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B1 adjective #8,000 le plus courant 9 min de lecture

گس

gos Top 8,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces گس en 30 secondes

Explication گس in your Level:

At the A1 level, you just need to know that گس (gos) is a word for a 'taste'. Think of it like 'sweet' or 'sour'. You will mostly use it for fruits. In Iran, the most famous fruit for this taste is the 'Khormaloo' (persimmon). If you eat a persimmon and it makes your mouth feel dry and funny, you say: 'In gos ast' (This is astringent). It is a very short and easy word to remember. Just remember it is different from 'bitter' (talkh) like coffee. A1 students should focus on using it in simple sentences like 'I don't like this taste' or 'Is this fruit gos?'. It is a practical word for the market.

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At the A2 level, you should start using گس (gos) with the Ezafe construction. Instead of just saying 'In gos ast', you can say 'Maze-ye gos' (The astringent taste). You can also start using it with common drinks like 'Chay' (tea). At this level, you should understand that 'gos' is often why people don't like unripe fruits. You can practice by saying things like 'Khormaloo-ye naras gos ast' (The unripe persimmon is astringent). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'Torsh' (sour) in basic conversations at the fruit shop.

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As a B1 learner, you can use گس (gos) to describe more complex flavors. You might discuss the tannins in wine or the specific strength of Iranian tea. You should be comfortable using the comparative form 'gos-tar' (more astringent). At this stage, you are expected to know that 'gos' isn't always a bad thing; in tea, a little bit of 'gosi' is actually preferred by many Iranians. You can also start to recognize the word in simple stories or cooking shows where the texture of food is being described in detail.

At the B2 level, you can explore the metaphorical uses of گس (gos). You might encounter it in modern Persian literature where it describes an atmosphere or a feeling—something that is sharp and perhaps a bit uncomfortable but deeply authentic. You should be able to explain the difference between 'talkh' (bitter) and 'gos' (astringent) in Persian to another learner. Your vocabulary should also include the noun form 'gosi' and you should be able to use it in more formal discussions about food science or culinary arts.

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C1 learners should have a nuanced understanding of گس (gos). You should understand how it fits into the broader spectrum of Persian sensory vocabulary, including its relationship with words like 'malas' (sweet and sour) and 'ghaliz' (thick/strong). You can use 'gos' to describe the 'dry' finish of a wine or the specific chemical reaction of tannins on the palate. In literature, you can analyze how authors use 'gos' to evoke specific autumnal moods or complex emotional states that are neither purely happy nor purely sad.

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At the C2 level, گس (gos) becomes a tool for precise and evocative expression. You can use it in academic writing about botany or food technology, or in high-level literary criticism. You understand the etymological roots and how the word has been used historically in Persian poetry versus modern prose. You can instinctively use the word in idioms or creative descriptions, such as 'the astringent smell of the earth after rain' or 'the astringent silence of an old house,' showing a mastery of how sensory words can be transferred across different domains of experience.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

گس en 30 secondes

Astringent taste/sensation.
Commonly used for unripe persimmons.
Describes the drying effect of tannins.
Different from bitter (talkh) and sour (torsh).

The Persian word گس (pronounced 'gos') describes a very specific sensory experience that is often difficult to translate with a single English word, though 'astringent' is the most accurate technical equivalent. It refers to that dry, puckering, or tongue-tying sensation you get when consuming certain foods rich in tannins. Imagine biting into a persimmon that isn't quite ripe yet, or drinking a cup of black tea that has been steeping for way too long. That physical reaction where the insides of your cheeks feel like they are shrinking and your tongue feels slightly rough? That is exactly what gos describes. In the Iranian culinary and linguistic landscape, this word is essential because it distinguishes a unique flavor profile from simple bitterness (talkh) or sourness (torsh).

The Botanical Context: In nature, the gos taste serves as a defense mechanism for plants. Unripe fruits contain high levels of tannins to discourage animals from eating them before the seeds are ready for dispersal. Iranians are particularly familiar with this through 'Khormaloo' (persimmon). A ripe persimmon is honey-sweet, but an unripe one is intensely گس, making it almost impossible to swallow.

این خرمالو هنوز نرسیده است و طعم گس دارد.
(This persimmon is not ripe yet and has an astringent taste.)

Beyond just fruit, gos is a hallmark of high-quality Iranian black tea. When tea is brewed perfectly, it shouldn't just be hot and brown; it should have a slight 'kick' or 'bite' that cleanses the palate. This is often referred to as 'chaye gos'. It is a desirable trait in tea, unlike in fruit where it usually implies unripeness. This duality makes the word fascinating—it can be a warning (don't eat this fruit yet) or a compliment (this tea is robust and authentic).

Metaphorical Usage: While primarily a literal descriptor for taste, gos sometimes finds its way into literature and poetry to describe experiences that are 'harsh but refreshing' or 'bittersweet.' A 'gos' smile might be one that is slightly forced or carries a hint of sadness, much like the physical sensation of the word itself—tight and restrictive yet distinct.

طعم گس چای تازه دم، خستگی را از تن بیرون می‌کند.
(The astringent taste of freshly brewed tea removes tiredness from the body.)

Cultural Significance: In Iranian culture, the transition of a fruit from gos to sweet is often seen as a metaphor for patience and maturity. The persimmon is the ultimate symbol here. You cannot rush a persimmon; if you do, the gos taste will punish your impatience. This teaches a subtle cultural lesson about waiting for the right moment.

من عاشق مزه گس گردوی تازه هستم.
(I love the astringent taste of fresh walnuts.)

Using the word گس correctly requires understanding its role as a descriptive adjective. In Persian grammar, adjectives typically follow the noun they modify, connected by an 'Ezafe' (the short '-e' sound). For example, 'astringent taste' becomes 'mazeh-ye gos'. It is a simple adjective, meaning it doesn't change form based on gender or number, making it relatively easy for English speakers to plug into sentences once the vocabulary is mastered.

Basic Adjectival Use: The most common way to use gos is directly after a food item or the word for 'taste' (mazeh). It functions just like 'blue' or 'big' would in a sentence structure. It describes the inherent quality of the object at that moment.

این شراب قرمز طعم گس و قوی دارد.
(This red wine has an astringent and strong taste.)

You can also use gos as a predicate adjective with the verb 'to be' (budan) or 'to taste/to have a taste' (dashtan). For instance, 'In miveh gos ast' (This fruit is astringent). This is the simplest way to express the concept in daily conversation. If you want to describe the sensation of your mouth becoming dry because of the fruit, you might use the verb 'shodan' (to become): 'Dahanam gos shod' (My mouth became puckered/astringent).

Degree and Intensity: To modify the intensity, you can use adverbs like 'kheyli' (very) or 'yakam' (a little). 'Kheyli gos' implies the fruit is completely inedible, while 'yakam gos' might describe a pleasant complexity in a drink like pomegranate juice or tea.

پوست انار بسیار گس است و نباید آن را خورد.
(Pomegranate skin is very astringent and should not be eaten.)

چای سبز اگر زیاد دم بکشد، گس می‌شود.
(If green tea steeps too long, it becomes astringent.)

Comparative Forms: Like other Persian adjectives, you can create the comparative by adding '-tar'. 'In khormaloo gos-tar az an yeki ast' (This persimmon is more astringent than that one). This is useful when comparing different batches of fruit or tea.

این خرمالو از قبلی هم گس‌تر است!
(This persimmon is even more astringent than the previous one!)

The word گس is a staple of everyday life in Iran, particularly because of the nation's deep love for fresh produce and tea. You are most likely to hear this word in three main settings: the kitchen, the fruit market (Bazaar), and in poetic or literary discussions about sensory experiences. It is not a rare or overly academic word; even children learn it early on when they accidentally bite into an unripe fruit.

At the Fruit Market (Miveh-Forushi): This is the primary 'habitat' for the word. Customers will often ask the vendor if the persimmons or grapes are 'gos'. A common interaction involves the vendor reassuring the customer: 'Na khanom/agha, aslan gos nist, mesle asal shirin ast!' (No ma'am/sir, it's not astringent at all, it's sweet like honey!).

میوه‌فروش گفت که این انگورها اصلا گس نیستند.
(The fruit seller said these grapes are not astringent at all.)

In the context of the Iranian tea culture (Chay-khaneh), gos is a term of connoisseurship. Tea experts and enthusiasts look for a specific level of 'gosi' in their brew. If you are watching a Persian cooking show or a documentary about the tea plantations in Gilan, you will hear the hosts describe the 'mazeh-ye gos' as a sign of high tannin content and quality. It’s part of the vocabulary of 'taste' that every Iranian household uses daily.

In Literature and Song Lyrics: Modern Persian poets and songwriters sometimes use 'gos' to describe the 'taste' of a memory or a look. It evokes a feeling that is sharp, real, and perhaps a bit painful but not necessarily bad. It’s the 'unripe' stage of an emotion. You might hear it in contemporary Iranian indie music or read it in a modern short story describing the atmosphere of a rainy afternoon.

صدای او طعمی گس و دلنشین داشت.
(His/Her voice had an astringent and pleasant 'taste'.)

چای شمال به خاطر مزه گس منحصر به فردش معروف است.
(Northern tea is famous for its unique astringent taste.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with گس is confusing it with other taste-related adjectives, specifically 'talkh' (bitter) and 'torsh' (sour). While these sensations often overlap in certain foods, they are linguistically and physically distinct in Persian. Understanding these nuances will make your Persian sound much more natural and precise.

Mistake 1: Using 'Talkh' instead of 'Gos': Bitter (talkh) is the taste of caffeine, dark chocolate, or medicine. It is sensed at the back of the tongue. 'Gos' is a texture-based sensation felt throughout the mouth. If you call an unripe persimmon 'talkh', a native speaker will understand you, but they will immediately know you are a learner because the sensation is definitely 'gos'.

اشتباه: این چای خیلی تلخ است. (وقتی منظورتان گسی چای است)
درست: این چای طعم گس خوبی دارد.
(Mistake: This tea is very bitter. Correct: This tea has a good astringent taste.)

Another common error is applying gos to things that are simply sour. Unripe grapes (ghooreh) are incredibly sour (torsh), but they can also be slightly gos. However, the dominant feature is the acidity. Learners often use 'gos' as a general word for 'unpleasant fruit taste,' but it should be reserved specifically for that tannin-induced puckering. If it makes your teeth cringe from acid, it's 'torsh'. If it makes your tongue feel like suede, it's 'gos'.

Mistake 2: Forgetting the Ezafe: When describing a 'gos taste,' many learners say 'mazeh gos.' In Persian, you must use the Ezafe: 'mazeh-ye gos.' Because 'mazeh' ends in a silent 'h' (which acts as a vowel 'e'), you need the 'ye' connector. Skipping this makes the sentence sound fragmented.

من از مزه گس خرمالو خوشم نمی‌آید.
(I don't like the astringent taste of persimmon.)

نباید طعم گس را با ترشی اشتباه گرفت.
(One should not mistake the astringent taste for sourness.)

While گس is quite unique, there are several words in the Persian 'flavor family' that you should know to describe food accurately. Understanding the differences between these will elevate your descriptive abilities from basic to advanced. These words often appear together in culinary descriptions or when someone is critiquing a meal.

Gos vs. Talkh (Astringent vs. Bitter): 'Talkh' refers to a sharp, pungent taste like that of medicine or dark coffee. 'Gos' is more about the physical sensation of dryness. Some things, like very strong tea, can be both 'talkh' and 'gos'. In such cases, Iranians might say 'talkh o gos' to describe a very heavy, dry brew.

این قهوه فقط تلخ است، اما این چای هم تلخ و هم گس است.
(This coffee is only bitter, but this tea is both bitter and astringent.)

Another related word is 'Torsh' (sour). As mentioned before, many 'gos' fruits are also 'torsh' when they are unripe. However, there is a specific word for 'sour and astringent' combined which is sometimes used in dialects, though 'gos o torsh' is the standard way to describe it. If a fruit is 'Malas', it means it is 'sweet and sour' (like a perfect pomegranate). 'Malas' is usually a positive attribute, whereas 'gos' is often (but not always) a sign that something isn't ready to eat.

Gosi (The Noun Form): The noun form of the word is 'Gosi' (astringency). You might hear this in more formal or technical contexts. 'Gosi-ye in miveh zyad ast' (The astringency of this fruit is high). This is a useful way to discuss the quality of the taste as an abstract concept.

گسی بیش از حد، نشانه نارس بودن میوه است.
(Excessive astringency is a sign of the fruit being unripe.)

او به دنبال چایی بود که گسی ملایمی داشته باشد.
(He was looking for a tea that had a mild astringency.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The word is so specific to the sensation of tannins that it is often cited by linguists as a word that captures a sensory experience better than many of its Western equivalents.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ɡɒs/

US /ɡɔːs/

Single syllable word; the stress is naturally on the entire word.

Rime avec

بس (Bas - enough) پس (Pas - then) کس (Kas - person) نفس (Nafas - breath) قفس (Ghafas - cage) هوس (Havas - desire) مگس (Magas - fly) نحس (Nahs - ominous - near rhyme)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing it like 'goose' (long 'u'). It should be a short 'o'.
Confusing the 'g' with a 'j' sound.
Adding an extra vowel at the end (e.g., 'gose').

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to read, only two letters.

Écriture 1/5

Very simple script.

Expression orale 3/5

Pronunciation is easy, but using it in the right context takes practice.

Écoute 3/5

Can be confused with 'gas' or 'kas' if not heard clearly.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

مزه شیرین تلخ ترش میوه

Apprends ensuite

خرمالو نارس رسیده تانن دبش

Avancé

قابض پلی‌فنول ارگانولپتیک مخاط

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction with Adjectives

طعمِ گس (maze-ye gos)

Comparative Adjectives

گس‌تر (gos-tar)

Superlative Adjectives

گس‌ترین (gos-tarin)

Adjective as Predicate

این میوه گس است.

Noun formation with -i

گسی (gosi)

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Exemples par niveau

این میوه گس است.

This fruit is astringent.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

آیا خرمالو گس است؟

Is the persimmon astringent?

Question form using 'Ayā'.

من مزه گس را دوست ندارم.

I don't like the astringent taste.

Direct object with 'ra'.

این چای کمی گس است.

This tea is a little astringent.

Using 'kami' (a little) as an adverb.

خرمالوی رسیده گس نیست.

A ripe persimmon is not astringent.

Negative form 'nist'.

چرا این انگور گس است؟

Why is this grape astringent?

Question word 'cherā'.

مزه گس یعنی چه؟

What does 'gos' taste mean?

Common phrase for asking meanings.

دهانم گس شد.

My mouth became dry/astringent.

Using 'shodan' (to become).

مزه گس خرمالو را حس می‌کنی؟

Do you feel the astringent taste of the persimmon?

Ezafe connecting 'mazeh' and 'gos'.

چای سبز گاهی طعم گس دارد.

Green tea sometimes has an astringent taste.

Frequency adverb 'gāhi'.

این میوه نارس و گس است.

This fruit is unripe and astringent.

Compound adjective 'nāras va gos'.

پوست گردوی تازه خیلی گس است.

The skin of fresh walnuts is very astringent.

Possessive Ezafe 'pust-e gerdu'.

آیا همه خرمالوها گس هستند؟

Are all persimmons astringent?

Plural subject and verb.

بعد از خوردن این میوه، دهانم گس می‌شود.

After eating this fruit, my mouth becomes astringent.

Present habitual tense.

بچه‌ها معمولاً طعم گس را دوست ندارند.

Children usually don't like the astringent taste.

Generalization with 'ma'mulan'.

این چای به خاطر گس بودن، خوشمزه است.

This tea is delicious because of being astringent.

Gerund form 'gos budan'.

این خرمالو از قبلی هم گس‌تر است.

This persimmon is even more astringent than the previous one.

Comparative 'gos-tar'.

اگر چای را زیاد بجوشانی، گس می‌شود.

If you boil the tea too much, it becomes astringent.

Conditional 'agar'.

من به دنبال میوه‌ای هستم که گس نباشد.

I am looking for a fruit that is not astringent.

Relative clause with 'ke'.

طعم گس این شراب نشان‌دهنده کیفیت آن است.

The astringent taste of this wine indicates its quality.

Present participle 'neshān-dahande'.

بعضی‌ها طعم گس چای را به شیرینی ترجیح می‌دهند.

Some people prefer the astringent taste of tea to sweetness.

Verb 'tarjih dādan' (to prefer).

گسی خرمالو با گذشت زمان از بین می‌رود.

The astringency of the persimmon disappears over time.

Noun form 'Gosi'.

انار نارس طعم بسیار گس و ترشی دارد.

Unripe pomegranate has a very astringent and sour taste.

Multiple adjectives.

چای سیاه ایرانی معمولاً کمی گس است.

Iranian black tea is usually a little astringent.

Cultural context sentence.

این فیلم طعم گس و واقع‌گرایانه‌ای داشت.

This movie had an astringent and realistic 'taste' (metaphorical).

Metaphorical usage of 'gos'.

شدت گسی این میوه زبان را بند می‌آورد.

The intensity of this fruit's astringency ties the tongue.

Idiomatic expression 'zabān rā band āvardan'.

تانن موجود در پوست انگور باعث ایجاد حس گس می‌شود.

The tannin in the grape skin causes the astringent sensation.

Technical vocabulary 'tānan'.

او با لبخندی گس به استقبال من آمد.

He/she welcomed me with an astringent (forced/bittersweet) smile.

Describing abstract nouns.

برای از بین بردن گسی خرمالو، باید آن را در دمای اتاق گذاشت.

To remove the astringency of the persimmon, it should be kept at room temperature.

Purpose clause with 'barāye'.

مزه گس چای سبز برای سلامتی مفید است.

The astringent taste of green tea is beneficial for health.

Adjective phrase as subject.

در این شعر، شاعر از واژه گس برای توصیف تنهایی استفاده کرده است.

In this poem, the poet used the word 'gos' to describe loneliness.

Literary analysis context.

آیا راهی برای کاهش گسی شراب قرمز وجود دارد؟

Is there a way to reduce the astringency of red wine?

Formal question structure.

تجربه تلخ و گس شکست، او را پخته‌تر کرد.

The bitter and astringent experience of failure made him more mature.

Abstract metaphorical usage.

تعادل بین شیرینی و گسی در این دسر بی‌نظیر است.

The balance between sweetness and astringency in this dessert is unique.

Using 'ta'ādol' (balance).

نویسنده با مهارتی خاص، فضای گس و سرد داستان را ترسیم می‌کند.

The author, with special skill, depicts the astringent and cold atmosphere of the story.

Advanced literary verb 'tarsim kardan'.

گسی بیش از حد می‌تواند نشانه وجود پلی‌فنول‌های خاصی باشد.

Excessive astringency can be a sign of the presence of certain polyphenols.

Scientific register.

او خاطرات گس دوران کودکی‌اش را در کتابش بازگو کرد.

He recounted the astringent memories of his childhood in his book.

Describing nostalgic/painful memories.

در چشمانش نگاهی گس و پرسش‌گر دیده می‌شد.

In his/her eyes, an astringent and questioning look could be seen.

Complex descriptive adjectives.

این میوه وحشی، گسیِ گزنده‌ای دارد که تا دقایق طولانی باقی می‌ماند.

This wild fruit has a stinging astringency that lasts for long minutes.

Using 'gazande' (stinging/biting).

فرهنگ ایرانی با طعم گس چای و خرمالو پیوند خورده است.

Iranian culture is intertwined with the astringent taste of tea and persimmons.

Passive construction 'peyvand khorde ast'.

در ساحتِ معنا، گس بودنِ کلام می‌تواند نشان از صداقتِ عریان باشد.

In the realm of meaning, the astringency of speech can indicate naked honesty.

Highly formal/philosophical register.

آنچه این اثر هنری را متمایز می‌کند، آن گسیِ نهفته در لایه‌های زیرین آن است.

What distinguishes this work of art is that latent astringency in its underlying layers.

Complex relative clause 'ānche... moshakhas mikonad'.

پدیدارشناسیِ طعم گس در ادبیات معاصر ایران، مبحثی درخور تأمل است.

The phenomenology of the astringent taste in contemporary Iranian literature is a topic worthy of reflection.

Academic terminology 'padidarshenāsi'.

او با لحنی که آمیخته‌ای از گسی و ملاطفت بود، سخن می‌گفت.

He spoke with a tone that was a mixture of astringency and tenderness.

Abstract noun combinations.

گسیِ پاییز در کوچه پس‌کوچه‌های تهران، حس نوستالژی غریبی بیدار می‌کند.

The astringency of autumn in the back alleys of Tehran awakens a strange sense of nostalgia.

Poetic personification.

ساختار شیمیایی تانن‌ها مسئول ایجاد آن قبض و گسی در مخاط دهان است.

The chemical structure of tannins is responsible for creating that contraction and astringency in the oral mucosa.

Medical/Biological register.

چای کهنه، گسیِ مطبوع خود را از دست داده و به تلخیِ زننده‌ای می‌گراید.

Old tea loses its pleasant astringency and tends toward a repulsive bitterness.

Sophisticated verb 'gerāyidan'.

در دیالکتیکِ میان شیرینی و گسی، حقیقتِ زندگی نهفته است.

In the dialectic between sweetness and astringency, the truth of life is hidden.

Philosophical abstraction.

Collocations courantes

طعم گس

خرمالوی گس

چای گس

حس گس

میوه گس

لبخند گس

خاطره گس

شراب گس

گس و تلخ

گس و ترش

Phrases Courantes

دهانم گس شد

— My mouth became dry/puckered from eating something astringent.

با خوردن خرمالو دهانم گس شد.

مزه گس دادن

— To have an astringent taste.

این چای مزه گس می‌دهد.

گسی را گرفتن

— To remove the astringency (usually of a fruit).

چطور گسی خرمالو را بگیریم؟

چای گس دبش

— A very high-quality, strong, and slightly astringent tea.

بفرمایید چای گس دبش.

از گسی افتادن

— To lose its astringency (becoming ripe).

خرمالوها بالاخره از گسی افتادند.

گسیِ زبان

— The roughness/dryness of the tongue.

گسی زبان بعد از خوردن گردو.

بوی گس

— A sharp, slightly acidic/dry smell (often of autumn leaves).

بوی گس پاییز در هوا بود.

نگاه گس

— A sharp, perhaps cold or bittersweet look.

نگاه گسی به من انداخت.

گس و نارس

— Astringent and unripe (standard pairing).

میوه‌های گس و نارس را نخور.

خیلی گس است

— It is very astringent.

این یکی خیلی گس است، نخور!

Souvent confondu avec

گس vs تلخ (Talkh)

Talkh is bitter (coffee); Gos is astringent (unripe fruit).

گس vs ترش (Torsh)

Torsh is sour (lemon); Gos is the drying sensation.

گس vs گس (Gas)

Gas is 'gas' (like oxygen or natural gas). The vowel sound is different (æ vs o).

Expressions idiomatiques

"مثل خرمالوی گس"

— Used to describe someone who is being difficult, unpleasant, or 'hard to swallow' at the moment.

امروز مثل خرمالوی گس شده‌ای!

Informal

"دهان‌گس‌کن"

— Something that puckers the mouth; often used for very sour or astringent snacks.

این لواشک دهان‌گس‌کن است.

Informal

"گس و گزنده"

— Describing words or a person that are sharp and hurt a bit, like astringency.

حرف‌هایش گس و گزنده بود.

Literary

"طعم گس حقیقت"

— The 'astringent taste of truth' - referring to a truth that is hard to accept but real.

او طعم گس حقیقت را چشید.

Literary

"خنده گس"

— A forced or unhappy smile that feels 'dry'.

فقط یک خنده گس تحویلم داد.

Neutral

"گس کردن فضا"

— To make the atmosphere awkward or 'tight'.

با حرفش فضا را گس کرد.

Informal

"عشق گس"

— A bittersweet, perhaps immature or difficult love.

عشق گس دوران نوجوانی.

Poetic

"روزگار گس"

— Hard, dry, or difficult times.

در این روزگار گس، صبور باش.

Poetic

"زبان گس"

— Sharp-tongued or speaking harshly.

مراقب زبان گس او باش.

Neutral

"میوه گس صبر"

— The idea that patience is hard/astringent at first but leads to sweetness.

صبر میوه‌ای گس دارد اما پایانش شیرین است.

Literary

Facile à confondre

گس vs گس (Gas)

Similar spelling in English transliteration.

Gas means gas/fuel; Gos means astringent. They have different vowels in Persian.

بوی گاز (Gas) میاد. / این خرمالو گس (Gos) است.

گس vs کس (Kas)

Rhyming and similar script.

Kas means 'person'.

هیچ کس (Kas) اینجا نیست.

گس vs بس (Bas)

Rhyming and similar script.

Bas means 'enough'.

دیگر بس (Bas) است.

گس vs گچ (Gach)

Visual similarity in script for beginners.

Gach means 'chalk' or 'plaster'.

دیوار گچی است.

گس vs گوش (Goosh)

Similar sound to untrained ears.

Goosh means 'ear'.

گوش من درد می‌کند.

Structures de phrases

این [اسم] گس است.

این خرمالو گس است.

من [اسم] گس دوست ندارم.

من چای گس دوست ندارم.

اگر [فعل]، دهانت گس می‌شود.

اگر این را بخوری، دهانت گس می‌شود.

[اسم] به خاطر طعم گسش معروف است.

این میوه به خاطر طعم گسش معروف است.

ترکیبی از [طعم] و گسی در آن حس می‌شود.

ترکیبی از شیرینی و گسی در آن حس می‌شود.

گسیِ نهفته در [اسم]، بیانگر [مفهوم] است.

گسیِ نهفته در کلامش، بیانگر صداقت اوست.

این [اسم] از آن یکی گس‌تر است.

این انار از آن یکی گس‌تر است.

آیا این [اسم] گس است؟

آیا این انگور گس است؟

Famille de mots

Noms

گسی (Gosi - Astringency)

Verbes

گس کردن (Gos kardan - To make astringent)

گس شدن (Gos shodan - To become astringent)

Adjectifs

گس (Gos - Astringent)

گس‌مزه (Gos-mazeh - Astringent-tasting)

Apparenté

خرمالو

تانن

نارس

چای

زبان

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in autumn and in tea-related discussions.

Erreurs courantes

Saying 'talkh' for an unripe persimmon. → Saying 'gos'.
Persimmons are rarely bitter; they are astringent.
Pronouncing it like 'goose'. → Pronouncing it like 'goss' in 'gossip'.
The vowel is a short 'o', not a long 'u'.
Omitting the Ezafe: 'mazeh gos'. → Using Ezafe: 'maze-ye gos'.
Nouns ending in 'e' require 'ye' as a connector.
Confusing 'gos' with 'gas' (fuel). → Paying attention to the vowel (o vs æ).
Gas is 'gāz' or 'gas' depending on context, but 'gos' is unique.
Using 'gos' for lemons. → Using 'torsh'.
Lemons are acidic (sour), not tannin-rich (astringent).

Astuces

The Autumn Word

Autumn in Iran is 'gos' season. Use this word when you see orange persimmons in the shops.

The Ezafe Rule

Always say 'maze-ye gos'. The 'ye' is crucial for sounding like a native.

Tea Talk

If you want to sound like a tea expert, compliment the 'gosi' (astringency) of a well-brewed cup.

Beyond Bitter

Stop using 'talkh' for everything unpleasant. If it dries your mouth, use 'gos'.

Market Tip

Ask the fruit seller 'In khormaloo gos nist?' to ensure you get ripe fruit.

Goose Association

Remember the Goose eating the Gos fruit. It's a simple visual that works.

Formal Contexts

In a doctor's office or a lab, you might hear 'ghābez' instead of 'gos'.

Metaphor Usage

Try using 'gos' to describe a bittersweet movie or a sad but beautiful song.

Short Vowel

Keep the 'o' short. If you say 'goos', people will think you mean 'ear' (goosh).

Gos vs Torsh

If it makes your teeth hurt, it's 'torsh'. If it makes your cheeks stick to your teeth, it's 'gos'.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Goose' biting a 'Gos' (astringent) persimmon and making a funny face. Gos = Goose + Persimmon.

Association visuelle

Imagine a dry, shriveled tongue or a hand squeezing a sponge dry. This is the physical sensation of 'gos'.

Word Web

Khormaloo Chay Tannan Dahan Zaban Naras Mazeh Pust

Défi

Go to a grocery store, find a persimmon, and describe its potential taste to yourself in Persian using 'gos' and 'shirin'.

Origine du mot

Rooted in Middle Persian (Pahlavi). It has been part of the Persian language for centuries, specifically used in agricultural and culinary contexts.

Sens originel : Rough, harsh to the taste, or contracting.

Indo-European -> Indo-Iranian -> Iranian -> Persian.

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral sensory word.

In English, we often just say 'bitter' or 'puckery', but 'astringent' is the technical word. 'Gos' is much more common in daily Persian than 'astringent' is in daily English.

Persian poetry often uses 'gos' to describe the 'unripe' nature of youth. Modern Iranian films often use 'gos' in titles to suggest a bittersweet realism. The 'Chaye Gos' of Gilan is a famous regional specialty.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Fruit Market

آیا گس است؟
خرمالوی شیرین می‌خواهم.
این‌ها هنوز گس هستند.
گسی‌اش رفته؟

Tea House

چای گس می‌پسندید؟
این چای خیلی گس شده.
کمی آب جوش بریز گسی‌اش کم شود.
عاشق چای گس هستم.

Cooking

چطور گسی را بگیریم؟
پوستش را بگیر چون گس است.
این گردو گس است.
مزه گس به غذا ندهد.

Wine Tasting

شراب با طعم گس.
تانن و گسی بالا.
پس‌مزه گس.
گسی متعادل.

Literature

فضای گس داستان.
لبخند گس قهرمان.
خاطرات گس.
پاییز گس.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا تا به حال خرمالوی گس خورده‌ای؟ (Have you ever eaten an astringent persimmon?)"

"چای را گس دوست داری یا ملایم؟ (Do you like tea astringent or mild?)"

"چطور می‌توان طعم گس میوه را از بین برد؟ (How can one remove the astringent taste of fruit?)"

"به نظر تو طعم گس در چای نشانه کیفیت است؟ (In your opinion, is the astringent taste in tea a sign of quality?)"

"کدام میوه به جز خرمالو طعم گس دارد؟ (Which fruit besides persimmon has an astringent taste?)"

Sujets d'écriture

اولین باری که طعم گس خرمالو را حس کردی توصیف کن. (Describe the first time you felt the astringent taste of a persimmon.)

چرا بعضی‌ها از طعم گس لذت می‌برند؟ (Why do some people enjoy the astringent taste?)

یک خاطره 'گس' از دوران مدرسه بنویس. (Write an 'astringent' memory from your school days.)

رابطه بین صبر و رسیدن میوه‌های گس را بنویس. (Write about the relationship between patience and the ripening of astringent fruits.)

تفاوت حس تلخی و گسی را به زبان خودت بنویس. (Write the difference between the feeling of bitterness and astringency in your own words.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

In unripe fruit, yes, it's usually unwanted. But in tea or wine, a little 'gos' is often seen as a sign of quality and depth. It depends on the food!

It is a short 'o', like in the English word 'hot' or 'gossip'. Don't stretch it into an 'oo' sound.

Usually no. Coffee is 'talkh' (bitter). Only use 'gos' if the coffee leaves a very dry, puckering sensation in your mouth.

Associate it with the persimmon (khormaloo). Iranians almost always think of persimmons when they hear 'gos'.

Yes, 'gos kardan'. For example: 'Over-steeping makes the tea gos' (Ziyad dam kardan, chay ra gos mikonad).

Metaphorically, yes. A 'gos' person might be someone who is blunt, harsh, or hard to deal with initially but perhaps honest.

Yes, it is the standard term for astringency in food science and botany.

As an adjective, it doesn't really have a plural form in common use. You describe plural things as 'gos' (e.g., in miveha gos hastand).

Usually 'shirin' (sweet) or 'reside' (ripe), as these are the states that replace astringency in fruit.

Very common! Every Iranian knows this word from childhood because of the country's abundance of persimmons.

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