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B1 adjective 10 min de lecture

tarpeellinen

necessary

At the A1 level, you should recognize 'tarpeellinen' as a word related to 'need' (tarve). You might use it in very simple sentences to say what you need for a trip or a class. Focus on the basic meaning: 'necessary'. You will mostly see it in the nominative form 'tarpeellinen'. Think of it as a way to say 'I need this' without using the verb 'tarvita'. For example: 'Tämä kirja on tarpeellinen' (This book is necessary). At this stage, don't worry too much about complex cases, just understand that it describes things you must have. You might hear it in shops or from a teacher. It's a useful word for basic survival Finnish because it helps you explain why you are asking for something. Try to remember it alongside 'tarve' (need) and 'tarvita' (to need) as a family of words.
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By A2, you can start using 'tarpeellinen' in more varied sentences. You should be able to use the plural form 'tarpeelliset' (e.g., 'tarpeelliset tavarat' - necessary things) and the partitive form 'tarpeellista' in simple 'it is' sentences like 'On tarpeellista juoda vettä' (It is necessary to drink water). You are beginning to understand that Finnish adjectives change their endings. You can use 'tarpeellinen' to give simple advice or to describe your daily routine. For example, you can tell a friend what is 'tarpeellinen' for a Finnish winter (like a warm coat). You should also be able to distinguish it from 'hyvä' (good). At A2, you are building the foundation to express logic and requirements in your Finnish conversations.
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At the B1 level, which is the target level for this word, you should use 'tarpeellinen' fluently in both speech and writing. You understand the nuance between 'tarpeellinen' (necessary), 'välttämätön' (essential), and 'pakollinen' (mandatory). You can use it in various cases, such as the essive 'pidän sitä tarpeellisena' (I consider it necessary). You are comfortable using it in professional contexts, like emails or meetings, to justify your needs or proposals. You also recognize common phrases like 'tarpeelliset toimenpiteet' (necessary measures). Your grammar should be mostly correct when declining the word, and you can handle the double vowels and consonants accurately. This word is a key part of your ability to discuss plans, requirements, and opinions in detail.
At B2, you use 'tarpeellinen' with precision and stylistic awareness. You know when to use the adjective and when the adverbial phrase 'tarpeen' is more idiomatic. You can use the word in complex sentence structures and in combination with abstract nouns (e.g., 'tarpeellinen itsekuri' - necessary self-discipline). You are also aware of its antonym 'tarpeeton' and can use them together to create contrast in your arguments. In discussions, you can use 'tarpeellinen' to subtly influence others by framing your points as logical necessities. You also understand how the word is used in formal documents and legal contexts, where its meaning might be strictly defined. Your pronunciation is natural, respecting the length of the 'ee' and 'll'.
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At the C1 level, 'tarpeellinen' is a word you can manipulate for rhetorical effect. You understand its historical roots and its relationship to other words in the 'tarve' family. You can use it in highly formal or academic writing to build persuasive arguments. You are also familiar with less common synonyms like 'tähdellinen' and can choose between them based on the desired tone. You can detect subtle sarcasm or emphasis when a native speaker uses 'tarpeellinen' in an unusual way. You are comfortable using the noun form 'tarpeellisuus' in abstract philosophical or technical discussions. Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, and you can explain the fine semantic differences between Finnish necessity words to others.
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At the C2 level, you have a complete mastery of 'tarpeellinen' and its place in the Finnish language. You understand its nuances in literature, poetry, and archaic texts. You can use it to express the finest shades of meaning, perhaps using it to describe the 'necessary' elements of a complex system or a historical event. You are aware of how the word's usage has evolved over time and can use it in a way that reflects deep cultural understanding. You can play with the word in puns or creative writing. For you, 'tarpeellinen' is not just a vocabulary item but a versatile tool for precise and elegant communication in any possible situation, from the most technical manual to the most profound essay.
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Exemples

tarpeellinen en 30 secondes

  • Tarpeellinen means 'necessary' or 'needed' in Finnish.
  • It comes from the noun 'tarve' (need) and uses the '-llinen' suffix.
  • Use 'tarpeellista' in impersonal 'it is...' sentences.
  • It is a versatile word used in both formal and informal Finnish.

The Finnish word tarpeellinen is a fundamental adjective that translates directly to 'necessary' or 'needed' in English. It is derived from the noun tarve, which means 'need' or 'requirement'. In Finnish society, which values pragmatism and functionality, this word appears frequently in both professional and personal contexts. It describes anything that is required for a specific purpose, whether it is a physical tool, a piece of information, or a specific action. Unlike its stronger cousin välttämätön (essential/indispensable), tarpeellinen suggests that something is useful and required for a task to be completed properly, but it doesn't always carry the weight of absolute life-or-death urgency. It is the 'workhorse' word for necessity.

Functional Necessity
Used when discussing tools or steps required for a process, such as 'tarpeelliset asiakirjat' (necessary documents).
Subjective Assessment
Used to express an opinion on whether something is worth having or doing, like 'Onko tämä todella tarpeellista?' (Is this really necessary?).
Social Context
Often used in polite requests or formal instructions to justify why a certain rule or item exists.

Pakkaa vain kaikki tarpeellinen matkaa varten, äläkä ota turhaa tavaraa mukaan.

Translation: Pack only everything necessary for the trip, and don't take useless stuff with you.

When you use this word, you are appealing to the Finnish sense of järki (reason). To call something tarpeellinen is to validate its existence. In a work meeting, if you describe a proposal as tarpeellinen, you are giving it a stamp of approval based on utility. It is also a very common word in bureaucratic Finnish, appearing on forms where 'necessary attachments' (tarpeelliset liitteet) are listed. Understanding the nuance between this and 'pakollinen' (mandatory) is key; while 'pakollinen' implies a rule enforced by others, tarpeellinen often implies a logical requirement inherent to the task itself.

Onko uuden auton ostaminen nyt tarpeellista?

Translation: Is buying a new car necessary right now?

In everyday speech, you will hear people shorten or modify their tone, but tarpeellinen remains quite stable. It is not overly formal, but it is certainly not slang. It sits in the perfect middle ground of vocabulary that makes you sound competent and clear in Finnish. If you are ever unsure whether to use 'hyvä' (good) or 'tarpeellinen', ask yourself: 'Does this thing serve a specific requirement?' If yes, tarpeellinen is your best choice.

Hän antoi minulle tarpeellisia neuvoja uutta työtä varten.

Translation: He gave me necessary advice for the new job.

Using tarpeellinen correctly involves understanding Finnish adjective agreement and the use of the partitive case. Like all Finnish adjectives, it must agree in case and number with the noun it modifies. For example, if you are talking about 'necessary things' (plural), the word becomes tarpeelliset (nominative plural) or tarpeellisia (partitive plural). The partitive form tarpeellista is particularly common when used in 'it is...' structures (impersonal sentences).

Attributive Position
When it comes before a noun: 'Tarpeellinen työkalu' (A necessary tool). Here, it matches the noun's case.
Predicative Position
When it follows 'olla' (to be): 'Tämä työkalu on tarpeellinen' (This tool is necessary). If the subject is abstract or an action, use the partitive: 'On tarpeellista levätä' (It is necessary to rest).
Negative Sentences
To say something is 'not necessary', use 'ei ole tarpeen' or 'ei ole tarpeellinen'. The phrase 'ei ole tarpeen' is a very common idiomatic alternative.

Ovatko kaikki nämä paperit tarpeellisia?

Translation: Are all these papers necessary? (Plural partitive used for a question about a group).

A common sentence pattern involves the structure: [Noun] on tarpeellinen [Allative Case]. For example, 'Sokeri on tarpeellinen kakkuun' (Sugar is necessary for the cake). However, it is more common to use the word varten (for): 'Sokeri on tarpeellinen kakkua varten'. This allows you to specify what the necessity is related to. In business Finnish, you might see tarpeellinen used in the context of 'tarpeelliset toimenpiteet' (necessary measures), which is a standard way to describe steps being taken to solve a problem.

Emme pitäneet sitä tarpeellisena.

Translation: We didn't consider it necessary. (Essive case used with 'pitää' - to consider).

When writing, pay attention to the degree of necessity. If something is merely 'useful', you might prefer hyödyllinen. If you use tarpeellinen, you are stating that without this thing, the outcome would be flawed or the process incomplete. It's a word that demands action or justification. In academic writing, tarpeellinen is often used to justify a research gap: 'Lisätutkimus on tarpeellista' (Further research is necessary).

You will encounter tarpeellinen in a wide variety of real-world Finnish scenarios. From the grocery store to the doctor's office, it is a staple of everyday communication. In a Finnish household, a parent might tell a child, 'Ota vain tarpeelliset lelut mukaan mummolaan' (Take only the necessary toys to grandma's), teaching the cultural value of not over-packing. In the workplace, it is ubiquitous. Project managers constantly evaluate which tasks are tarpeellinen and which are 'turha' (useless or extra).

News and Media
News reports often discuss 'tarpeelliset säästötoimet' (necessary austerity measures) or 'tarpeelliset uudistukset' (necessary reforms).
Customer Service
A clerk might ask, 'Onko tässä kaikki tarpeellinen?' (Is this everything necessary/all you need?).
Instructions and Manuals
Assembly manuals will list 'tarpeelliset työkalut' (necessary tools) before you begin building.

Lääkäri totesi, että leikkaus ei ole tarpeellinen juuri nyt.

Translation: The doctor stated that the surgery is not necessary right now.

In Finnish politics and public debate, the word is used to frame arguments. When a politician calls a law tarpeellinen, they are trying to move the conversation from 'do we want this?' to 'we must have this'. It is a powerful rhetorical tool. However, in casual conversation, it can be used more lightly. If a friend brings an umbrella on a sunny day, you might jokingly ask, 'Oliko tuo todella tarpeellinen?' (Was that really necessary?).

On tarpeellista muistaa, että säännöt ovat kaikille samat.

Translation: It is necessary to remember that the rules are the same for everyone.

Listen for it in TV dramas during arguments or in documentaries explaining how things work. It's one of those words that provides the 'glue' for logical explanations. If you spend a day in a Finnish office, you'll likely hear it at least a dozen times during planning sessions or when reviewing emails. It is a word that signals professionalism and focus on the task at hand.

Even though tarpeellinen is a B1 level word, English speakers often make specific errors when integrating it into their Finnish. The most common mistake is confusing it with its synonyms, particularly välttämätön (essential) and pakollinen (mandatory). While 'necessary' can cover all these in English, Finnish is more precise. If you say something is tarpeellinen when it is actually a legal requirement, you might sound too casual. If you say it is pakollinen when it's just a good idea, you might sound too bossy.

Confusion with 'Tarpeen'
Learners often forget that 'tarpeen' (the genitive of need) is used as an adverbial phrase meaning 'needed'. 'Se on tarpeen' is often more natural than 'Se on tarpeellinen' in spoken Finnish.
Case Agreement Errors
Forgetting to change the ending to '-sta' in impersonal sentences like 'On tarpeellista...' is a frequent error. Using the nominative 'On tarpeellinen...' in these cases sounds 'broken'.
Overuse of 'Varten'
While 'varten' (for) is correct, learners sometimes use it where a simple allative case (-lle) would be more elegant. 'Tarpeellinen minulle' vs 'Tarpeellinen minua varten'.

Incorrect: Se on tarpeellinen mennä kotiin.

Correct: On tarpeellista mennä kotiin.

Explanation: Impersonal 'it is' sentences require the partitive case for the adjective.

Another mistake involves the word tarpeeton (unnecessary). Learners sometimes try to create a negative by adding 'ei' to 'tarpeellinen' (ei tarpeellinen), which is grammatically fine but often less natural than using the dedicated antonym tarpeeton or the phrase ei ole tarpeen. Also, be careful with the spelling: the double 'e' and double 'l' in tarpeellinen are crucial. Dropping one of them changes the rhythm of the word and can make it hard for locals to understand.

Incorrect: Tämä on pakollinen tieto.

Correct: Tämä on tarpeellinen tieto.

Explanation: Use 'tarpeellinen' for 'needed/necessary'. Use 'pakollinen' only for 'mandatory/forced'.

Finally, watch out for the plural forms. In English, 'necessary' doesn't change, but in Finnish, you must say 'tarpeelliset asiat' (the necessary things). If you forget the plural marker, the sentence will feel incomplete to a native speaker. Consistency in case and number is the hallmark of a B1-B2 speaker.

Finnish has a rich vocabulary for expressing 'necessity', and choosing the right word can significantly improve your fluency. While tarpeellinen is the most general term, other words offer specific shades of meaning that are useful in different contexts. Understanding these helps you avoid sounding repetitive and allows for more precise expression.

Välttämätön (Essential / Indispensable)
This is stronger than 'tarpeellinen'. Use it for things you absolutely cannot live or work without, like oxygen or a passport for travel.
Pakollinen (Mandatory / Compulsory)
This implies an external rule or law. School is 'pakollinen', and wearing a seatbelt is 'pakollinen'.
Tähdellinen (Significant / Important)
A more formal, slightly old-fashioned word often used in literary or highly formal contexts to mean 'noteworthy' or 'necessary'.
Hyödyllinen (Useful / Beneficial)
Something might be useful but not strictly necessary. This is a softer alternative when you want to recommend something without demanding it.

Ruoka on välttämätöntä, mutta mausteet ovat vain tarpeellisia hyvään makuun.

Translation: Food is essential, but spices are only necessary for good taste.

When comparing tarpeellinen to tarpeen, remember that tarpeen is often used in the phrase 'tulla tarpeen' (to come in handy / to be needed). For example: 'Tämä lahja tuli todella tarpeen' (This gift really came in handy). This is a very idiomatic way to express necessity in a positive, grateful way. In contrast, tarpeellinen is more of a descriptive label.

On tähdellistä huomata ero näiden kahden välillä.

Translation: It is significant (necessary) to notice the difference between these two.

In professional settings, you might also hear relevantti (relevant), which is a loanword. While tarpeellinen implies a need, relevantti implies a logical connection. They often overlap, but tarpeellinen feels more 'Finnish'. Use tarpeellinen when you want to sound grounded and practical.

Le savais-tu ?

The root 'tarve' is also related to the verb 'tarvita'. In ancient times, it might have been linked to the idea of 'offering' or 'bringing forth' what is required.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ˈtɑrpeːlːinen/
US /ˈtɑrpeɪlɪnən/
Primary stress is always on the first syllable: TAR-peel-li-nen.
Rime avec
onnellinen iloinen surullinen valkoinen punainen suomalainen ihminen pienoinen
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing 'ee' as a short 'e'.
  • Pronouncing 'll' as a single 'l'.
  • Putting stress on the second or third syllable.
  • Forgetting to roll the 'r'.
  • Mixing up the 'i' and 'e' sounds.
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Exemples par niveau

1

Tämä on tarpeellinen kirja.

This is a necessary book.

Nominative singular adjective matching the noun 'kirja'.

2

Onko tämä tarpeellinen?

Is this necessary?

Simple question structure with the verb 'olla'.

3

Ota tarpeellinen raha mukaan.

Take the necessary money with you.

Imperative 'ota' followed by the object in nominative/accusative.

4

Tarpeellinen työkalu on tässä.

The necessary tool is here.

Subject-verb-adverbial sentence.

5

Hänellä on tarpeellinen avain.

He/she has the necessary key.

'Hänellä on' (He/she has) structure.

6

Tämä passi on tarpeellinen.

This passport is necessary.

Adjective as a predicate.

7

Onko vesi tarpeellinen?

Is water necessary?

Basic inquiry about a noun's necessity.

8

Minulla on tarpeellinen lippu.

I have the necessary ticket.

Possessive structure 'minulla on'.

1

On tarpeellista syödä aamupalaa.

It is necessary to eat breakfast.

Impersonal 'on' + partitive adjective 'tarpeellista'.

2

Nämä ovat tarpeelliset vaatteet.

These are the necessary clothes.

Nominative plural 'tarpeelliset'.

3

Tarvitsemme tarpeellisia tietoja.

We need some necessary information.

Partitive plural 'tarpeellisia' used as an object.

4

Onko se tarpeellista juuri nyt?

Is it necessary right now?

Partitive in a question about an abstract 'it' (se).

5

Hän osti tarpeelliset tavarat kaupasta.

He/she bought the necessary things from the store.

Accusative plural 'tarpeelliset' as a completed object.

6

Onko sanakirja tarpeellinen kurssilla?

Is a dictionary necessary for the course?

Adessive case 'kurssilla' (on/for the course).

7

Meillä ei ole tarpeellisia työkaluja.

We don't have the necessary tools.

Negative possessive sentence requires partitive plural.

8

Tämä on tarpeellista työtä.

This is necessary work.

Partitive used for an uncountable noun 'työ'.

1

Pidän tätä uudistusta tarpeellisena.

I consider this reform necessary.

Essive case 'tarpeellisena' used with the verb 'pitää'.

2

Hän teki kaikki tarpeelliset valmistelut.

He/she made all the necessary preparations.

Plural object in the accusative form.

3

Onko lisätutkimus todella tarpeellista?

Is additional research really necessary?

Partitive 'tarpeellista' with an abstract subject.

4

Saimme tarpeelliset luvat viranomaisilta.

We got the necessary permits from the authorities.

Ablative case 'viranomaisilta' (from the authorities).

5

Tämä ei vaikuta tarpeelliselta juuri nyt.

This doesn't seem necessary right now.

Ablative case 'tarpeelliselta' used with the verb 'vaikuttaa' (to seem).

6

Hän antoi minulle tarpeellista palautetta.

He/she gave me some necessary feedback.

Partitive 'tarpeellista' for an uncountable mass noun.

7

On tarpeellista huomioida kaikki riskit.

It is necessary to take all risks into account.

Infinitive 'huomioida' following 'on tarpeellista'.

8

Löysimme tarpeellisen ratkaisun ongelmaan.

We found a necessary solution to the problem.

Genitive/Accusative singular 'tarpeellisen'.

1

Hankimme vain kaikkein tarpeellisimmat tarvikkeet.

We acquired only the most necessary supplies.

Superlative form 'tarpeellisimmat'.

2

Hän kyseenalaisti projektin tarpeellisuuden.

He/she questioned the necessity of the project.

Noun form 'tarpeellisuus' in the genitive case.

3

Onko tämä muutos mielestäsi tarpeellinen?

Is this change necessary in your opinion?

Phrase 'mielestäsi' (in your opinion).

4

Toimenpide katsottiin tarpeelliseksi potilaan tilan vuoksi.

The procedure was deemed necessary due to the patient's condition.

Translative case 'tarpeelliseksi' with a passive verb.

5

Hän ei nähnyt tarpeelliseksi vastata viestiin.

He/she didn't see it as necessary to reply to the message.

Translative case 'tarpeelliseksi' used with 'nähdä'.

6

Tarpeellinen määrä unta on tärkeää terveydelle.

A necessary amount of sleep is important for health.

Adjective modifying the noun 'määrä' (amount).

7

Keskustelu oli tarpeellinen väärinkäsitysten välttämiseksi.

The discussion was necessary to avoid misunderstandings.

Translative 'välttämiseksi' (for avoiding).

8

Ovatko nämä tiedot tarpeellisia hakemusta varten?

Are these details necessary for the application?

Partitive plural in a question.

1

Arvioimme säännöllisesti resurssien tarpeellisuutta.

We regularly evaluate the necessity of resources.

Noun 'tarpeellisuus' in the partitive case.

2

Tämä on tarpeellinen, joskin kiistanalainen, päätös.

This is a necessary, albeit controversial, decision.

Use of 'joskin' (albeit) to add nuance.

3

Onko uuden lainsäädännön tarpeellisuus kiistatonta?

Is the necessity of new legislation indisputable?

Abstract noun as a subject.

4

Hän korosti tarpeellisten taitojen hankkimista.

He/she emphasized the acquisition of necessary skills.

Genitive plural 'tarpeellisten' modifying a verbal noun.

5

Emme voi sivuuttaa tätä tarpeellisena osana prosessia.

We cannot ignore this as a necessary part of the process.

Essive case 'tarpeellisena' (as a necessary...).

6

Onko se tarpeellinen vai pelkästään toivottava ominaisuus?

Is it a necessary or merely a desirable feature?

Contrast between 'tarpeellinen' and 'toivottava'.

7

Tarpeellinen varovaisuus on paikallaan tässä tilanteessa.

Necessary caution is appropriate in this situation.

Idiomatic phrase 'on paikallaan' (is appropriate).

8

Hän ei pitänyt tarpeellisena selitellä tekojaan.

He/she didn't consider it necessary to explain his/her actions.

Essive case 'tarpeellisena' with the verb 'pitää'.

1

Teos pohtii olemassaolon tarpeellisuutta ja merkitystä.

The work ponders the necessity and meaning of existence.

Highly abstract noun usage.

2

Hänen panoksensa oli tarpeellinen tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi.

His/her contribution was necessary for achieving the goal.

Formal structure with 'saavuttamiseksi'.

3

Onko tarpeellista erotella näitä kahta käsitettä toisistaan?

Is it necessary to distinguish these two concepts from each other?

Infinitive 'erotella' (to distinguish).

4

Tutkimus osoitti uudistuksen tarpeellisuuden kiistatta.

The study indisputably showed the necessity of the reform.

Adverb 'kiistatta' (indisputably).

5

Tarpeellinen mutta tuskallinen totuus tuli vihdoin ilmi.

A necessary but painful truth finally came to light.

Contrastive adjectives.

6

Hän toimi tarpeelliseksi katsomallaan tavalla.

He/she acted in a way he/she deemed necessary.

Complex participial structure 'katsomallaan tavalla'.

7

Onko kyseessä tarpeellinen paha?

Is it a necessary evil?

Idiom 'tarpeellinen paha' (necessary evil).

8

Hän ei nähnyt tarpeelliseksi puuttua asioiden kulkuun.

He/she didn't see it as necessary to intervene in the course of events.

Translative case 'tarpeelliseksi' with 'nähdä'.

Collocations courantes

tarpeelliset toimenpiteet
tarpeelliset tiedot
katsoa tarpeelliseksi
tarpeellinen määrä
tarpeellinen varustus
erittäin tarpeellinen
täysin tarpeeton
tarpeellinen lisä
tarpeellinen muutos
kaikki tarpeellinen

Phrases Courantes

Onko tarpeellista?

Jos katsot tarpeelliseksi.

Vain tarpeellinen.

Tehdä tarpeellinen.

Tarpeellinen muistutus.

Ei ole tarpeellista.

Tarpeellinen taito.

Tarpeellinen korjaus.

Tarpeellinen selvitys.

Tarpeellinen tuki.

Expressions idiomatiques

"tarpeellinen paha"

A 'necessary evil'; something unpleasant that must be accepted.

Verot ovat tarpeellinen paha.

General

"tulla tarpeeseen"

To be very much needed or to come in handy at the right time.

Tämä loma tuli todella tarpeeseen.

Informal/Common

"nähdä tarpeelliseksi"

To deem or consider something necessary.

En nähnyt tarpeelliseksi puuttua peliin.

Neutral

"tarpeen tullen"

If/when the need arises.

Autan sinua tarpeen tullen.

Neutral

"olla tarpeen"

To be needed (adverbial usage).

Lisäapu olisi nyt tarpeen.

Neutral

"kaikkea muuta kuin tarpeellinen"

Anything but necessary (i.e., completely useless).

Tämä sääntö on kaikkea muuta kuin tarpeellinen.

Emphatic

"tehdä itsensä tarpeelliseksi"

To make oneself useful or indispensable.

Hän yritti tehdä itsensä tarpeelliseksi uudessa työpaikassa.

Neutral

"pitää tarpeellisena"

To consider something necessary.

Pidän tarpeellisena, että keskustelemme tästä.

Neutral

"tarpeellinen määrä"

The right amount required for a task.

Käytä vain tarpeellinen määrä voimaa.

Neutral

"ei kenenkään tarpeellinen"

Not needed by anyone (rare, poetic).

Hän tunsi olevansa ei kenenkään tarpeellinen.

Literary

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

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Origine du mot

The word is derived from the Proto-Finnic root *tarbe, which means 'need'. This root is shared with other Baltic-Finnic languages like Estonian (tarve). The suffix '-llinen' is a common adjective-forming suffix in Finnish that roughly corresponds to '-ful' or '-ly' in English, but here it simply creates the adjective form of 'need'.

Sens originel : Pertaining to a need or requirement.

Uralic / Baltic-Finnic
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