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B2 noun 8 min de lecture

策定

sakutei

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 策定 en 30 secondes

Explication 策定 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '策定' (sakutei) is a very difficult word that you usually don't need to know. It is much better to use simple words like '作る' (tsukuru - to make) or '決める' (kimeru - to decide). If you see this word, just think of it as a very fancy way of saying 'making a big plan.' You might see it on a poster for a city event or in a very formal letter, but you don't need to use it in your daily life. Imagine you are making a plan to meet a friend. You would say '計画を立てる' (keikaku o tateru). You would only use 'sakutei' if you were the mayor of a city making a plan for the whole city's future. It consists of two kanji: 'saku' which means 'plan' and 'tei' which means 'decide.' So, it literally means 'deciding a plan.' Even though it's hard, knowing that Japanese has different words for 'making' depending on how important the thing is will help you later. For now, just remember: Sakutei = Big, Formal Plan.

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At the A2 level, you might start seeing '策定' (sakutei) in simple news stories or formal announcements at work or school. It means 'to formulate' or 'to officially set a plan.' While you should still use '計画を立てる' (keikaku o tateru) for your own plans, you should recognize '策定' when a company or the government is doing the planning. For example, 'The company formulated a new rule' might use this word. It is a 'suru-verb,' so it becomes '策定する.' You will often see it in the form '計画の策定' (formulation of a plan). A good way to remember it is that 'sakutei' is for 'official' things. If it involves a lot of people and a formal document, 'sakutei' is likely the word being used. It's a step up from 'kimeru' (to decide) because it implies that the decision was made after a long process of thinking and writing. Don't worry about using it in speaking yet, but try to notice it in formal writing.

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At the B1 level, '策定' (sakutei) becomes an important vocabulary word for understanding business and social contexts. You should understand that this word is specifically used for the 'formulation' of strategies, policies, and large-scale plans. It is a key term in the 'Plan-Do-Check-Act' (PDCA) cycle often discussed in Japanese business. When you read an article about environmental issues, you will see '対策の策定' (formulation of measures). The nuance here is that the plan is being 'fixed' or 'established' as an official directive. You should be able to distinguish it from '作成' (sakusei), which is just 'making' a document. For example, if you are tasked with writing the actual text of a plan that has already been decided, you are '作成'-ing it. If you are part of the committee deciding what the plan should be, you are involved in the '策定.' You should start using this word in formal writing, such as business emails or academic essays, to describe the creation of frameworks or guidelines.

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At the B2 level, you are expected to use '策定' (sakutei) accurately in professional and academic settings. This word is a hallmark of the 'formal' register (Katamaro) and is essential for discussing management, governance, and organizational strategy. You should understand its collocations, such as '経営戦略の策定' (formulation of management strategy) or 'ガイドラインの策定' (establishment of guidelines). At this level, you should also be aware of its synonyms like '立案' (ritsuan - drafting/proposing) and '制定' (seitei - enacting laws). '策定' specifically refers to the stage where a plan is finalized and authorized. It implies a systematic approach involving data analysis and consensus-building. In a B2 level discussion, you might use it to describe the process of a project: 'We spent three months on the formulation (sakutei) of the project charter.' You should also be comfortable with the passive form '策定された,' which is ubiquitous in official reports. Using this word correctly will make your Japanese sound sophisticated and appropriately professional for a business environment.

At the C1 level, your understanding of '策定' (sakutei) should include its subtle bureaucratic and legal implications. You should recognize that 'sakutei' is not just about the act of planning, but about the 'legitimization' of a strategy within an institutional framework. It often implies that the plan has gone through a 'ringi' (consensus-seeking) process and now stands as the official 'will' of the organization. You should be able to discuss the nuances between '策定,' '制定,' and '改定' (kaitei - revision). For instance, '策定' is the first-time establishment, while '改定' is the formal update of that established plan. In complex reading passages, you will encounter '策定' in the context of international relations (e.g., formulating a treaty) or high-level economic theory. You should be able to use it in sophisticated sentence structures, such as '多様なステークホルダーの意向を反映した政策策定が求められている' (The formulation of policies that reflect the intentions of diverse stakeholders is required). At this level, you are not just learning the word; you are mastering the 'official' register of the Japanese language.

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At the C2 level, you should have a native-like command of '策定' (sakutei), understanding its placement within the broader landscape of Japanese administrative and legal terminology. You should be able to analyze how 'sakutei' functions as a 'performative' act in organizational discourse—once a plan is 'sakutei-ed,' it becomes a binding document that dictates resource allocation and accountability. You should be sensitive to the stylistic choices of using 'sakutei' versus more specific terms like '編纂' (hensan - compilation) or '策進' (sakushin - promotion of a plan). In professional translation or high-level negotiation, you would use 'sakutei' to convey a sense of 'authoritative finalization.' You should also be able to critique the 'sakutei process' in a professional context, discussing things like '策定プロセスの透明性' (transparency of the formulation process). Your usage should be flawless, reflecting an understanding of the word's history as a 'kango' (Sino-Japanese word) that lends an air of gravity and institutional weight to any document or speech. You are essentially using the language of CEOs, high-ranking officials, and legal experts.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

策定 en 30 secondes

策定 (Sakutei) is a formal Japanese term meaning to formulate or establish an official plan, policy, or strategy within an organization.
It is primarily used in business and government contexts, distinguishing it from casual 'planning' or 'deciding' (keikaku/kimeru).
The word implies a systematic and authoritative process that results in a finalized, documented framework or set of guidelines.
Commonly paired with words like 'management strategy' (経営戦略), 'policy' (政策), and 'guidelines' (ガイドライン).

The Japanese word 策定 (さくてい, sakutei) is a formal noun that translates most accurately to 'formulation,' 'establishment,' or 'mapping out' of a plan or policy. While in English we might simply say 'making a plan,' sakutei carries a weight of officiality and systematic deliberation. It is not used for deciding what to have for dinner or planning a casual weekend trip. Instead, it is the word of choice in corporate boardrooms, government offices, and academic institutions when a significant, structured strategy is being brought into existence. The nuance lies in the transition from an abstract idea to a concrete, documented framework. When a government agency performs the sakutei of a new environmental policy, they aren't just thinking about it; they are engaging in a rigorous process of research, drafting, and formalizing rules that will govern future actions.

Register: Highly formal (Katamaro). Used primarily in written documents, news reports, and professional meetings.
Target Objects: Strategies (戦略), Policies (政策), Plans (計画), Guidelines (指針), and Standards (基準).
Semantic Range: Covers the entire lifecycle of creation from initial drafting to final official approval.

政府は来年度の予算案を策定した。
(The government has formulated the budget proposal for the next fiscal year.)

To understand sakutei, one must look at its constituent kanji. 策 (saku) means a scheme, plan, or means to achieve a goal. 定 (tei) means to decide, fix, or establish. Together, they describe the act of 'fixing a scheme.' This implies that before the sakutei, things were fluid or undecided. After the sakutei, there is a clear, authoritative path forward. This word is essential for anyone working in a Japanese professional environment because it appears constantly in annual reports and 'Medium-Term Management Plans' (中期経営計画). Using this word correctly demonstrates a high level of Japanese proficiency and an understanding of Japanese organizational logic, where the process of building consensus (nemawashi) leads to the final sakutei.

新製品のマーケティング戦略を策定する。
(To formulate a marketing strategy for a new product.)

災害対策基本法の策定に関わる。
(To be involved in the establishment of the Basic Act on Disaster Management.)

企業理念の策定は創業者の役割だ。
(Establishing the corporate philosophy is the role of the founder.)

長期的なビジョンの策定が不可欠である。
(The formulation of a long-term vision is essential.)

Using 策定 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a suru-verb or a stand-alone noun. When used as a verb, it takes the form [Object]を策定する. Common objects include abstract nouns representing directives or frameworks. For example, 'formulating a guideline' is ガイドラインを策定する. In a passive sense, such as 'the plan was formulated,' you would use 策定された. This is extremely common in news reporting where the focus is on the action taken by an organization rather than the specific individuals who did the work.

Noun Usage: Often appears as [Noun]の策定. Example: 戦略の策定 (Formulation of strategy).
Verb Usage: Takes the direct object marker を. Example: 計画を策定する (To formulate a plan).
Compound Nouns: Commonly combined with other kanji like 策定プロセス (formulation process) or 策定委員会 (formulation committee).

In business contexts, sakutei is frequently found in the 'Preparation' or 'Planning' phase of a project lifecycle. If you are writing a report, you might say: 'We are currently in the process of formulating the next steps' as 「現在、次なるステップの策定段階にあります」. This sounds much more professional than using simpler verbs like kangaeru (thinking) or tsukuru (making). It implies that the planning is being done with rigor, data analysis, and official intent. Furthermore, in legal or bureaucratic contexts, the sakutei of a law or regulation is a specific milestone that indicates the draft has been finalized and is ready for implementation.

このプロジェクトは、実施計画の策定から始まった。
(This project began with the formulation of an implementation plan.)

経営陣は、市場の変化に対応するための新戦略を策定中だ。
(The management team is currently formulating a new strategy to respond to market changes.)

地域活性化のためのガイドラインを策定した。
(We formulated guidelines for regional revitalization.)

新しい安全基準の策定には、専門家の意見が必要だ。
(The formulation of new safety standards requires expert opinions.)

その計画は、数ヶ月にわたる議論の末に策定された。
(The plan was formulated after several months of discussion.)

You will encounter 策定 most frequently in high-level media and professional communication. If you watch NHK News, you will hear it in almost every broadcast concerning government actions. For instance, when the Prime Minister's office announces a new economic package, they will use the phrase 'keizai taisaku no sakutei' (formulation of economic measures). In the corporate world, during quarterly earnings presentations or annual general meetings, executives will speak about the sakutei of their future visions to reassure investors that they have a solid, well-thought-out plan. It is a word that signals 'seriousness' and 'official commitment.'

News Media: Reporting on legislative changes, international treaties, or city planning. 'The city formulated a 10-year development plan.'
Business Documents: Found in white papers, business proposals, and internal memos regarding policy changes.
Academic Research: Used when discussing the creation of theoretical frameworks or research methodologies.

In a Japanese office, you might hear a manager say, 「来期の予算の策定に取り掛かりましょう」 (Let's get to work on formulating next period's budget). This usage implies a collaborative effort where various departments provide input. In contrast, if a single person is just making a list of tasks, they would say tsukuru or keikaku suru. The word sakutei elevates the action to a formal process. It is also a staple in the JLPT N1 and N2 exams, specifically in the reading sections that deal with social issues or business management. Understanding this word helps you decode the 'official' voice of Japanese society, which often prefers precise, formal terminology over colloquial expressions.

政府は新たな少子化対策を策定する方針を固めた。
(The government has decided on a policy to formulate new measures against the declining birthrate.)

国連は持続可能な開発目標の策定において中心的な役割を果たした。
(The United Nations played a central role in the formulation of the Sustainable Development Goals.)

企業の社会的責任（CSR）に関するガイドラインを策定した。
(We formulated guidelines regarding Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).)

自治体は、避難計画の策定を住民と協力して進めている。
(The local government is proceeding with the formulation of an evacuation plan in cooperation with residents.)

新しい教育カリキュラムの策定が急務となっている。
(The formulation of a new educational curriculum has become an urgent matter.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 策定 is overusing it in informal or personal situations. Because its English translation 'formulate' or 'establish' can sometimes be used broadly, students might try to apply it to their private lives. For example, saying 'I formulated a plan for my date' using sakutei would sound bizarrely robotic and overly bureaucratic to a native speaker. It would imply that the date is a government policy or a corporate merger. For personal plans, use 計画を立てる (keikaku o tateru) or 決める (kimeru).

Mistake 1: Personal Usage: Using it for personal schedules or small-scale tasks. 'I formulated a shopping list' (Wrong).
Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Implementation': 策定 is only the planning/deciding phase. It does not mean carrying out the plan. That would be 実施 (jisshi) or 実行 (jikko).
Mistake 3: Object Mismatch: Using it with concrete physical objects. You don't 'sakutei' a house; you 'sakutei' the building plan for the house.

Another common error is confusing sakutei with sakusei (作成). While they sound similar, sakusei means 'to create' or 'to produce' a document, a file, or a physical item. If you are just typing up a document that someone else planned, you are doing sakusei. If you are deciding the core strategy that the document will outline, you are doing sakutei. A manager sakutei-s the strategy, and the assistant sakusei-s the PowerPoint presentation for it. Mixing these up in a business setting can lead to confusion about your role and the status of the project. Always remember: sakutei is about the 'what' and 'why' (strategy), while sakusei is often about the 'how' (production).

× 今日の晩御飯の献立を策定した。
○ 今日の晩御飯の献立を決めた。
(I decided on tonight's dinner menu.)

× 報告書を策定する。
○ 報告書を作成する。
(To create/write a report.)

× 計画を策定して、そのまま終わった。
○ 計画を策定したが、実施されなかった。
(We formulated the plan, but it wasn't implemented.)

× 友達との旅行の計画を策定中。
○ 友達との旅行を計画中。
(Planning a trip with friends.)

× 新しい法律を策定して配った。
○ 新しい法律を策定し、公布した。
(Formulated the new law and promulgated it.)

Japanese has several words for 'planning' or 'creating,' and choosing the right one is key to sounding natural. 策定 is at the top of the formality scale. Let's compare it with its closest relatives. 作成 (sakusei) is about the physical act of making a document or item. 立案 (ritsuan) is about the initial drafting or proposing of a plan—it's the 'idea' phase. 決定 (kettei) is simply the act of deciding. 制定 (seitei) is specifically for establishing laws or formal regulations by an authoritative body.

策定 vs. 立案: 立案 (ritsuan) is the 'drafting' stage. 策定 (sakutei) is the final 'establishment' of the plan.
策定 vs. 作成: 作成 (sakusei) focuses on the output (a file, a paper). 策定 focuses on the strategic content.
策定 vs. 制定: 制定 (seitei) is strictly for laws/rules. 策定 is broader, covering business strategies and general policies.

In a professional workflow, the sequence usually goes like this: First, someone ritsuan (proposes) a draft. Then, after many meetings, the management sakutei (formulates/establishes) the official plan. Finally, the staff sakusei (creates) the actual documents or manuals to implement it. If the plan involves new company rules, they might seitei (enact) those rules. Understanding these distinctions allows you to describe business processes with precision. If you use sakutei when you should have used sakusei, you might sound like you're taking too much credit for the strategy when you just did the clerical work. Conversely, using sakusei for a major strategic shift underplays the importance of the decision.

企画を立案し、詳細を策定する。
(Draft a proposal and then formulate the details.)

新しい憲法を制定する。
(To enact a new constitution.)

マニュアルを作成して配布した。
(Created and distributed the manual.)

方針を決定するのは社長の仕事だ。
(It is the president's job to decide the policy.)

計画を練る (neru).
(To polish/work out a plan - more idiomatic/less formal than sakutei.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The kanji 策 (saku) also means 'whip' in some contexts, suggesting that a strategy is something used to drive or guide an organization forward.

Guide de prononciation

UK sæˈkuːteɪ

US sɑˈkuteɪ

Flat (Heiban). In Japanese, the pitch remains relatively level across the syllables.

Rime avec

確定 (kakutei) 設定 (settei) 特定 (tokutei) 推定 (suitei) 肯定 (koutei) 否定 (hitei) 改定 (kaitei) 暫定 (zantei)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'tei' like 'tie'. It should be 'tay'.
Adding a heavy English stress on the first syllable.
Confusing the 'u' sound in 'ku' with 'uh'. It's a short 'oo'.
Skipping the 'u' sound entirely (s'ktei).
Mixing it up with 'sakusei' (creation).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

Requires knowledge of N2-level kanji and formal context.

Écriture 4/5

Difficult to use correctly without sounding too robotic or too casual.

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but only used in formal speeches or meetings.

Écoute 3/5

Very common in news, so it's easy to hear if you know it.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

計画 (keikaku) 決定 (kettei) 戦略 (senryaku) 作成 (sakusei) 政策 (seisaku)

Apprends ensuite

制定 (seitei) 改定 (kaitei) 実施 (jisshi) 運用 (unyou) 評価 (hyouka)

Avancé

編纂 (hensan) 公布 (koufu) 稟議 (ringi) 諮問 (shimon) 答申 (toushin)

Grammaire à connaître

Suru-verbs (N+する)

策定する (To formulate)

Noun + の + Noun

計画の策定 (Formulation of a plan)

Passive Voice (〜される)

策定される (To be formulated)

Causative Passive (〜せられる)

策定させられる (To be made to formulate)

Compound Nouns (Kango + Kango)

政策策定 (Policy formulation)

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Exemples par niveau

しやくしょが、あたらしいけいかくをさくていしました。

The city office formulated a new plan.

Used as a very formal version of 'made'.

かいしゃのルールをさくていする。

To formulate the company rules.

Sakutei-suru is the verb form.

これはだいじなさくていです。

This is an important formulation/establishment.

Used here as a noun.

がっこうのししんをさくていした。

Formulated the school's guidelines.

Formal word for establishing school rules.

みんなでけいかくをさくていしましょう。

Let's all formulate a plan together.

Adding 'mashou' to make it a suggestion.

さくていのじかんです。

It is time for the formulation (process).

Noun usage in a simple sentence.

あした、さくていしたけいかくをはっぴょうします。

Tomorrow, I will announce the formulated plan.

The past tense 'sakutei-shita' describes the plan.

このさくていはむずかしいです。

This formulation is difficult.

Describing the process with an adjective.

政府は新しい経済政策を策定しました。

The government formulated a new economic policy.

Common news-style sentence.

来月のスケジュールを策定するのは大変です。

Formulating next month's schedule is hard.

Using 'sakutei' for a large-scale schedule.

プロジェクトの基本方針を策定する。

To formulate the basic policy of the project.

Standard business usage.

策定された計画を確認してください。

Please check the formulated plan.

Passive form 'sakutei-sareta' used as an adjective.

委員会が新しい基準を策定中だ。

The committee is currently formulating new standards.

'Chuu' indicates the action is in progress.

この町は10年後のビジョンを策定した。

This town formulated a vision for 10 years later.

Used for long-term planning.

予算の策定には時間がかかります。

Formulating the budget takes time.

Noun usage with the particle 'no'.

安全マニュアルの策定が必要だ。

Formulating a safety manual is necessary.

Expressing necessity with 'hitsuyou'.

わが社は、中期経営計画を策定することになった。

Our company has decided to formulate a medium-term management plan.

'Koto ni natta' indicates a formal decision.

新製品の販売戦略を策定するために会議を開く。

We will hold a meeting to formulate the sales strategy for the new product.

'Tame ni' shows the purpose of the meeting.

災害時の避難ルートを策定しておく必要がある。

It is necessary to formulate evacuation routes for disasters in advance.

'~te oku' means to do something in preparation.

市の発展に向けたガイドラインを策定した。

We formulated guidelines for the development of the city.

'~ni muketa' means 'aimed at'.

この方針は、専門家の意見を聞いて策定されました。

This policy was formulated after listening to expert opinions.

Polite passive form.

策定プロセスの透明性を高めることが求められている。

Improving the transparency of the formulation process is required.

Abstract noun phrase as a subject.

環境保護のための新しい基準を策定した。

We formulated new standards for environmental protection.

Standard 'A for the sake of B' structure.

来年度の採用計画を策定する段階です。

We are at the stage of formulating next year's recruitment plan.

'Dankai' means 'stage' or 'phase'.

持続可能な社会の実現に向けたロードマップを策定した。

We formulated a roadmap aimed at realizing a sustainable society.

Roadmap is a common object for sakutei.

各部門の責任者が集まり、事業継続計画（BCP）を策定した。

Heads of each department gathered and formulated a Business Continuity Plan (BCP).

BCP is a highly technical business term.

国はサイバーセキュリティ基本法に基づく計画を策定している。

The country is formulating a plan based on the Basic Act on Cybersecurity.

'~ni motozuku' means 'based on'.

市場調査の結果を踏まえて、ターゲット層への戦略を策定する。

Based on the market research results, we will formulate a strategy for the target audience.

'~o fumaete' means 'taking into account'.

教育委員会は、いじめ防止のための基本方針を策定した。

The board of education formulated a basic policy for bullying prevention.

Social policy context.

新技術の普及を促進するためのガイドラインが策定された。

Guidelines were formulated to promote the spread of new technology.

Passive voice in a formal context.

自治体は、空き家対策に関する計画を策定中である。

The local government is currently formulating a plan regarding measures for abandoned houses.

'~ni kansuru' means 'regarding'.

経営陣は、不祥事再発防止策の策定を最優先事項としている。

The management team has made the formulation of measures to prevent recurrence of scandals their top priority.

Complex compound noun as an object.

グローバル競争力を強化するための長期的戦略の策定が急務だ。

The formulation of a long-term strategy to strengthen global competitiveness is an urgent matter.

Formal academic/business tone.

多様なステークホルダーの合意形成を経て、本計画が策定された。

This plan was formulated after reaching a consensus among diverse stakeholders.

'~o hete' means 'through/after passing through'.

政府は、AIの倫理的利用に関する国際的な枠組みの策定を主導している。

The government is leading the formulation of an international framework for the ethical use of AI.

International relations context.

地域経済の活性化を図るべく、包括的な振興計画を策定した。

We formulated a comprehensive promotion plan in order to revitalize the regional economy.

'~beku' is a formal way to say 'in order to'.

策定されたビジョンを全社員に浸透させることが、次の課題である。

The next challenge is to ensure the formulated vision permeates all employees.

'Shintou saseru' means 'to make permeate/soak in'.

法整備の遅れが、新たな産業の基準策定を阻んでいる。

Delays in legal infrastructure are hindering the formulation of standards for new industries.

'Habamu' means 'to hinder/block'.

リスク管理体制の策定において、客観的なデータ分析が欠かせない。

In the formulation of a risk management system, objective data analysis is indispensable.

'~ni oite' means 'in/at'.

今回の基本計画の策定は、将来の都市構造を決定づけるものだ。

The formulation of this basic plan will define the future urban structure.

'Ketteizukeru' means 'to define/determine'.

地政学的リスクを考慮しつつ、エネルギー安全保障戦略を策定した。

We formulated an energy security strategy while taking geopolitical risks into account.

'~tsutsu' means 'while doing (simultaneously)'.

本ガイドラインの策定は、業界全体の健全な発展に寄与することを目的としている。

The formulation of these guidelines aims to contribute to the healthy development of the entire industry.

'Kiyo suru' is a formal word for 'contribute'.

意思決定プロセスの不透明さが、政策策定の正当性を損なう恐れがある。

The lack of transparency in the decision-making process may undermine the legitimacy of policy formulation.

'Sokonau osore ga aru' means 'fear/danger of damaging'.

新たな法案の策定に際しては、憲法との整合性を厳密に検証する必要がある。

Upon formulating a new bill, it is necessary to strictly verify its consistency with the Constitution.

'~ni saishite wa' means 'upon/when'.

企業統治の強化を目指し、実効性の高い内部統制システムを策定した。

Aiming to strengthen corporate governance, we formulated a highly effective internal control system.

'Jikkousei' means 'effectiveness/practicability'.

策定された規範は、グローバル・スタンダードとしての地位を確立しつつある。

The formulated norms are establishing their position as a global standard.

High-level register.

環境負荷低減に向けた行動指針の策定が、企業の社会的評価を左右する。

The formulation of action guidelines for reducing environmental impact influences a company's social reputation.

'Sayuu suru' means 'to influence/depend on'.

包括的な経済連携協定の策定は、多国間交渉の難航が予想される。

The formulation of a comprehensive economic partnership agreement is expected to face difficulties in multilateral negotiations.

'Nankou' means 'stormy passage/difficulties'.

Synonymes

立案計画決定設定構築

Antonymes

撤廃廃止白紙

Collocations courantes

経営戦略の策定

政策の策定

ガイドラインの策定

計画を策定する

基本方針の策定

予算の策定

基準を策定する

ビジョンの策定

策定段階

策定プロセス

Phrases Courantes

策定を急ぐ

— To hurry the formulation process. Often used when a problem needs a fast solution.

政府は災害対策の策定を急いでいる。

策定に関与する

— To be involved in the formulation. Implies having a say in the planning.

彼は新戦略の策定に関与している。

策定を見送る

— To postpone or decide against the formulation for now.

予算不足のため、新計画の策定は見送られた。

策定の主導権を握る

— To take the lead in the formulation process.

財務省が予算策定の主導権を握っている。

策定に乗り出す

— To start the process of formulation actively.

自治体が独自の観光計画の策定に乗り出した。

策定を支援する

— To support or assist in the formulation process.

コンサルタントが経営計画の策定を支援する。

策定を義務付ける

— To make the formulation (of a plan) mandatory by law or rule.

法律で避難計画の策定が義務付けられた。

策定の根拠

— The basis or rationale for the formulation of a plan.

この計画の策定の根拠を説明してください。

策定が進む

— The formulation is progressing.

新しい規制の策定が着々と進んでいる。

策定を求める

— To demand or request the formulation of a plan.

住民は安全対策の策定を求めている。

Souvent confondu avec

策定 vs 作成 (sakusei)

Sakusei is making a file or document. Sakutei is deciding the strategy.

策定 vs 制定 (seitei)

Seitei is specifically for laws. Sakutei is broader (strategies, policies).

策定 vs 画策 (kakusaku)

Kakusaku often has a negative nuance, like 'scheming' or 'plotting' in secret.

Expressions idiomatiques

"策を練る (saku o neru)"

— To work out a scheme or plan carefully. Related to 'sakutei' but more idiomatic.

勝利のために策を練る。

Neutral/Formal

"万全の策 (banzen no saku)"

— A foolproof plan; a perfect strategy.

万全の策を策定した。

Formal

"苦肉の策 (kuniku no saku)"

— A desperate measure; a strategy born out of necessity.

それは苦肉の策としての策定だった。

Neutral/Formal

"策に溺れる (saku ni oboreru)"

— To be outwitted by one's own cleverness.

策に溺れて失敗しないよう注意が必要だ。

Neutral

"三十六計逃げるに如かず (sanjurokkei nigeru ni shikazu)"

— Sometimes the best plan is to retreat (36 stratagems). Uses the same 'saku' kanji.

無理をせず、三十六計逃げるに如かずだ。

Informal/Idiom

"策を弄する (saku o rousuru)"

— To resort to tricks or schemes.

彼は策を弄して地位を手に入れた。

Formal/Negative

"無策 (musaku)"

— Lack of a plan or policy; resourcefulness.

政府の無策が批判されている。

Formal

"一策を案じる (issaku o anjiru)"

— To think of a plan or a way out.

窮地を脱するために一策を案じた。

Formal

"上策 (jousaku)"

— The best policy; the wisest course of action.

冷静に対応するのが上策だ。

Formal

"下策 (gesaku)"

— A bad policy; a foolish move.

力ずくで解決するのは下策と言える。

Formal

Facile à confondre

策定 vs 立案 (ritsuan)

Both involve planning.

Ritsuan is the initial draft/idea. Sakutei is the final official establishment.

企画を立案し、最終的に策定する。

策定 vs 決定 (kettei)

Both involve making a choice.

Kettei is simple 'deciding.' Sakutei is a systematic process of 'formulating' a complex plan.

日程を決定する vs. 戦略を策定する。

策定 vs 構築 (kouchiku)

Both involve 'building' something abstract.

Kouchiku is building a system or relationship. Sakutei is establishing a plan or policy.

ネットワークを構築する vs. 計画を策定する。

策定 vs 設定 (settei)

Both involve 'setting' something.

Settei is setting targets or parameters. Sakutei is formulating a comprehensive strategy.

目標を設定する vs. 経営戦略を策定する。

策定 vs 樹立 (じゅりつ)

Both mean 'establish'.

Jyuritsu is for records or regimes. Sakutei is for plans or policies.

新記録を樹立する vs. ガイドラインを策定する。

Structures de phrases

[Noun] をさくていします。

ルールをさくていします。

[Noun] の策定を行う。

計画の策定を行う。

[Noun] を策定するために [Verb]。

戦略を策定するために話し合う。

[Noun] に基づいて [Noun] を策定する。

法律に基づいて計画を策定する。

[Noun] の策定が急務となっている。

新基準の策定が急務となっている。

[Noun] の策定プロセスの [Noun] を図る。

策定プロセスの透明化を図る。

Business

中期経営計画の策定に着手する。

We are starting the formulation of the medium-term management plan.

Academic

理論的枠組みの策定を試みる。

Attempting the formulation of a theoretical framework.

Famille de mots

Noms

策 (saku) - plan/means

策定 (sakutei) - formulation

政策 (seisaku) - policy

対策 (taisaku) - countermeasure

方策 (housaku) - plan/method

Verbes

策定する (sakutei suru) - to formulate

策を練る (saku o neru) - to work out a plan

定める (sadameru) - to decide/establish

Apparenté

戦略 (senryaku) - strategy

計画 (keikaku) - plan

指針 (shishin) - guidelines

枠組み (wakugumi) - framework

立案 (ritsuan) - drafting

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very common in professional/official Japanese; rare in casual daily life.

Erreurs courantes

Using 'sakutei' for personal vacation plans. → 計画を立てる (keikaku o tateru)
'Sakutei' is for formal organizations, not private individuals.
Confusing 'sakutei' with 'sakusei' when talking about a file. → 報告書を作成する (houkokusho o sakusei suru)
'Sakusei' is for creating documents; 'sakutei' is for the strategy within them.
Using 'sakutei' to mean 'carrying out' a plan. → 実施する (jisshi suru)
'Sakutei' is only the planning phase, not the execution.
Saying 'sakutei' for deciding a physical location. → 決定する (kettei suru)
'Sakutei' is for abstract frameworks, not simple physical choices.
Using 'sakutei' for creating a work of art. → 制作する (seisaku suru)
'Seisaku' is for artistic creation; 'sakutei' is for strategic planning.

Astuces

Professionalism

Using 'sakutei' in a job interview when talking about your planning skills will make you sound very professional and capable.

Corporate Context

Always look for 'sakutei' in a company's Annual Report. It will tell you what their future official plans are.

Suru-Verb Power

Remember that 'sakutei' is a suru-verb. You can use it in the potential form '策定できる' (can formulate) or the passive '策定される' (is formulated).

News Watch

When reading Japanese news, 'sakutei' is a signal that a major policy decision has been reached.

Email Tip

In a business email, use '〜の策定をお願いします' to ask for the formal establishment of a plan.

Kanji Breakdown

Break it down: 策 (Plan) + 定 (Decide). Deciding the Plan = Sakutei.

Formality Check

If you are unsure whether to use 'sakutei' or 'sakusei', ask: 'Am I making the strategy or just the document?' Strategy = Sakutei.

Consensus

Understand that 'sakutei' is the final step after a lot of 'nemawashi' (informal consensus-building).

Presentation Tip

During a presentation, use '現在、策定中です' (currently formulating) to show that the plan is almost ready.

Daily Spotting

Try to spot 'sakutei' in the headlines of the Nikkei (Japan's business newspaper).

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Saku' as 'Soccer' and 'Tei' as 'Team'. To win, the coach must formulate (策定) a formal strategy for the Soccer Team.

Association visuelle

Imagine a group of people in suits standing around a large, official blueprint that has a big red stamp saying 'APPROVED' on it.

Word Web

Policy Strategy Official Management Government Plan Establish Formal

Défi

Try to find the word '策定' on the official website of a Japanese city (like Tokyo or Kyoto). Look for their 'Future Vision' or 'Environmental Policy' pages.

Origine du mot

The word is a Sino-Japanese compound (kango). '策' (saku) originally referred to bamboo slips used for writing strategies or divinations in ancient China. '定' (tei) comes from a character depicting a roof over a stable base, meaning to fix or settle.

Sens originel : To record and fix a strategy on bamboo slips.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

Contexte culturel

None. It is a neutral, professional term.

English speakers might use 'formulate' or 'establish,' but often just say 'make a plan.' 'Sakutei' is more specific to the officialization of the plan.

The 'Medium-Term Management Plan' (中期経営計画の策定) is a standard document for all publicly traded Japanese companies. The 'Basic Act on Disaster Management' (災害対策基本法) involves constant sakutei of local plans. The SDGs (持続可能な開発目標) are often discussed in Japan using this word.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Corporate Strategy

経営計画の策定
売上目標の策定
ブランド戦略の策定
人事評価基準の策定

Government/Public Policy

少子化対策の策定
環境基本計画の策定
都市計画の策定
防災ガイドラインの策定

Project Management

実施計画の策定
リスク管理計画の策定
スケジュール策定
要件定義の策定

Legal/Compliance

社内規定の策定
コンプライアンス指針の策定
倫理規定の策定
情報セキュリティ方針の策定

Education

カリキュラムの策定
教育方針の策定
学校評価基準の策定
研究計画の策定

Amorces de conversation

"「新しい経営戦略の策定について、どう思われますか？」 (What do you think about the formulation of the new management strategy?)"

"「来年度の予算策定は、いつから始まりますか？」 (When will the budget formulation for next year begin?)"

"「このガイドラインは、どのようなプロセスで策定されたのですか？」 (Through what process were these guidelines formulated?)"

"「現在、どのような政策の策定が急務だと考えていますか？」 (What policies do you think are currently urgent to formulate?)"

"「プロジェクトの基本方針を策定する際に、最も重視すべき点は何ですか？」 (What is the most important point to consider when formulating the basic policy of a project?)"

Sujets d'écriture

もしあなたが新しい会社の社長なら、どのような企業理念を策定しますか？ (If you were the president of a new company, what corporate philosophy would you formulate?)

自分の人生における「5カ年計画」を策定してみましょう。 (Try to formulate a 'five-year plan' for your own life.)

地域の環境を守るために、どのようなルールを策定すべきだと思いますか？ (What rules do you think should be formulated to protect the local environment?)

最近のニュースで「策定」という言葉をいつ聞きましたか？その内容を説明してください。 (When did you recently hear the word 'sakutei' in the news? Explain the content.)

策定プロセスにおいて、多様な意見を取り入れることのメリットとデメリットは何ですか？ (What are the pros and cons of incorporating diverse opinions in the formulation process?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

It's better not to. 'Sakutei' sounds very formal and organizational. For personal goals, use '計画を立てる' (keikaku o tateru) or '目標を決める' (mokuhyou o kimeru). Using 'sakutei' for yourself would sound like you are a company or a government.

'Sakutei' (策定) is about the strategy or policy itself. 'Sakusei' (作成) is about creating the physical document or file. For example, you 'sakutei' a management strategy, but you 'sakusei' the PDF file that explains it.

Yes, it is a common word in JLPT N2 and N1, especially in reading comprehension and vocabulary sections dealing with business or social issues.

Yes, it is a noun. You can say '計画の策定' (formulation of a plan). It also becomes a verb by adding 'suru'.

It is neutral. It just means a plan is being made. However, since it's formal, it's usually associated with serious and constructive efforts.

The most common objects are 戦略 (strategy), 政策 (policy), 計画 (plan), 指針 (guidelines), and 基準 (standards).

Yes, 'sakutei' implies the completion of the formulation process. Once it is 'sakutei-ed,' the plan is official.

Yes. 'Seitei' (制定) is used for laws and formal regulations established by a legislative body. 'Sakutei' is broader and used for business strategies and general policies.

Only if it's a formal, large-scale nutritional policy for a school system or hospital. For a restaurant or home menu, use '作成' (sakusei) or '決める' (kimeru).

You can add 'sai' (再) to the front: '再策定' (saisakutei).

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