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B1 adjective #5,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

発展途上の

hatten tojō no Top 5,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 発展途上の en 30 secondes

Explication 発展途上の in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use 'hatten tojō no' yourself, as it is quite complex. However, you might see the kanji for 'country' (国) combined with it. Think of it as a very long word that means 'a country that is still growing.' If you see 'hatten,' just remember it means 'getting bigger and better.' At this stage, focus on the idea of 'growth' (ookiku naru). You might encounter this word in very simple news headlines or on maps in a classroom. Just knowing that it refers to countries that are not yet rich is enough for an A1 learner. Don't worry about the grammar of 'no' or 'tojō' yet; just recognize the visual pattern of the four kanji: 発展途上.

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For A2 learners, you should start recognizing 'hatten tojō no' as a fixed phrase. You might hear it in simple news reports about world geography or international charity. You should understand that it is used to describe countries that are working hard to build schools, hospitals, and factories. You can think of it as the opposite of 'advanced countries' like Japan or the USA. At this level, you might practice saying 'hatten tojō koku' (developing country) as a single noun. You don't need to use it in complex sentences, but you should be able to identify it in a reading passage about global issues. It's a useful word to know if you are interested in world news or volunteering.

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At the B1 level, this is a key vocabulary word. You are expected to use 'hatten tojō no' to describe not just countries, but also technologies, projects, or skills in a formal way. You should understand the grammar: it is a noun phrase followed by 'no' to describe another noun. You should be able to use it in a sentence like 'This technology is still in a developing stage.' You should also be able to distinguish it from simpler words like 'mada' (still) or 'tsukutte iru' (making). This word adds a professional 'flavor' to your Japanese. It shows that you can discuss abstract concepts like 'progress' and 'stages of development' rather than just concrete objects.

B2 learners should be comfortable using 'hatten tojō no' in debates, presentations, and formal essays. You should understand the nuance that this word is objective and relatively neutral. You should also be aware of its synonyms like 'shinkō' (emerging) and 'kaihatsu tojō' (developing - official). At this level, you should be able to discuss the challenges faced by 'hatten tojō koku,' such as infrastructure or education, using appropriate supporting vocabulary. You should also be able to use the word metaphorically to describe a business model or a scientific theory that is still being refined. Your pronunciation should be clear, paying attention to the long 'ō' sound at the end of 'tojō.'

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For C1 learners, 'hatten tojō no' is a basic tool in your linguistic arsenal. You should be able to analyze the social and political implications of the term. For example, you might discuss how the definition of a 'developing country' has changed over the decades. You should be able to use the word in high-level academic writing, perhaps critiquing the 'hatten tojō' status of certain regions. You should also be sensitive to the register; you would use this in a thesis or a business proposal but perhaps choose a different, more evocative word in a literary context. You should understand how the word functions in complex sentence structures, such as 'hatten tojō no dankai ni aru to iwareru...' (is said to be in a developing stage...).

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'hatten tojō no.' You understand its historical etymology and how it fits into the broader landscape of Japanese socio-economic discourse. You can use it with precision, perhaps contrasting 'hatten' (expansion) with 'seichō' (growth) or 'shinka' (evolution) to make a specific point. You might use the term in a speech to describe the 'ever-developing' nature of the Japanese language itself. You are also aware of the potential sensitivities of the term and might use more specific or politically correct alternatives depending on your audience. Your usage is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker, used effortlessly in both spoken and written forms.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

発展途上の en 30 secondes

A formal term for 'developing'.
Functions as a 'no-adjective' (requires の).
Commonly refers to 'developing countries' (発展途上国).
Implies positive future growth and progress.

The Japanese term 発展途上の (hatten tojō no) is a sophisticated compound adjective used to describe something that is in the process of developing, growing, or evolving. To understand its essence, we must break down its constituent parts. The first half, 発展 (hatten), translates to 'development' or 'expansion.' It combines the kanji for 'departure/emit' (発) and 'unfold/expand' (展). The second half, 途上の (tojō no), literally means 'on the way' or 'mid-route.' Therefore, the word evokes the image of being on a path toward a fuller, more complete state of being. This isn't just a static description of being 'small' or 'new'; it is a dynamic term that implies forward momentum and future potential.

Economic Context: The most common use of this word is in the phrase 発展途上国 (hatten tojō koku), which means 'developing country.' In this context, it refers to nations with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index relative to other countries. It is the standard, polite term used in news, academic papers, and international diplomacy.
Technological Context: When applied to technology or science, it suggests that a field is still in its infancy or is undergoing rapid changes. For instance, '発展途上の技術' (developing technology) refers to something like quantum computing or certain types of AI that are functional but far from their final, polished form.

この技術はまだ発展途上の段階にあります。(This technology is still in a developing stage.)

In social settings, using this word shows a high level of vocabulary. Instead of saying something is 'not good yet' (mada yoku nai), saying it is 'hatten tojō' suggests that while it isn't perfect, it is actively improving. It focuses on the process rather than the lack of completion. This nuance is crucial in Japanese culture, where the effort and the journey (michi) are often valued as much as the destination. You will hear this word frequently on NHK news, in business meetings when discussing new markets, and in university lectures regarding sociology or economics. It carries a formal, objective tone that is essential for B1 learners to master as they transition from daily conversation to more professional or academic Japanese.

Grammatically, 発展途上の functions as a 'no-adjective.' This means it is a noun phrase that requires the particle の (no) to modify another noun. It cannot be used with 'na' or 'i' endings. The basic structure is [発展途上の] + [Noun]. It is rarely used as a standalone predicate (e.g., 'X wa hatten tojō da' is possible but less common than 'hatten tojō no dankai da').

Common Noun Pairings

発展途上の国 (Developing country)
発展途上の技術 (Developing technology)
発展途上の段階 (Developing stage)
発展途上の市場 (Emerging/developing market)

彼は自分の才能はまだ発展途上のものだと信じている。(He believes his talent is still something in development.)

When using this word in the context of international relations, it is often shortened to the compound noun 発展途上国 (hatten tojō koku). In this case, the 'no' is dropped because it has become a single established term. However, if you are describing a specific aspect of that country, you would revert to using 'no,' such as '発展途上の経済' (developing economy). It is also important to note the register: this word is highly formal. In a casual conversation with friends about a half-finished drawing, you wouldn't typically say 'hatten tojō'; you might instead say 'mada tochū' (still in the middle) or 'kaizen no yochi ga aru' (there is room for improvement). Use 'hatten tojō' when you want to sound objective, analytical, or respectful of the growth process.

You will encounter 発展途上の in environments where progress and global issues are discussed. It is a staple of Japanese media, particularly news broadcasts like NHK's 'News 7' or 'Close-up Gendai.' When journalists report on climate change, global wealth inequality, or international aid, 'hatten tojō koku' (developing countries) is the standard terminology. It provides a neutral, respectful way to discuss nations that are working toward modernization.

In the Corporate World: In Japanese business culture, especially within companies that export goods or services, managers often discuss '発展途上の市場' (emerging markets). It signals that the company sees potential for growth and investment. You might also hear it in performance reviews, where a manager might kindly describe an employee's skills as 'hatten tojō' to encourage them that they have room to grow without being overly critical.

政府は発展途上の地域に対して支援を強化することを決定した。(The government decided to strengthen support for developing regions.)

In academic settings, such as university seminars on political science or economics, students and professors use this term to categorize different stages of societal evolution. It is also found in documentaries about nature or technology, describing a species' evolutionary path or the development of a new software language. Because it is a B1-level word, mastering it allows you to participate in these more 'adult' conversations. If you are watching a TED talk in Japanese or reading an editorial in the Asahi Shimbun, keep your ears and eyes open for this phrase; it is the bridge between basic descriptive Japanese and professional analytical Japanese.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 発展 (hatten) with 発達 (hattatsu). While both can translate to 'development' in English, their usage is quite different. Hatten is used for social systems, economies, businesses, and abstract concepts like 'civilization.' Hattatsu is used for physical growth, biological development, or the development of specific skills or organs (e.g., 'the development of a child's brain' would use hattatsu). Saying 'hatten tojō no nō' (a developing brain) would sound very strange to a native speaker, as if the brain were a small country with its own economy.

Mistake: Using 'na' instead of 'no': Learners often treat complex nouns as 'na-adjectives.' Incorrect: 'Hatten tojō na kuni.' Correct: 'Hatten tojō no kuni.' This is because 'tojō' is a noun, and nouns modify other nouns with 'no.'

❌ この計画はまだ発展途上な段階です。
✅ この計画はまだ発展途上の段階です。

Another mistake is using 'hatten tojō' to describe something that is simply 'broken' or 'bad.' This word implies a positive trajectory. If a project is failing and has no hope of improvement, 'hatten tojō' is inappropriate. It should only be used when there is an expectation of future growth. Finally, be careful with the word mi-juku (unripe/immature). While 'hatten tojō' is professional and objective, 'mi-juku' can sometimes sound more critical or personal. If you are talking about a country's economy, 'mi-juku' would be considered slightly insulting, whereas 'hatten tojō' is the standard, respectful term.

To truly master 発展途上の, it helps to see it alongside its synonyms and near-synonyms. Each has a slightly different shade of meaning depending on the context.

1. 開発途上の (kaihatsu tojō no): This is almost identical to 'hatten tojō no' and is often used by official organizations like the UN or JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). 'Kaihatsu' specifically means 'development' in the sense of building infrastructure or exploiting resources. Many official documents prefer '開発途上国' over '発展途上国,' though both are widely understood.
2. 新興の (shinkō no): Meaning 'emerging' or 'newly rising.' This is used specifically for things that are gaining power or influence quickly. '新興国' (emerging nations) usually refers to countries like Brazil or India that are beyond the 'developing' stage but not yet fully 'advanced.'
3. 未熟な (mi-juku na): Meaning 'immature' or 'unskilled.' This is more common for people, fruits, or specific skills. Unlike 'hatten tojō,' which is a broad societal or systemic term, 'mi-juku' is more personal and can be used in self-deprecating ways.

When choosing between these, consider the scale. If you are talking about a global economic trend, use hatten tojō. If you are talking about a brand-new startup company that is just starting to get famous, shinkō is better. If you are talking about your own beginner-level piano playing, mi-juku is the most natural choice. Understanding these distinctions will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The term 'Hatten Tojō Koku' was popularized in Japan during the 1960s as a neutral replacement for more patronizing terms like 'backward countries' (kōshin-koku).

Guide de prononciation

UK /hæt.tɛn toʊ.dʒoʊ noʊ/

US /hæt.tɛn toʊ.dʒoʊ noʊ/

Pitch accent: Hatten (LH-H), Tojō (LH-H). The stress is relatively flat.

Rime avec

Kōjō (improvement) Gōjō (stubbornness) Dōjō (dojo/sympathy) Hōjō (fertility)

Erreurs fréquentes

Shortening the 'ō' in 'tojō' to a short 'o'.
Mispronouncing 'hatten' as 'haten' (missing the double 't').

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 3/5

The kanji '展' and '途' are intermediate level.

Écriture 4/5

Writing '展' (ten) correctly requires attention to stroke order.

Expression orale 3/5

Long vowels in 'tojō' must be pronounced clearly.

Écoute 2/5

Easy to recognize once you know the 'hatten' sound.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

発展 (Development) 途中 (Middle/Way) 経済 (Economy) 技術 (Technology) 国 (Country)

Apprends ensuite

先進国 (Developed country) 新興国 (Emerging country) インフラ (Infrastructure) 持続可能 (Sustainable) 国際協力 (International cooperation)

Avancé

構造改革 (Structural reform) 南北問題 (North-South divide) 飛躍的 (Leaping/Rapid) 未曾有 (Unprecedented) 成熟 (Maturity)

Grammaire à connaître

~の (Noun modification)

発展途上の技術

~にある (Formal existence)

段階にある

~における (In/At formal)

途上国における問題

~と言わざるを得ない (Cannot help but say)

発展途上と言わざるを得ない

~つつある (In the process of)

発展しつつある

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Exemples par niveau

発展途上国には、たくさんの子供がいます。

There are many children in developing countries.

Uses the compound noun 'hatten tojō koku'.

この町は発展途上です。

This town is developing.

Simple predicate use.

発展途上の国を助けたいです。

I want to help developing countries.

'no' connects the phrase to 'kuni'.

日本も昔は発展途上でした。

Japan was also developing a long time ago.

Past tense of the state.

発展途上の市場は面白いです。

Developing markets are interesting.

'no' used with 'shijō' (market).

彼は発展途上の国へ行きました。

He went to a developing country.

Directional particle 'e'.

発展途上の技術を勉強します。

I will study developing technology.

Direct object with 'o'.

これは発展途上の計画です。

This is a developing plan.

Simple 'A wa B desu' structure.

多くの発展途上国が、きれいな水を必要としています。

Many developing countries need clean water.

Focus on the compound noun.

発展途上の地域では、学校が足りません。

In developing regions, there are not enough schools.

'de wa' marks the location.

この会社は、発展途上の国でビジネスをしています。

This company is doing business in developing countries.

Continuous action 'shite imasu'.

発展途上の技術は、これからもっと良くなります。

Developing technology will get even better from now on.

Future potential.

彼は発展途上の国々を回って、写真を撮っています。

He is traveling around developing countries and taking photos.

'kuniguni' means 'various countries'.

発展途上の段階では、色々な問題が起こります。

At the developing stage, various problems occur.

'dankai' means 'stage'.

この国は発展途上ですが、とても活気があります。

This country is developing, but it is very lively.

'ga' used for contrast.

発展途上の産業を支援することが大切です。

It is important to support developing industries.

'koto ga taisetsu' means 'it is important to...'.

そのプロジェクトはまだ発展途上の段階にあり、完成には時間がかかります。

The project is still in a developing stage and will take time to complete.

'ni ari' is a formal way to say 'is in'.

発展途上の経済を安定させるためには、教育が不可欠です。

Education is essential for stabilizing a developing economy.

'tame ni wa' means 'in order to'.

このAIはまだ発展途上のものですが、すでに多くの仕事をこなせます。

This AI is still something in development, but it can already handle many tasks.

'mono' acts as a pronoun for the AI.

発展途上の市場に参入することは、大きなリスクとチャンスを伴います。

Entering a developing market involves great risks and opportunities.

'tomonau' means 'to involve/accompany'.

彼女の歌唱力はまだ発展途上のようだが、将来が楽しみだ。

Her singing ability seems to be still developing, but I look forward to her future.

'yō da' expresses a subjective impression.

発展途上の国におけるインフラ整備は、最優先事項の一つだ。

Infrastructure development in developing countries is one of the top priorities.

'ni okeru' means 'in' or 'at' in a formal context.

その学説はまだ発展途上の理論であり、多くの検証が必要です。

That theory is still a developing one and requires much verification.

'de ari' is a formal 'desu'.

発展途上の地域を支援するボランティア団体に参加した。

I joined a volunteer group that supports developing regions.

Relative clause modifying 'dantai'.

発展途上の諸国が直面している課題は多岐にわたります。

The challenges faced by developing nations are diverse.

'shokoku' is a formal word for 'various countries'.

デジタル化は、発展途上の経済圏に劇的な変化をもたらしている。

Digitalization is bringing dramatic changes to developing economic zones.

'motarashite iru' means 'is bringing about'.

発展途上の技術を実用化するためには、莫大な投資が必要だ。

Enormous investment is needed to put developing technology into practical use.

'jitsuyō-ka suru' means 'to commercialize/put to use'.

この都市の交通網はまだ発展途上の状態にあり、渋滞が激しい。

This city's transportation network is still in a developing state, and traffic congestion is severe.

'jōtai ni ari' describes the current state.

発展途上の民主主義を育てるには、市民の教育が欠かせない。

Civic education is indispensable for nurturing a developing democracy.

'sodateru' (to nurture) used metaphorically.

新薬の開発はまだ発展途上の段階だが、初期の治験では良い結果が出ている。

The development of the new drug is still in a developing stage, but early clinical trials are showing good results.

'shoki no chiken' means 'early clinical trials'.

発展途上の諸国における貧困問題は、国際社会全体で取り組むべき課題だ。

The problem of poverty in developing nations is an issue that the entire international community should address.

'torikumu beki' means 'should tackle'.

彼の政治家としての手腕は、まだ発展途上のものと見なされている。

His skills as a politician are still regarded as being in development.

'to minasarete iru' means 'is regarded as'.

発展途上の経済構造を抜本的に改革するには、政治的安定が不可欠である。

Political stability is essential for fundamentally reforming a developing economic structure.

'bappon-teki ni' means 'fundamentally'.

その新興企業のビジネスモデルは、依然として発展途上の域を脱していない。

That startup's business model still hasn't moved beyond the developing stage.

'iki o dushite inai' is an idiomatic way to say 'hasn't escaped the level/stage of'.

発展途上の諸国におけるエネルギー需要の増大は、地球温暖化の大きな要因となっている。

The increasing energy demand in developing nations is becoming a major factor in global warming.

'zōdai' means 'increase/expansion'.

発展途上の法体系においては、人権の保護がしばしば不十分な場合がある。

In developing legal systems, the protection of human rights is often insufficient.

'hōtaikei' means 'legal system'.

この宇宙開発プログラムは、人類にとって未踏の領域であり、未だ発展途上の段階だ。

This space exploration program is an uncharted territory for humanity and is still in a developing stage.

'mitō no ryōiki' means 'uncharted territory'.

発展途上の文化圏における伝統の継承と現代化の葛藤は、深い議論を呼んでいる。

The conflict between the succession of tradition and modernization in developing cultural spheres is sparking deep debate.

'katto' means 'conflict/struggle'.

その研究分野は発展途上の途にあり、今後数十年で飛躍的な進歩が期待される。

That research field is on the path of development, and breakthrough progress is expected in the coming decades.

'hatten tojō no to ni ari' is a very formal variation.

発展途上の諸国への技術移転は、南北問題の解決に向けた重要なステップである。

Technology transfer to developing nations is an important step toward solving the North-South divide.

'gijutsu iten' means 'technology transfer'.

発展途上のパラダイムが既存の秩序を打破する際、しばしば激しい摩擦が生じる。

When a developing paradigm breaks down the existing order, intense friction often occurs.

'paradaimu' (paradigm) and 'daha suru' (to break down).

文明の進歩という観点から見れば、人類の倫理観は未だ発展途上の途上にあると言わざるを得ない。

From the perspective of civilizational progress, one cannot help but say that human ethics are still in the middle of development.

'iwa-zaru o enai' means 'cannot help but say'.

発展途上の諸国における急速な都市化は、伝統的なコミュニティの解体という代償を伴う。

Rapid urbanization in developing nations comes at the cost of the dismantling of traditional communities.

'daishō o tomonau' means 'to come at a cost/price'.

その哲学体系は、未完かつ発展途上の思想であり、後世の解釈に委ねられている。

That philosophical system is an incomplete and developing thought, left to the interpretation of future generations.

'kōsei no kaishaku ni yudane rarete iru' means 'entrusted to future interpretations'.

発展途上の経済圏が陥りやすい「中所得国の罠」を回避するための戦略が模索されている。

Strategies are being sought to avoid the 'middle-income trap' that developing economic zones often fall into.

'mosaku sarete iru' means 'is being searched for/explored'.

発展途上の芸術様式が洗練され、古典としての地位を確立するまでには、長い歳月が必要だ。

It takes many years for a developing artistic style to be refined and establish its status as a classic.

'sairan sare' means 'to be refined'.

発展途上の社会基盤を支えるのは、数値化できない人々の相互扶助の精神である。

What supports the developing social infrastructure is the unquantifiable spirit of mutual aid among people.

'sōgo fujo' means 'mutual aid'.

発展途上の科学的知見を鵜呑みにせず、常に批判的な視点を持つことが肝要である。

It is vital not to blindly accept developing scientific findings but to always maintain a critical perspective.

'unomi ni sezu' means 'without swallowing whole/blindly accepting'.

Collocations courantes

発展途上国

発展途上の段階

発展途上の技術

発展途上の市場

発展途上の地域

発展途上の経済

発展途上の身

発展途上の理論

発展途上の諸国

発展途上の分野

Phrases Courantes

発展途上国

— A developing country. It is the most common use of the word.

彼は発展途上国でボランティアをしている。

発展途上の段階

— At a stage that is still developing. Used for projects or skills.

この研究はまだ発展途上の段階です。

発展途上の身

— A humble way to say 'I am still learning/developing'.

私はまだまだ発展途上の身ですので、ご指導お願いします。

発展途上の市場

— An emerging or developing market in business.

アジアの発展途上の市場は魅力的だ。

発展途上の技術

— Technology that is not yet fully realized or polished.

自動運転はまだ発展途上の技術だ。

発展途上の国々

— Various developing nations. Plural form.

発展途上の国々のリーダーが集まった。

発展途上の経済

— An economy that is in the process of industrialization.

発展途上の経済にはインフラが必要だ。

発展途上の地域

— Regions or areas that are currently developing.

発展途上の地域に学校を建てる。

発展途上の民主主義

— A political system that is newly becoming democratic.

発展途上の民主主義を守る。

発展途上の分野

— A field of study or industry that is still new.

バイオテクノロジーは発展途上の分野だ。

Souvent confondu avec

発展途上の vs 発達 (Hattatsu)

Hattatsu is for biological growth or skill development; Hatten is for systems/societies.

発展途上の vs 発展 (Hatten)

Hatten is the noun 'development'; Hatten tojō is the state of being 'in development.'

発展途上の vs 途中 (Tochū)

Tochū is 'on the way' for physical movement; Tojō is for progress or abstract paths.

Expressions idiomatiques

"発展途上の域を出ない"

— To not have progressed beyond the developing stage. Often used critically.

彼の作品はまだ発展途上の域を出ていない。

Formal/Literary

"発展途上の途にある"

— To be right in the middle of the path of development.

わが社は今、発展途上の途にあります。

Very Formal

"発展の余地"

— Room for development/growth.

この市場にはまだ発展の余地がある。

Neutral

"途上の人"

— Someone who is still on their journey or still learning.

私たちは皆、人生の途上の人です。

Poetic

"発展の一途をたどる"

— To continue to develop/expand rapidly.

その都市は発展の一途をたどっている。

Formal

"建設途上の"

— Under construction. Similar structure.

建設途上のビルが見える。

Neutral

"完成の域に達する"

— To reach the level of perfection (opposite of hatten tojō).

彼の技術は完成の域に達している。

Formal

"未完の大器"

— A great talent that is still incomplete (developing).

彼はまさに未完の大器だ。

Literary

"卵の段階"

— The egg stage (very beginning of development).

その計画はまだ卵の段階だ。

Informal

"産声を上げたばかり"

— Just let out its first cry (just started developing).

この事業は産声を上げたばかりだ。

Metaphorical

Facile à confondre

発展途上の vs 発達

Both mean 'development'.

Hattatsu is biological/physical (e.g., child's growth). Hatten is systemic/social (e.g., economy).

子供の脳が発達する。

発展途上の vs 開発

Both involve 'developing' something new.

Kaihatsu is intentional (e.g., land development, software). Hatten can be natural or systemic growth.

新しいソフトを開発する。

発展途上の vs 進歩

Both mean 'progress'.

Shinpo is qualitative improvement (e.g., technology getting better). Hatten is expansion/growth.

科学が進歩する。

発展途上の vs 成長

Both mean 'growth'.

Seichō is general growth (plants, people, companies). Hatten is more formal and often used for larger scales like nations.

会社が成長する。

発展途上の vs 新興

Both describe something new/rising.

Shinkō implies a sudden rise in power/fame. Hatten tojō implies a steady process of building up.

新興宗教。

Structures de phrases

[Place] は発展途上の国です。

ベトナムは発展途上の国です。

[Project] はまだ発展途上の段階にあります。

この計画はまだ発展途上の段階にあります。

発展途上の [Noun] を支援する。

発展途上の地域を支援する。

発展途上の [Noun] に投資するのはリスクがある。

発展途上の市場に投資するのはリスクがある。

[Skill] は発展途上のものと見なされている。

彼の技術は発展途上のものと見なされている。

発展途上の域を脱していない。

その研究は発展途上の域を脱していない。

発展途上の諸国における [Issue]。

発展途上の諸国における教育問題。

[Concept] は未だ発展途上の途上にある。

人類の平和は未だ発展途上の途上にある。

Famille de mots

Noms

発展 (Development)

途上 (On the way)

発展途上国 (Developing country)

Verbes

発展する (To develop)

Adjectifs

発展的な (Developmental/constructive)

Apparenté

発達 (Growth)

進化 (Evolution)

進歩 (Progress)

拡大 (Expansion)

向上 (Improvement)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Common in news and business; rare in daily casual speech.

Erreurs courantes

発展途上な国 → 発展途上の国
'Tojō' is a noun, so it needs 'no' to modify another noun, not 'na'.
脳の発展 → 脳の発達
'Hatten' is for social/economic systems. 'Hattatsu' is for biological growth.
発展途上国に住んでいる。 → 発展途上国に住んでいる。
(This is correct, but many learners forget the 'u' in 'tojō').
仕事が発展途上だ。 → 仕事が発展途上の段階だ。
Adding 'dankai' (stage) makes it sound more natural as a predicate.
開発途上な地域 → 開発途上の地域
Same 'no' vs 'na' issue with the official synonym.

Astuces

Master the 'Tojō' Kanji

The 'To' (途) in 'Tojō' is the same as in 'Tochū' (途中). If you remember 'Tochū', you already know half of 'Tojō'!

The 'No' Rule

Always pair it with 'no' when it comes before a noun. 'Hatten tojō no kuni' is your go-to phrase.

Humble Brag

Use it to describe your own projects to sound like you have high standards and a growth mindset.

News Keywords

When you hear 'hatten tojō', get ready for a story about international aid, global warming, or economy.

Avoid for People

Don't use it to describe a child's height. Use 'seichō' for that. 'Hatten' is for big systems.

Compound Shortcut

For 'Developing Country', just write '発展途上国' – no 'no' needed in the compound!

Japan's ODA

Understanding this word helps you understand Japan's foreign policy and why they give so much aid.

Road Map

Visualize a map with a road that is still being paved. That road is the 'Tojō'.

Switch it up

Use 'Shinkō' (新興) if the thing is specifically 'emerging' or becoming trendy.

Essay Essential

This is a 'must-have' word for any essay about global issues or technology.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'HAT' (Hatten) that is 'TOO' (To) 'JOE' (Jō) - Joe is still growing into his big hat of success!

Association visuelle

Imagine a seedling (Hatten) in the middle of a road (Tojō) leading toward a giant skyscraper.

Word Web

発展 (Development) 途上 (On the way) 国 (Country) 段階 (Stage) 技術 (Technology) 市場 (Market) 未来 (Future) 成長 (Growth)

Défi

Try to describe your Japanese level using 'hatten tojō' in your next self-introduction to sound humble and professional.

Origine du mot

A compound of two Sino-Japanese words: 'Hatten' (発展) and 'Tojō' (途上).

Sens originel : 'Hatten' means to unfold or expand outward. 'Tojō' means on the road or mid-journey.

Sino-Japanese (Kango).

Contexte culturel

While 'hatten tojō' is neutral, some modern critics prefer 'Global South' (グローバル・サウス) to avoid the implication that all countries must follow a Western 'development' path.

In English, we often say 'developing world' or 'emerging nations.' 'Hatten tojō' is the direct equivalent.

JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) reports. NHK News World sections. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Japanese translations.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

International News

発展途上国への援助
経済格差の拡大
持続可能な発展

Business Meetings

発展途上の市場
将来性のある分野
投資のリスク

Academic Papers

発展途上の段階にある
社会構造の変化
実証的な研究

Personal Hobbies

発展途上の腕前
練習の成果
今後の課題

Technology Reviews

発展途上のシステム
バグの修正
次世代の技術

Amorces de conversation

"最近、発展途上国でボランティアをすることに興味がありますか？"

"どの国の市場が今、一番発展途上だと思いますか？"

"あなたの日本語のスキルは、まだ発展途上の段階だと思いますか？"

"発展途上の技術の中で、何に一番期待していますか？"

"発展途上国を支援するために、何が一番大切だと思いますか？"

Sujets d'écriture

自分のスキルで、まだ「発展途上」だと思うものは何ですか？

10年後の発展途上国はどうなっていると思いますか？

発展途上の技術が私たちの生活をどう変えるか書いてください。

「発展途上」という言葉から、どんなイメージを持ちますか？

発展途上の地域を旅行したことがありますか？その時の感想は？

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Yes, but it sounds very formal. It's a humble way to say you are still learning, best used in a speech or business setting. In casual talk, 'mada mada desu' is better.

'Hatten tojō koku' is the general term used by the public and media. 'Kaihatsu tojō koku' is the official term used by the Japanese government and international organizations like the UN.

Generally, no. It is the standard polite term. However, in some contexts, focusing only on a country's 'developing' status might seem reductive, so 'Global South' is sometimes used instead.

No, that is a grammar mistake. You must use 'hatten tojō no' because 'tojō' is a noun.

It has 13 strokes. Be careful with the bottom part; it's not the same as '衣' (clothes). It contains '衣' but with an extra stroke inside.

Usually no. For animals or plants, 'seichō' (growth) or 'hattatsu' (development) is used. 'Hatten' is for human-made systems or societies.

Yes, you can say 'hatten tojō deshita' (was developing). For example, 'Japan was a developing country in the past.'

The direct opposite for countries is 'senshin' (advanced), as in 'senshin-koku' (developed country). For skills, it might be 'jukuren' (skilled) or 'kansei' (complete).

'Hatten' (発展) has two 't' sounds. Make sure to pause slightly for the small 'tsu' (っ).

In the 'World' or 'Economy' section of a Japanese newspaper like the Nikkei or the Asahi Shimbun.

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