推量 en 30 secondes
- An educated guess based on evidence.
- Inferring possibilities from available information.
- Reasoned speculation used in research and analysis.
- The process of deducing conclusions from limited data.
The Japanese word 推量 (suiryō) refers to the act of guessing, inferring, or speculating based on available evidence, circumstances, or intuition. It's about forming a conclusion or hypothesis when direct knowledge is lacking. This concept is crucial in many fields, especially when dealing with incomplete information or trying to understand past events or future possibilities.
In academic and research settings, 推量 is a fundamental part of the scientific method and historical analysis. Scientists make educated guesses (hypotheses) based on observed data, which are then tested. Historians use available documents, artifacts, and context to make 推量 about how events unfolded or what people's motivations were. This isn't random guessing; it's a logical process of deduction.
Beyond formal contexts, 推量 is used in everyday conversations when we try to figure something out. For example, if you see someone looking sad, you might make a 推量 about why they are feeling that way. It's also used when predicting outcomes, such as the weather or the result of a competition, based on current trends or past performance. The word implies a level of reasoning rather than a blind guess.
- Key Nuances
- The term emphasizes the process of thinking and inferring, rather than just a wild guess. It's often associated with forming possibilities or hypotheses.
- Contexts of Use
- Common in academic discussions, scientific research, historical analysis, detective work, and everyday problem-solving or prediction.
The detective made a 推量 about the suspect's next move based on the evidence.
Based on the fossil record, scientists offered a 推量 of the dinosaur's diet.
推量 is a noun, so it typically functions as the subject or object in a sentence. It is often used with verbs like する (suru - to do), 基づく (motodzuku - to be based on), or possible forms like できる (dekiru - can do).
When using 推量, consider the nuance you want to convey. Is it a scientific hypothesis, a historical deduction, or a casual guess? The surrounding words and context will clarify this. For instance, adding qualifiers like 「科学的な」 (kagakuteki na - scientific) or 「慎重な」 (shinchō na - careful) can refine the meaning.
In spoken Japanese, while the noun 推量 itself might be used, speakers might also opt for more common verbs or expressions that convey the idea of guessing or inferring. For example, 「～だろう」 (darō) or 「～と思う」 (to omou) are very common ways to express conjecture.
- Basic Structure
- Subject + は/が + 推量 + を + する/基づく
- Sentence Examples
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- この状況から、彼の行動についての推量ができます。(Kono jōkyō kara, kare no kōdō ni tsuite no suiryō ga dekimasu.) - From this situation, I can make a guess about his actions.
- 歴史学者は、限られた証拠から過去の出来事について推量を行います。(Rekishigakusha wa, kagirareta shōko kara kako no dekigoto ni tsuite suiryō o okonaimasu.) - Historians perform conjecture about past events from limited evidence.
- 彼の言葉は、確証のない推量に過ぎなかった。(Kare no kotoba wa, kakushō no nai suiryō ni suginakatta.) - His words were nothing more than baseless speculation.
The scientist's 推量 led to a new experiment.
It's dangerous to make a 推量 without any evidence.
You'll encounter 推量 frequently in academic and intellectual discussions. Universities, research institutions, and scholarly publications are prime locations. Think of lectures on history, archaeology, theoretical physics, or even literary criticism where interpretations and deductions are a core part of the discourse.
News reports, especially those covering investigations, scientific breakthroughs, or historical discoveries, often use this term. A news anchor might report on the police's 推量 regarding a crime or a scientist's 推量 about climate change based on new data. Documentaries exploring past civilizations or unsolved mysteries are also rich in contexts where 推量 is discussed.
In more formal business or legal settings, when analyzing market trends, predicting future outcomes, or interpreting contractual ambiguities, the concept of 推量 might be invoked. While the exact word might not always be used, the underlying idea of making reasoned judgments based on available information is present.
- Academic Settings
- Used in lectures, research papers, and academic debates when discussing hypotheses, interpretations, and deductions.
- Media and Documentaries
- Common in investigative journalism, historical documentaries, and science reporting to describe how conclusions are reached with incomplete data.
- Formal Analysis
- Appears in reports and analyses in fields like economics, law, and strategy where future outcomes or past events are inferred.
The documentary presented the 推量 of archaeologists about ancient rituals.
One common mistake is confusing 推量 (suiryō) with a simple guess or a wild guess. 推量 implies a degree of reasoning and evidence-based inference. A simple guess might be arbitrary, whereas 推量 is an educated one.
Another pitfall is using 推量 in contexts where a more definitive statement is expected or where the guess is purely emotional or intuitive without any factual basis. For example, in a formal scientific paper, you wouldn't present a raw, unverified 推量 as a conclusion. It needs to be presented as a hypothesis or a preliminary finding.
Learners might also overuse the noun form. While 推量 is correct, in everyday conversation, native speakers might opt for verb forms like 「〜だろう」 (darō) or 「〜と思う」 (to omou) to express conjecture, which can sound more natural than explicitly using the noun 推量 in casual settings.
- Confusing with Simple Guessing
- Treating 推量 as equivalent to a random guess, ignoring the element of inference from evidence.
- Inappropriate Contexts
- Using 推量 for purely emotional guesses or in situations demanding certainty.
- Overuse of Noun Form
- Employing the noun 推量 in casual speech where more common conjectural expressions are preferred.
It's not just a guess; it's a 推量 based on the facts.
While 推量 (suiryō) specifically denotes inference from evidence, other words express related concepts. 「想像」 (sōzō - imagination) involves creating mental images or ideas, often without direct grounding in reality. It's about what *could* be, whereas 推量 is about what *might be* based on what is known.
「憶測」 (okusoku) is very close to 推量 but can sometimes carry a slightly more negative connotation, implying speculation that might be unfounded or even gossipy. However, in many contexts, they are interchangeable. 「仮説」 (kasetsu - hypothesis) is more formal and scientific, representing a proposed explanation that needs to be tested.
For everyday guessing, especially in spoken Japanese, phrases like 「〜だろう」 (darō), 「〜と思う」 (to omou), or 「〜かもしれない」 (kamoshirenai) are much more common than the noun 推量. These express conjecture or possibility in a more natural, conversational way.
- Comparison Table
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Word Nuance Example Usage 推量 (suiryō) Inference based on evidence; educated guess. 科学的な推量 (Scientific inference) 想像 (sōzō) Imagination; creating mental pictures. 自由な想像を働かせる (To use one's free imagination) 憶測 (okusoku) Speculation; conjecture, sometimes ungrounded. 根拠のない憶測 (Groundless speculation) 仮説 (kasetsu) Hypothesis; a formal, testable proposition. 実験的な仮説 (Experimental hypothesis)
His 推量 was more grounded than mere 憶測.
How Formal Is It?
"本研究では、観測データに基づいた慎重な<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>を展開し、新たな仮説を提示する。"
"天気予報を見て、明日は雨だろうと<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>した。"
"彼の様子から、何か隠してるなって<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>したよ。"
"お母さんの顔を見て、おやつがもらえると<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>したんだ。"
Le savais-tu ?
The kanji 推 (sui) itself can be broken down into 'hand' (扌) and 'to change' (隹), suggesting the idea of manipulating or changing something (like information) to arrive at a conclusion. This visually hints at the active process of deduction involved in 推量.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing 'ryō' as two separate syllables (ryo-u).
- Giving equal stress to both syllables instead of emphasizing the first.
- Mispronouncing the 'u' sound as too long or too short.
Niveau de difficulté
The word itself is not overly complex, but understanding its nuanced usage, especially in academic or formal contexts, requires B2-level comprehension. Distinguishing it from similar words like 憶測 or 想像 is key.
Using 推量 correctly in writing, particularly in formal essays or reports, demands a good grasp of its academic connotations and appropriate sentence structures. Overuse or misuse can sound awkward.
In spoken Japanese, while the noun 推量 might be used, more common verbal expressions for guessing (like 〜だろう) are often preferred in casual conversation. Using the noun form naturally requires a higher level of fluency.
Recognizing 推量 in spoken Japanese, especially in lectures or formal discussions, is achievable at B2 level. However, distinguishing its precise meaning from similar terms in rapid speech can be challenging.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Using 〜だろう (darō) for conjecture.
明日は晴れるだろう。(Ashita wa hareru darō.) - It will probably be sunny tomorrow. (This is a common spoken alternative to formal 推量).
Using 〜と思う (to omou) for expressing opinion or belief.
彼は来ると思う。(Kare wa kuru to omou.) - I think he will come. (Similar to conjecture, but more about personal belief).
Using 〜かもしれない (kamoshirenai) for possibility.
遅れるかもしれない。(Okureru kamoshirenai.) - I might be late. (Expresses a possibility, often less certain than 推量).
The passive form of する, 〜される (sareru), used with nouns to indicate that an action is done to the noun.
多くの推量がなされた。(Ōku no suiryō ga nasareta.) - Many inferences were made.
The potential form of する, 〜できる (dekiru), indicating ability.
その状況から、彼の意図を推量できる。(Sono jōkyō kara, kare no ito o suiryō dekiru.) - From that situation, I can infer his intentions.
Exemples par niveau
雨が降っているのを見て、今日の試合は中止になるだろうと推量した。
Seeing the rain, I inferred that today's game would likely be canceled.
Using the noun 推量 with する (suru) to indicate making an inference.
彼の顔色から、何か困っていることがあると推量できた。
From his complexion, I could infer that he was having some trouble.
推量 can be used with できた (dekiru) to mean 'could infer'.
古い文献から、当時の人々の生活について推量を立てる。
From old documents, we make inferences about the lives of people at that time.
Using 推量 as the object of 立てる (tateru), meaning 'to establish' or 'to make' an inference.
この証拠だけでは、犯人を特定する推量は難しい。
With only this evidence, making an inference to identify the culprit is difficult.
Using 推量 followed by は (wa) and 難しい (muzukashii) to describe the difficulty of making an inference.
専門家の推量は、しばしば正確である。
The inferences of experts are often accurate.
推量 as the subject of the sentence.
彼は将来の市場動向について、いくつかの推量を述べた。
He stated several inferences about future market trends.
Using 推量 in plural form (implied by いくつかの).
その行動の裏には、何か別の理由があるという推量が働く。
An inference that there is some other reason behind that action is at work.
推量 followed by that indicates the content of the inference.
確実な情報がないため、すべては推量の域を出ない。
Because there is no certain information, everything remains within the realm of speculation.
Using 推量 with の域を出ない (no iki o denai - does not go beyond the realm of).
古代文明の崩壊原因については、様々な推量がなされているが、決定的な証拠はない。
Regarding the causes of the collapse of ancient civilizations, various conjectures have been made, but there is no definitive evidence.
Using なされている (nasarete iru - have been made) with 推量.
彼の突然の辞任の理由は、憶測の域を出ず、確かな推量すらできない。
The reason for his sudden resignation remains speculative, and we cannot even make a solid inference.
Emphasizing the lack of solid 推量.
この状況下での最善の行動は何か、慎重な推量に基づかなければならない。
What the best course of action is under these circumstances must be based on careful inference.
Using 慎重な (shinchō na - careful) to modify 推量.
科学者は、観測データから未知の現象について推量し、仮説を構築する。
Scientists infer about unknown phenomena from observational data and construct hypotheses.
推量し (suiryō shi) links the inference to the subsequent action of constructing hypotheses.
その芸術家の意図についての推量は、作品の解釈を深める。
Inferences about the artist's intentions deepen the interpretation of the work.
推量 as the subject, affecting interpretation.
経済アナリストは、最新の経済指標に基づいて将来の景気について推量を行う。
Economic analysts make inferences about the future economy based on the latest economic indicators.
Using 推量を行う (okonau - to perform/conduct) for a more formal tone.
法医学者は、現場の状況から被害者の死因について推量を組み立てる。
Forensic scientists construct inferences about the cause of death of the victim from the crime scene conditions.
推量を組み立てる (kumitateru - to assemble/construct) implies a detailed process of inference.
限られた情報からの推量は、しばしば誤解を生む可能性がある。
Inferences from limited information can often lead to misunderstandings.
Using the particle からの (kara no - from) to specify the source of the 推量.
この考古学的な発見は、当時の社会構造に関する我々の推量を大きく変える可能性がある。
This archaeological discovery has the potential to significantly alter our inferences about the social structure of that era.
Using 我々の (wareware no - our) to indicate collective inference.
彼の発言は、その事件の背後にある複雑な動機についての推量を促すものだった。
His statement prompted inferences about the complex motives behind the incident.
推量を促す (suiryō o unagasu - to prompt inference) emphasizes the stimulating aspect of the statement.
文学批評において、作者の意図に関する推量は、テキスト分析の重要な一部を成す。
In literary criticism, inferences about the author's intentions form an important part of textual analysis.
推量 is part of a larger analytical process.
哲学的な探求では、経験的な証拠を超えた推量が不可欠となる場合がある。
In philosophical inquiry, inferences that go beyond empirical evidence may become indispensable.
Highlighting 推量 that transcends empirical data.
気象学者は、気象モデルと過去のデータに基づき、将来の気候変動について高度な推量を展開する。
Meteorologists develop advanced inferences about future climate change based on weather models and past data.
Using 高度な (kōdo na - advanced) to describe the nature of the 推量.
その政治家の発言は、その真意を巡る様々な推量をマスコミに引き起こした。
The politician's statement caused the media to engage in various speculations about his true intentions.
推量 is linked to media speculation.
裁判官は、提示された証拠のみに基づいて、感情的な推量を排除し、客観的な判断を下さなければならない。
The judge must set aside emotional inferences and make an objective judgment based solely on the evidence presented.
Contrasting emotional 推量 with objective judgment.
この研究の限界は、観察された現象からの推量が、さらなる実証なしには断定できない点にある。
The limitation of this study lies in the fact that inferences from observed phenomena cannot be definitive without further empirical verification.
Explaining the limitations of 推量 in research.
その哲学者による宇宙の起源に関する推量は、形而上学的な思弁の粋を集めたものであった。
The philosopher's conjecture regarding the origin of the universe represented the pinnacle of metaphysical speculation.
Using 推量 in a highly abstract philosophical context.
歴史家は、断片的な史料から過去の出来事の因果関係を推量する際に、細心の注意を払わなければならない。
Historians must exercise extreme caution when inferring the causality of past events from fragmentary historical materials.
Emphasizing the need for caution in 推量 based on scarce evidence.
現代物理学における量子論は、直感に反する現象に対する大胆な推量の積み重ねによって発展してきた。
Quantum theory in modern physics has developed through a series of bold inferences about counter-intuitive phenomena.
推量 is presented as a driving force in scientific advancement.
その文学作品における象徴的な意味合いについての推量は、読者の解釈の自由度を広げる。
Inferences about the symbolic meanings within that literary work broaden the reader's interpretive latitude.
推量 is linked to interpretive freedom.
犯罪心理学者は、犯行現場の痕跡から、犯人の心理状態や行動パターンに関する精緻な推量を試みる。
Criminal psychologists attempt sophisticated inferences about the offender's psychological state and behavioral patterns from traces at the crime scene.
Using 精緻な (seichi na - sophisticated/elaborate) to describe the 推量.
社会学者は、現代社会の複雑な現象を分析する際、統計データと定性的な観察の両方からの推量を統合する。
Sociologists integrate inferences from both statistical data and qualitative observations when analyzing complex phenomena in modern society.
Highlighting the integration of different types of data for 推量.
この芸術作品における作者の意図に関する推量は、鑑賞者の個人的な経験や文化的背景によって大きく左右される。
Inferences about the artist's intentions in this artwork are heavily influenced by the viewer's personal experiences and cultural background.
推量 is presented as subjective and context-dependent.
未来予測は、本質的に不確実性を伴う推量であり、あらゆる可能性を考慮に入れる必要がある。
Future prediction is inherently an inference involving uncertainty, and it is necessary to consider all possibilities.
Defining future prediction as a form of 推量 with inherent uncertainty.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— To infer, to conjecture, to make an educated guess.
提供された情報から、状況を推量しました。 (Teikyō sareta jōhō kara, jōkyō o suiryō shimashita.) I inferred the situation from the information provided.
— Based on inference/conjecture.
彼の発言は、推量に基づいたものであり、確証はありません。 (Kare no hatsugen wa, suiryō ni motozuita mono de ari, kakushō wa arimasen.) His statement was based on inference and has no confirmation.
— To be nothing more than speculation; to remain within the realm of conjecture.
この証拠だけでは、まだ推量の域を出ない。 (Kono shōko dake de wa, mada suiryō no iki o denai.) With only this evidence, it remains nothing more than speculation.
— To be merely a guess or speculation.
彼の説明は、憶測に過ぎず、信頼できない。 (Kare no setsumei wa, okusoku ni suginai, shinrai dekinai.) His explanation is merely speculation and cannot be trusted.
— A reliable inference; a well-founded guess.
経験豊富な彼だからこそ、確かな推量ができたのだ。 (Keiken hōfu na kare da kara koso, tashika na suiryō ga dekita no da.) It is precisely because he is experienced that he was able to make a reliable inference.
Souvent confondu avec
While both involve guessing, 憶測 can sometimes imply a less evidence-based or more gossipy speculation, whereas 推量 emphasizes inference from available clues.
想像 is about imagination and creating mental images, often without a basis in reality. 推量 is about deducing conclusions from actual evidence or circumstances.
推定 is more formal and often quantitative, used for statistical estimation or legal presumption. 推量 is a broader term for reasoned conjecture.
Expressions idiomatiques
— To keep guessing or speculating, piling one conjecture upon another, often leading to a lack of clarity or an absurd conclusion.
証拠がないのに推量に推量を重ねても、真実にはたどり着けない。 (Shōko ga nai noni suiryō ni suiryō o kasanete mo, shinjitsu ni wa tadoritsukenai.) Even if you keep piling conjecture upon conjecture without evidence, you won't reach the truth.
— Pure speculation; baseless conjecture; guessing without any evidence or logical foundation.
根拠のない空推量で、人を傷つけるべきではない。 (Konkyo no nai sora suiryō de, hito o kizutsukeru beki de wa nai.) You should not hurt people with baseless speculation.
— Intuition and inference; relying on both gut feeling and logical deduction.
この難しい状況では、勘と推量を両方頼る必要がある。 (Kono muzukashii jōkyō de wa, kan to suiryō o ryōhō tayoru hitsuyō ga aru.) In this difficult situation, we need to rely on both intuition and inference.
— From conjecture to fact; the process of moving from a hypothesis or inference to a confirmed reality.
科学の進歩は、しばしば推量から事実へと進む道筋をたどる。 (Kagaku no shinpo wa, shibashiba suiryō kara jijitsu e to susumu michisuji o tadoru.) Scientific progress often follows a path from conjecture to fact.
— The boundary between inference and definitive conclusion; the fine line between educated guessing and asserting certainty.
裁判官は、推量と断定の境界線を常に意識しなければならない。 (Saibankan wa, suiryō to dantei no kyōkaisen o tsune ni ishiki shinakereba naranai.) Judges must always be aware of the boundary between inference and definitive conclusion.
Facile à confondre
Both refer to guessing or speculation.
推量 (suiryō) implies a more reasoned inference based on evidence, often used in formal or academic settings. 憶測 (okusoku) can also mean speculation, but it sometimes carries a connotation of being less grounded, potentially even gossipy or based on insufficient evidence. For example, you might make a 推量 about a scientific phenomenon based on data, but gossip about a celebrity's personal life might be described as 憶測.
科学者はデータから<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>を立てたが、その俳優の私生活に関する<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>憶測</mark>は根拠がない。 (Kagakusha wa dēta kara <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suiryō</mark> o tateta ga, sono akyūtā no shiseikatsu ni kansuru <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>okusoku</mark> wa konkyo ga nai.) The scientist made an inference from the data, but speculation about the actor's private life is groundless.
Both involve mental processes of generating ideas.
推量 (suiryō) is about inferring or guessing based on existing evidence or circumstances. It's a process of deduction. 想像 (sōzō), on the other hand, is imagination, the act of forming mental images or concepts, often unrelated to immediate reality or evidence. You use 推量 to figure something out that is likely true based on clues, while you use 想像 to create something new or envision possibilities without necessarily being tied to facts. For example, you make a 推量 about why a light is on, but you use 想像 to write a fantasy story.
彼は停電の原因を<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>したが、その後の物語は自由な<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>想像</mark>で書かれた。 (Kare wa teiden no gen'in o <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suiryō</mark> shita ga, sono go no monogatari wa jiyū na <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>sōzō</mark> de kakareta.) He inferred the cause of the power outage, but the subsequent story was written with free imagination.
Both can mean estimation or inference.
推量 (suiryō) is a general term for making an educated guess or inference, often qualitative and based on logic and available clues. 推定 (suitei) is more formal and often quantitative, implying estimation based on statistical data, scientific models, or legal presumption. For instance, you might make a 推量 about a person's mood, but you use 推定 to estimate the population size of a city based on sample data. 推定 often involves calculation or a more rigorous process.
その地域の人口を<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推定</mark>するには統計データが必要だが、彼の表情から<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>することはできる。 (Sono chiiki no jinkō o <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suitei</mark> suru ni wa tōkei dēta ga hitsuyō da ga, kare no hyōjō kara <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suiryō</mark> suru koto wa dekiru.) Statistical data is needed to estimate the population of that region, but we can infer from his expression.
Both are forms of reasoned conjecture.
推量 (suiryō) is a broader term for making an inference or educated guess, which can be informal or formal. 仮説 (kasetsu) specifically refers to a hypothesis, a proposed explanation that serves as a starting point for further investigation, particularly in scientific contexts. A hypothesis is a structured guess that needs to be tested. While a hypothesis is a form of 推量, not all 推量 are formal hypotheses. For example, a detective's guess about a criminal's motive is a 推量, but a scientist's proposed explanation for a phenomenon is a 仮説.
科学者は<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>仮説</mark>を立て、それを検証するために<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>を重ねる。 (Kagakusha wa <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>kasetsu</mark> o tate, sore o kenshō suru tame ni <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suiryō</mark> o kasaneru.) Scientists formulate a hypothesis and pile on inferences to test it.
Very similar meaning and often interchangeable.
推量 (suiryō) and 推測 (suisoku) are very close in meaning and often used interchangeably to mean 'guess' or 'conjecture'. However, 推量 sometimes carries a stronger implication of inference based on logic and evidence, particularly in formal or academic contexts. 推測 can sometimes lean more towards a general guess, perhaps about someone's thoughts or feelings, and can occasionally be used for less substantiated speculation. In many everyday situations, the choice between them is subtle and context-dependent.
彼の沈黙から、彼は何かを<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推量</mark>しているようだった。 (Kare no chinmoku kara, kare wa nanika o <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suiryō</mark> shite iru yō datta.) From his silence, it seemed he was inferring something. 彼女の反応から、彼女が怒っていると<mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>推測</mark>した。 (Kanojo no hannō kara, kanojo ga okotte iru to <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>suisoku</mark> shita.) From her reaction, I guessed she was angry.
Structures de phrases
Noun + は + Noun + を + 推量する。
私は彼の気持ちを推量する。(Watashi wa kare no kimochi o suiryō suru.) - I infer his feelings.
Noun + から、Noun + が + 推量できる。
彼の表情から、怒っていることが推量できる。(Kare no hyōjō kara, okotte iru koto ga suiryō dekiru.) - From his expression, it can be inferred that he is angry.
Noun + は + Noun + に + 基づく + 推量 + である。
この分析は、過去のデータに基づく推量である。(Kono bunseki wa, kako no dēta ni motozuku suiryō de aru.) - This analysis is an inference based on past data.
Noun + は + Noun + の + 域を出ない。
彼の説明は、憶測の域を出ない。(Kare no setsumei wa, okusoku no iki o denai.) - His explanation is nothing more than speculation.
Noun + の + 余地がある。
この問題には、まだ推量の余地がある。(Kono mondai ni wa, mada suiryō no yochi ga aru.) - There is still room for inference in this problem.
Noun + は + Noun + を + 促す。
その発見は、さらなる推量を促した。(Sono hakken wa, sarana ru suiryō o unagashita.) - That discovery prompted further inference.
Noun + は + Noun + と + 推量される。
原因は、技術的な問題と推量される。(Gen'in wa, gijutsu-teki na mondai to suiryō sareru.) - The cause is inferred to be a technical problem.
Noun + は + Noun + として + 推量される。
その石は、古代の儀式に使われたものとして推量される。(Sono ishi wa, kodai no gishiki ni tsukawareta mono to shite suiryō sareru.) - The stone is inferred to have been used in ancient rituals.
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Moderately common, especially in academic, scientific, and analytical contexts.
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Using 推量 (suiryō) for a pure guess without any evidence.
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Using 推測 (suisoku) or verbal expressions like 〜かな (kana) for casual guesses.
推量 implies reasoning from evidence. If there's no evidence, it's not a 推量. For example, guessing a number randomly is not a 推量; it's just a guess.
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Confusing 推量 (suiryō) with 想像 (sōzō - imagination).
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Using 推量 for deductions from reality and 想像 for creating fictional scenarios.
推量 is about inferring what is likely true based on facts. 想像 is about creating what could be true, often unrelated to current facts. For example, inferring a cause of rain is 推量; imagining a dragon is 想像.
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Using the noun 推量 (suiryō) too often in casual spoken Japanese.
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Preferring verbal expressions like 〜だろう (darō), 〜と思う (to omou), or 〜かもしれない (kamoshirenai) in casual conversation.
While 推量 is correct, it sounds formal. In everyday chat, using verbal conjectures is more natural. For example, '雨が降るだろうと思った' is more common than '雨が降ると推量した'.
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Treating 推量 (suiryō) as a definitive conclusion.
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Acknowledging the speculative nature of 推量, perhaps using phrases like '〜と推量される' (it is inferred that...) or '〜という推量が成り立つ' (the inference that... holds true).
推量 is an inference, not a proven fact. Presenting it as absolute certainty can be misleading. It's important to indicate the level of certainty or the basis of the inference.
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Using 推量 (suiryō) in contexts where 断定 (dantei - definitive assertion) is required.
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Using 断定 when certainty is established, and 推量 when dealing with uncertainty or incomplete information.
In situations demanding absolute proof or a final decision, like in a court of law or a scientific paper's conclusion, 断定 is appropriate. 推量 is for the process of reaching that conclusion or when a conclusion cannot be definitively made.
Astuces
Connect to Evidence
To remember 推量, always associate it with the idea of 'evidence' or 'clues'. Think of it as the process of connecting the dots to form a logical conclusion, rather than just a random guess.
Verb Form is Common
While 推量 is a noun, the verb form 推量する (suiryō suru) is very common and often easier to integrate into sentences. Practice using this verb form in various sentence structures.
Stress the First Syllable
Remember that the stress in 推量 (suiryō) falls on the first syllable, 'sui'. Practicing the pronunciation will help you recognize it when listening and use it more naturally when speaking.
Distinguish from 想像
Don't confuse 推量 (inference based on evidence) with 想像 (sōzō - imagination). While both involve mental processes, one is grounded in reality, and the other is about creating possibilities.
Scenario-Based Practice
Create scenarios for yourself where you need to make an inference. For example, 'The street is wet, so I infer it rained.' Then try to express this using 推量.
Nuance in Japanese
In Japanese culture, inferring unspoken feelings or intentions (like 'reading the air') is important. This cultural context highlights the significance of 推量 in understanding subtle social dynamics.
Synonym Awareness
Be aware of synonyms like 憶測 (okusoku) and 推測 (suisoku). While similar, they can have slightly different nuances. Understanding these differences will enhance your vocabulary precision.
Real-World Examples
Look for examples of 推量 in news articles, documentaries, or academic texts. Analyzing how it's used in context will solidify your understanding and application.
Avoid Groundless Speculation
While 推量 is about educated guessing, avoid '空推量' (sora suiryō - baseless speculation). Always try to have at least some basis for your inferences, especially in formal situations.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a detective with a magnifying glass ('量' - measure/quantity) carefully pushing ('推' - push/infer) clues together to make a guess about the crime. The 'sui' sound can remind you of 'suit' or 'suite', as in a detective's suite of rooms where they piece together evidence.
Association visuelle
Visualize a scale ('量' - quantity/measure) with a question mark above it, and a hand ('推' - push/infer) gently nudging one side, trying to balance it to make a guess. Or, picture a scientist pushing a lever to measure the outcome of an experiment, leading to an inference.
Word Web
Défi
Try to use 推量 (suiryō) in a sentence describing a situation where you had to guess something based on limited information. For example, 'From the way the dog was wagging its tail, I made a 推量 that it wanted to go for a walk.'
Origine du mot
The word 推量 (suiryō) is composed of two kanji: 推 (sui) and 量 (ryō). The kanji 推 (sui) means 'to push', 'to infer', 'to deduce', or 'to surmise'. The kanji 量 (ryō) means 'quantity', 'measure', or 'amount'. Together, they literally suggest 'pushing a quantity' or 'deducing an amount/measure', which metaphorically translates to inferring or estimating based on available evidence.
Sens originel : The core idea is to 'measure' or 'quantify' something unknown by 'pushing' or 'deducing' from what is known.
Sino-Japanese (derived from Chinese characters)Contexte culturel
When using 推量, especially in formal or sensitive contexts, it's important to acknowledge the speculative nature of the conclusion. Avoid presenting inferences as absolute facts unless they are definitively proven. Phrases like '〜と推量されます' (to suiryō saremasu - it is inferred that...) or '〜という推量が成り立ちます' (to iu suiryō ga naritachimasu - the inference that... holds true) can be useful.
In English-speaking cultures, 'inference' and 'educated guess' are common equivalents. The emphasis is often on logical deduction from evidence, similar to the Japanese concept. However, the cultural nuance of 'reading the air' is less pronounced.
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Scientific Research
- 科学的な推量 (kagakuteki na suiryō)
- データからの推量 (dēta kara no suiryō)
- 仮説を立てるための推量 (kasetsu o tateru tame no suiryō)
Historical Analysis
- 歴史的な推量 (rekishiteki na suiryō)
- 史料に基づく推量 (shiryō ni motozuku suiryō)
- 過去の出来事の推量 (kako no dekigoto no suiryō)
Detective Work/Investigation
- 現場からの推量 (genba kara no suiryō)
- 犯人の動機についての推量 (hannin no dōki ni tsuite no suiryō)
- 証拠に基づく推量 (shōko ni motozuku suiryō)
Economic Forecasting
- 市場動向についての推量 (shijō dōkō ni tsuite no suiryō)
- 経済指標からの推量 (keizai shihyō kara no suiryō)
- 将来の景気についての推量 (shōrai no keiki ni tsuite no suiryō)
Everyday Problem Solving
- 状況から推量する (jōkyō kara suiryō suru)
- 相手の気持ちを推量する (aite no kimochi o suiryō suru)
- 原因を推量する (gen'in o suiryō suru)
Amorces de conversation
"What do you think might happen next based on this situation?"
"If you had to guess the reason behind their actions, what would your inference be?"
"Based on the evidence, what conclusions can we tentatively draw?"
"How do you usually approach making an educated guess when you don't have all the facts?"
"Can you give an example of a time you had to make a 推量 (suiryō)?"
Sujets d'écriture
Describe a situation where you had to make an inference (推量) about someone's feelings or intentions. What clues did you use, and how accurate was your inference?
Reflect on a time you made a prediction or guess based on limited information. How did you arrive at your conclusion, and what was the outcome?
In what academic or professional fields is the ability to make sound inferences (推量) most crucial? Explain why.
Consider a historical event where much is unknown. What kind of inferences (推量) might historians make, and what challenges do they face?
Think about a personal decision you made where you had to rely on your own reasoning and guesswork (推量). What was the decision, and what was the result?
Questions fréquentes
10 questionsWhile both terms refer to guessing or speculation, 推量 (suiryō) generally implies an inference made based on available evidence or logical reasoning. It's often used in more formal or academic contexts. 憶測 (okusoku), on the other hand, can sometimes imply speculation that is less grounded, more based on rumor, or even potentially unfounded. For instance, a scientist making a hypothesis based on data uses 推量, while people discussing rumors about a celebrity might be engaging in 憶測.
Not exactly. While 'guess' can encompass many types of conjecture, 推量 (suiryō) specifically refers to an 'educated guess' or an 'inference' made based on evidence or circumstances. It implies a degree of reasoning and deduction, differentiating it from a random or blind guess. Think of it as a reasoned conclusion drawn from limited information.
Use 推量 (suiryō) when you are inferring or making an educated guess based on clues or existing information. Use 想像 (sōzō) for imagination, creating mental images or ideas without necessarily being tied to reality. Use 推定 (suitei) for more formal estimations, especially in statistics or legal contexts, often involving calculations or quantitative data.
While the noun 推量 (suiryō) itself can be used, it tends to sound more formal. In casual conversation, native speakers often prefer verbal expressions like 〜だろう (darō), 〜と思う (to omou), or 〜かもしれない (kamoshirenai) to express conjecture or possibility. For example, instead of saying 'その状況から推量しました' (I inferred from that situation), one might say 'その状況から、〜だろうと思った' (From that situation, I thought it would be...).
The 'evidence' for 推量 can vary greatly. It can be tangible data, observations of behavior, historical records, contextual clues, or even logical reasoning based on established facts. The key is that the inference is not completely random but is supported, however minimally, by something concrete or logically derivable.
No, 推量 (suiryō) can be applied to past events, present situations, or future possibilities. For example, a historian might make a 推量 about the cause of an ancient event (past), a detective might make a 推量 about a suspect's motive based on current clues (present), and an economist might make a 推量 about market trends (future).
In science, 推量 (suiryō) often refers to the process of forming hypotheses or making preliminary interpretations of data. Scientists make inferences based on observations and existing knowledge, which then guide further experimentation and analysis. It's a crucial step in the scientific method, bridging observation and conclusion.
Common mistakes include confusing it with a random guess, using it in contexts demanding certainty, or overusing the noun form in casual speech. It's important to remember that 推量 implies reasoning and evidence, and to choose more natural expressions in informal settings.
The word itself is neutral, but it can be used in contexts with negative implications. For example, '根拠のない推量' (konkyo no nai suiryō) means 'groundless inference' or 'baseless speculation', which is negative. Also, making incorrect or harmful inferences can have negative consequences.
Common phrases include 推量する (suiryō suru - to infer), 推量に基づく (suiryō ni motozuku - based on inference), and 推量の域を出ない (suiryō no iki o denai - to be nothing more than speculation). These phrases help clarify the nature and extent of the inference.
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Summary
推量 (suiryō) is the act of making an educated guess or inference based on available evidence and circumstances. It's a crucial skill in research, history, and problem-solving, emphasizing reasoned deduction over random guessing. For example, a detective might make a 推量 about a suspect's motive based on crime scene clues.
- An educated guess based on evidence.
- Inferring possibilities from available information.
- Reasoned speculation used in research and analysis.
- The process of deducing conclusions from limited data.
Context is Key
Always consider the context when using or encountering 推量. In academic or scientific writing, it implies a reasoned deduction. In casual conversation, it might be a more informal guess. Be aware of the nuance you want to convey.
Connect to Evidence
To remember 推量, always associate it with the idea of 'evidence' or 'clues'. Think of it as the process of connecting the dots to form a logical conclusion, rather than just a random guess.
Verb Form is Common
While 推量 is a noun, the verb form 推量する (suiryō suru) is very common and often easier to integrate into sentences. Practice using this verb form in various sentence structures.
Stress the First Syllable
Remember that the stress in 推量 (suiryō) falls on the first syllable, 'sui'. Practicing the pronunciation will help you recognize it when listening and use it more naturally when speaking.
Exemple
事実に基づかない推量は避けるべきだ。
Contenu associé
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譲歩
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矛盾
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除外
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指摘
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推論
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