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B1 adjective #1,000 le plus courant 12 min de lecture

نزدیك

Q: How do I say 'the nearest'?

Use the superlative suffix '-tarin': 'نزدیکترین' (nazdik-tarin). For example, 'نزدیکترین بانک' (the nearest bank).

nazdik Top 1,000

At the A1 level, 'nazdik' (نزدیک) is one of the first adjectives you will learn to describe location. It is primarily used in simple sentences to say that one place is near another. For example, 'The house is near' (Khaneh nazdik ast). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar. Just remember that 'nazdik' is the opposite of 'door' (far). You will use it to talk about your school, your home, or a shop. It is a very helpful word when you are traveling and need to ask if a destination is close by. You might hear people say 'Nazdik ast?' (Is it near?) when they are walking or driving. It is a 'building block' word that helps you start making sense of the space around you in a Persian-speaking environment. Focus on the basic 'Subject + Adjective + Verb' structure.

As an A2 learner, you start using 'nazdik' with the preposition 'be' (به) or the Ezafe construction to link two things. Instead of just saying 'It is near', you can now say 'It is near the park' (Nazdik-e park ast) or 'It is near to the city' (Nazdik be shahr ast). You also begin to use 'nazdik' to talk about time, such as 'It is near morning' (Nazdik-e sobh ast). This level is about expanding your ability to give directions and describe your daily routine. You will also learn the comparative form 'nazdik-tar' (closer) to compare two distances. For example, 'This shop is closer than that one'. Understanding how to connect 'nazdik' to other nouns is the key goal at this level.

At the B1 level, you move beyond physical distance and start using 'nazdik' to describe relationships and social connections. You can talk about a 'doost-e nazdik' (a close friend) or 'fameel-e nazdik' (a close relative). You also learn the idiomatic use of 'nazdik bud' (it was near) to mean 'almost'. For example, 'Nazdik bud biyoftam' (I almost fell). This is a very common and useful structure in daily conversation. You are also more comfortable using 'nazdik' for approximations with numbers, like 'nearly 100 people'. At B1, 'nazdik' becomes a tool for expressing not just where things are, but how you feel about people and how close you came to doing something. Your sentences become more natural and idiomatic.

At the B2 level, you use 'nazdik' in more abstract and professional contexts. You might describe two political parties as having 'nazdik' (close) views, or a scientific theory as being 'nazdik be vaghe'iyat' (close to reality). You understand the nuance between 'nazdik' and its more formal synonyms like 'gharib' or 'mojaver'. You can use 'nazdik' in complex sentences with multiple clauses. For instance, you might discuss how 'the deadline is approaching' (dead-line darad nazdik mishavad) and what the consequences are. Your use of 'nazdik' is now fluid across spatial, temporal, and metaphorical domains. You also start to recognize 'nazdik' in more sophisticated literature and news reports, where it describes the proximity of events or the closeness of a diplomatic agreement.

At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the stylistic nuances of 'nazdik'. You can choose between 'nazdik', 'gharib', 'mottasel', and 'mojaver' to perfectly match the tone of your writing or speech. You are familiar with poetic uses of the word in classical Persian literature, where 'nazdiki' (closeness) represents a spiritual or mystical state. You can use 'nazdik' in subtle rhetorical ways, such as in 'Taarof' to minimize distance or effort. You also master complex idiomatic expressions like 'bikh-e goosh' (right under one's nose) or 'az nazdik' (in person/up close) in various registers. Your ability to use 'nazdik' is indistinguishable from a native speaker, as you can navigate its emotional, physical, and formal layers with ease and precision.

At the C2 level, your mastery of 'nazdik' is complete. You can analyze the etymological roots of the word and its evolution from Middle Persian. You use it in highly specialized academic or philosophical discussions to describe the proximity of concepts or the 'nearness' of a translation to its source text. You can appreciate and use 'nazdik' in the most complex forms of Persian poetry, understanding the layers of meaning it carries in the works of Hafez or Saadi. You are also aware of regional variations in how 'nazdik' is used across the Persian-speaking world (Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan). Your usage is not just correct; it is elegant, nuanced, and culturally rich, reflecting a profound connection to the Persian language and its history.

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

نزدیك en 30 secondes

Nazdik (نزدیک) means 'near' or 'close' in distance, time, or relationship.
It is the direct opposite of 'door' (far) and is a high-frequency word.
Commonly used with the preposition 'be' (به) or the Ezafe (-e) link.
Can mean 'almost' when used in the phrase 'nazdik bud' + subjunctive.

The Persian word نزدیک (nazdik) is a fundamental adjective and adverb that primarily translates to 'near' or 'close' in English. Its usage spans across physical distance, temporal proximity, and emotional or relational intimacy. Understanding 'nazdik' is essential for any learner because it appears in almost every daily conversation, from asking for directions to describing one's social circle. In the physical sense, it describes the spatial relationship between two points. If you are standing in front of a mosque and the bazaar is just a two-minute walk away, the bazaar is 'nazdik'. However, the beauty of the Persian language lies in how it stretches this physical concept into the realm of time and emotion.

Spatial Proximity: Used to describe objects or locations that are a short distance away. It often requires the preposition 'be' (به) to link it to the reference point.
Temporal Proximity: Used to indicate that an event is about to happen or a specific time is approaching. For example, 'نزدیک عید' (near Nowruz/the New Year).
Relational Intimacy: Describes people who are emotionally close, such as 'دوست نزدیک' (a close friend) or 'بستگان نزدیک' (close relatives).

خانه ما به ایستگاه مترو خیلی نزدیک است.
— Our house is very close to the metro station.

In Iranian culture, the concept of 'closeness' also carries a weight of hospitality and social obligation. When someone is 'nazdik' to you, there is an implicit understanding of mutual support. This is why you will often hear Iranians use this word to emphasize the strength of a bond. Furthermore, in the context of 'Taarof' (Persian etiquette), being 'nazdik' might be used to downplay the distance someone has traveled to visit you, making their effort seem small out of modesty. For instance, a host might say 'راه نزدیک بود' (The way was short/near) even if the guest traveled across the city, as a way of making the guest feel more comfortable and less like a burden.

ساعت نزدیک پنج است.
— It is nearly five o'clock.

Beyond simple descriptions, 'nazdik' is used in comparative and superlative forms. 'Nazdik-tar' (نزدیک‌تر) means 'closer', and 'nazdik-tarin' (نزدیک‌ترین) means 'closest'. These are essential for navigating and making choices. If you are looking for the nearest pharmacy, you would ask for 'nazdik-tarin darookhaneh'. The word also functions as a prefix in some compound words and can be transformed into a noun, 'nazdiki' (نزدیکی), meaning 'proximity' or 'closeness'. This versatility makes it one of the most hardworking words in the Persian lexicon. Whether you are discussing the proximity of a goal, the closeness of a match score, or the intimacy of a conversation, 'nazdik' provides the necessary linguistic framework to express these nuances clearly and effectively.

او یکی از نزدیک‌ترین دوستان من است.
— He is one of my closest friends.

Using نزدیک (nazdik) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical roles as an adjective, an adverb, and occasionally a preposition. The most common structure involves the Ezafe construction or the preposition 'be'. When 'nazdik' acts as an adjective modifying a noun, it follows the noun and is connected by the Ezafe (the short 'e' sound). For example, 'ایستگاه نزدیک' (the nearby station). However, when it is used to indicate proximity *to* something, the structure changes. You would say 'نزدیک به شهر' (near to the city) or 'در نزدیکی شهر' (in the vicinity of the city). This distinction is vital for achieving fluency and sounding like a native speaker.

As a Predicate Adjective: When 'nazdik' follows the verb 'to be' (budan), it describes the subject. Example: 'مدرسه نزدیک است' (The school is near).
In Comparisons: Using the suffixes '-tar' and '-tarin'. Example: 'این راه نزدیک‌تر است' (This way is closer).
With Time Expressions: To indicate 'almost' or 'nearly'. Example: 'نزدیک به دو ساعت' (Nearly two hours).

آیا هتلی نزدیک اینجا هست؟
— Is there a hotel near here?

When discussing relationships, 'nazdik' is often used to define the inner circle of family and friends. In Persian culture, family ties are extremely strong, and the word 'nazdik' helps categorize the level of obligation one has. A 'fameel-e nazdik' (close relative) is someone you would see frequently and support financially or emotionally. In contrast, a 'fameel-e door' (distant relative) might only be seen at weddings or funerals. This linguistic distinction reflects the hierarchical and communal nature of Iranian society. Furthermore, 'nazdik' can be used in the phrase 'از نزدیک' (az nazdik), which means 'from up close' or 'in person'. If you want to say you met a famous person in person, you would say 'او را از نزدیک دیدم'.

ما باید از نزدیک با هم صحبت کنیم.
— We need to talk to each other in person (from up close).

Another advanced usage of 'nazdik' is in the context of estimation. When you are not sure of an exact number but want to give an approximation, you can use 'nazdik-e' or 'nazdik be'. For instance, 'نزدیک به صد نفر در مهمانی بودند' (Nearly a hundred people were at the party). This is very common in news reports and academic writing where precise figures might be unavailable or unnecessary. It functions similarly to 'approximately' or 'roughly' in English. By mastering these different sentence patterns, you will be able to express spatial, temporal, and social proximity with the same ease as a native Persian speaker, allowing for more nuanced and accurate communication in a variety of contexts.

قیمت این ماشین نزدیک به ده هزار دلار است.
— The price of this car is close to ten thousand dollars.

In the daily life of an Iranian, نزدیک (nazdik) is a word that echoes through the streets, homes, and workplaces. If you are in a taxi in Tehran, you might hear a passenger say to the driver, 'آقا، همین نزدیکی‌ها پیاده می‌شوم' (Sir, I'll get off right around here/in this vicinity). The word 'nazdikiha' (the pluralized 'vicinities') is a very common way to describe a general nearby area without specifying an exact spot. It gives the speaker and the listener a shared sense of local geography. You will also hear it constantly in the context of time management. Iranians are often very social, and plans are frequently made 'nazdik-e maghreb' (near sunset) or 'nazdik-e shab' (near nightfall), reflecting a more fluid approach to time than the rigid 'at 6:00 PM' often found in Western cultures.

In the Bazaar: Shopkeepers use it to describe the quality of a replica: 'خیلی به اصلش نزدیک است' (It is very close to the original).
In Family Gatherings: Elders might use it to describe family lineages: 'آن‌ها با ما نسبت نزدیکی دارند' (They have a close relationship/kinship with us).
In News and Media: Journalists use it for political proximity: 'دو کشور به توافق نزدیک شده‌اند' (The two countries have moved closer to an agreement).

امتحانات نزدیک است و من هنوز درس نخوانده‌ام.
— Exams are near and I haven't studied yet.

In the realm of Persian literature and music, 'nazdik' takes on a more poetic and soulful meaning. You will find it in the lyrics of traditional 'Tasnihs' and modern pop songs alike, often describing the longing for a beloved to be 'nazdik' to the singer's heart. The physical distance between lovers is a classic trope in Persian poetry, and 'nazdik' is the antithesis of 'door' (far), representing the ultimate goal of union. When a singer laments 'کاش بودی نزدیک من' (I wish you were near me), they are tapping into a centuries-old tradition of expressing emotional proximity through spatial metaphors. This poetic usage is so ingrained that even in casual speech, saying someone is 'nazdik' to your heart carries a profound weight of affection.

صدای موسیقی از نزدیک خیلی بلند بود.
— The sound of the music was very loud from up close.

Finally, you will encounter 'nazdik' in many idiomatic expressions used in professional settings. For example, 'نزدیک به واقعیت' (close to reality) is used to describe a plan or a budget that is realistic. If a project is nearing completion, a manager might say 'به پایان کار نزدیک هستیم' (We are close to the end of the work). In the digital age, 'nazdik' is also used in technology, such as 'اشتراک‌گذاری نزدیک' (Nearby Share) on smartphones. Whether it is the physical world, the emotional landscape, or the professional sphere, 'nazdik' is a versatile and indispensable tool for navigating the complexities of Persian life and language.

نظرات ما به هم خیلی نزدیک است.
— Our opinions are very close to each other.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make when using نزدیک (nazdik) is the omission of the correct preposition or the Ezafe. In English, we say 'near the house' without an extra preposition. However, in Persian, you cannot simply say 'nazdik khaneh'. You must use the Ezafe: 'نزدیکِ خانه' (nazdik-e khaneh) or the preposition 'be': 'نزدیک به خانه' (nazdik be khaneh). Forgetting this small but crucial link is a hallmark of a beginner's mistake. Another common pitfall is confusing 'nazdik' with 'kenar' (beside/next to). While they are related, 'kenar' implies being right next to something, often touching or adjacent, whereas 'nazdik' is more general and can mean anywhere in the vicinity.

Confusing 'Nazdik' with 'Kenar': 'Nazdik' means near (general area), while 'Kenar' means beside (specific position). Don't say 'nazdik' if you mean 'right next to'.
Incorrect Preposition Usage: Using 'ba' (with) instead of 'be' (to). It is always 'nazdik be', never 'nazdik ba'.
Misplacing the Comparative Suffix: Learners sometimes say 'bishtar nazdik' instead of the correct 'nazdik-tar' for 'closer'.

غلط: من نزدیک خانه هستم.
درست: من نزدیکِ خانه هستم.
— Correcting the missing Ezafe.

Another subtle mistake involves the use of 'nazdik' in the context of 'almost' with verbs. In English, we say 'I almost fell'. In Persian, you can use 'nazdik bud' (it was near) followed by the subjunctive mood of the verb. For example, 'نزدیک بود بیفتم' (nazdik bud biyof-tam). Learners often try to translate 'almost' literally or use 'nazdik' as a simple adverb before the verb, which results in unnatural phrasing. Understanding that 'nazdik bud' acts as a sort of auxiliary phrase is key to advanced fluency. Additionally, when describing people, be careful not to use 'nazdik' for 'physically standing near' when you mean 'emotionally close'. If you say 'او به من نزدیک است', it could mean he is standing next to you or he is your close friend, depending on the context. To be specific about physical proximity, you might use 'در کنار من ایستاده است' (He is standing beside me).

غلط: او بیشتر نزدیک آمد.
درست: او نزدیک‌تر آمد.
— Using the correct comparative form.

Lastly, learners sometimes struggle with the word order when 'nazdik' is used with numbers. If you want to say 'nearly 50 people', the 'nazdik-e' should come before the number: 'نزدیکِ پنجاه نفر'. Some students mistakenly place it after the noun. Also, remember that 'nazdik' is an adjective, so it can take the plural 'ha' only when it's functioning as a noun ('nazdiki-ha'). Using 'nazdik-ha' as an adjective is incorrect. By paying attention to these common errors—preposition usage, Ezafe, comparative forms, and the 'nazdik bud' construction—you will significantly improve the accuracy and naturalness of your Persian speech and writing.

غلط: نزدیک به من بیا.
درست: نزدیکِ من بیا.
— In imperative commands for physical movement, the Ezafe is more common.

While نزدیک (nazdik) is the most versatile word for 'near', Persian offers several synonyms and related terms that provide more specific nuances. Choosing the right one can make your speech sound more sophisticated and precise. For example, قریب (gharib) is an Arabic loanword often used in more formal or literary contexts. You will see it in phrases like 'به‌زودی' (soon) or 'عنقریب' (very soon). It also appears in 'قریب‌الوقوع' (imminent). Another important word is مجاور (mojaver), which means 'adjacent' or 'neighboring'. This is more formal than 'nazdik' and is often used in administrative or geographical descriptions, such as 'کشورهای مجاور' (neighboring countries).

نزدیک (Nazdik) vs. کنار (Kenar): 'Nazdik' is 'near' (general), while 'Kenar' is 'beside' (specific). You can be 'nazdik' to a city without being 'kenar' (at the edge of) it.
نزدیک (Nazdik) vs. قریب (Gharib): 'Nazdik' is the everyday word. 'Gharib' is formal and often used for time or mathematical approximations (e.g., 'nearly').
نزدیک (Nazdik) vs. همسایه (Hamsayeh): 'Hamsayeh' means 'neighbor'. While neighbors are 'nazdik', 'hamsayeh' specifically refers to the person or entity living next door.

این دو رنگ خیلی به هم شبیه هستند.
— Note: 'Shabih' (similar) is often used when 'nazdik' refers to appearance or qualities.

In colloquial Persian, you might also hear دمِ دست (dam-e dast), which literally means 'at the tail of the hand' but translates to 'handy' or 'nearby'. If you are looking for your keys and they are on the table next to you, they are 'dam-e dast'. This is much more informal than 'nazdik'. Another phrase is بیخِ گوش (bikh-e goosh), literally 'at the root of the ear', used to describe something that is extremely close, often surprisingly so. For example, if a new mall is built right next to your house, you might say it's 'bikh-e goosh-e ma'. Understanding these alternatives allows you to adjust your register according to the situation, whether you are writing a formal report or chatting with friends at a cafe.

او در همسایگی ما زندگی می‌کند.
— He lives in our neighborhood (hamsayegi is related to being near).

Furthermore, the word متصل (mottasel) means 'connected' or 'attached'. While not a direct synonym for 'near', it is used when two things are so close they are actually touching. In technical or architectural contexts, this is a vital distinction. Similarly, پیوسته (peyvasteh) means 'continuous' or 'joined'. When comparing 'nazdik' to these terms, you can see that 'nazdik' implies a gap, however small, whereas 'mottasel' and 'peyvasteh' imply a lack of space. By learning these distinctions, you move from simply 'knowing a word' to 'understanding the language', allowing you to describe the world with the precision and color that native Persian speakers use every day.

این هتل در مجاورت دریا قرار دارد.
— This hotel is located in the vicinity/adjacent to the sea (formal).

How Formal Is It?

Formel

"ایشان از نزدیکانِ بنده هستند."

Neutre

"بانک به اینجا نزدیک است."

Informel

"خونه‌مون خیلی نزدیکه."

Child friendly

"بیا نزدیکِ من کوچولو!"

Argot

"بیخِ گوشِمه ولی نمی‌بینمش!"

Le savais-tu ?

The word 'nazdik' is cognate with the Sanskrit word 'nedistha' (nearest). It shows the deep historical links between Persian and other Indo-European languages.

Guide de prononciation

UK /næzˈdiːk/

US /næzˈdik/

The stress is on the second syllable: naz-DIK.

Rime avec

تاریک (tarik - dark) باریک (barik - narrow) تبریک (tabrik - congratulation) تکنیک (teknik - technique) پلاستیک (plastik - plastic) موزیک (muzik - music) شیک (shik - chic) نیک (nik - good/fine)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing the 'a' like 'ah' (as in 'father') instead of 'æ' (as in 'cat').
Making the 'i' short like in 'sit' instead of long like in 'feet'.
Putting the stress on the first syllable.
Forgetting to pronounce the final 'k' clearly.
Confusing the 'z' sound with an 's' sound.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

The word is short and easy to recognize in text.

Écriture 3/5

Requires understanding the Ezafe or 'be' preposition.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward for English speakers.

Écoute 3/5

Can be confused with 'nazdiki' or 'nazdikan' in fast speech.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

دور (far) کجا (where) هست (is) خانه (house) دوست (friend)

Apprends ensuite

کنار (beside) روبرو (opposite) پشت (behind) داخل (inside) خارج (outside)

Avancé

مجاورت (vicinity) قرابت (affinity) اتصال (connection) تقرب (approaching/spiritual closeness) قریب‌الوقوع (imminent)

Grammaire à connaître

Ezafe Construction

نزدیکِ خانه (nazdik-e khaneh) - The 'e' sound links the adjective to the noun.

Preposition 'be'

نزدیک به من (nazdik be man) - 'Near to me'.

Comparative Suffix '-tar'

نزدیک‌تر (nazdik-tar) - Closer.

Superlative Suffix '-tarin'

نزدیک‌ترین (nazdik-tarin) - Closest.

Subjunctive with 'Nazdik bud'

نزدیک بود بروم (nazdik bud beravam) - I almost went.

Exemples par niveau

خانه من نزدیک است.

My house is near.

Simple Subject + Adjective + Verb structure.

مدرسه نزدیک است؟

Is the school near?

Question form using intonation.

ایستگاه اتوبوس خیلی نزدیک است.

The bus station is very near.

Use of 'kheyli' (very) to modify the adjective.

نانوایی نزدیکِ اینجا است.

The bakery is near here.

Use of Ezafe (-e) to connect 'nazdik' to 'inja' (here).

کتابخانه نزدیک نیست.

The library is not near.

Negative form using 'nist' (is not).

پارک به خانه ما نزدیک است.

The park is near to our house.

Use of 'be' (to) as a preposition.

اینجا نزدیک است.

It is near here.

Simple demonstrative usage.

مسجد نزدیکِ بازار است.

The mosque is near the bazaar.

Connecting two nouns with 'nazdik' and Ezafe.

ما به ایستگاه نزدیک می‌شویم.

We are getting close to the station.

Present continuous sense with 'mishavim'.

این راه نزدیک‌تر است.

This way is closer.

Comparative form '-tar'.

نزدیکِ ساعتِ ده است.

It is near ten o'clock.

Temporal usage for 'nearly'.

او در یک شهرِ نزدیک زندگی می‌کند.

He lives in a nearby city.

Adjective following a noun with Ezafe.

نزدیکِ عید همه خوشحال هستند.

Near Nowruz, everyone is happy.

Temporal usage with a holiday.

آیا سوپرمارکتِ نزدیک‌تری هست؟

Is there a closer supermarket?

Comparative adjective in a question.

ما نزدیکِ هم می‌نشینیم.

We sit near each other.

Adverbial usage describing an action.

هوا نزدیکِ غروب سرد می‌شود.

The weather gets cold near sunset.

Temporal usage with 'ghoroob' (sunset).

او یکی از دوستانِ نزدیکِ من است.

He is one of my close friends.

Relational usage for intimacy.

نزدیک بود تصادف کنم.

I almost had an accident.

Idiomatic 'nazdik bud' + subjunctive.

نزدیک به صد نفر در جلسه بودند.

Nearly a hundred people were in the meeting.

Approximation with numbers.

ما باید این موضوع را از نزدیک بررسی کنیم.

We must examine this matter from up close.

Idiomatic 'az nazdik' (closely/in person).

او به خانواده‌اش خیلی نزدیک است.

He is very close to his family.

Emotional proximity.

نزدیکِ دو ماه است که او را ندیده‌ام.

It has been nearly two months since I saw him.

Temporal approximation.

نزدیک‌ترین راه به موفقیت تلاش است.

The closest way to success is effort.

Superlative form '-tarin' in a metaphor.

آیا می‌توانی نزدیک‌تر بیایی؟

Can you come closer?

Comparative in an imperative/request.

نظراتِ ما در موردِ پروژه به هم نزدیک است.

Our opinions about the project are close to each other.

Abstract proximity of ideas.

او به پایانِ تحصیلاتش نزدیک می‌شود.

He is approaching the end of his studies.

Process of approaching a goal.

این رنگ به رنگِ اصلی خیلی نزدیک است.

This color is very close to the original color.

Comparison of qualities.

آن‌ها با هم نسبتِ فامیلیِ نزدیکی دارند.

They have a close family relationship.

Formal relational usage.

نزدیک بود که رازِ او فاش شود.

His secret was close to being revealed.

Abstract 'nazdik bud' construction.

او از نزدیک با مشکلاتِ مردم آشنا است.

He is closely familiar with the people's problems.

Idiomatic 'az nazdik' for first-hand experience.

قیمتِ طلا به اوجِ خود نزدیک شده است.

The price of gold has approached its peak.

Economic/Formal context.

ما در نزدیکیِ مرز زندگی می‌کنیم.

We live in the vicinity of the border.

Noun form 'nazdiki' in a prepositional phrase.

تحلیلِ او از اوضاع به واقعیت نزدیک‌تر بود.

His analysis of the situation was closer to reality.

Comparative in an analytical context.

این دو فرهنگ از بسیاری جهات به هم نزدیک هستند.

These two cultures are close to each other in many ways.

Sociological/Abstract comparison.

او با یک نگاهِ نزدیک‌تر متوجهِ اشتباه شد.

With a closer look, he noticed the mistake.

Metaphorical use of physical distance for attention.

نزدیکیِ این دو واقعه باعثِ تعجبِ همگان شد.

The proximity of these two events surprised everyone.

Noun 'nazdiki' as the subject of a sentence.

او در تمامِ این مدت به خدا نزدیک‌تر شده است.

During all this time, he has become closer to God.

Spiritual/Mystical usage.

روابطِ دیپلماتیکِ دو کشور به مرحله‌یِ نزدیکی رسیده است.

The diplomatic relations of the two countries have reached a close stage.

Formal political terminology.

او از نزدیک شاهدِ تمامِ ماجرا بود.

He witnessed the entire incident from up close.

Legal/Narrative usage of 'az nazdik'.

این ترجمه به متنِ اصلی بسیار نزدیک است.

This translation is very close to the original text.

Literary/Academic comparison.

در عرفانِ ایرانی، هدفِ نهایی نزدیکی به معشوق است.

In Iranian mysticism, the ultimate goal is proximity to the Beloved.

Highly formal/Philosophical usage.

قرابتِ معناییِ این دو بیت غیرِقابلِ‌انکار است.

The semantic proximity of these two couplets is undeniable.

Use of 'gharabat' (Arabic root synonym) in literary criticism.

او با ظرافتی خاص، خود را به کانونِ قدرت نزدیک کرد.

With specific subtlety, he brought himself closer to the center of power.

Metaphorical/Political maneuvering.

نزدیک بودنِ مرگ، او را به بازنگری در زندگی واداشت.

The proximity of death compelled him to re-evaluate his life.

Existential usage.

این نظریه از لحاظِ منطقی به کمال نزدیک است.

This theory is logically close to perfection.

Academic/Scientific superlative concept.

او از نزدیک در جریانِ جزئیاتِ محرمانه‌یِ پرونده قرار داشت.

He was closely involved in the confidential details of the case.

Idiomatic usage in a formal/legal context.

نزدیکیِ فکریِ آن‌ها منجر به یک همکاریِ بی‌نظیر شد.

Their intellectual proximity led to a unique collaboration.

Abstract noun usage.

شاعر در این اثر، به زبانی نزدیک به زبانِ توده‌یِ مردم سخن می‌گوید.

In this work, the poet speaks in a language close to the language of the masses.

Linguistic/Stylistic analysis.

Collocations courantes

دوست نزدیک

راه نزدیک

نزدیک به

از نزدیک

نزدیک شدن

فامیل نزدیک

نزدیک غروب

نزدیک به واقعیت

همین نزدیکی‌ها

نزدیک به هم

Phrases Courantes

نزدیک است که...

در نزدیکیِ

خیلی نزدیک

نزدیک به پایان

نزدیک به مرگ

نزدیک به هدف

نزدیک به هم بودن

نزدیک به صد

نزدیک به صفر

نزدیک به عید

Souvent confondu avec

نزدیك vs کنار (Kenar)

Kenar means 'beside' or 'next to'. Nazdik is 'near' but can have a gap.

نزدیك vs بغل (Baghal)

Baghal is very informal and means 'next to' or 'in the arms of'.

نزدیك vs شبیه (Shabih)

Shabih means 'similar'. Sometimes 'nazdik' is used to mean 'similar in quality'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"نزدیک بود (بمیرم/بیفتم)"

I almost (died/fell). Used to describe a narrow escape.

نزدیک بود از پله‌ها بیفتم.

Colloquial

"بیخِ گوش"

Right under one's nose; extremely close.

دزد بیخِ گوشِ پلیس بود.

Informal

"از نزدیک دیدن"

To see in person or to experience first-hand.

من برج ایفل را از نزدیک دیده‌ام.

Neutral

"دل‌ها را به هم نزدیک کردن"

To reconcile people or bring them emotionally closer.

این مهمانی دل‌ها را به هم نزدیک کرد.

Poetic/Neutral

"نزدیک به یقین"

Almost certain.

نزدیک به یقین می‌دانم که او می‌آید.

Formal

"راهِ نزدیک"

A short distance. Often used in Taarof to downplay effort.

خوش آمدید، راه نزدیک بود.

Social/Taarof

"نزدیک به واقعیت بودن"

To be realistic or plausible.

نقشه‌ی تو نزدیک به واقعیت نیست.

Neutral

"نزدیک شدنِ سایه‌یِ مرگ"

The approach of death (literary).

او نزدیک شدنِ سایه‌یِ مرگ را حس می‌کرد.

Literary

"نزدیک به هم آمدن"

To converge or come together.

نظراتِ آن‌ها کم‌کم به هم نزدیک شد.

Neutral

"نزدیک به اتمام"

Nearing completion.

ساختمان نزدیک به اتمام است.

Formal

Facile à confondre

نزدیك vs قریب (Gharib)

Sounds similar to 'Gharib' (stranger/odd) in some pronunciations.

قریب (Gharib with Ghayn) means near. غریب (Gharib with Ghayn) means stranger. They are spelled differently in Persian.

قریب به اتفاق (Almost all) vs آدم غریب (A strange person).

نزدیك vs کنار (Kenar)

Both describe proximity.

Kenar is 'beside' (touching or very close). Nazdik is 'near' (general vicinity).

کنار من (Beside me) vs نزدیک من (Near me).

نزدیك vs تقریباً (Taghriban)

Both mean 'nearly'.

Taghriban is an adverb meaning 'approximately'. Nazdik is an adjective that can function as 'nearly' with 'be'.

تقریباً ده نفر vs نزدیک به ده نفر.

نزدیك vs بغل (Baghal)

Both mean 'near'.

Baghal is informal and implies being right next to something. Nazdik is neutral.

بغلِ نانوایی (Next to the bakery).

نزدیك vs همسایه (Hamsayeh)

Neighbors are near.

Hamsayeh is a noun (neighbor). Nazdik is an adjective (near).

او همسایه ماست (He is our neighbor).

Structures de phrases

[Noun] نزدیک است.

مدرسه نزدیک است.

[Noun] به [Noun] نزدیک است.

خانه به پارک نزدیک است.

نزدیکِ [Noun] است.

نزدیکِ بازار است.

نزدیک بود [Subjunctive Verb].

نزدیک بود بیفتم.

نزدیک به [Number] [Noun].

نزدیک به ده نفر.

از نزدیک [Verb].

او را از نزدیک دیدم.

نزدیکیِ [Noun] و [Noun].

نزدیکیِ نظراتِ ما.

در نزدیکیِ [Noun] قرار داشتن.

در نزدیکیِ دریا قرار دارد.

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Adjectifs

Apparenté

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely high in both spoken and written Persian.

Erreurs courantes

من نزدیک مدرسه هستم (Missing Ezafe/Preposition) → من نزدیکِ مدرسه هستم / من نزدیک به مدرسه هستم
You must link 'nazdik' to the following noun using Ezafe or 'be'.
او بیشتر نزدیک آمد (Incorrect Comparative) → او نزدیک‌تر آمد
Persian uses the suffix '-tar' for comparisons, not 'bishtar'.
نزدیک بود افتادم (Incorrect Mood) → نزدیک بود بیفتم
After 'nazdik bud' (almost), you must use the subjunctive mood (biyoftam), not the past tense (oftadam).
نزدیک با من (Incorrect Preposition) → نزدیک به من
The preposition for 'near to' is always 'be', never 'ba' (with).
ایستگاه نزدیک‌ترین (Incorrect Word Order) → نزدیک‌ترین ایستگاه
Superlative adjectives like 'nazdik-tarin' usually come before the noun they modify.

Astuces

The Ezafe Rule

When 'nazdik' is followed by a noun, always use the Ezafe (-e) or 'be'. Never say 'nazdik khaneh'.

Opposites Attract

Learn 'nazdik' and 'door' (far) together. They are the most common pair for describing distance.

Subjunctive Alert

When using 'nazdik bud' to mean 'almost', the next verb must be in the subjunctive mood.

Taarof Proximity

In Taarof, use 'rah nazdik bud' to be polite to guests, even if they traveled a long way.

Formal Synonyms

Use 'قریب' in formal essays to sound more academic when giving approximations.

Catch the 'e'

Listen closely for the short 'e' sound after 'nazdik' to know if it's describing the following noun.

Next-door-ik

Associate 'Nazdik' with 'Next-door' to remember it means near.

Time and Space

Remember 'nazdik' works for both time ('near 5:00') and space ('near the park').

Close Friends

Use 'doost-e nazdik' to describe your best friends; it carries a lot of warmth in Persian.

Asking Directions

Master 'Nazdik-tarin [Place] kojast?' to find anything you need while traveling.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Naz' (like NASA) and 'Dik' (like a compass needle). NASA needs a 'Naz-dik' (near) compass to land on the moon.

Association visuelle

Imagine two magnets pulling each other together. The moment they are almost touching, they are 'nazdik'.

Word Web

Distance Friendship Time Almost Approaching Relatives Vicinity Closer

Défi

Try to use 'nazdik' in three different ways today: once for distance, once for a friend, and once for a time (e.g., 'nearly 5 PM').

Origine du mot

Derived from Middle Persian 'nazd' (near), which comes from Old Persian 'nazdiya'. It shares roots with Avestan 'nazda'.

Sens originel : The core meaning has always been spatial proximity.

Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Iranian > Western Iranian > Persian.

Contexte culturel

No specific sensitivities, but be aware that calling someone a 'doost-e nazdik' implies a high level of trust.

English speakers often use 'close' and 'near' interchangeably, but in Persian, 'nazdik' covers both, plus 'nearly' and 'almost'.

Rumi's poetry often discusses 'nazdiki' to the divine. The movie 'Close-Up' (Nema-ye Nazdik) by Abbas Kiarostami. The phrase 'Shahre Nazdik' (Nearby City) in many folk tales.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Asking for directions

نزدیک‌ترین مترو کجاست؟
آیا بازار نزدیک است؟
چقدر نزدیک است؟
خیلی نزدیک است.

Describing friends

او دوست نزدیک من است.
ما خیلی به هم نزدیک هستیم.
دوست نزدیک یعنی برادر.
رابطه نزدیکی داریم.

Talking about time

نزدیک ساعت پنج است.
نزدیک عید است.
به پایان نزدیک می‌شویم.
نزدیک غروب بود.

Approximating numbers

نزدیک به ده نفر.
نزدیک به یک میلیون تومان.
نزدیک به دو ساعت طول کشید.
نزدیک به صد صفحه.

Accidents/Near misses

نزدیک بود بیفتم.
نزدیک بود تصادف کنیم.
نزدیک بود دیر برسم.
نزدیک بود یادم برود.

Amorces de conversation

"آیا خانه‌ی شما به مرکز شهر نزدیک است؟ (Is your house near the city center?)"

"بهترین دوست نزدیک شما کیست؟ (Who is your best close friend?)"

"آیا به عید نوروز نزدیک هستیم؟ (Are we close to Nowruz?)"

"نزدیک‌ترین رستوران خوب به اینجا کجاست؟ (Where is the nearest good restaurant to here?)"

"آیا تا به حال یک آدم مشهور را از نزدیک دیده‌اید؟ (Have you ever seen a famous person up close?)"

Sujets d'écriture

درباره یکی از نزدیک‌ترین دوستان خود بنویسید و بگویید چرا به هم نزدیک هستید. (Write about one of your closest friends and say why you are close.)

آیا ترجیح می‌دهید نزدیک به محل کار زندگی کنید یا دور از آن؟ چرا؟ (Do you prefer to live near your workplace or far from it? Why?)

یک بار را توصیف کنید که نزدیک بود اتفاق بدی بیفتد ولی بخیر گذشت. (Describe a time when something bad almost happened but it turned out okay.)

نزدیک‌ترین خاطره‌ای که از دوران کودکی دارید چیست؟ (What is the closest/earliest memory you have from childhood?)

چگونه می‌توانیم در دنیای امروز به هم نزدیک‌تر شویم؟ (How can we become closer to each other in today's world?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

No, it doesn't always need 'be'. You can use the Ezafe construction (nazdik-e) or use it as a standalone adjective (e.g., 'Khaneh nazdik ast'). However, when you want to say 'near to something', you usually use 'be' or Ezafe.

'Nazdik' is an adjective (near), while 'nazdiki' is a noun (proximity/closeness). For example, 'The park is near' (Park nazdik ast) vs 'The proximity of the park' (Nazdiki-ye park).

You use the phrase 'Nazdik bud' followed by the subjunctive: 'نزدیک بود بیفتم' (Nazdik bud biyof-tam). This literally means 'It was near that I fall'.

Yes, it is very common. 'Doost-e nazdik' means a close friend, and 'fameel-e nazdik' means a close relative. It describes emotional and social intimacy.

It is neutral and can be used in any context, from slang to formal literature. For very formal writing, 'قریب' is sometimes preferred for approximations.

Use the superlative suffix '-tarin': 'نزدیک‌ترین' (nazdik-tarin). For example, 'نزدیک‌ترین بانک' (the nearest bank).

'Az nazdik' means 'from up close' or 'in person'. It is used when you see or experience something directly rather than from a distance or through a screen.

Yes, metaphorically. If two ideas or colors are 'nazdik', it means they are very similar to each other.

The primary opposite is 'door' (دور), which means 'far' or 'distant'.

It is pronounced 'naz-DEEK'. The 'a' is like 'cat' and the 'i' is like 'feet'. The stress is on the second syllable.