容認 en 30 secondes

  • 容認 (yōnin) means to tolerate or permit, often with reluctance.
  • It implies accepting a situation that isn't ideal.
  • Used when active approval (承認) isn't given.
  • Common in formal contexts like news and policy discussions.

The Japanese word 容認 (yōnin) is a noun that signifies the act of approving, permitting, or tolerating something. It's often used when a situation is not ideal, but one accepts it, sometimes with a degree of reluctance or passivity. It's more than just 'allowing'; it implies a conscious decision to accept or let something stand, even if it's not fully endorsed. Think of it as saying, "I don't necessarily like it, but I can live with it," or "It's not perfect, but it's acceptable under the circumstances." This word carries a nuance of passive acceptance rather than active endorsement or enthusiasm. It can be used in various contexts, from personal decisions to broader societal issues.

Key Nuance
容認 often implies a situation where one has no better option or chooses not to actively oppose something, leading to its acceptance.
Usage Contexts
It can apply to rules, policies, behaviors, or even personal choices. For instance, a company might 容認 a certain level of employee lateness if it doesn't significantly impact productivity, or a government might 容認 certain economic practices that are not ideal but are deemed necessary for stability.

新しい規則の導入は、多くの困難を伴いましたが、最終的には従業員によって容認されました。

The introduction of the new rules involved many difficulties, but it was ultimately tolerated by the employees.

The term suggests a level of maturity or pragmatism in dealing with imperfect situations. It's about finding a way to move forward, even if not everything is ideal. This word is commonly encountered in news reports, official statements, and discussions about policy or social issues, where compromises and less-than-perfect solutions are often discussed. It's important to distinguish 容認 from active approval (承認 - shōnin), which implies a more positive and willing endorsement. 容認 is closer to 'putting up with' or 'accepting what one cannot change'.

Subtle Distinction
While 承認 means to approve or sanction something, implying a positive agreement, 容認 means to permit or tolerate, suggesting acceptance, often without full enthusiasm, due to circumstances.

政府は、その政策のいくつかの側面について、国民の懸念を容認せざるを得なかった。

The government had to tolerate the public's concerns regarding some aspects of the policy.

In essence, 容認 is about acknowledging a situation and deciding to let it be, rather than fighting against it or actively supporting it. It's a word that reflects a practical approach to managing imperfect realities. It can be used to describe acceptance of things like minor inconveniences, necessary compromises, or situations where outright rejection is not feasible or desirable. The degree of reluctance can vary, from mild inconvenience to significant disagreement, but the outcome is acceptance.

Using 容認 (yōnin) correctly involves understanding its passive or reluctant tone. It's typically used with the particle を (o) to mark the object being tolerated or permitted. The verb forms associated with 容認 are often derived from the verb 認める (mitomeru), meaning 'to recognize' or 'to admit,' but 容認 as a noun implies a specific kind of passive acceptance. When used in sentences, it often appears after a noun phrase describing the situation or action being tolerated. For example, you might see phrases like 「〜を容認する」 (to tolerate/permit something) or 「〜の容認」 (the toleration/permission of something).

Basic Structure
Noun + を + 容認する (suru) - To tolerate/permit Noun.
Example Sentence Structure
[Situation/Action] + を + 容認する。

彼は、部下の遅刻を暗黙のうちに容認していた。

He implicitly tolerated his subordinate's lateness.

In formal writing or news reporting, you might see it used with the verb forms like 容認される (yōnin sareru - to be tolerated/permitted). The nuance of passive acceptance is crucial. If someone is actively supporting or enthusiastically agreeing to something, 容認 would likely not be the word of choice. Instead, words like 承認 (shōnin - approval) or 支持 (shiji - support) would be more appropriate. 容認 is frequently used in contexts involving policies, regulations, or social norms where compromises are made or where a degree of non-conformity is accepted due to practical reasons.

Formal Usage
この問題に対する彼の態度は、容認の姿勢を示していた。
His attitude towards this issue showed a stance of acceptance/tolerance.

社会は、あらゆる意見の相違を容認するべきである。

Society should tolerate all differences of opinion.

The term can also be used in passive constructions. For example, 「〜は容認されている」 (something is tolerated/permitted). This passive form is very common when discussing policies or societal acceptance of certain behaviors or phenomena. It emphasizes that the toleration is a state of being, rather than an active decision by a specific individual at that moment. The context often implies that the situation has been allowed to continue for some time, or that it's a generally accepted state of affairs.

Passive Construction
この種の行為は、法的には容認されていません。
This type of behavior is not legally permitted.

You'll commonly encounter 容認 (yōnin) in formal and semi-formal settings, particularly in Japanese media and official communications. News reports frequently use this term when discussing government policies, legal judgments, or societal trends. For instance, a news anchor might report that a certain practice, while not ideal, has been 容認 by the authorities due to practical considerations. This reflects the word's nuance of reluctant or pragmatic acceptance. It's not a word typically used in casual conversations among friends about everyday matters, unless the topic itself involves some form of compromise or difficult acceptance.

News and Official Statements
News about economic policy, environmental regulations, or social issues often features 容認 when discussing compromises or situations where full approval isn't possible.

専門家は、その技術の普及を容認することの長期的な影響について議論しています。

Experts are discussing the long-term effects of tolerating the spread of that technology.

In academic or business contexts, 容認 might be used when discussing the acceptance of certain risks, unconventional methods, or compromises in negotiations. For example, a research paper might discuss the 容認 of a certain level of uncertainty in experimental results, or a business report might mention the 容認 of a particular market trend, even if it's not the preferred scenario. It's a word that conveys a sense of measured acceptance, often after careful consideration of alternatives.

Business and Academia
Discussions about project management, risk assessment, or strategic planning might involve 容認 when accepting potential downsides or non-ideal outcomes.

組織は、新しい働き方に関する従業員の要求を容認することを決定した。

The organization decided to allow the employees' requests regarding new working styles.

In legal contexts, 容認 can refer to the tacit acceptance of certain actions or conditions. For example, a court might rule that a party has 容認 a particular situation by their inaction or by not objecting to it. This usage highlights the passive aspect of the word. Overall, 容認 is a versatile word used in contexts where acceptance, often with a degree of resignation or pragmatism, is the operative concept. It's a key term for understanding nuanced decision-making and the acceptance of imperfect realities in Japanese society.

Legal and Societal Discussions
Discussions about ethical dilemmas, social compromises, or the acceptance of certain cultural practices often involve 容認.

One of the most common mistakes learners make with 容認 (yōnin) is confusing it with active approval or enthusiastic agreement. 容認 implies a passive or reluctant acceptance, not a wholehearted endorsement. Using 容認 when you mean full approval can lead to miscommunication, making it sound like you are merely putting up with something rather than genuinely agreeing with it.

Mistake 1: Confusing with Active Approval
Incorrect: 私はこの新しい計画を容認します。(I tolerate this new plan.) - This implies you are just putting up with it.
Correct: 私はこの新しい計画を承認します。(I approve this new plan.) - This indicates genuine approval.

新しいアイデアを容認するのは難しい。

It is difficult to tolerate new ideas.

Another common pitfall is using 容認 in contexts where explicit permission or a strong positive endorsement is required. For instance, if a supervisor needs to give official permission for a project, using 容認 might sound like they are just letting it slide rather than actively sanctioning it. In such cases, 許可 (kyoka - permission) or 承認 (shōnin - approval) would be more suitable. The passive nature of 容認 is key; it's often about accepting what is, rather than actively creating or endorsing what should be.

Mistake 2: Overlooking the Passive Nuance
Incorrect: 彼はその提案を容認した。(He tolerated the proposal.) - This might imply he didn't actively support it.
Correct: 彼はその提案を受け入れた。(He accepted the proposal.) or 彼はその提案を支持した。(He supported the proposal.) - These convey more active acceptance or support.

子供たちの騒がしさを容認することは、親にとって時には難しい。

Tolerating the children's noisiness is sometimes difficult for parents.

Finally, learners might misuse 容認 in situations requiring strong disapproval. While 容認 means to tolerate, it doesn't imply that the thing being tolerated is necessarily bad or wrong, but rather that it is accepted. If the intention is to express disapproval or rejection, 容認 would be inappropriate. For example, if a company policy is being actively opposed, saying it is being 容認 would be contradictory. Words like 反対 (hantai - opposition) or 拒否 (kyohi - rejection) would be needed instead. The key is to remember that 容認 sits in the middle ground of acceptance, not strong approval or strong disapproval.

Mistake 3: Using it for Disapproval
Incorrect: 彼はその不正行為を容認した。(He tolerated the fraudulent act.) - This sounds like he is accepting it.
Correct: 彼はその不正行為を黙認した。(He tacitly approved/connived at the fraudulent act.) or 彼はその不正行為を非難した。(He condemned the fraudulent act.) - Depending on the intended meaning.

Understanding 容認 (yōnin) is enhanced by comparing it to similar words. The most direct comparison is with 承認 (shōnin), meaning 'approval' or 'sanction.' While 容認 implies a passive or reluctant acceptance, 承認 suggests a more active, positive, and often official endorsement. If you are genuinely happy about something and give it your full backing, 承認 is the word. If you are just letting it slide or accepting it because you have no choice, 容認 is more fitting.

容認 (yōnin) vs. 承認 (shōnin)
容認 (yōnin): To permit, tolerate, accept (often reluctantly or passively). Implies acceptance of a situation, even if not ideal.
承認 (shōnin): To approve, sanction, recognize (actively and positively). Implies formal or enthusiastic agreement.
Example:
新しいプロジェクトの計画は、上司によって容認されたが、完全な承認はまだ得られていない。(The plan for the new project was tolerated by the boss, but full approval has not yet been obtained.)

The company tolerated the late submissions, but did not approve of them.

会社は提出の遅れを容認したが、それを承認はしなかった。

Another related word is 許可 (kyoka), meaning 'permission.' While 容認 can imply permission, 許可 is more direct and often refers to a formal granting of permission by an authority. For example, you need 許可 to build a house, but a company might 容認 minor rule bending. 黙認 (mokunin), meaning 'tacit approval' or 'connivance,' is also similar but implies a deliberate choice not to object, often when one knows something is wrong but chooses to ignore it. 黙認 carries a stronger sense of knowing and consciously overlooking.

容認 (yōnin) vs. 許可 (kyoka) vs. 黙認 (mokunin)
容認 (yōnin): To permit, tolerate (passive/reluctant acceptance).
許可 (kyoka): To permit, grant permission (formal, active granting).
黙認 (mokunin): To tacitly approve, connive, ignore (knowing and deliberate inaction).
Example:
政府は、その行為を許可していないが、黙認している状況だ。市民は、その現状を容認せざるを得ない。(The government does not permit that act, but is in a state of connivance. The citizens have no choice but to tolerate the current situation.)

We need permission to enter, but we can tolerate the delay.

入るには許可が必要だが、遅延は容認できる。

Finally, 受容 (juyō), meaning 'acceptance' or 'reception,' is a broader term that can encompass both active and passive acceptance. While 容認 specifically highlights the tolerance of something less than ideal, 受容 can refer to accepting new ideas, change, or even people. It's less about specific actions and more about a general state of being open to or embracing something. 容認 is more about allowing something to continue or exist, whereas 受容 can be about internalizing or embracing it.

容認 (yōnin) vs. 受容 (juyō)
容認 (yōnin): To permit, tolerate (specific to allowing something, often imperfect).
受容 (juyō): Acceptance, reception (broader term for embracing or coming to terms with something).
Example:
社会は多様な文化の受容を進めるべきだが、非人道的な慣習は容認すべきではない。(Society should promote the acceptance of diverse cultures, but inhumane customs should not be tolerated.)

How Formal Is It?

Formel

"本法案は、国民生活への影響を考慮し、一定の条件下でその実施を<strong>容認</strong>するものである。"

Neutre

"彼は、チームのメンバーが少し遅れてくることを<strong>容認</strong>している。"

Informel

"まあ、ちょっとくらいなら<strong>容認</strong>できるよ。"

Child friendly

"お母さんは、あなたが宿題をしないことを<strong>容認</strong>しないよ。"

Le savais-tu ?

The character 容 itself appears in words related to appearance (容姿 - yōshi) and capacity (容量 - yōryō). The 'nin' character is also fundamental in words like 認識 (ninshiki - recognition) and 認定 (nintei - certification), highlighting its core meaning of 'knowing' or 'acknowledging.' The combination in 容認 creates a specific nuance of allowing something to be known or recognized without necessarily approving it fully.

Guide de prononciation

UK /jɔːˈnɪn/
US /joʊˈnɪn/
The stress is on the second syllable: yo-NIN.
Rime avec
chin grin in kin lin min pin sin tin win
Erreurs fréquentes
  • Pronouncing the 'yo' too much like 'yu' in 'you'.
  • Not stressing the second syllable sufficiently.
  • Confusing the vowel sounds in the syllables.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

The word itself is moderately difficult due to its nuanced meaning. However, its usage in formal contexts means learners will encounter it in texts discussing policy, economics, or social issues, which can increase the overall reading difficulty.

Écriture 4/5

Accurately using 容認 in writing requires a good understanding of its subtle meaning and distinguishing it from similar words like 承認 or 許可. Overuse or misuse can lead to miscommunication.

Expression orale 3/5

While not overly complex phonetically, conveying the nuanced meaning of reluctant acceptance in spoken Japanese requires careful phrasing and contextual awareness.

Écoute 3/5

Recognizing 容認 in spoken Japanese is generally straightforward once the word is learned. The challenge lies in interpreting the speaker's intent and the degree of reluctance implied by the context.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

認める (mitomeru) 許可 (kyoka) 承認 (shōnin) 受け入れる (ukeireru) 許す (yurusu)

Apprends ensuite

黙認 (mokunin) 寛容 (kan'yō) 忍耐 (nintai) 妥協 (dakyō) 容喙 (yōkai)

Avancé

静観 (seikan) 拱手傍観 (kyōshu bōkan) 黙って見過ごす (damatte misugosu)

Grammaire à connaître

Using を (o) particle with transitive verbs.

When 容認 is used as a verb (容認する), the object being tolerated is marked with the particle を. Example: 彼はその遅刻を容認した。(He tolerated the lateness.)

Passive voice with られる (reru/areru).

The passive form 容認される (yōnin sareru) means 'to be tolerated' or 'to be permitted'. Example: この行為は容認されない。(This act is not tolerated.)

The 〜せざるを得ない (sezaru o enai) structure.

This structure indicates compulsion or lack of choice. Example: 状況を容認せざるを得なかった。(We had no choice but to tolerate the situation.)

Adjectival use with できない (dekinai).

The phrase 容認できない (yōnin dekinai) functions like an adjective meaning 'unacceptable' or 'intolerable'. Example: その発言は容認できない。(That remark is unacceptable.)

Nominalization with の (no).

The noun form 容認 can be used after particles or within noun phrases. Example: 彼の容認は意外だった。(His acceptance was surprising.)

Exemples par niveau

1

子供は、親のルールを容認する。

The child tolerates the parent's rules.

容認 (yōnin) is a noun. Here it's used with the particle を (o) and the verb する (suru).

2

雨の日を容認する。

Tolerate a rainy day.

This is a concise phrase, implying 'to tolerate the rainy day'.

3

古いやり方を容認する。

Tolerate the old way of doing things.

The particle を (o) connects the object (古いやり方) to the verb 容認する.

4

少しの遅れを容認する。

Tolerate a slight delay.

The phrase '少しの遅れ' (a slight delay) acts as the direct object.

5

彼はその状況を容認した。

He tolerated the situation.

The past tense of する (suru) is した (shita).

6

彼女は、その変更を容認しない。

She does not tolerate the change.

The negative form of する (suru) is しない (shinai).

7

この規則は容認されるべきだ。

This rule should be tolerated.

This uses the passive form 容認される (yōnin sareru).

8

私たちは、不完全さを容認する。

We tolerate imperfection.

不完全さ (fukanzensa) means imperfection.

1

会社は、従業員の自由な服装を容認している。

The company allows employees to dress freely.

This implies a policy of acceptance rather than strict rules.

2

彼は、自分の間違いを容認した。

He admitted his mistake.

Here, 容認 can also mean to acknowledge or accept fault.

3

その地域では、騒音は容認されている。

Noise is tolerated in that area.

Passive voice: 容認されている (yōnin sarete iru) - is being tolerated.

4

この状況を容認せざるを得ない。

We have no choice but to tolerate this situation.

〜せざるを得ない (sezaru o enai) - cannot help but do something.

5

彼女は、彼の意見の相違を容認した。

She tolerated his difference of opinion.

This highlights acceptance of differing views.

6

古いシステムは、まだ容認されている。

The old system is still being accepted.

Passive voice, indicating a current state of acceptance.

7

私たちは、一部の不便を容認する必要がある。

We need to tolerate some inconvenience.

〜必要がある (hitsuyō ga aru) - need to do something.

8

彼の振る舞いは、容認できる範囲内だった。

His behavior was within the acceptable range.

容認できる (yōnin dekiru) - can be tolerated/acceptable.

1

政府は、環境問題に対する国民の懸念を容認した。

The government acknowledged the public's concerns about environmental issues.

This implies a passive acknowledgement rather than a full solution.

2

その企業は、従業員によるソーシャルメディアの利用を容認する方針を打ち出した。

The company announced a policy of allowing employees to use social media.

This suggests a policy of acceptance, not necessarily enthusiastic endorsement.

3

この種の遅延は、プロジェクトの性質上、容認せざるを得ない。

Delays of this kind are unavoidable and must be tolerated due to the nature of the project.

〜せざるを得ない (sezaru o enai) emphasizes the lack of alternative.

4

彼は、自分の限界を容認し、新しいスキルを学ぶことに集中した。

He accepted his limitations and focused on learning new skills.

Here, 容認 implies accepting a reality about oneself.

5

社会は、意見の多様性を容認する寛容さを持つべきだ。

Society should possess the tolerance to accept diversity of opinions.

This connects 容認 with the concept of tolerance.

6

その決定は、多くの批判を招いたが、最終的には容認された。

The decision invited much criticism, but was ultimately tolerated.

Passive voice indicating acceptance despite opposition.

7

彼は、自分の過去の過ちを容認し、前進することを決意した。

He accepted his past mistakes and resolved to move forward.

Similar to accepting limitations, it's about accepting one's history.

8

この製品は、品質に多少のばらつきがあることを容認して購入する必要がある。

You need to purchase this product with the understanding that there may be some variation in quality.

Implies accepting a known imperfection.

1

その組織は、一部の例外的な状況下でのみ、規則の逸脱を容認することを決定した。

The organization decided to permit deviations from the rules only under certain exceptional circumstances.

Emphasizes conditional acceptance.

2

経済的な不安定さにもかかわらず、国民はその現状を容認し続けている。

Despite economic instability, the public continues to tolerate the current situation.

Highlights societal acceptance of difficult conditions.

3

新しい技術の導入は、既存のシステムとの互換性の問題から、当初は容認されにくかった。

The introduction of new technology was initially difficult to accept due to compatibility issues with existing systems.

Passive voice, indicating resistance to acceptance.

4

彼は、自分のキャリアにおける一時的な停滞を容認し、将来の機会に備えることにした。

He accepted the temporary stagnation in his career and decided to prepare for future opportunities.

Implies acceptance of a phase without full satisfaction.

5

この論争は、両者が相手の立場をある程度容認しなければ解決しないだろう。

This dispute will not be resolved unless both parties tolerate each other's positions to some extent.

Focuses on the necessity of tolerance for resolution.

6

その政治家は、国民の批判を容認する姿勢を示したが、具体的な行動は伴わなかった。

The politician showed an attitude of tolerating public criticism, but it was not accompanied by concrete action.

Highlights the gap between stated acceptance and action.

7

現代社会では、多様なライフスタイルに対する容認の度合いが高まっている。

In modern society, the degree of tolerance for diverse lifestyles is increasing.

Discusses a societal shift towards tolerance.

8

研究チームは、実験結果のわずかな誤差を容認し、分析を進めた。

The research team accepted minor errors in the experimental results and proceeded with the analysis.

Implies acceptance of minor imperfections in data.

1

その法律は、一部の専門職においては、特定の行為の容認を規定している。

The law stipulates the allowance of certain actions within some professions.

Formal legal context, implying codified permission.

2

過去の歴史的出来事に対する現代の解釈は、当時の基準では容認され得ないものも多い。

Many modern interpretations of past historical events are unacceptable by the standards of that time.

Discusses historical context and changing norms of acceptance.

3

彼の態度は、単なる容認を超え、積極的にその変化を支持するものであった。

His attitude went beyond mere toleration; it actively supported the change.

Distinguishes 容認 from active support.

4

文化的な相対主義の観点からは、あらゆる慣習を容認すべきだという意見もある。

From the perspective of cultural relativism, there is an opinion that all customs should be tolerated.

Philosophical discussion on the extent of tolerance.

5

組織の存続のためには、一時的な業績の低下を容認せざるを得ない状況であった。

For the survival of the organization, there was no choice but to tolerate a temporary decline in performance.

Emphasizes the necessity of acceptance for a larger goal.

6

その芸術作品は、その過激さゆえに、当初は社会の大部分から容認されなかった。

Due to its radical nature, the artwork was initially not tolerated by a large part of society.

Passive voice describing societal reaction to unconventional art.

7

長期的な視点に立てば、この種の過ちの容認は、将来の改善につながる可能性もある。

From a long-term perspective, tolerating this type of mistake may lead to future improvements.

Suggests that tolerating mistakes can be a learning opportunity.

8

彼は、自身の政治的信念と異なる政策であっても、国家の安定のために容認した。

He tolerated policies that differed from his own political beliefs for the sake of national stability.

Highlights a pragmatic decision based on national interest.

1

その学術論文は、従来の見解とは異なる、ある種の理論的逸脱を容認する大胆さを示している。

The academic paper demonstrates the boldness to permit a certain theoretical deviation from conventional views.

Sophisticated usage in academic discourse, implying acceptance of novel, potentially controversial ideas.

2

国際社会は、国家主権の原則を容認する一方で、人道に対する罪については介入の余地を認めている。

While the international community tolerates the principle of national sovereignty, it allows room for intervention in cases of crimes against humanity.

Discusses complex international relations and the nuanced boundaries of tolerance.

3

彼の芸術的表現は、しばしば社会規範からの逸脱を伴うが、それは単なる容認の域を超え、新たな価値観の提示と見なされるべきである。

His artistic expression often involves deviations from social norms, but it should be regarded as the presentation of new values, going beyond mere toleration.

Distinguishes between passive toleration and active re-evaluation of norms.

4

倫理的なジレンマに直面した際、我々はしばしば、最善ではない選択肢を容認せざるを得ない。

When faced with ethical dilemmas, we are often compelled to tolerate options that are not the best.

Highlights the unavoidable nature of compromise in ethical decision-making.

5

その歴史的文書は、当時の社会構造の限界から、ある種の不平等な関係性を容認せざるを得なかったことを示唆している。

The historical document suggests that due to the limitations of the social structure at the time, certain unequal relationships had to be tolerated.

Interpreting historical acceptance within its socio-historical context.

6

教育現場における多様な学習ニーズへの容認は、個別指導計画の策定に不可欠である。

The acceptance of diverse learning needs in educational settings is indispensable for the development of individualized instruction plans.

Connects tolerance with the practical implementation of inclusive education.

7

現代のメディア環境においては、情報過多とフェイクニュースの蔓延といった課題を容認しつつ、批判的思考を養うことが求められる。

In the modern media environment, it is necessary to cultivate critical thinking while tolerating challenges such as information overload and the spread of fake news.

Emphasizes the need to coexist with imperfections while developing skills.

8

彼の哲学は、人間の不完全さや矛盾を容認する寛容さに根差しており、それが彼の作品に深みを与えている。

His philosophy is rooted in a tolerance for human imperfection and contradiction, which lends depth to his work.

Discusses tolerance as a fundamental philosophical stance.

Collocations courantes

容認できない (yōnin dekinai)
容認する姿勢 (yōnin suru shisei)
容認の範囲 (yōnin no han'i)
法的に容認される (hōteki ni yōnin sareru)
暗黙の容認 (anmoku no yōnin)
社会的な容認 (shakaiteki na yōnin)
一定の容認 (ittei no yōnin)
容認せざるを得ない (yōnin sezaru o enai)
容認の度合い (yōnin no doai)
容認の限界 (yōnin no genkai)

Phrases Courantes

容認できない (yōnin dekinai)

— Cannot be tolerated; unacceptable.

彼の不正行為は<strong>容認できない</strong>。(His dishonest behavior is <strong>unacceptable</strong>.)

容認する (yōnin suru)

— To tolerate, to permit, to allow.

政府は新しい政策を<strong>容認</strong>した。(The government <strong>tolerated</strong> the new policy.)

容認される (yōnin sareru)

— To be tolerated, to be permitted.

この種の行動は<strong>容認されない</strong>。(This kind of behavior is not <strong>tolerated</strong>.)

容認の範囲内 (yōnin no han'i nai)

— Within the scope of tolerance; acceptable.

その遅延は<strong>容認の範囲内</strong>でした。(The delay was <strong>within the acceptable range</strong>.)

容認せざるを得ない (yōnin sezaru o enai)

— Have no choice but to tolerate; must accept.

この状況は<strong>容認せざるを得ない</strong>。(We have no choice but to <strong>tolerate</strong> this situation.)

容認の態度 (yōnin no taido)

— An attitude of tolerance or acceptance.

彼は常に<strong>容認の態度</strong>で接してくれる。(He always approaches me with an <strong>attitude of tolerance</strong>.)

容認できない事態 (yōnin dekinai jitai)

— An unacceptable situation.

これは<strong>容認できない事態</strong>だ。(This is an <strong>unacceptable situation</strong>.)

容認の余地 (yōnin no yochi)

— Room for tolerance; possibility of acceptance.

この問題には<strong>容認の余地</strong>がない。(There is no <strong>room for tolerance</strong> on this issue.)

容認の基準 (yōnin no kijun)

— Standards of tolerance; criteria for acceptance.

<strong>容認の基準</strong>は人それぞれ違う。(The <strong>standards of tolerance</strong> differ from person to person.)

容認と承認の違い (yōnin to shōnin no chigai)

— The difference between tolerance and approval.

<strong>容認と承認の違い</strong>を理解することが重要だ。(It is important to understand the <strong>difference between tolerance and approval</strong>.)

Souvent confondu avec

容認 vs 承認 (shōnin)

承認 means active approval or sanction. 容認 is passive or reluctant acceptance. Confusing them can make you sound like you're approving something you're actually just tolerating.

容認 vs 許可 (kyoka)

許可 is formal permission granted. 容認 is more about accepting a situation that exists or might exist, rather than actively granting permission.

容認 vs 黙認 (mokunin)

黙認 implies a conscious decision to overlook something undesirable, often knowing it's wrong. 容認 is broader and can include situations that aren't necessarily wrong but simply not ideal.

Facile à confondre

容認 vs 承認 (shōnin)

Both words involve some form of acceptance or allowing something.

承認 implies active, positive approval or sanction, like giving a green light. 容認 implies passive or reluctant acceptance, often of something imperfect or inconvenient, like a yellow light or just letting it be.

彼はプロジェクトを<strong>承認</strong>したが、その進め方については<strong>容認</strong>できない点もあった。(He <strong>approved</strong> the project, but there were points about how it was proceeding that he couldn't <strong>tolerate</strong>.)

容認 vs 許可 (kyoka)

Both can mean 'permission' in a broad sense.

許可 is formal, explicit permission granted by an authority. 容認 is more about accepting a state of affairs or a behavior, often without explicit formal permission, and may involve less enthusiasm. You need 許可 to build a house, but a company might 容認 minor rule-bending.

この場所での写真撮影は<strong>許可</strong>されていませんが、多くの人が<strong>容認</strong>している。(Taking photos here is not <strong>permitted</strong>, but many people <strong>tolerate</strong> it.)

容認 vs 黙認 (mokunin)

Both involve not actively opposing something.

黙認 means to tacitly approve or connive; it implies knowing something is wrong or undesirable but deliberately choosing not to object. 容認 is broader; it means to tolerate or permit, which can include things that are simply inconvenient or not ideal, not necessarily wrong. 黙認 often carries a negative connotation of complicity.

彼は不正を<strong>黙認</strong>したが、それは<strong>容認</strong>できる範囲を超えていた。(He <strong>connived at</strong> the fraud, but it went beyond what could be <strong>tolerated</strong>.)

容認 vs 受容 (juyō)

Both mean acceptance.

受容 is a broader term for acceptance, reception, or embracing something new (ideas, change, people). 容認 specifically implies tolerating or permitting something, often with a sense of resignation or because it's not ideal. You might 受容 a new technology, but you might 容認 a minor bug in it.

新しい文化の<strong>受容</strong>は重要だが、非人道的な慣習は<strong>容認</strong>すべきではない。(The <strong>acceptance</strong> of new cultures is important, but inhumane customs should not be <strong>tolerated</strong>.)

容認 vs 許容 (kiyō)

They share the character 容 and both relate to allowance or tolerance.

許容 often refers to limits, capacity, or tolerance in a more technical or objective sense (e.g., material tolerance, load capacity). 容認 is more about social, ethical, or situational acceptance, often with a subjective element of reluctance or pragmatism.

この橋は、一定の重量まで<strong>許容</strong>できるが、それ以上の負荷は<strong>容認</strong>できない。(This bridge can <strong>tolerate</strong> up to a certain weight, but loads beyond that are <strong>unacceptable</strong>.)

Structures de phrases

Beginner

Object + を + 容認する。

彼はその間違いを<strong>容認した</strong>。(He <strong>tolerated</strong> the mistake.)

Beginner

Object + は + 容認される。

その遅延は<strong>容認される</strong>。(The delay <strong>is tolerated</strong>.)

Intermediate

Object + は + 容認できない。

この状況は<strong>容認できない</strong>。(This situation <strong>is unacceptable</strong>.)

Intermediate

Situation + を + 容認せざるを得ない。

私たちはこの不便を<strong>容認せざるを得ない</strong>。(We have no choice but to <strong>tolerate</strong> this inconvenience.)

Advanced

Subject + は + (something) + として + 容認する。

彼はその計画を、不完全なもの<strong>として容認した</strong>。(He <strong>accepted</strong> the plan <strong>as</strong> imperfect.)

Advanced

Noun phrase + の + 容認

その方針の<strong>容認</strong>には時間がかかった。(It took time for the policy to be <strong>accepted</strong>.)

Advanced

Subject + は + Clause + と + いう + 容認 + 姿勢。

彼は「仕方がない」<strong>という容認</strong>の<strong>姿勢</strong>を示した。(He showed an <strong>attitude of acceptance</strong>, thinking 'it can't be helped'.)

Advanced

Context + における + 容認。

現代社会<strong>における</strong>多様性の<strong>容認</strong>は重要だ。(The <strong>tolerance</strong> of diversity <strong>in</strong> modern society is important.)

Famille de mots

Noms

Verbes

Apparenté

認める (mitomeru) to recognize, to admit, to acknowledge
承認 (shōnin) approval, sanction
許容 (kiyō) tolerance, allowance, capacity
容喙 (yōkai) to meddle, to interfere (rare)
容姿 (yōshi) appearance, looks

Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Medium to High in formal and semi-formal contexts.

Erreurs courantes
  • Using 容認 when active approval is meant. 承認 (shōnin)

    Learners often mistake 容認 for active approval. If you genuinely endorse something, use 承認. 容認 implies letting something slide or accepting it due to circumstances, not enthusiasm.

  • Using 容認 for formal permission. 許可 (kyoka)

    For official, formal permission granted by an authority, 許可 is the correct word. 容認 is more about accepting a situation or behavior that exists or might occur, often without explicit formal backing.

  • Confusing 容認 with 黙認 (mokunin) when something is wrong. 黙認 (mokunin) or 反対 (hantai) depending on intent.

    黙認 implies deliberately overlooking something known to be wrong. 容認 is broader and can mean accepting something that is simply inconvenient or not ideal, not necessarily wrong. If something is wrong and you choose not to object, 黙認 might fit. If you actively disagree, use 反対.

  • Using 容認 to mean 'to forgive'. 容赦 (yōsha)

    容認 means to tolerate or permit, whereas 容赦 means to forgive or show mercy. They are distinct concepts. You tolerate a situation, but you forgive a person's mistake.

  • Treating 容認 as a strong endorsement. Understand the passive/reluctant nuance.

    The core meaning of 容認 is acceptance without full enthusiasm or active endorsement. It's about pragmatism or lack of alternatives. Failing to grasp this can lead to misrepresenting your stance.

Astuces

Distinguish from Active Approval

Always remember that 容認 implies passive or reluctant acceptance, not active, enthusiastic approval. If you mean 'approve,' use 承認 (shōnin). If you mean 'permit formally,' use 許可 (kyoka).

Consider the Nuance of Reluctance

When using 容認, consider if the situation is truly ideal or if there's an element of compromise or resignation involved. This nuance is key to using the word correctly and effectively.

Formal vs. Informal

容認 is more common in formal and semi-formal contexts like news, policy discussions, and business. While it can be used informally, ensure the context supports the nuanced meaning of passive acceptance.

Verb Forms

Familiarize yourself with the verb form 容認する (yōnin suru - to tolerate) and the passive form 容認される (yōnin sareru - to be tolerated). Also, the phrase 容認できない (yōnin dekinai - unacceptable) is very common and useful.

Connect to 'Yawn' for Reluctance

Use the mnemonic of 'yawning' (yō) when you have to accept something you don't love, and 'nin' (like 'nine' times you've had to deal with it) to remember the reluctant aspect of 容認.

Compare with Similar Words

Actively compare 容認 with words like 承認, 許可, and 黙認. Understanding their subtle differences will prevent misuse and enhance your comprehension.

Find Real-World Examples

Actively look for examples of 容認 in Japanese news articles, official statements, or dramas. Analyze the context to see how the word is used and what nuance it conveys.

Use in Your Own Sentences

Try creating your own sentences using 容認, focusing on situations where acceptance is passive or reluctant. This active recall will solidify your understanding.

Understand Japanese Context

Consider the Japanese cultural emphasis on harmony (和) and 'gaman' (endurance). 容認 often fits within these cultural values, representing a pragmatic approach to social order and relationships.

Grasp the Degree of Acceptance

The degree of reluctance or passivity in 容認 can vary. Sometimes it's mild inconvenience, other times it's significant disagreement but a necessary acceptance. Pay attention to surrounding words and the overall tone.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Imagine a 'yawn' (sounds like 'yō') when you are forced to accept something you don't like. You 'yawn' and 'nin' (sounds like 'nin') - 'nin' is like saying 'nine' times you have to do this. So, you yawn and reluctantly accept it nine times. This visual helps remember the reluctant acceptance. Or, think of 'Yo, nin!' - as in 'Yo, you are permitted to do that, even though I don't really like it.'

Association visuelle

Picture a large container (容 - yō) that can hold many things, even things that are slightly out of place or not perfectly arranged. Inside the container, you 'recognize' (認 - nin) these items are there and decide to let them stay. This visual emphasizes the 'containing' and 'acknowledging' aspect, leading to tolerance.

Word Web

Tolerance Permission Acceptance (reluctant) Allowing Endurance Compromise Pragmatism Passive approval

Défi

Try to find examples of '容認' in Japanese news articles or official documents online. Pay attention to the context and the surrounding vocabulary to grasp the specific nuance of acceptance being conveyed.

Origine du mot

The word 容認 (yōnin) is a Sino-Japanese word, meaning it was borrowed from Chinese characters and their meanings. The character 容 (yō) means 'to contain,' 'to hold,' 'to accommodate,' or 'appearance.' The character 認 (nin) means 'to recognize,' 'to admit,' or 'to approve.' Together, they literally suggest 'to contain and recognize,' implying an accommodation or allowance for something.

Sens originel : In Chinese, 容忍 (róngrěn) is a more common term for 'tolerance' or 'endurance,' which is semantically closer to the Japanese 容認. The characters 容 (róng) and 忍 (rěn) both relate to enduring or tolerating. The Japanese usage of 容認 emphasizes the 'allowing' or 'permitting' aspect.

Sino-Xenic (borrowed from Chinese)

Contexte culturel

When using 容認, be mindful of the context. If you are describing a situation where something negative is being tolerated, ensure your tone reflects the passive or reluctant nature rather than suggesting endorsement. It's important not to confuse 容認 with active support or approval, as this could be perceived as insincere or misleading.

In English-speaking cultures, while tolerance is valued, there's often a stronger emphasis on directness and clear approval or disapproval. The subtle nuance of passive or reluctant acceptance conveyed by 容認 might require more explicit phrasing in English, such as 'tolerated,' 'allowed under the circumstances,' or 'accepted with reservations.'

The concept of 'wa' (和 - harmony) in Japanese philosophy often leads to situations where direct confrontation is avoided, and a degree of tolerance for differing opinions or situations is practiced. The Japanese concept of 'gaman' (我慢 - endurance, patience) is closely related to the idea of tolerating difficult or imperfect situations. Discussions around modernization and tradition in Japan often involve the '容認' of older practices alongside newer ones, reflecting a balancing act.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Government policy and law

  • 法律で容認されている (hōritsu de yōnin sarete iru)
  • 容認できない行為 (yōnin dekinai kōi)
  • 社会的な容認 (shakaiteki na yōnin)

Business and management

  • 従業員の行動を容認する (jūgyōin no kōdō o yōnin suru)
  • 業務上の容認 (gyōmu-jō no yōnin)
  • 一定の容認 (ittei no yōnin)

Social issues and ethics

  • 多様性を容認する (tayōsei o yōnin suru)
  • 容認の限界 (yōnin no genkai)
  • 寛容な社会 (kan'yō na shakai)

Personal decisions and attitudes

  • 自分の限界を容認する (jibun no genkai o yōnin suru)
  • 現状を容認する (genjō o yōnin suru)
  • 容認できない (yōnin dekinai)

Academic research and theory

  • 理論的な逸脱を容認する (riron-teki na itsudatsu o yōnin suru)
  • 一定の誤差を容認する (ittei no gosa o yōnin suru)
  • 学術的な容認 (gakujutsu-teki na yōnin)

Amorces de conversation

"What's something you tolerate in your daily life, even if it's not ideal?"

"Can you think of a situation where someone might reluctantly accept something? How would you describe that in Japanese?"

"How is 'tolerating' different from 'approving' in your opinion?"

"In Japanese culture, is it more common to actively approve or passively tolerate certain situations? Why?"

"When might it be necessary to '容認' something instead of rejecting it outright?"

Sujets d'écriture

Describe a time you had to tolerate a situation that wasn't perfect. How did you feel about it? Use 容認 in your description.

Reflect on a policy or rule you find difficult but accept. Explain why you accept it, using the concept of 容認.

Imagine you are in a position to make a decision that involves compromise. How would you explain your decision to allow something that isn't ideal, using 容認?

Consider the difference between accepting a friend's minor flaws (容認) and truly approving of their actions (承認). Write about this distinction.

Think about a societal issue where compromise and tolerance are necessary. How does the word 容認 apply to this issue?

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

The key difference lies in the nuance of acceptance. 承認 (shōnin) means active, positive approval or sanction, like giving a full endorsement. 容認 (yōnin), on the other hand, implies passive or reluctant acceptance. It's about allowing something to exist or continue, even if it's not ideal or fully endorsed. Think of 承認 as a 'yes' and 容認 as a 'well, it's okay for now' or 'I have no choice but to let it be.'

No, 容認 is generally not used for things that are completely unacceptable or morally wrong. While it implies acceptance, it doesn't mean endorsement. If something is truly unacceptable, you would use words like 反対 (hantai - opposition), 拒否 (kyohi - rejection), or 禁止 (kinshi - prohibition). The phrase 容認できない (yōnin dekinai) means 'unacceptable' or 'intolerable,' indicating the limit of tolerance.

Not necessarily negative, but it carries a nuance of compromise or acceptance of imperfection. It's often used in pragmatic situations where a perfect outcome isn't possible. For example, a company might 容認 employee lateness if it doesn't significantly impact productivity. This isn't necessarily a positive endorsement of lateness, but a practical decision.

許可 (kyoka) means formal permission granted by an authority, like a permit to build something. 容認 is broader and can refer to accepting a situation or behavior that already exists or is likely to occur, often without explicit formal permission. For instance, a government might 容認 certain market practices that are not ideal, whereas they would issue 許可 for specific licenses.

It's less common in very casual, everyday chat among close friends unless the topic itself involves a situation requiring compromise or acceptance of minor inconvenconveniences. It's more prevalent in formal or semi-formal discussions about policies, rules, or social matters where nuance is important.

黙認 (mokunin) implies a conscious decision to overlook something, often knowing it's wrong or undesirable, essentially 'conniving' or 'tacitly approving.' 容認 is more about passively or reluctantly accepting a situation, which might not even be inherently wrong but simply not ideal. 黙認 often carries a stronger sense of deliberate inaction regarding something negative.

Think of the 'yo' sound in 'yawn' (yō) when you have to accept something you don't love. You might 'yawn' and say 'nin' (like 'nine' times you've had to deal with this), representing a reluctant acceptance. Or associate '容' with 'containing' things you might not prefer, and '認' with 'recognizing' they are there and letting them be.

Yes, the most common verb form is 容認する (yōnin suru), meaning 'to tolerate' or 'to permit.' You can also use the passive form 容認される (yōnin sareru), meaning 'to be tolerated' or 'to be permitted.'

'容認できない' (yōnin dekinai) is the negative form and means 'unacceptable,' 'intolerable,' or 'cannot be tolerated.' It signifies that a certain situation or action has crossed the line of what can be passively accepted.

Yes, it can. For instance, someone might say they 容認 a friend's slightly annoying habit, meaning they accept it without making a big deal out of it, even if it bothers them a little. It reflects a pragmatic approach to relationships or personal circumstances.

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