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B1 noun 9 min de lecture

満月

mangetsu
Exemples 満月 en 30 secondes
Explication 満月 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you just need to know that **満月 (mangetsu)** means 'full moon.' Think of it as a big, round, yellow circle in the sky at night. You can use it in very simple sentences like 'Mangetsu desu' (It is a full moon) or 'Mangetsu wa kirei desu' (The full moon is pretty). The kanji for moon (月) is one of the first ones you learn, so adding 'man' (満) to it is a great way to expand your vocabulary early on. Just remember that it is a noun, and you can point at the sky and say it to your friends. It's a very happy and positive word to use when you are outside at night. Don't worry about the complicated history yet; just focus on the shape and the light!
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At the A2 level, you can start using **満月** with more descriptive words and basic particles. You might say 'Mangetsu o mimasu' (I look at the full moon) or 'Mangetsu no yoru ni sanpo shimashita' (I took a walk on the night of the full moon). You should also learn that in Japan, the full moon is special for festivals. You might hear about 'Otsukimi,' which is moon-viewing. At this level, you can understand that 'man' means 'full' or 'filled,' which helps you remember other words later. Try to notice when the moon is full and practice saying 'Konya wa mangetsu da ne' to yourself. It's a simple way to practice your 'da ne' endings and your vocabulary at the same time.
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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using **満月** in various contexts, including more complex sentence structures. You can describe how the full moon looks using adverbs like 'pikkari' (brightly) or verbs like 'kagayaku' (to shine). You should also be aware of the cultural significance, such as the 'rabbit in the moon' folklore and the traditional autumn festivals. At this level, you can distinguish between 'mangetsu' and other phases like 'mikazuki' (crescent moon). You might also encounter the word in news reports or weather forecasts. You should be able to explain *why* the full moon is significant in Japan, perhaps mentioning that people eat 'dango' while looking at it. Your grammar should allow you to say things like 'Mangetsu ga deru no o matte imasu' (I am waiting for the full moon to come out).
At the B2 level, you can use **満月** to discuss more abstract or technical topics. You might talk about the gravitational pull of the full moon on the tides or the psychological effects people believe it has. You should be familiar with the kanji compound and how it relates to other 'man' words like 'manzoku' (satisfaction) or 'man-in' (full house/crowded). You can use the word in formal writing or presentations about Japanese culture. You should also be able to understand more nuanced literary descriptions where the full moon is used as a metaphor for completion or the end of a journey. At this stage, your vocabulary should include related terms like 'getsumei' (moonlight) and you should be able to handle complex particles and passive/causative forms involving the word.
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At the C1 level, you should have a deep appreciation for the poetic and historical layers of **満月**. You will encounter it in classical literature (though often as 'Mochizuki' or 'Jugoya') and should understand how these terms differ in tone and register. You can discuss the aesthetics of 'mono no aware' (the pathos of things) in relation to the moon's phases. Your ability to use the word should be native-like, allowing you to use it in metaphors or idiomatic expressions. You might analyze how the full moon is portrayed in different eras of Japanese art and literature, from the Heian period to modern-day cinema. You should also be comfortable with the scientific terminology surrounding lunar cycles and be able to explain them in Japanese with high precision.
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At the C2 level, you possess a comprehensive mastery of **満月** and all its associated cultural, historical, and scientific connotations. You can effortlessly navigate between different registers, using 'mangetsu' in daily life and more archaic terms in academic or literary settings. You understand the intricate link between the full moon and the Japanese lunar-solar calendar, including how it influenced ancient courtly life and agricultural practices. You can interpret complex puns, 'kakekotoba' (pivot words), and allusions in classical poetry that center on the full moon. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, and you can engage in deep philosophical or aesthetic debates about the moon's role in the Japanese identity and its representation in various media throughout history.
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Exemples

満月 en 30 secondes

  • Mangetsu means 'full moon' in Japanese, representing the phase where the moon is a complete circle.
  • It is culturally significant, associated with the Otsukimi (moon-viewing) festival and various folklores.
  • The word is a noun composed of the kanji for 'full' (満) and 'moon/month' (月).
  • Commonly used in weather reports, literature, and daily observations of the night sky.

The Japanese word 満月 (まんげつ, mangetsu) refers to the astronomical phenomenon of the full moon. This word is composed of two kanji characters: 満 (man), which carries the meaning of 'full,' 'satisfy,' or 'complete,' and 月 (getsu/tsuki), which means 'moon' or 'month.' Together, they create a literal representation of a moon that has reached its full, circular potential. In Japanese culture, the full moon is not merely a scientific stage of the lunar cycle but a symbol of beauty, harvest, and the cyclical nature of life. You will encounter this word frequently in daily conversation, weather reports, literature, and traditional festivals. While English speakers might just say 'It's a full moon tonight,' Japanese speakers often use mangetsu to evoke a specific sense of seasonal appreciation, particularly during the autumn months when the moon is said to be at its most radiant.

Literal Meaning
Full Moon (Complete Moon).
Cultural Nuance
Associated with 'Otsukimi' (Moon Viewing) and the rabbit in the moon folklore.
Scientific Context
The lunar phase when the moon is 180 degrees from the sun.

今夜はとても綺麗な満月が見えますね。(Konya wa totemo kirei na mangetsu ga miemasu ne.) - We can see a very beautiful full moon tonight, can't we?

Historically, Japan operated on a lunar-solar calendar, meaning the timing of the full moon dictated the timing of months and significant agricultural milestones. Even today, the 15th night of the eighth month of the old lunar calendar is celebrated as Jugoya, where people offer rice dumplings (dango) and pampas grass (susuki) to the 満月. In modern urban settings, you might hear people chatting about the 'Supermoon' (suupaamuun) or checking the lunar phase on their smartphones to plan a night out. The word carries a neutral to slightly poetic register, making it suitable for both casual chats with friends and formal news broadcasts. Unlike some celestial terms that feel purely technical, mangetsu feels warm and familiar to the Japanese ear.

満月の夜には、不思議なことが起こると言われています。(Mangetsu no yoru ni wa, fushigi na koto ga okoru to iwarete imasu.) - It is said that mysterious things happen on the night of a full moon.

When describing the moon, Japanese often pairs mangetsu with specific adjectives like marui (round), kagayaku (shining), or ao-jiroi (pale blue). Because the full moon is perfectly circular, it is also used metaphorically to describe things that are complete or perfectly satisfied, though this usage is less common in everyday speech than the literal astronomical meaning. In the world of anime and manga, mangetsu is a recurring motif for transformation, particularly for characters like werewolves or those with lunar powers, cementing its place in the modern pop-culture lexicon as well.

Using 満月 in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a standard noun. However, the particles you pair it with can change the nuance of your statement. Most commonly, you will see it as the subject of a sentence using the particle が (ga) or は (wa). For example, 'The full moon is out' would be Mangetsu ga dete iru. If you are describing the appearance of the moon, you would use no to link it to other nouns, such as mangetsu no hikari (light of the full moon).

Sentence Structure 1
[Noun] + は/が + 満月 + です (Subject is a full moon).
Sentence Structure 2
満月 + の + [Noun] (Full moon's ...).

次の満月はいつですか？(Tsugi no mangetsu wa itsu desu ka?) - When is the next full moon?

When discussing actions taken during a full moon, the particle に (ni) is used to indicate the time. Mangetsu no yoru ni sanpo suru (To take a walk on the night of a full moon). It is also common to use the verb noboru (to rise) or shizumu (to set) when talking about the moon's movement across the sky. In more formal or literary contexts, you might see the verb michiru (to become full/wax), which describes the process of the moon becoming a mangetsu.

海面に満月が映っていて、とても幻想的です。(Kaimen ni mangetsu ga utsutte ite, totemo gensouteki desu.) - The full moon is reflected on the sea surface, and it is very fantastical.

In conversational Japanese, you might hear people shorten their observations. Instead of a full sentence, someone might simply point at the sky and say, 'Aa, mangetsu da!' (Ah, it's a full moon!). This 'da' or 'desu' ending is the most common way to identify the moon's phase. When writing about the moon in a journal or a story, you can use more descriptive verbs like terasu (to illuminate). For example: Mangetsu ga machi o yasashiku terashite ita (The full moon was gently illuminating the town).

You will hear 満月 in a variety of settings, ranging from the mundane to the highly traditional. One of the most common places is the evening weather forecast on television. Meteorologists in Japan often include a small section about the moon's phase, especially if a mangetsu coincides with a clear sky or a special astronomical event like an eclipse. They might say, 'Konya wa kirei na mangetsu ga mirare-sou desu' (It looks like a beautiful full moon can be seen tonight). This helps people plan for moon-viewing or simply reminds them to look up.

News & Media
Weather reports and astronomical news segments.
Traditional Festivals
Announcements for 'Otsukimi' events at shrines or temples.
Pop Culture
Anime titles, song lyrics, and fantasy novels.

「今夜は満月だから、お月見をしましょう。」(Konya wa mangetsu dakara, otsukimi o shimashou.) - Since it's a full moon tonight, let's do some moon-viewing.

In the realm of traditional culture, shrines and temples often hold special 'Moon Viewing' (Otsukimi) ceremonies. During these events, the word 満月 is used in pamphlets, announcements, and prayers. You might also hear it in the context of classical Japanese music or tea ceremonies held under the light of the moon. This cultural connection makes the word feel more 'special' than just a random night in the month. It carries a sense of seasonal transition and aesthetic appreciation that is deeply rooted in the Japanese psyche.

SNSで「満月」がトレンド入りしています。(SNS de 'mangetsu' ga torendo iri shite imasu.) - 'Full moon' is trending on social media.

Finally, in creative works, 満月 is a staple. From the classic 'Tale of the Bamboo Cutter' (Kaguya-hime returning to the moon) to modern hits like 'Sailor Moon' or 'Naruto,' the full moon is a powerful visual and narrative device. Songwriters frequently use mangetsu to symbolize a heart that is full of love or, conversely, the loneliness of watching the moon alone. If you listen to J-Pop, keep an ear out for this word; it appears in countless ballads and upbeat tracks alike, often paired with themes of night, light, and longing.

While 満月 is a relatively simple noun, English speakers often make mistakes regarding its reading, its kanji, or its specific usage compared to other lunar terms. One common error is confusing the reading of the second kanji. While tsuki is the standalone word for 'moon,' in the compound mangetsu, it is almost always read with the 'on-yomi' (Chinese reading) of getsu. Saying 'man-tsuki' is incorrect and will sound very unnatural to a native speaker.

Mistake 1: Reading
Saying 'Man-tsuki' instead of 'Man-getsu'.
Mistake 2: Kanji Confusion
Confusing '満' (full) with '足' (sufficient) or '全' (whole).
Mistake 3: Context
Using 'Mangetsu' when referring to a calendar month instead of the celestial body.

❌ 昨日の夜は満月（まんつき）でした。
✅ 昨日の夜は満月（まんげつ）でした。

Another frequent mistake involves the distinction between mangetsu and jugoya (the 15th night). While they often refer to the same thing, jugoya specifically refers to the night of the harvest moon festival. If you are talking about the moon's shape on any other month, use mangetsu. Furthermore, learners sometimes use mangetsu to mean 'a full month' (time duration). This is incorrect. For time duration, you should use maru i-kkagetsu (a full one month). Mangetsu is strictly for the round moon in the sky.

❌ 日本に満月住んでいます。(I have lived in Japan for a full moon - Incorrect)
✅ 日本に丸一ヶ月住んでいます。(I have lived in Japan for a full month.)

Lastly, pay attention to the particles. Beginners often try to say 'The moon is full' as Tsuki wa man desu, which is a direct translation but incorrect. You should say Mangetsu desu (It is a full moon) or Tsuki ga michite imasu (The moon is full/waxed). Avoid treating 'man' as a standalone adjective in this context. Use the full compound mangetsu to ensure you are understood correctly.

The Japanese language is rich with words describing the various phases and moods of the moon. Understanding the alternatives to 満月 will help you become more expressive. While mangetsu is the standard term, you might encounter more poetic or specific words depending on the context. For instance, 望月 (mochizuki) is a classic literary term for the full moon, often used in waka poetry. It implies a sense of looking or wishing upon the moon.

三日月 (Mikazuki)
Crescent Moon (literally 'Third-day moon').
新月 (Shingetsu)
New Moon (literally 'New moon').
半月 (Hangetsu)
Half Moon.

満月もいいけれど、私は細い三日月の方が好きです。(Mangetsu mo ii keredo, watashi wa hosoi mikazuki no hou ga suki desu.) - A full moon is nice, but I prefer a slender crescent moon.

Another set of related words involves the specific nights of the lunar cycle. Jugoya (15th night) is the most famous, but there is also Izayoi (16th night), which refers to the moon that is just beginning to wane and appears slightly later than the full moon. This word Izayoi is considered very beautiful and is often used in names and titles. There is also Ama-no-gawa (The Milky Way), which often appears in descriptions alongside the moon in traditional literature.

今夜は新月なので、星がよく見えます。(Konya wa shingetsu na node, hoshi ga yoku miemasu.) - Since it's a new moon tonight, the stars are clearly visible.

In scientific contexts, you might hear Sakubou (朔望), which refers to the syzygy (the alignment of the sun, earth, and moon) covering both new and full moons. However, this is quite technical. For daily life, knowing Mangetsu, Mikazuki, and Hangetsu will cover almost all your needs. If you want to describe a moon that is nearly full, you can use the phrase michi-kaketa tsuki. Understanding these variations allows you to appreciate the subtle beauty that Japanese people find in the ever-changing night sky.

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Exemples par niveau

1

今日は満月です。

Today is a full moon.

Simple [Noun] + desu structure.

2

満月は丸いです。

The full moon is round.

Adjective 'marui' (round) describing the noun.

3

満月が見えます。

I can see the full moon.

Potential-like usage of 'mieru' (to be visible).

4

きれいな満月ですね。

It's a beautiful full moon, isn't it?

Using 'ne' for agreement.

5

満月が好きです。

I like the full moon.

Standard 'ga suki' (like) pattern.

6

あれは満月ですか？

Is that a full moon?

Question form using 'ka'.

7

満月が明るいです。

The full moon is bright.

Adjective 'akarui' (bright).

8

満月を見ましょう！

Let's look at the full moon!

Volitional form 'mashou'.

1

昨日の夜は、大きな満月でした。

Last night, it was a big full moon.

Past tense 'deshita'.

2

満月の夜に、散歩をしました。

I took a walk on the night of the full moon.

Particle 'ni' for time.

3

満月の日は、空が明るいです。

On the day of the full moon, the sky is bright.

Noun modification 'mangetsu no hi'.

4

友達と満月を見ました。

I watched the full moon with my friend.

Particle 'to' (with).

5

満月はとてもきれいに見えました。

The full moon looked very beautiful.

Adverbial form 'kirei ni' + mieru.

6

次の満月はいつか知っていますか？

Do you know when the next full moon is?

Embedded question with 'ka'.

7

満月が出るのを待っています。

I am waiting for the full moon to come out.

Nominalizing the verb with 'no'.

8

満月の光で、道が見えます。

I can see the road by the light of the full moon.

Particle 'de' indicating means/cause.

1

満月になると、海の水位が上がります。

When it becomes a full moon, the sea level rises.

Condition 'naru to' (when it becomes).

2

日本では満月の夜にお月見をする習慣があります。

In Japan, there is a custom of moon-viewing on full moon nights.

Relative clause describing 'shuukan'.

3

雲の間に、時々満月が顔を出します。

The full moon occasionally shows its face between the clouds.

Personification 'kao o dasu'.

4

満月を背景に写真を撮りました。

I took a photo with the full moon in the background.

Using 'o haikei ni' (with ... as background).

5

今夜の満月は、今年一番の大きさだそうです。

I heard that tonight's full moon is the largest of the year.

Reporting hearsay with 'sou desu'.

6

満月が昇ると、辺りは静かになりました。

As the full moon rose, the surroundings became quiet.

Temporal connector 'to'.

7

窓から差し込む満月の光が、部屋を照らしています。

The full moon's light shining through the window illuminates the room.

Complex subject with modifying clause.

8

満月の影響で、今日は少し気分が落ち着きません。

Due to the influence of the full moon, I feel a bit restless today.

Using 'eikyou de' (due to the influence).

1

望遠鏡を使って、満月の表面を観察しました。

I observed the surface of the full moon using a telescope.

Using 'tsukatte' (using) to describe method.

2

満月が山の端から姿を現した瞬間、歓声が上がった。

The moment the full moon appeared from the edge of the mountain, a cheer went up.

Noun 'shunkan' used as a conjunction.

3

満月の周期は約29.5日だと言われています。

It is said that the cycle of the full moon is approximately 29.5 days.

Passive form 'iwarete iru'.

4

湖に映る満月が、まるで鏡のように美しい。

The full moon reflected in the lake is as beautiful as a mirror.

Simile 'marude kagami no you ni'.

5

満月の光に照らされた桜は、昼間とは違う表情を見せる。

Cherry blossoms illuminated by the light of the full moon show a different expression than during the day.

Passive modifier 'terasareta'.

6

彼は満月の夜になると、いつも不思議な話を始める。

Whenever it's a full moon night, he always starts telling mysterious stories.

Habitual 'naru to'.

7

満月が雲に隠れてしまい、お月見ができなくなった。

The full moon became hidden by clouds, and we could no longer do moon-viewing.

Regret form 'te shimau' and negative potential.

8

都会の明るさのせいで、満月が少し霞んで見える。

Because of the city lights, the full moon looks a bit hazy.

Cause 'no sei de' (due to a negative reason).

1

満月が中天に掛かり、万物を銀色に染め上げている。

The full moon hangs in the mid-sky, dyeing all things in silver.

Literary verb 'some-ageru' (to dye completely).

2

古人は満月の欠けゆく様に、人生の無常を感じ取ったのだろう。

Ancient people likely felt the impermanence of life in the way the full moon begins to wane.

Conjecture 'darou' and abstract noun 'sama'.

3

満月を愛でる文化は、平安時代の貴族社会で洗練を極めた。

The culture of appreciating the full moon reached the height of refinement in the aristocratic society of the Heian period.

Verb 'mederu' (to appreciate/admire).

4

満月の輝きが、静まり返った森に幽玄な影を落としている。

The radiance of the full moon casts mysterious shadows in the hushed forest.

Aesthetic term 'yuugen' (mysterious profundity).

5

この物語において、満月は主人公の運命が転換する象徴として描かれている。

In this story, the full moon is depicted as a symbol of the turning point in the protagonist's fate.

Passive 'egakarete iru' (is depicted).

6

満月が煌々と照らす中、祭りの行列は静かに進んでいった。

Amidst the brightly shining full moon, the festival procession moved forward quietly.

Onomatopoeia 'kou-kou to' (brightly).

7

満月の夜の潮の満ち引きは、生命の神秘を感じさせずにはおかない。

The ebb and flow of the tides on a full moon night cannot help but make one feel the mystery of life.

Double negative 'zu ni wa okanai' (cannot help but).

8

都会の喧騒を離れ、満月の下で独り思索に耽る時間は格別だ。

Leaving the hustle and bustle of the city, the time spent alone in contemplation under the full moon is exceptional.

Verb 'fukeru' (to be engrossed in).

1

満月が皓々と夜空を領し、下界の喧騒を嘲笑うかのように静まり返っている。

The full moon brightly commands the night sky, hushed as if mocking the clamor of the world below.

Advanced kanji '皓々と' (dazzlingly white) and metaphor.

2

竹取物語の結末において、満月は現世との永遠の別離を告げる舞台装置として機能する。

In the conclusion of the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, the full moon functions as a stage device announcing the eternal separation from the mundane world.

Literary analysis terminology.

3

満月の円熟した光は、万葉の歌人たちが詠んだ数多の情景を現代に蘇らせる。

The mature light of the full moon brings back to life in the present day the numerous scenes composed by the poets of the Manyoshu.

Highly formal 'su-ta' (many) and 'yomida' (composed).

4

月の満ち欠け、とりわけ満月への執着は、日本人の美意識の根幹に関わっていると言っても過言ではない。

It is no exaggeration to say that the obsession with the phases of the moon, especially the full moon, is linked to the very core of the Japanese sense of aesthetics.

Idiom 'itte mo kagon de wa nai' (no exaggeration to say).

5

満月が放つ冷徹なまでの光輝は、時に見る者の深層心理を暴き出すかのような鋭さを持つ。

The almost cold brilliance emitted by the full moon sometimes possesses a sharpness that seems to expose the deep psychology of the viewer.

Abstract psychological description.

6

望月の欠けたることもなしと思へば―藤原道長の栄華を象徴するこの歌は、満月を権力の頂点に見立てたものである。

Thinking that this full moon is like my power, lacking nothing—this poem symbolizing Fujiwara no Michinaga's prosperity likens the full moon to the pinnacle of power.

Classical Japanese 'kobun' citation.

7

満月の夜、銀砂が敷き詰められたかのような枯山水の庭園は、此の世ならぬ美しさを湛えている。

On the night of a full moon, a dry landscape garden that looks as if it were covered in silver sand is filled with an otherworldly beauty.

Verb 'tataeru' (to be filled with/wear an expression).

8

天体観測の域を超え、満月は日本文学における永遠のトポスとして、作家たちの想像力を刺激し続けて止まない。

Transcending the realm of astronomical observation, the full moon, as an eternal topos in Japanese literature, never ceases to stimulate the imagination of writers.

Formal 'shigeki shi tsuzukete yamanai' (never ceases to stimulate).

Collocations courantes

満月が昇る
満月が沈む
綺麗な満月
満月の夜
満月の光
満月を眺める
次の満月
満月の周期
満月が欠ける
満月のお供え

Phrases Courantes

今夜は満月だ

— Simply stating that tonight is a full moon. Very common observation.

あ、今夜は満月だね。

満月の日を調べる

— To look up the date of the full moon. Often done for photography or festivals.

カレンダーで満月の日を調べる。

満月のような顔

— A metaphor for a round, cheerful, or radiant face. Usually positive.

彼女は満月のような明るい顔をしている。

満月に祈る

— To make a wish or pray to the full moon.

満月に健康を祈る。

満月が照らす道

— A path illuminated by the full moon. Often used in stories.

満月が照らす道を一人で歩く。

満月と星空

— The full moon and the starry sky. A common scenic description.

満月と星空がとても美しい夜だ。

満月の影響を受ける

— To be influenced by the full moon (tides, mood, etc.).

潮の流れは満月の影響を受ける。

満月をバックに

— With the full moon in the background (usually for photos).

満月をバックにポーズをとる。

満月の光を浴
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