncing it as a long, deep 'ā'.
The final vowel is an 'Alef', which is always long in Persian. Shortening it can change the meaning or sound like a different dialect.
Confusing 'ghazā' (food) with 'ghazā' (fate) in writing. → Using 'غذا' for food and 'قضا' for fate.
They sound the same but are spelled differently. 'Ghazā' (food) starts with 'Ghayn' (غ) and has a 'Zal' (ذ).
Using 'ghazā' as a verb (e.g., 'man ghazāyam'). → Using 'man ghazā mikhoram'.
'Ghazā' is a noun. You must use it with a verb like 'khordan' (to eat).

Astuces

Master the Ezafe

Never forget the 'e' sound (Ezafe) when adding an adjective to 'ghazā'. It's 'ghazā-ye khoshmazeh', not 'ghazā khoshmazeh'. This is the most common mistake for beginners.

Hospitality and Ta'arof

If someone offers you 'ghazā', they might be doing 'Ta'arof'. It's polite to decline once or twice before accepting. If you are the host, you must insist several times!

Use Specific Meal Names

While 'ghazā' is great, using 'sobhāneh' (breakfast), 'nahār' (lunch), and 'shām' (dinner) will make you sound much more like a native speaker.

The 'Gh' Sound

Don't pronounce 'gh' like a hard 'g'. It's a soft, throaty sound. If you can't get it perfectly, a soft 'g' is better than a harsh 'k'.

Spelling Matters

Be careful with the 'zal' (ذ) in 'ghazā'. If you use 'ze' (ز) or 'zad' (ض), you are writing a different word entirely.

Thanking the Cook

Always say 'Dastet dard nakoneh' after a meal. It's the most appreciated way to thank someone for the 'ghazā' they prepared.

Context is King

If you hear 'ghazā' in a religious context, think of 'nazri' (charity food). In a restaurant, think of the 'menu'. Context helps you understand the nuance.

Compound Verbs

Learn 'ghazā' as part of phrases like 'ghazā khordan' or 'ghazā pokhtan'. It's rare to use the word 'ghazā' all by itself.

Informal Eating

In very casual settings, people might say 'ye chizi bezanim' (let's hit something) instead of 'ghazā bokhorim'. It's cool, but use it only with friends!

Healthy Food

The term 'ghazā-ye sālem' is very popular now. Use it to talk about your diet or when looking for healthy options in a restaurant.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Ghazā' as 'Gaza' (the place), but imagine it's a giant 'Gaza' plate full of food. Or, think of 'Ghazā' sounding like 'Gosh, ah!'—what you say when you see delicious food.

Association visuelle

Imagine a large Persian 'sofreh' (cloth) spread on the floor, covered with plates of steaming rice and kebab. Write the word 'غذا' in the middle of that cloth.

Word Web

Rice (Berenj) Bread (Nān) Meat (Gusht) Kitchen (Āshpazkhāneh) Eat (Khordan) Cook (Pokhtan) Delicious (Khoshmazeh) Hungry (Gorosneh)

Défi

Try to use the word 'ghazā' in three different sentences today: one about what you ate, one about what you want to cook, and one about a restaurant you like.

Origine du mot

The word 'ghazā' is borrowed from the Arabic word 'ghadhā' (غذاء). In Arabic, it primarily means nourishment or that which sustains life. It entered the Persian language following the Islamic conquest and gradually replaced or supplemented native Persian words for food.

Sens originel : Nourishment, sustenance, or nutrient.

Semitic (Arabic) borrowed into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexte culturel

When discussing food in a Persian context, be mindful of Halal requirements (no pork or alcohol). Also, be aware of the etiquette of 'Ta'arof'—refusing food once or twice before accepting is common.

Unlike the English word 'food,' which can be very clinical, 'ghazā' in Persian almost always implies a prepared meal or a social event. You wouldn't usually call a raw apple 'ghazā' in a casual sense; you'd call it 'miveh' (fruit).

The 'Sofreh-ye Haft Sin' during Nowruz, though not all items are 'ghazā,' it is the most famous food-related display. Persian proverbs often use food metaphors, such as 'Bā halvā halvā goftan, dahan shirin nemishavad' (Saying 'halva' won't make the mouth sweet). The movie 'The Guest of Mom' (Mehmān-e Māman) is a famous Iranian film centered entirely around the struggle to provide 'ghazā' for unexpected guests.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

At Home

غذا چی داریم؟
غذا حاضر است.
میز غذا را بچین.
غذا خیلی شور است.

In a Restaurant

منو غذا را لطفاً بیاورید.
غذای پیشنهادی شما چیست؟
این غذا سرد است.
صورت‌حساب غذا چقدر می‌شود؟

At a Party

بفرمایید غذا میل کنید.
دست شما درد نکند، غذا عالی بود.
کمی بیشتر غذا بکشم؟
واقعاً از این غذا لذت بردم.

Health and Diet

من رژیم غذایی دارم.
این غذا چربی زیادی دارد.
باید غذای سالم بخورم.
او به این غذا حساسیت دارد.

Travel

کجا می‌توانیم غذای خوب پیدا کنیم؟
غذای این منطقه چیست؟
آیا این غذا حلال است؟
برای سفر کمی غذا بردار.

Amorces de conversation

"غذای مورد علاقه شما چیست؟ (What is your favorite food?)"

"آیا شما غذای تند دوست دارید؟ (Do you like spicy food?)"

"بهترین رستورانی که در این شهر می‌شناسید کجاست؟ (Where is the best restaurant you know in this city?)"

"آیا ترجیح می‌دهید در خانه غذا بخورید یا در رستوران؟ (Do you prefer to eat at home or in a restaurant?)"

"کدام غذای ایرانی را بیشتر دوست دارید؟ (Which Persian food do you like the most?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره بهترین غذایی که تا به حال خورده‌اید بنویسید. (Write about the best food you have ever eaten.)

چرا غذای خانگی از فست‌فود بهتر است؟ (Why is home-cooked food better than fast food?)

نقش غذا در فرهنگ شما چیست؟ (What is the role of food in your culture?)

یک دستور غذای ساده را به فارسی توضیح دهید. (Explain a simple food recipe in Persian.)

اگر می‌توانستید فقط یک نوع غذا تا آخر عمر بخورید، آن چه بود؟ (If you could eat only one type of food for the rest of your life, what would it be?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Persian does not have grammatical gender, so 'ghazā' is neither masculine nor feminine. You use the same adjectives and verbs regardless of the subject.

Most people just say 'fast food' (فست‌فود), but you can also hear 'ghazā-ye hāzeri' (ready food) or 'aghdhiyeh' for snack shops.

'Ghazā' is the general word for food or a meal. 'Nahār' specifically means 'lunch.' You can say 'Nahār yek ghazā-ye mohem ast' (Lunch is an important meal).

It is better to use 'khorāk' or 'dāne' (for birds) or 'alaf' (for livestock). Using 'ghazā' for animals sounds like you are treating them like humans, which is sometimes done for pets but is not standard.

The most common way is 'ghazā-ye khoshmazeh.' You can also say 'ghazā-ye laziz' for a more formal touch.

For English speakers, yes. It's like the French 'r' or the sound you make when gargling. Practice by saying 'gh' in the back of your throat with your vocal cords vibrating.

It refers to food that is prepared and distributed for free as a religious act of charity, usually during the months of Muharram and Safar.

The standard plural is 'ghazā-hā' (غذاها). In very formal or commercial contexts, you might see the Arabic plural 'aghdhiyeh' (اغذیه).

No, 'ghazā' is strictly a noun. To express the action, you must use a compound verb like 'ghazā khordan' (to eat) or 'ghazā pokhtan' (to cook).

'Pish' means 'before,' so 'pish-ghazā' is an appetizer or starter served before the main course.

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