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B1 adjective #8,000 le plus courant 8 min de lecture

کبیر

kabir Top 8,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces کبیر en 30 secondes

Explication کبیر in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'Kabir' very often. Think of it simply as a very formal way to say 'big' or 'grown-up.' You might see it in the name of a famous king like 'Cyrus the Great' (Kourosh-e Kabir). At this stage, focus on 'Bozorg' for big. Just remember that 'Kabir' is a special version of 'Bozorg' used for very important people or in very serious books. It's like the difference between saying 'a big man' and 'a great man.' A1 learners should recognize it as an adjective that describes someone who is not a child anymore. It is pronounced 'Ka-beer.'

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At the A2 level, you can start to distinguish between 'Bozorg' and 'Kabir.' You will encounter 'Kabir' in history lessons or when talking about famous Iranian landmarks and figures. For example, 'Amir Kabir' is a name you will see on many street signs. You should know that 'Kabir' means 'adult' in a formal way. If you see it in a text, it usually means the person is old enough to have responsibilities. You might also see it in the phrase 'Gonah-e Kabireh' in a cultural context, meaning a 'big mistake' or 'great sin.' It is more formal than 'Bozorgsal.'

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At the B1 level, you should understand the legal nuance of 'Kabir.' This word is the technical term for someone who has reached the 'age of majority.' If you are reading a news article about legal changes or a story about someone inheriting property, 'Kabir' will be used to show they are legally an adult. You should also be able to use it to describe historical 'Greats.' At this level, you should not use 'Kabir' for physical size (like a big car), but reserve it for 'greatness' of character or 'adult status' in law. It is the opposite of 'Saghir' (minor).

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using 'Kabir' in formal writing and understanding its abstract applications. You recognize that 'Kabir' implies a sense of completion or full development. In a sociological discussion, you might use 'Kabir' to refer to the legal transition into adulthood. You also understand its use in religious and philosophical texts to describe 'Great' concepts. You can distinguish between 'Kabir' (adult/great), 'Bālegh' (mature/pubescent), and 'Rashid' (mentally capable). Your usage should reflect the word's formal register, avoiding it in slang or casual speech.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep appreciation for the Arabic roots of 'Kabir' and how it functions in classical Persian literature. You can analyze texts where 'Kabir' is used to describe the vastness of the universe or the divine. You understand the complex legal implications of 'Kabir' in Iranian civil law, including how it interacts with the concept of 'Rosht' (maturity). You can use the word with precision in academic essays, perhaps discussing the 'Great Powers' (Qodrathaye Kabir) in history or the 'Great Sins' in ethical philosophy. You are sensitive to the rhythmic and formal weight the word adds to a sentence.

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At the C2 level, 'Kabir' is a tool for stylistic mastery. You use it to evoke historical grandeur or to provide absolute legal clarity. You are aware of its etymological connections to words like 'Kebriyā' (Grandeur/Majesty) and 'Takabbur' (Arrogance). You can use 'Kabir' in a variety of registers, from the highly technical language of jurisprudence to the evocative language of high poetry. You understand the subtle shift in meaning when 'Kabir' is used as a noun versus an adjective in classical contexts. Your command of the word allows you to use it to create a specific atmosphere of authority and tradition.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

کبیر en 30 secondes

Kabir is a formal Persian adjective meaning 'adult' or 'great.'
It is primarily used in legal, historical, and religious contexts.
In law, it refers to someone who has reached the age of majority.
Historically, it is a title like 'The Great' for famous kings.

The Persian word کبیر (Kabir) is a multifaceted adjective rooted in Arabic that carries a weight of formality, history, and legal precision. While its most common translation in modern conversational Persian might often be bypassed in favor of 'bozorg' (big/great), کبیر specifically denotes a state of being 'of age,' 'adult,' or 'great' in a grand, often historical or legal sense. When we discuss a person being کبیر, we are often moving beyond their physical size and into their legal status or their monumental impact on history.

Legal Maturity: In the context of Iranian jurisprudence and civil law, کبیر refers to an individual who has reached the age of legal majority. This person is no longer a 'saghir' (minor) and is recognized as having the capacity to make independent legal decisions, own property, and be held fully accountable for their actions. It is the technical term for 'adult' in a courtroom or a contract.
Historical Grandeur: When appended to a name, such as 'Kourosh-e Kabir' (Cyrus the Great), it signifies a level of achievement and stature that transcends the ordinary. In this sense, it translates directly to 'The Great.' It suggests a person who is 'fully grown' in their legacy and power.
Formal Description: In literary or highly formal Persian, کبیر describes things that are vast or significant. It is rarely used for a 'big' sandwich or a 'big' house; rather, it is used for a 'great' sin (gonah-e kabireh) or a 'great' ocean.

شخص پس از رسیدن به سن قانونی، کبیر محسوب می‌شود.
A person is considered an adult (of age) after reaching the legal age.

Understanding کبیر requires recognizing the divide between 'natural age' and 'legal/status age.' While a child grows into a 'bozorgsal' (adult) naturally, they become 'kabir' in the eyes of the law on their birthday of majority. This word carries the weight of responsibility. In religious contexts, 'Gonahan-e Kabireh' refers to 'Great Sins,' implying that the weight of the action is fully developed and serious. In history, it is the title of the giants. Cyrus the Great (Kourosh-e Kabir) and Peter the Great (Petr-e Kabir) share this epithet because their influence was 'fully grown' and monumental.

امیرکبیر یکی از بزرگترین وزیران تاریخ ایران بود.
Amir Kabir was one of the greatest ministers in Iranian history. (Note: Here Kabir is part of the title).

To master this word, think of it as the 'Elevated Big.' If 'Bozorg' is a 10, 'Kabir' is a 100 in terms of formality and significance. It encompasses the transition from the dependency of childhood to the autonomy of adulthood, and from the obscurity of the common to the light of the great.

Using کبیر correctly involves placing it in contexts of law, history, or formal theology. It functions as a standard adjective, usually following the noun it describes with an 'Ezafe' (the -e or -ye linking sound).

In Legal Documents: When writing or reading about rights, inheritance, or criminal responsibility, کبیر is the standard term.
Example: طبق قانون، او فردی کبیر است و می‌تواند معامله کند. (According to the law, he is an adult and can conduct transactions.)
In Historical Titles: It is used as an epithet for monarchs and leaders.
Example: شاه عباس کبیر قدرت صفویان را افزایش داد. (Shah Abbas the Great increased the power of the Safavids.)
In Religious Ethics: Distinguishing between types of actions.
Example: در متون مذهبی، از گناهان کبیره دوری شده است. (In religious texts, 'great' sins are avoided.)

او به سن کبیر رسیده است و دیگر تحت سرپرستی نیست.
He has reached the age of majority (adult age) and is no longer under guardianship.

When constructing sentences with کبیر, ensure the subject warrants such a formal descriptor. If you are talking about a child who has finally grown tall enough to reach the top shelf, do not use کبیر. Use قدبلند (tall) or بزرگ (big). کبیر is reserved for the 'stature of the soul' or the 'stature of the law.' It describes the transition from being a 'ward' of the state or family to being a 'sovereign' individual. Thus, it often appears with verbs like محسوب شدن (to be considered) or رسیدن (to reach/attain).

آیا این جوان از نظر قانونی کبیر است؟
Is this youth legally an adult?

You are unlikely to hear کبیر in a busy Tehran bazaar or while ordering 'doogh' at a restaurant. Instead, کبیر lives in the spheres of intellectual, legal, and formal discourse. It is a word of the 'Majlis' (Parliament), the 'Dadgah' (Court), and the 'Ketab-khaneh' (Library).

The Courtroom: In legal proceedings involving inheritance or criminal liability, a judge might ask if the defendant was کبیر at the time of the incident. This determines if they are tried as an adult or a minor.
The History Classroom: Teachers lecturing on the Achaemenid Empire will constantly refer to 'Kourosh-e Kabir.' Here, the word acts as a permanent title, synonymous with the person's identity.
The News and Media: In formal news broadcasts, when discussing significant geopolitical events or 'Great Powers' (Qodrathaye Kabir), this word is used to convey gravity and scale.

او در سن هجده سالگی کبیر شناخته شد.
He was recognized as an adult at the age of eighteen.

Furthermore, کبیر is heard in the naming of institutions. Many streets, hospitals, and universities in Iran are named after 'Amir Kabir,' the famous reformist prime minister of the Qajar era. In this context, the word is ubiquitous—it's on street signs and bus destinations. Every student in Iran knows 'Amir Kabir University of Technology.' Here, کبیر isn't just a word; it's a symbol of modernization and intellectual growth. You'll also encounter it in literature. Classical poets use it to describe the 'Great Spirit' or the 'Great Creator' (Khalegh-e Kabir), emphasizing the vastness of the divine compared to the smallness of man.

دانشگاه امیرکبیر یکی از معتبرترین دانشگاه‌های ایران است.
Amir Kabir University is one of the most prestigious universities in Iran.

The most frequent error English speakers make with کبیر is over-using it in casual conversation. Because 'Great' or 'Adult' are common English words, learners often reach for کبیر when they should be using 'Bozorg' or 'Bozorgsal.'

Mistake 1: Casual 'Big': Saying 'In khaneh kabir ast' (This house is great/big) sounds very strange. It sounds like the house has been knighted or has a legal status.
Correction: Use 'In khaneh bozorg ast.'
Mistake 2: Confusing 'Kabir' with 'Akbar': While they share the same root (K-B-R), 'Akbar' is the superlative (Greatest). Don't use 'Kabir' when you mean 'the biggest' or 'the greatest' in a comparison.
Correction: Use 'Bozorgtarin' or 'Akbar' (in specific religious/formal contexts).
Mistake 3: Misgendering the Adjective (Arabic Influence): In Arabic, 'Kabir' becomes 'Kabirah' for females. In Persian, adjectives don't change for gender.
Correction: Use 'Kabir' for both men and women. The only exception is fixed Arabic phrases like 'Gonah-e Kabireh' (Great Sin), where 'Kabireh' is borrowed as a fixed unit.

اشتباه: برادرم کبیر است. (Wrong for 'My brother is big/older')
درست: برادرم بزرگ است.
Correction: Use 'bozorg' for physical size or being older in a family context.

Another mistake is using کبیر to mean 'important' in a general sense. While 'great' can mean 'important' in English, in Persian, if you want to say 'This is an important matter,' you use 'mohem.' Using کبیر makes it sound like the 'matter' has reached puberty and is now an adult. It creates a humorous personification that you likely didn't intend. Finally, remember that while کبیر means adult, it doesn't mean 'mature' in an emotional sense. For 'mature' or 'wise,' use پخته (pokhteh - literally 'cooked') or عاقل (āqel).

To truly understand کبیر, you must see where it sits among its linguistic cousins. Persian has many ways to say 'big,' 'adult,' or 'great,' and each has a specific 'vibe.'

بزرگ (Bozorg) vs. کبیر (Kabir): Bozorg is the workhorse. It means big (size), old (age), or great (importance) in 95% of situations. Kabir is the 5% reserved for legal status and historical titles.
بالغ (Bālegh) vs. کبیر (Kabir): Bālegh means 'pubescent' or 'biologically mature.' A teenager can be bālegh but not yet کبیر (legally an adult). کبیر is about the calendar and the law; bālegh is about biology.
بزرگسال (Bozorgsal) vs. کبیر (Kabir): Bozorgsal is the standard word for 'an adult' in a social or demographic context. 'Adult movies' or 'adult education' use bozorgsal. کبیر is only for the legal status of that adult.
رشید (Rashid) vs. کبیر (Kabir): Rashid is a legal term often paired with کبیر. It means 'of sound mind and capable of managing affairs.' One might be کبیر (18 years old) but not rashid (due to mental incapacity).

او نه تنها کبیر است، بلکه فردی عاقل و رشید است.
He is not only an adult (legally), but also a wise and capable person.

In summary, choose your word based on the 'domain.' If it's medicine/biology, use bālegh. If it's the law, use کبیر. If it's a birthday party, use bozorg. If it's a demographic survey, use bozorgsal. This precision will make your Persian sound sophisticated and native-like.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The same root K-B-R gives us 'Akbar' (as in the Mughal Emperor or the phrase 'Allahu Akbar') and 'Kibrit' (matchstick - though the connection is disputed, some say it relates to sulfur's 'great' fire).

Guide de prononciation

UK /kæˈbiːr/

US /kəˈbɪr/

The stress is on the second syllable: ka-BEER.

Rime avec

Dabir (Secretary) Safir (Ambassador) Ghadir (A famous pond) Nazir (Similar/Peer) Pazir (Accepting) Monir (Shining) Kavir (Desert) Asir (Captive)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the 'a' as a long 'ay' (Kay-beer).
Missing the rolled 'r' at the end.
Confusing it with 'Khabir' (which means expert).
Shortening the 'ee' sound too much.
Putting stress on the first syllable.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

Easy to recognize in texts once you know the historical context.

Écriture 4/5

Requires knowing when NOT to use it (avoiding casual 'big').

Expression orale 4/5

Pronunciation is easy, but register control is tricky.

Écoute 3/5

Common in news and history documentaries.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

بزرگ بچه قانون شاه سن

Apprends ensuite

صغیر بالغ رشید اهلیت ولایت

Avancé

مستکبر تکبر کبریا اکبر کبری

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

Kourosh-e Kabir (The -e links the noun and adjective).

Adjective Position

In Persian, Kabir usually comes after the noun.

Gender Neutrality

Kabir is used for both male and female subjects.

Indefinite Suffix

Kabiri (A great...) uses the 'i' suffix at the end.

Pluralizing Adjectives

When used as a noun, it can take 'an' (Kabiran).

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Exemples par niveau

کوروش کبیر پادشاه بود.

Cyrus the Great was a king.

Kabir follows the name as a title.

او یک مرد کبیر است.

He is a great/adult man.

Formal usage of adult.

نام این خیابان امیر کبیر است.

The name of this street is Amir Kabir.

Proper noun usage.

خدا کبیر است.

God is Great.

Religious attribute.

او دیگر کودک نیست، او کبیر است.

He is no longer a child; he is an adult.

Contrast with 'kudak'.

کبیر یعنی بزرگ.

Kabir means big/great.

Simple definition.

امیر کبیر وزیر بود.

Amir Kabir was a minister.

Historical reference.

این یک گناه کبیر است.

This is a great sin.

Fixed religious phrase.

فرد کبیر می‌تواند رای بدهد.

An adult (of age) person can vote.

Legal status.

در تاریخ، او را کبیر می‌نامند.

In history, they call him 'the Great'.

Passive use of naming.

او به سن کبیر رسیده است.

He has reached the age of adulthood.

Using the verb 'residan' (to reach).

امیر کبیر مدرسه دارالفنون را ساخت.

Amir Kabir built the Darolfonoon school.

Historical achievement.

آیا شما فردی کبیر هستید؟

Are you an adult person (legally)?

Question form.

او از نظر قانونی کبیر است.

He is legally an adult.

Adverbial phrase 'az nazare ghanuni'.

کبیر و صغیر در این مراسم بودند.

Both adults and children (great and small) were in this ceremony.

Idiomatic pairing with 'saghir'.

این شهر دارای مساجد کبیری است.

This city has great/large mosques.

Plural adjective usage.

حقوق قانونی برای افراد کبیر متفاوت است.

Legal rights are different for adult individuals.

Formal plural.

او پس از هجده سالگی کبیر محسوب می‌شود.

He is considered an adult after the age of eighteen.

Passive 'mohsub shodan'.

کبیر بودن به معنای داشتن مسئولیت است.

Being an adult means having responsibility.

Gerund 'budan'.

در دادگاه، او را به عنوان یک فرد کبیر محاکمه کردند.

In court, they tried him as an adult.

Prepositional phrase 'be onvane'.

سیاست‌های امیر کبیر باعث پیشرفت ایران شد.

Amir Kabir's policies led to Iran's progress.

Possessive Ezafe.

او دیگر تحت تکفل نیست چون کبیر شده است.

He is no longer a dependent because he has become an adult.

Conjunction 'chon' (because).

گناهان کبیره در اخلاق اسلامی بحث می‌شوند.

Great sins are discussed in Islamic ethics.

Feminine plural form borrowed from Arabic.

او در خانواده‌ای کبیر و محترم بزرگ شد.

He grew up in a great and respected family.

Using 'Kabir' for status.

قانون مدنی ایران شرایط کبیر بودن را تعیین می‌کند.

The Civil Code of Iran determines the conditions for being an adult.

Technical legal subject.

او با وجود سن کم، روحی کبیر داشت.

Despite his young age, he had a great soul.

Abstract usage.

قدرت‌های کبیر جهان در این کنفرانس شرکت کردند.

The great powers of the world participated in this conference.

Geopolitical term.

او به مقام کبیری در علم دست یافت.

He achieved a great position in science.

Indefinite 'i' suffix.

تشخیص صغیر از کبیر در این پرونده دشوار است.

Distinguishing minor from adult in this case is difficult.

Contrastive nouns.

او به عنوان یک مصلح کبیر شناخته می‌شود.

He is known as a great reformer.

Professional title.

این واقعه تأثیر کبیری بر تاریخ داشت.

This event had a great impact on history.

Impact description.

او از انجام گناهان کبیره پرهیز می‌کرد.

He avoided committing great sins.

Religious context.

مفهوم کبیر در فقه اسلامی با بلوغ و رشد گره خورده است.

The concept of 'Kabir' in Islamic jurisprudence is tied to puberty and maturity.

Complex academic structure.

او در اشعار خود، خداوند را با صفت کبیر ستایش می‌کند.

In his poems, he praises God with the attribute 'Kabir'.

Literary analysis.

تحول از صغر به کبر، یک فرآیند حقوقی پیچیده است.

The transition from minority to adulthood is a complex legal process.

Using root forms 'Soghr' and 'Kobr'.

امیر کبیر نماد نوسازی و مبارزه با فساد بود.

Amir Kabir was a symbol of modernization and fighting corruption.

Symbolic usage.

در متون فلسفی، عالم کبیر به معنای جهان هستی است.

In philosophical texts, 'Alam-e Kabir' means the macrocosm (the universe).

Philosophical terminology.

او با همتی کبیر به مقابله با مشکلات رفت.

With a great determination, he went to face the problems.

Abstract quality.

این نظریه، تغییری کبیر در علم فیزیک ایجاد کرد.

This theory created a great change in the science of physics.

Scientific impact.

رعایت حقوق افراد کبیر و صغیر از ارکان عدالت است.

Respecting the rights of adults and minors is one of the pillars of justice.

Legal philosophy.

تجلی نام کبیر در عرفان، به ابهت بی‌پایان الهی اشاره دارد.

The manifestation of the name 'Kabir' in mysticism refers to the endless divine majesty.

Mystical/Sufi context.

او در رساله خود به تفصیل در مورد اهلیت افراد کبیر بحث کرده است.

In his treatise, he has discussed the legal capacity of adult individuals in detail.

High-level legal Persian.

سیمای امیر کبیر در تاریخ‌نگاری معاصر، سیمایی اسطوره‌ای یافته است.

The image of Amir Kabir in contemporary historiography has taken on a mythical quality.

Historiographical analysis.

عالم کبیر و عالم صغیر در حکمت متعالیه با یکدیگر منطبق هستند.

The macrocosm and microcosm correspond to each other in Transcendent Philosophy.

Advanced philosophical concept.

او با نگاهی کبیر به مسائل، از جزئیات فراتر رفت.

With a 'great' (broad/grand) perspective on issues, he moved beyond details.

Metaphorical usage.

تمیز میان گناهان کبیره و صغیره نیازمند اجتهاد است.

Distinguishing between major and minor sins requires independent legal reasoning (Ijtihad).

Theological technicality.

او در زمره سیاستمداران کبیری بود که سرنوشت ملت را تغییر دادند.

He was among the great politicians who changed the destiny of the nation.

Elite plural usage.

این اثر هنری، تجسمی از روح کبیر انسانی است.

This artwork is an embodiment of the great human spirit.

Artistic critique.

Collocations courantes

سن کبیر

فرد کبیر

کوروش کبیر

گناهان کبیره

قدرت‌های کبیر

امیر کبیر

عالم کبیر

بحر کبیر

فتح کبیر

ذات کبیر

Phrases Courantes

کبیر و صغیر

— Everyone, regardless of age or status; 'the great and the small.'

کبیر و صغیر در جشن شرکت کردند.

به سن کبیر رسیدن

— To reach the legal age of majority.

وقتی به سن کبیر رسیدی، می‌توانی گواهینامه بگیری.

از نظر قانونی کبیر

— Legally considered an adult.

او از نظر قانونی کبیر محسوب می‌شود.

نامی کبیر

— A great and famous name.

او نامی کبیر در دنیای هنر دارد.

همتی کبیر

— A great will or determination.

برای انجام این کار، همتی کبیر لازم است.

خطایی کبیر

— A major or great mistake.

این یک خطای کبیر در محاسبات بود.

پادشاه کبیر

— A great king.

داریوش یک پادشاه کبیر بود.

دریای کبیر

— The great sea (often referring to the ocean).

کشتی در دریای کبیر گم شد.

روح کبیر

— A great spirit.

او روحی کبیر و بخشنده دارد.

عدل کبیر

— Great justice.

او به دنبال برقراری عدل کبیر در جامعه بود.

Souvent confondu avec

کبیر vs خسرو (Khosrow)

Often associated with kings, but it's a name, not an adjective for 'great'.

کبیر vs خبیث (Khabis)

Sounds slightly similar but means 'wicked' or 'evil'—don't mix them up!

کبیر vs خبیر (Khabir)

Means 'aware' or 'expert.' One letter difference makes a big change.

Expressions idiomatiques

"کبیر و صغیر را شناختن"

— To know everyone or to distinguish between important and unimportant people.

او در این شهر کبیر و صغیر را می‌شناسد.

Neutral

"گناه کبیره کردن"

— To commit a very serious or unforgivable mistake (metaphorically).

مگر گناه کبیره کرده‌ام که با من اینطور حرف می‌زنی؟

Informal

"فیل کبیر"

— Something very large and clumsy (rare).

این ماشین مثل یک فیل کبیر است.

Slang

"کبیر شدن"

— To grow up or become important/arrogant (context dependent).

از وقتی پولدار شده، خیلی کبیر شده است.

Informal

"به درگاه کبیر"

— Referring to God's presence or a very high court.

شکایت خود را به درگاه کبیر برد.

Literary

"فتح کبیر کردن"

— To achieve a massive success (often used sarcastically for small tasks).

خسته نباشی! واقعاً فتح کبیر کردی!

Informal/Sarcastic

"کبیر قوم"

— The elder or leader of a group.

او کبیر قوم ماست و حرفش سند است.

Traditional

"طبل کبیر"

— Big talk or empty promises (literally 'big drum').

فقط طبل کبیر می‌زند و کاری نمی‌کند.

Literary

"سفره کبیر"

— A very generous and large spread of food.

او همیشه سفره کبیری برای مهمانان دارد.

Neutral

"حرف کبیر زدن"

— To speak of things beyond one's station or to speak very formally.

بچه نباید حرف کبیر بزند.

Informal

Facile à confondre

کبیر vs بزرگ (Bozorg)

Both mean 'big/great'.

Bozorg is for physical size and general use; Kabir is for legal status and historical titles.

این میز بزرگ است (Correct). این میز کبیر است (Wrong).

کبیر vs بالغ (Balegh)

Both relate to being an adult.

Balegh is biological (puberty); Kabir is legal (age of majority).

او بالغ شده ولی هنوز کبیر نیست.

کبیر vs اکبر (Akbar)

Same root.

Akbar is the superlative (Greatest); Kabir is the positive (Great).

الله اکبر (God is the Greatest).

کبیر vs رشید (Rashid)

Both are legal terms for adults.

Kabir is about age; Rashid is about mental competence.

او کبیر است اما چون بیماری ذهنی دارد رشید نیست.

کبیر vs عظیم (Azim)

Both mean 'great'.

Azim is for physical or conceptual massiveness; Kabir is for status/age.

یک اقیانوس عظیم.

Structures de phrases

[Name] + کبیر است.

کوروش کبیر است.

او به سن + کبیر + رسید.

او به سن کبیر رسید.

فرد + کبیر + می‌تواند + [Verb].

فرد کبیر می‌تواند ازدواج کند.

از نظر قانونی، او + کبیر + محسوب می‌شود.

از نظر قانونی، او کبیر محسوب می‌شود.

این واقعه دارای اهمیت + کبیری + است.

این واقعه دارای اهمیت کبیری است.

تجلی روح + کبیر + در آثار او مشهود است.

تجلی روح کبیر در آثار او مشهود است.

او دیگر + صغیر + نیست، بلکه + کبیر + است.

او دیگر صغیر نیست، بلکه کبیر است.

در میان + قدرت‌های کبیر + تنش وجود دارد.

در میان قدرت‌های کبیر تنش وجود دارد.

Famille de mots

Noms

کبر (Kobr) - Adulthood/Greatness

کبریا (Kebriya) - Grandeur/Divinity

اکبر (Akbar) - The Greatest

تکبر (Takabbur) - Arrogance

Verbes

تکبیر گفتن (Takbir goftan) - To say 'Allahu Akbar'

بزرگ شدن (Bozorg shodan) - To grow up (Persian root equivalent)

Adjectifs

کبیر (Kabir) - Great/Adult

کبیره (Kabireh) - Great (feminine/Arabic form)

اکبر (Akbar) - Greater/Greatest

Apparenté

بزرگ (Bozorg)

عظیم (Azim)

بالغ (Balegh)

صغیر (Saghir)

رشید (Rashid)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in specific domains (Law, History), Low in daily life.

Erreurs courantes

Using Kabir for physical size. → Bozorg
Kabir is for status/age, not the size of a box or a room.
Saying 'Kabir' without the Ezafe in titles. → Kourosh-e Kabir
In Persian, the link between the name and the title requires the 'e' sound.
Confusing Kabir with Khabir. → Kabir (Great) / Khabir (Expert)
The 'Kh' vs 'K' sound changes the meaning entirely.
Using Kabir for 'mature' (wise). → Pokhteh or Aqel
Kabir is about legal age, not necessarily how wise someone is.
Using 'Kabireh' for a woman in Persian. → Kabir
Persian adjectives don't have gender; 'Kabireh' is only for fixed Arabic phrases.

Astuces

Legal Context

Whenever you are dealing with official documents in Iran, look for the word 'Kabir' to identify sections pertaining to adults.

Royal Titles

In Persian, 'The Great' always comes after the name with an ezafe: [Name]-e Kabir.

Pairing

Learn 'Kabir' and 'Saghir' together. They are a classic pair like 'black and white' or 'big and small'.

Ezafe

Don't forget the 'e' sound! It's Kourosh-E Kabir, not Kourosh Kabir.

Root Knowledge

Knowing the K-B-R root helps you understand many other words like Akbar, Takabbur, and Kebriya.

Amir Kabir

If you visit Tehran, you'll see 'Amir Kabir' on many signs. Remember he was the great modernizer.

No Casual Big

Never say 'This sandwich is kabir.' People will laugh! Use 'bozorg'.

Sins

If you read about 'Gonah-e Kabireh,' it means a major sin that requires serious repentance.

Macrocosm

In philosophy, 'Alam-e Kabir' refers to the whole universe. It's a very high-level term.

Formal Writing

Use 'Kabir' in letters to officials or in academic papers to elevate your style.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Big Beer' (Ka-BEER). Only an 'Adult' (Kabir) is allowed to drink a 'Big Beer' in many cultures. Kabir = Adult.

Association visuelle

Imagine a child standing next to a giant king like Cyrus. The king is 'Kabir' because he is 'Great' and 'Adult,' while the child is 'Saghir' (Small).

Word Web

Law History Cyrus Adult Great Majority Formal Amir Kabir

Défi

Try to find three street names in an Iranian city map online that contain the word 'Kabir'. (Hint: Look for Amir Kabir).

Origine du mot

Derived from the Arabic root K-B-R (ک-ب-ر), which relates to largeness, greatness, and seniority. It entered Persian during the early Islamic period.

Sens originel : To be big, to be old, or to be great in status.

Semitic (root) integrated into Indo-European (Persian).

Contexte culturel

Be careful using 'Takabbur' (arrogance), which comes from the same root. While 'Kabir' is positive, 'Takabbur' is a negative trait.

In English, we use 'The Great' for kings (Alfred the Great). 'Kabir' serves exactly this purpose in Persian history.

Kourosh-e Kabir (Cyrus the Great) Amir Kabir (Naser al-Din Shah's Vizier) Shah Abbas-e Kabir (Safavid King)

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Legal/Court

سن قانونی
بلوغ شرعی
حق رای
مسئولیت کیفری

History

سلسله هخامنشی
پادشاه مقتدر
اصلاحات امیر کبیر
تاریخ باستان

Religion

توبه از گناه
احکام الهی
صفات خداوند
کتب مذهبی

Academic/Philosophy

عالم کل
مفاهیم انتزاعی
رشد فکری
ساختار کلان

Formal Titles

حضرت عالی
جناب وزیر
شخصیت برجسته
مقام معظم

Amorces de conversation

"آیا می‌دانستید چرا به کوروش، 'کبیر' می‌گویند؟"

"در کشور شما، فرد در چه سنی 'کبیر' محسوب می‌شود؟"

"به نظر شما مهم‌ترین ویژگی یک روح 'کبیر' چیست؟"

"آیا تا به حال به دانشگاه امیر 'کبیر' رفته‌اید؟"

"تفاوت بین یک فرد 'بالغ' و یک فرد 'کبیر' در چیست؟"

Sujets d'écriture

زمانی را توصیف کنید که احساس کردید واقعاً به سن 'کبیر' رسیده‌اید و مسئولیت زندگی خود را بر عهده گرفتید.

اگر می‌توانستید با یکی از شخصیت‌های 'کبیر' تاریخ ایران (مثل امیر کبیر) صحبت کنید، چه سوالی از او می‌پرسیدید؟

درباره تفاوت‌های حقوقی بین یک فرد 'کبیر' و 'صغیر' در جامعه خود بنویسید.

چگونه یک انسان می‌تواند بدون داشتن قدرت سیاسی، روحی 'کبیر' داشته باشد؟

تأثیر اصلاحات امیر 'کبیر' بر آموزش و پرورش نوین در ایران را تحلیل کنید.

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, that would sound very poetic or strange. Use 'Bozorg' for physical objects like houses or cars. Kabir is for people's status or historical importance.

In Persian, yes, Kabir is used for both genders. Unlike Arabic, Persian doesn't change the gender of adjectives in most cases, though you might see 'Kabireh' in fixed Arabic religious phrases.

For most legal matters like voting or driving, it is 18. However, in some religious-legal contexts, it can be younger, but 'Kabir' usually implies the 18+ standard in modern civil law.

No, 'Amir' is a title (Prince/Leader) and 'Kabir' is a title (Great). Together they were the title of Mirza Taqi Khan, a famous Prime Minister. People today might name their kids 'Amir' but rarely 'Kabir'.

The direct legal opposite is 'Saghir' (minor). In a more general sense, 'Kudak' (child) or 'Khordsal' (small-aged) can be used.

Because of his massive impact on history, his creation of the first world empire, and his human rights charter. 'Kabir' here means 'The Great'.

It exists as a last name, but it's not as common as names like Mohammadi or Rezai. It often appears in compound last names.

Not really. 'Pir' or 'Mosan' mean old. Kabir means 'adult' or 'great.' An 18-year-old is Kabir but certainly not Pir.

You say 'Gonahan-e Kabireh.' This uses the Arabic feminine plural form which is a fixed term in Persian theology.

Rarely. You'll hear it in the news, in a law office, or in a history class. In the street, people use 'Bozorg'.

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