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B1 noun #8,500 le plus courant 10 min de lecture

～LDK

Top 8,500

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces ～LDK en 30 secondes

Explication ～LDK in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know that 'LDK' is a word used for houses and apartments. You will see it on signs outside real estate shops. Just remember: the number tells you how many bedrooms there are. '1LDK' means one bedroom. '2LDK' means two bedrooms. You can use it simply like 'My house is a 1LDK.' Don't worry about the legal sizes yet. Just think of it as a label for the size of a home.

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At the A2 level, you should be able to use '～LDK' to describe where you live or what kind of home you want. You can use basic adjectives like 'hiroi' (spacious) or 'semai' (cramped) with it. For example, '2LDK no uchi wa hiroi desu' (The 2LDK house is spacious). You should also recognize the difference between '1K' (small) and '1LDK' (bigger). You might use this when talking to friends about your new apartment or looking at simple housing flyers.

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At the B1 level, you should understand the functional differences between layouts. You can explain why you prefer a 2LDK over a 2DK (e.g., 'I want a separate living room to relax in'). You should be comfortable using the particle 'no' to modify nouns, like '3LDK no manshon'. You also start to understand that the 'LDK' is the central part of a modern Japanese home where families spend time together. You can participate in a conversation with a real estate agent using these terms.

At the B2 level, you understand the nuances of the LDK system, including the 'Service Room' (S) and how it differs from a bedroom. You can discuss the pros and cons of different layouts for various lifestyles (e.g., 'A 1LDK is better for a working professional than a 1DK because of the work-from-home space'). You are aware of the 'jo' (tatami mat) measurement system used to define an LDK. You can read and understand detailed property descriptions and rental contracts that use these abbreviations.

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At the C1 level, you can discuss the social and historical implications of the LDK layout in Japan. You might talk about how the 'LDK' model replaced traditional Japanese housing and how it reflects changing family structures (from extended families to nuclear families). You can use the term in professional contexts, such as architecture, urban planning, or sociology. You understand the specific legal requirements set by the Fair Trade Commission regarding the minimum size of an LDK.

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At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of the term and its place in Japanese culture. You can analyze the evolution of the LDK from its post-war origins to modern 'smart homes'. You can discuss how the LDK layout influences Japanese interpersonal communication and the concept of 'u-chi' (inside) vs 'soto' (outside). You can read architectural critiques or academic papers about the 'nLDK' housing standard and its impact on Japanese urban density and lifestyle trends over the last 70 years.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

～LDK en 30 secondes

LDK stands for Living, Dining, and Kitchen in a combined open-plan area.
The preceding number indicates the number of separate bedrooms in the house.
It is the most common way to describe modern Japanese apartment layouts.
A 1LDK is a one-bedroom apartment with a spacious living/kitchen area.

The term ～LDK is an ubiquitous acronym in the Japanese real estate world and everyday conversation regarding housing. It stands for Living, Dining, and Kitchen. In Japan, apartment and house layouts are categorized by a number followed by these letters. The number represents the count of separate bedrooms, while the letters indicate the presence of a combined living, dining, and kitchen area. For instance, a 2LDK consists of two private bedrooms plus one large open-plan space that serves as the living room, dining area, and kitchen. This system was standardized to provide a clear, albeit sometimes rigid, understanding of floor plans across the country.

L (Living): Refers to the space intended for relaxation, typically where a sofa and television would be placed. In an LDK layout, this area is contiguous with the dining and kitchen spaces.
D (Dining): The area designated for a dining table and chairs. In modern Japanese architecture, the 'D' and 'L' often blur together into one large multipurpose room.
K (Kitchen): The culinary workspace. In an LDK, this is usually an 'open kitchen' (taimen-kitchen) or a wall-side kitchenette that opens directly into the dining area.

The evolution of the LDK layout marks a significant shift in Japanese lifestyle. Historically, Japanese homes featured multi-purpose rooms separated by sliding doors (fusuma). The introduction of the 'DK' (Dining-Kitchen) in the 1950s by the Japan Housing Corporation aimed to modernize domestic life by separating the sleeping area from the eating area. Eventually, as economic prosperity grew, the 'L' (Living) was added to signify a space dedicated purely to leisure, moving away from the 'one-room-fits-all' philosophy of the past.

「新婚生活のために、都心で2LDKのマンションを探しています。」
(We are looking for a 2LDK apartment in the city center for our newlywed life.)

You will encounter this term most frequently when browsing real estate websites like Suumo or Homes, or when visiting a 'Fudousan-ya' (real estate agent). It is also a common topic of small talk when discussing one's living situation or moving plans. Understanding the nuances—such as the minimum square footage required by law to label a room as an 'LDK' versus just a 'DK'—is essential for anyone living in Japan. For example, for a one-bedroom apartment to be called a 1LDK, the LDK area usually needs to be at least 8 'jo' (tatami mats) in size, which is roughly 13 square meters.

「この3LDKは、家族4人で住むのにちょうどいい広さですね。」
(This 3LDK is just the right size for a family of four to live in.)

Culturally, the LDK represents the 'Westernization' of the Japanese home. While many LDK apartments still feature one 'Washitsu' (Japanese-style room with tatami mats), the central LDK area is almost always 'Youshitsu' (Western-style with flooring). This layout encourages family members to congregate in a central hub, reflecting a shift from traditional patriarchal family structures toward more interactive, modern family dynamics.

Using ～LDK in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a noun, but there are specific grammatical patterns you should master to sound natural. It is almost always preceded by a number (1, 2, 3, etc.) which acts as a counter for the bedrooms. You don't need a counter like 'shitsu' or 'heya' when saying '2LDK'; the term itself encompasses the entire layout description.

Identifying Layouts: To state what kind of apartment you have: [Number]LDK + です/だ.
Example: 「私の家は1LDKです。」 (My house is a 1LDK.)
Modifying Nouns: To describe a specific property: [Number]LDK + の + [Noun].
Example: 「2LDKのマンション」 (A 2LDK apartment.)

When discussing the size or 'feel' of an LDK, Japanese speakers often use adjectives like 'hiroi' (spacious) or 'semai' (cramped). Even though 'LDK' implies three functions, it is treated as a single cohesive unit. If you want to say the living room part specifically is small, you would say 'LDK no ribingu ga semai,' but usually, people just judge the LDK as a whole.

「一人暮らしなら、1LDKあれば十分贅沢ですよ。」
(If you're living alone, having a 1LDK is quite a luxury.)

In more advanced contexts, you might hear the term 'S' added, as in 3LDK+S. The 'S' stands for 'Service Room'—a room that doesn't meet the legal requirements (usually light or ventilation) to be called a 'bedroom' but can be used for storage or a small office. This is a common point of confusion for learners, so being able to use it correctly shows high proficiency.

Another common usage is in the context of 'searching' (sagasu). When you go to a real estate agent, the first question is usually 「ご希望の間取りは？」 (What is your desired layout?). You would respond with 「2LDKで探しています」 (I am looking for a 2LDK). Note the use of the particle 'de' to indicate the criteria of the search.

「最近のLDKは、キッチンからリビングが見渡せるタイプが人気です。」
(Recent LDKs where you can look over the living room from the kitchen are popular.)

Finally, pay attention to the distinction between LDK and DK. A '1DK' has a much smaller eating/kitchen area (usually 4.5 to 8 mats), whereas a '1LDK' must be larger than 8 mats. Using these terms accurately helps convey the exact scale of the home you are describing.

You will hear ～LDK everywhere from the casual chatter of friends to the professional jargon of architects. Its primary 'habitat' is the real estate industry. If you walk down any Japanese street, you'll see 'Fudousan' (real estate) shop windows plastered with 'madorizu' (floor plans) labeled with 1K, 2DK, or 3LDK. These signs are the visual pulse of the Japanese housing market.

Real Estate Agencies: Agents use it as the standard unit of measurement for property value. 'A 3LDK in Minato-ku' carries a very specific social and financial weight.
Lifestyle Television: Shows about home renovations (like 'Before After') or celebrity home tours constantly reference the LDK layout as the 'heart' of the home.

In social settings, the term comes up whenever people talk about life stages. For example, a young couple might say, 「子供が生まれたから、今の1LDKじゃ狭いよね」 (Since the baby was born, our current 1LDK is too small, isn't it?). Here, LDK serves as a benchmark for life milestones. Moving from a 1K (one room with a tiny kitchen) to a 1LDK is often seen as a sign of 'making it' or reaching adulthood.

「チラシに載っていたあの4LDKの家、庭も付いてるみたいだよ。」
(That 4LDK house in the flyer seems to have a garden too.)

Online, on platforms like Twitter or Instagram, people use the hashtag #LDK to share interior design tips. Because the LDK is an open space, decorating it is a popular hobby. You'll see posts like 「LDKの模様替えをしました」 (I rearranged my LDK). It has become a lifestyle term, not just a technical one. It represents the modern Japanese ideal of a bright, airy, and socially connected living space.

Furthermore, in office environments, architects and developers use 'LDK' to discuss urban density and housing trends. They might analyze how the 'LDK' size has fluctuated over decades in response to land prices in Tokyo versus rural areas. For a Japanese person, 'LDK' isn't just an abbreviation; it's a mental map of their daily life—where they cook, where they eat, and where they relax with their family.

「最近は、LDKを広くするために和室をなくすリフォームが多いですね。」
(Lately, there are many renovations that remove the Japanese-style room to make the LDK larger.)

For English speakers, the most common mistake is misinterpreting what the number stands for. In the West, we often talk about '2-bedroom apartments' or '3-bedroom houses.' In Japan, the '2' in 2LDK means exactly two private rooms in addition to the LDK area. A common error is thinking a 1LDK has two rooms (one bedroom and one living room). While technically true, the living room is part of the 'LDK' unit, so it's only called a '1'LDK.

The 'Bathroom' Fallacy: Many learners assume 'LDK' covers everything. It does NOT include the bathroom (furo/basu) or the toilet (toire). These are always assumed to be separate in modern LDK layouts unless specified as a 'Unit Bath' (UB).
Confusing LDK with DK: Mistaking a 'DK' for an 'LDK' can lead to disappointment. A DK is usually much smaller. If you try to fit a sofa and a dining table into a 'DK,' you will likely run out of space.

Another mistake is the pronunciation. While it looks like an English acronym, it should be pronounced with Japanese phonetics: eru-dii-kee. Using the English 'L-D-K' with a heavy Western accent might sometimes confuse people in a fast-paced conversation, though most will understand.

❌ 「このアパートはLDK2です。」
✅ 「このアパートは2LDKです。」
(The number must always come first.)

Lastly, beginners often forget that 'LDK' is a noun and try to use it as an adjective without the particle 'no'. You cannot say '2LDK manshon' (2LDK apartment) without the 'no'. It must be '2LDK-no manshon'. This is a fundamental rule of Japanese noun-noun modification that applies to all layout terms.

❌ 「3LDK家を探しています。」
✅ 「3LDKの家を探しています。」
(I'm looking for a 3LDK house.)

Understanding ～LDK requires knowing its siblings in the Japanese housing vocabulary. The 'madori' (layout) system is a spectrum of size and function. Depending on your budget and lifestyle, you might find yourself choosing between an LDK and one of the following alternatives.

1R (One Room / Studio): The kitchen is in the same room as the living/sleeping area. There is no wall separating the stove from your bed. This is the most basic and cheapest option.
1K (One Room + Kitchen): Similar to 1R, but there is a wall and a door separating the kitchen from the main room. The kitchen area is usually very narrow (a hallway kitchen).
1DK (One Room + Dining Kitchen): The kitchen area is large enough to fit a small dining table (usually 4.5 to 8 mats). It's a step up from 1K but smaller than 1LDK.

When comparing LDK to DK, the main difference is the 'L' (Living). In a 2DK, you have two bedrooms and a kitchen/dining space. People often use one of the bedrooms as a living room, effectively making it a 1LDK. However, a 'true' 2LDK has two bedrooms plus a dedicated living room area. This distinction is vital for families who need both private rooms and communal space.

「1LDKと2DK、どっちが使いやすいかな？」
(Which is easier to use, a 1LDK or a 2DK?)

In high-end real estate, you might see 'SLDK' or 'LDK+S'. The 'S' (Service Room) is often used as a 'Den' or 'Walk-in Closet'. While it functions like a room, it lacks the legal window-to-floor-area ratio required for a bedroom. For a savvy renter, an 'LDK+S' can be a great deal because it offers extra space at a lower price point than a layout with an additional official bedroom.

「この物件は3LDKですが、実質的には4部屋あります。」
(This property is a 3LDK, but it effectively has four rooms.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The concept started with 'DK' (Dining Kitchen) in the 1950s to save space. The 'L' (Living) was added later as Japanese homes became larger and more Westernized.

Guide de prononciation

UK /ˌel diː ˈkeɪ/

US /ˌel di ˈkeɪ/

Primary stress is usually on the final letter 'K'.

Rime avec

OK Day Stay Play Array Display Convey Survey

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing it as a single word 'Lidk' (incorrect).
Forgetting to pronounce the 'L' clearly.
Mixing up the order (e.g., KDL).
In Japanese, failing to use the elongated 'ii' sound for 'D' (Dii).
In Japanese, failing to use the 'ee' sound for 'K' (Kee).

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Very easy to read as it uses English letters.

Écriture 2/5

Simple to write, just remember the order of numbers and letters.

Expression orale 3/5

Requires Japanese pronunciation of English letters (Eru-Dii-Kee).

Écoute 3/5

Can be missed in fast speech if you aren't listening for the letters.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

部屋 (Heya) 家 (Ie) キッチン (Kitchin) マンション (Manshon) 数 (Kazu)

Apprends ensuite

畳 (Jou) 平米 (Heibei) 敷金 (Shikikin) 礼金 (Reikin) 築年数 (Chikunensuu)

Avancé

建蔽率 (Kenpeiritsu) 容積率 (Yousekiritsu) 専有面積 (Senyuu Menseki) 重要事項説明 (Juuyou Jikou Setsumei)

Grammaire à connaître

Noun + No + Noun

2LDKのマンション (A 2LDK apartment)

Counters for rooms (Jou)

LDKは12畳です (The LDK is 12 mats large)

Desire form (~tai)

3LDKに住みたいです (I want to live in a 3LDK)

Reasoning (~node)

狭いので、LDKをリフォームします (Since it's cramped, I will renovate the LDK)

Comparison (~yori)

1DKより1LDKの方が広いです (A 1LDK is wider than a 1DK)

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Exemples par niveau

ここは1LDKです。

This is a 1LDK.

Simple noun + desu structure.

私の家は2LDKです。

My house is a 2LDK.

Using 'wa' to identify the subject's home type.

3LDKの家が好きです。

I like 3LDK houses.

Noun + no + Noun structure.

これはLDKですか？

Is this an LDK?

Asking a question with 'ka'.

きれいな1LDKですね。

It's a beautiful 1LDK, isn't it?

Adjective + Noun structure.

2LDKは広いです。

A 2LDK is spacious.

Describing the layout with an adjective.

1LDKを探しています。

I am looking for a 1LDK.

Using the 'te-imasu' form for searching.

アパートは3LDKです。

The apartment is a 3LDK.

Identifying the property type.

2LDKのマンションに住んでいます。

I live in a 2LDK apartment.

Using 'ni sunde imasu' for residence.

1LDKは一人暮らしにいいです。

A 1LDK is good for living alone.

Using 'ni ii' for suitability.

この2LDKは家賃が高いです。

The rent for this 2LDK is expensive.

Describing a specific property's cost.

新しい3LDKを見に行きます。

I am going to see a new 3LDK.

Using 'ni ikimasu' for purpose of movement.

1LDKより2LDKの方が広いです。

A 2LDK is wider than a 1LDK.

Using the 'yori... no hou ga' comparison pattern.

2LDKのアパートを借りたいです。

I want to rent a 2LDK apartment.

Using 'tai' for desire.

このLDKはとても明るいですね。

This LDK is very bright, isn't it?

Adverb 'totemo' modifying an adjective.

駅の近くに3LDKがありますか？

Is there a 3LDK near the station?

Using 'ga arimasu ka' for existence.

家族が増えたので、3LDKに引っ越しました。

Since my family grew, we moved to a 3LDK.

Using 'node' to explain a reason.

2LDKなら、一部屋を仕事部屋にできます。

If it's a 2LDK, I can use one room as an office.

Using 'nara' for conditional context.

1LDKの物件をいくつか紹介してください。

Please show me a few 1LDK properties.

Using 'shoukai shite kudasai' for a request.

このLDKは対面キッチンになっています。

This LDK has an open-plan kitchen.

Using 'ni natte imasu' to describe a state.

2LDKは二人で住むのにちょうどいい広さです。

A 2LDK is just the right size for two people to live in.

Using 'no ni' to indicate purpose/suitability.

築10年の3LDKをリフォームしました。

I renovated a 10-year-old 3LDK.

Using 'chiku' for the age of a building.

1LDKにしては、この部屋はかなり広いです。

For a 1LDK, this room is quite spacious.

Using 'ni shite wa' to express contrast with expectations.

LDKの家具を新しく買い替えたいです。

I want to replace the furniture in the LDK.

Using 'kaikaetai' for replacement.

この3LDKには納戸（サービスルーム）が付いています。

This 3LDK comes with a storage room (service room).

Identifying additional features like 'S'.

LDKの広さが10畳以上ある物件を探しています。

I'm looking for a property where the LDK is 10 mats or larger.

Using 'ijou' for 'more than'.

最近はLDKを重視する人が増えています。

Lately, the number of people who prioritize the LDK is increasing.

Using 'juushi suru' (to prioritize).

都心で2LDKを買うのは、かなり勇気がいります。

Buying a 2LDK in the city center takes a lot of courage.

Using 'yuuki ga iru' (requires courage).

1LDKの間取り図を詳しく見てみましょう。

Let's take a detailed look at the 1LDK floor plan.

Using 'te mimashou' for 'let's try to'.

このマンションは全室3LDKのファミリー向けです。

This condominium is for families, with all units being 3LDK.

Using 'muke' for 'intended for'.

LDKが南向きなので、日当たりが非常に良いです。

Since the LDK faces south, it gets excellent sunlight.

Using 'minamimuki' for 'south-facing'.

2LDKから3LDKへ住み替える計画を立てています。

I'm making a plan to move from a 2LDK to a 3LDK.

Using 'sumikaeru' (to change residence).

LDKという概念は、日本の住文化を大きく変えました。

The concept of LDK significantly changed Japanese housing culture.

Using 'gainen' (concept) and 'sumibunka' (housing culture).

都市部では、LDKの面積を削って部屋数を確保する傾向があります。

In urban areas, there is a tendency to reduce LDK area to secure more rooms.

Using 'kezuru' (to cut/reduce) and 'keikou' (tendency).

この物件は、広々としたLDKが最大のセールスポイントです。

The spacious LDK is the biggest selling point of this property.

Using 'sales point' as a loanword.

LDKの配置によって、家族のコミュニケーションが変わります。

Family communication changes depending on the layout of the LDK.

Using 'ni yotte' (depending on).

バブル期には、豪華なLDKを備えた億ションが次々と建てられました。

During the bubble era, 'okushon' (luxury condos) with lavish LDKs were built one after another.

Using 'sonaeru' (to be equipped with).

1LDKという表記であっても、実際にはDKに近い広さのものもあります。

Even if labeled as a 1LDK, some are actually closer to a DK in size.

Using 'hyouki' (notation/labeling).

LDKのオープン化は、家事の分担を促進する一因となりました。

The opening up of the LDK became a factor in promoting the sharing of housework.

Using 'sokusin' (promotion) and 'ichiin' (a cause/factor).

将来的に、LDKの在り方はさらに多様化していくでしょう。

In the future, the nature of the LDK will likely diversify further.

Using 'arikata' (the way something is).

nLDKという画一的な間取りが、戦後の日本の家族像を規定してきました。

The standardized nLDK layout has defined the image of the Japanese family in the post-war era.

Using 'kakuitsuteki' (standardized/uniform) and 'kitei' (definition/regulation).

現代のLDKは、単なる居住空間を超え、多機能なハブへと進化しています。

Modern LDKs have evolved beyond mere living spaces into multi-functional hubs.

Using 'kyojuukuukan' (living space) and 'hub'.

建築家は、LDKにおける「公」と「私」の境界をどう再構築するかに腐心しています。

Architects are struggling with how to reconstruct the boundaries between 'public' and 'private' within the LDK.

Using 'kou' (public), 'shi' (private), and 'fushin suru' (to take great pains).

LDKの広さは、不動産市場における資産価値を決定づける重要な指標です。

The size of the LDK is a crucial index that determines asset value in the real estate market.

Using 'shihyou' (index/indicator).

ミニマリズムの台頭により、広大なLDKよりも機能的な1LDKを好む層が現れています。

With the rise of minimalism, a demographic preferring functional 1LDKs over vast LDKs has emerged.

Using 'taitou' (rise/emergence) and 'sou' (demographic/layer).

LDKの導入は、伝統的な「茶の間」文化の衰退と密接に関連しています。

The introduction of the LDK is closely related to the decline of traditional 'chanoma' (living room) culture.

Using 'suitai' (decline) and 'missetsu ni' (closely).

コロナ禍を経て、LDKにはワークスペースとしての機能も強く求められるようになりました。

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, LDKs are now strongly required to function as workspaces as well.

Using 'he-te' (through/passing through).

LDKの変遷を辿ることは、日本の近代化のプロセスを検証することと同義です。

Tracing the transition of the LDK is synonymous with examining the process of Japan's modernization.

Using 'hensen' (transition) and 'dougi' (synonym/same meaning).

Collocations courantes

2LDKのマンション

広々としたLDK

LDKのインテリア

1LDKの一人暮らし

3LDKの分譲物件

LDKをリフォームする

対面キッチンのLDK

LDKの照明

2LDKの賃貸アパート

LDKの畳数

Phrases Courantes

間取りはLDKですか？

— Is the layout an LDK? Used when checking if a kitchen area is large enough to be a living space.

「この物件、間取りはLDKですか？」「はい、10畳あります。」

憧れの3LDK

— The 3LDK of one's dreams. Often refers to the ideal family home.

いつかは憧れの3LDKを都心に買いたい。

LDK一体型

— LDK integrated type. Emphasizes that the three spaces are one large room.

LDK一体型のデザインで、開放感があります。

一人で2LDK

— Living in a 2LDK alone. Implies having a lot of extra space.

一人で2LDKに住むのは、少し贅沢かもしれません。

LDKの中心

— The center of the LDK. Often used to describe where the family gathers.

大きなダイニングテーブルがLDKの中心です。

狭いLDK

— A cramped LDK. A common complaint in urban apartments.

狭いLDKをどうやって広く見せるか悩んでいます。

LDKからの眺め

— The view from the LDK. A key selling point for high-rise condos.

このマンションはLDKからの眺めが最高です。

LDKの使い勝手

— The usability/convenience of the LDK.

キッチンの動線が良く、LDKの使い勝手がいい。

2LDKで十分

— A 2LDK is enough. Used when deciding on a house size.

子供が一人なら、2LDKで十分でしょう。

LDKの床材

— The flooring material of the LDK.

LDKの床材には無垢材を使いたい。

Souvent confondu avec

～LDK vs DK

DK is smaller. LDK must have a living area, whereas DK is just for dining and kitchen.

～LDK vs 1K

1K is a single room with a tiny kitchen hallway. LDK is much larger.

～LDK vs Studio

In English, 'studio' is like '1R' or '1K'. 1LDK is more like a 'one-bedroom apartment'.

Expressions idiomatiques

"LDKの主"

— The master of the LDK. Usually refers to the person who spends the most time there, often the person cooking.

母はいつもキッチンにいて、まさにLDKの主だ。

Informal

"LDKに引きこもる"

— To stay shut in the LDK. Usually humorous, meaning someone is just lounging in the main room all day.

休日はずっとLDKに引きこもって映画を見ている。

Slang/Casual

"LDKが顔"

— The LDK is the 'face' (representative part) of the house.

家の印象はLDKで決まる。まさにLDKが顔だ。

Neutral

"LDKの壁を壊す"

— To break down the walls of the LDK. Often used in renovation to mean making it open-plan.

リフォームでLDKの壁を壊して、一つの空間にした。

Neutral

"LDKを彩る"

— To color/decorate the LDK. Often used in interior design magazines.

素敵な観葉植物がLDKを彩っている。

Literary

"LDKに集う"

— To gather in the LDK. Emphasizes family unity.

夕食の時間は、家族全員がLDKに集う。

Neutral

"LDKを支配する"

— To dominate the LDK. Often used when one piece of furniture (like a giant sofa) takes up all the space.

この巨大なソファがLDKを支配しているね。

Humorous

"LDKの魔術師"

— The magician of the LDK. Someone who is very good at organizing or decorating small spaces.

彼女は狭いLDKをオシャレに変える魔術師だ。

Informal

"LDKが戦場"

— The LDK is a battlefield. Used by parents to describe the chaos of kids playing and eating.

朝のLDKは、準備をする家族で戦場のようだ。

Informal

"LDKの風通し"

— The ventilation of the LDK. Can also metaphorically mean the 'atmosphere' of the family.

窓が多くてLDKの風通しがいい家だ。

Neutral

Facile à confondre

～LDK vs LDK vs DK

Both involve a kitchen and dining area.

An LDK must be larger than 8 tatami mats for a 1-bedroom place, or 10 mats for a 2+ bedroom place. DK is smaller.

1DK is for eating; 1LDK is for eating and relaxing on a sofa.

～LDK vs 1LDK vs 2DK

They both have two rooms total plus a kitchen.

1LDK has one bedroom and a large living area. 2DK has two bedrooms and a small kitchen area.

Couples often choose 1LDK for shared space, but 2DK if they want separate bedrooms.

～LDK vs Manshon vs Apaato

Both can be 2LDK.

Manshon (condo) is usually steel/concrete; Apaato is usually wood/light steel. LDKs in Manshons are often larger.

A 2LDK manshon is usually more expensive than a 2LDK apaato.

～LDK vs Washitsu vs Youshitsu

Rooms in an LDK can be either.

Washitsu has tatami; Youshitsu has flooring. Most LDK areas are Youshitsu.

This 3LDK has two Youshitsu and one Washitsu.

～LDK vs Jou vs Heibei

Both measure LDK size.

Jou is tatami mats (~1.65 sqm); Heibei is square meters.

This LDK is 10-jou, which is about 16-heibei.

Structures de phrases

[Number]LDK です。

1LDKです。

[Number]LDK の [Noun] です。

2LDKのマンションです。

[Number]LDK を探しています。

3LDKを探しています。

[Number]LDK に引っ越します。

2LDKに引っ越します。

LDK が [Adjective] 物件。

LDKが広い物件。

LDK は [Number] 畳あります。

LDKは10畳あります。

LDK という表記ですが、[Contrast]。

LDKという表記ですが、実際は狭いです。

LDK の在り方が [Change]。

LDKの在り方が多様化しています。

Famille de mots

Noms

間取り (Madori - Layout)

リビング (Ribingu - Living room)

ダイニング (Dainingu - Dining room)

キッチン (Kitchin - Kitchen)

Verbes

住む (Sumu - To live)

借りる (Kariru - To rent)

建てる (Tateru - To build)

リフォームする (Rifoomu suru - To renovate)

Adjectifs

広い (Hiroi - Spacious)

狭い (Semai - Cramped)

明るい (Akarui - Bright)

使いやすい (Tsukaiyasui - Easy to use)

Apparenté

2DK

不動産

敷金

礼金

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Extremely high in real estate and housing-related topics.

Erreurs courantes

Saying 'LDK2' instead of '2LDK'. → 2LDK
The number of bedrooms always comes before the LDK acronym.
Thinking a 1LDK has two separate bedrooms. → 1LDK has one bedroom.
The '1' refers only to the private bedrooms, not the living room.
Pronouncing it 'Lidk'. → Eru-Dii-Kee
It must be pronounced as individual letters in Japanese phonetics.
Using '2LDK manshon' without the particle 'no'. → 2LDK no manshon
Nouns modifying other nouns require the 'no' particle.
Assuming LDK includes the toilet area. → The toilet is separate.
LDK only refers to the living, dining, and kitchen space.

Astuces

Remember the Number

The number before LDK is the bedroom count. Don't count the living room as a room in that number!

Check the Mats

Always check the 'jou' (mats) count for the LDK. A 1LDK in Tokyo might have a much smaller LDK than one in Osaka.

Use 'No'

When describing a house, always use the particle 'no': '2LDK no manshon'.

Listen for 'Esu'

If you hear 'Esu' at the end (LDK+S), it means there is a bonus storage room!

LDK vs DK

If you want a sofa, look for an LDK. If you only need a table, a DK might save you money.

Interior Design

Search #LDK on Instagram for great Japanese interior design ideas for open-plan spaces.

Japanese Letters

Say 'Eru-Dii-Kee' with Japanese vowels to be understood more easily by locals.

Walk-throughs

When viewing a 2LDK, check if the two bedrooms are 'independent' or if you have to walk through one to get to the other.

Size Standards

Be aware that real estate laws define how big a room must be to be called an 'L' vs a 'D'.

Leveling Up

Moving from a 1K to a 1LDK is a major life milestone for many young professionals in Japan.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

L-D-K: Love Drinking (in the) Kitchen. Just remember the three main things you do in a house: Live, Dine, and Kitchen-work!

Association visuelle

Imagine a large open room. On the left is a sofa (L), in the middle is a table (D), and on the right is a stove (K).

Word Web

Apartment Rent Bedroom Living Dining Kitchen Floor plan Real Estate

Défi

Go to a Japanese real estate site like Suumo.jp and try to find three different 2LDK apartments. Compare their sizes in 'mats' (畳).

Origine du mot

The term is a Japanese-made English acronym (Wasei-Eigo). It was created by combining the English words Living, Dining, and Kitchen to describe modern housing layouts.

Sens originel : A combined space for living, eating, and cooking.

English-derived Japanese (Wasei-Eigo).

Contexte culturel

Be aware that 'LDK' sizes vary wildly. A '1LDK' in the countryside is massive, while one in Tokyo can be tiny. Don't assume size based on the letters alone.

In English-speaking countries, we usually just say '2-bedroom apartment'. The 'LDK' part is assumed and doesn't need to be stated.

The manga/movie 'L-DK' (Living Together), which plays on this term. Real estate sites like Suumo and Homes. TV show 'Watanabe Atsushi no Tatemono Tanbou' (Atsushi Watanabe's Building Visit).

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

House Hunting

間取りは何ですか？
2LDKで探しています。
LDKは何畳ありますか？
日当たりの良いLDKがいいです。

Talking to Friends

最近、1LDKに引っ越したんだ。
一人暮らしなら1LDKで十分だよ。
友達の家、3LDKですごく広かった！
LDKの模様替えをしたよ。

Reading Advertisements

新築3LDK、駅徒歩5分。
広々LDKが魅力の物件。
リノベーション済み1LDK。
家族向け4LDK、庭付き。

Renovation/Interior Design

LDKをカフェ風にしたい。
和室をなくしてLDKを広げる。
LDKの照明にこだわりたい。
使い勝手の良いLDK。

Social Media

#LDKインテリア
#1LDK暮らし
LDKの掃除が終わりました！
自慢のLDKを公開します。

Amorces de conversation

"今住んでいる家の間取りは、何LDKですか？ (What is the LDK layout of the house you live in now?)"

"一人暮らしをするなら、1Kと1LDKのどちらがいいですか？ (If you live alone, do you prefer a 1K or a 1LDK?)"

"LDKの中で、一番お気に入りの場所はどこですか？ (Where is your favorite place in the LDK?)"

"将来、どんな間取りの家に住みたいですか？ (What kind of layout would you like to live in in the future?)"

"日本のLDKは、あなたの国の家と比べてどう違いますか？ (How is a Japanese LDK different from a house in your country?)"

Sujets d'écriture

理想の1LDKについて詳しく書いてください。 (Write in detail about your ideal 1LDK.)

今の家のLDKの良い点と悪い点をリストアップしましょう。 (List the good and bad points of your current LDK.)

「LDK」という言葉を初めて聞いた時の印象を書いてください。 (Write about your impression when you first heard the word 'LDK'.)

もし3LDKの家に住むなら、余った部屋を何に使いますか？ (If you lived in a 3LDK, what would you use the extra rooms for?)

日本の住宅事情について、LDKという言葉を使って説明してください。 (Explain Japanese housing conditions using the word 'LDK'.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

LDK stands for Living, Dining, and Kitchen. It refers to an open-plan room that combines these three functions into one large space. In Japan, this is the standard for modern apartments and houses.

The number indicates the number of separate bedrooms. A 1LDK has one bedroom plus the LDK area. A 2LDK has two bedrooms plus the LDK area. Essentially, the number tells you how many private rooms you have.

Yes, many couples in Japan live in a 1LDK. It usually offers enough space for a shared bedroom and a communal living area. However, it might feel cramped if both people work from home.

The 'S' stands for 'Service Room.' This is a room that doesn't meet the legal requirements for a bedroom, usually due to a lack of natural light or ventilation. It can be used as a storage room, closet, or small office.

In a 1LDK, the LDK area must be at least 8 tatami mats (approx. 13 sqm). In a 2LDK or larger, the LDK area is usually at least 10 tatami mats (approx. 16 sqm) to legally be called an LDK.

No, the bathroom (furo) and toilet (toire) are not included in the LDK abbreviation. They are separate rooms. Modern Japanese apartments usually have the bath and toilet in separate rooms from each other as well.

It is a specific real estate term used to define the layout clearly. Since Japanese homes are often small, combining these three areas is a standard architectural choice, and 'LDK' helps buyers understand exactly what they are getting.

Yes! Many 2LDK or 3LDK apartments feature one 'Washitsu' (tatami room) and one or more 'Youshitsu' (flooring rooms). The LDK area itself is almost always flooring.

It is 'Wasei-Eigo' (Japanese-made English). While the letters are English, the acronym is unique to the Japanese real estate market and isn't used the same way in English-speaking countries.

For families, the 3LDK is the gold standard. For singles who want more space than a studio, the 1LDK is very popular. For young couples, the 2LDK is the most common choice.

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