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A2 noun #7,000 le plus courant 13 min de lecture

문단

mundan Top 7,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 문단 en 30 secondes

Explication 문단 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to worry about writing complex paragraphs yet, but it is helpful to know that a 문단 (Mundan) is a 'group of sentences.' Think of it like a small box of ideas. In your Korean textbook, you will see a few sentences grouped together. That group is a 문단. When your teacher says '첫 번째 문단' (cheot beon-jjae mundan), they mean 'the first block of text.' At this stage, just focus on recognizing the word when you see it in instructions. It's like a signal that tells you where a story starts and ends. You might only write one 문단 for your homework, and that's perfectly fine! Just remember that every time you start a new idea, you can start a new 문단 by moving to a new line and leaving a little space at the beginning. This helps people read your Korean more easily.

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At the A2 level, you are starting to write longer texts, like short emails or descriptions of your weekend. This is when 문단 (Mundan) becomes very important. You should learn to organize your writing into at least two or three paragraphs. For example, your first 문단 could be about where you went, and your second 문단 could be about what you ate. Using the word 문단 will help you understand your teacher's feedback. If they say '문단을 나누세요' (mun-dan-eul na-nu-se-yo), they want you to break your long text into smaller pieces. This makes your writing look professional and clear. You will also see this word in reading tests, asking you to find information in a specific 문단. Practice saying '첫 번째 문단' (first paragraph) and '두 번째 문단' (second paragraph) to navigate your lessons.

As a B1 learner, you are expected to produce coherent texts with a clear logical flow. This is where the internal structure of a 문단 (Mundan) matters. Each paragraph should have one main idea, called a '중심 생각' (jung-sim saeng-gak). You should also learn how to connect your 문단 using transition words like '그래서' (so), '하지만' (but), or '게다가' (moreover). This level requires you to not just identify paragraphs, but to analyze them. In the TOPIK I or II exams, you will often have to find the '주제' (topic) of a specific 문단. You should also be aware of the secondary meaning of 문단, referring to literary circles, as you might start reading simplified news articles or literary excerpts where this context appears. Understanding how a 문단 is built will significantly improve your reading speed and writing scores.

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At the B2 level, you should be comfortable discussing the nuances of writing and literature. You will use 문단 (Mundan) to talk about the stylistic choices of an author. For example, you might analyze why an author chose to use very short paragraphs to create tension, or very long ones to provide detailed descriptions. You will also encounter the term in professional settings. If you work in an office in Korea, you'll use 문단 when editing reports or proposals. You should be able to critique the '문단 간의 유기적 연결' (the organic connection between paragraphs). At this level, you are no longer just following instructions; you are using the concept of the 문단 to craft persuasive arguments and sophisticated narratives. You should also be familiar with the history of the 'Korean Mundan' (literary world) and how writers debut in it.

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For C1 learners, 문단 (Mundan) is a tool for high-level literary and academic discourse. You will use it to discuss the '문단적 구성' (paragraph-level composition) of complex texts, such as editorials, research papers, or classic literature. You should be able to identify subtle shifts in tone or perspective that occur between 문단. Furthermore, your understanding of the '문단' as a social institution should be deep. You might study the influence of specific '문단' groups on Korean history or politics. In your own writing, you are expected to demonstrate mastery over paragraph transitions, ensuring that every 문단 contributes perfectly to the overall thesis. You can discuss the '호흡' (breath/rhythm) of a text, which is often determined by the length and structure of its 문단. This is the level where the technical and social meanings of the word fully converge in your vocabulary.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of 문단 (Mundan) is indistinguishable from that of an educated native speaker. You can engage in deep literary criticism, discussing how the concept of the 문단 has evolved in Korean literature from the early 20th century to the digital age. You might explore how the '문단' (literary world) functions as a gatekeeper for cultural capital in Korea. In writing, you can experiment with paragraph structure to achieve specific rhetorical effects, perhaps even breaking traditional rules of 문단 division for artistic reasons. You are capable of editing professional-grade Korean texts, ensuring that the 문단 structure reflects the highest standards of logic and aesthetics. The word 문단 is no longer just a vocabulary item; it is a conceptual framework through which you interpret and contribute to the vast world of Korean written and intellectual culture.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

문단 en 30 secondes

A structural unit of writing consisting of multiple sentences that focus on a single theme or idea, commonly known as a paragraph.
Visually identified by indentation (들여쓰기) at the start of the first line, helping readers navigate the logical flow of a text.
A collective noun for the professional community of writers, critics, and publishers in Korea, often referred to as 'literary circles.'
Essential for academic writing and reading comprehension, as each '문단' typically contains one central point (주제) and supporting details.

The Korean word 문단 (Mundan) is a fundamental term in the realm of linguistics, literature, and general writing. At its most basic level, it refers to a paragraph—a distinct section of a piece of writing that deals with a single theme or idea. In the architecture of a text, if a sentence (문장) is the brick, then the 문단 is the wall. It provides the logical structure necessary for a reader to navigate through a narrative, an essay, or a technical report. The term is composed of two Hanja characters: 文 (문), meaning 'writing' or 'literature,' and 段 (단), meaning 'step,' 'stage,' or 'section.' Together, they literally describe a 'section of writing.' Understanding how to use and identify a 문단 is crucial for anyone learning Korean, as it is the primary unit used to organize thoughts in both academic and creative contexts. In Korean writing, the beginning of a new 문단 is traditionally marked by 들여쓰기 (deullyeosseugi), or indentation, which signals to the reader that a new sub-topic or a new phase of the story is beginning. This visual cue is essential for maintaining the flow of the text. Whether you are reading a newspaper article, a novel, or a textbook, you will see the text divided into these manageable chunks. For students of the Korean language, particularly those preparing for the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean), the ability to identify the main idea of a specific 문단 is a core skill tested in the reading comprehension section. It requires not just a knowledge of vocabulary, but an understanding of how logical arguments are constructed in Korean culture.

Structural Unit: In literary analysis, the 문단 is analyzed to see how it supports the overall thesis of the work.

글을 쓸 때는 주제가 바뀔 때마다 새로운 문단을 시작해야 합니다.

Translation: When writing, you should start a new paragraph whenever the topic changes.

Beyond simple writing mechanics, the term 문단 also carries a secondary, more specialized meaning in the context of the literary world. It can refer to the 'literary circles' or the 'world of letters'—the collective community of writers, critics, and publishers in Korea. For example, a young writer making their official debut is said to 'enter the 문단' (문단에 등단하다). This usage highlights the word's connection to the professional and social structures of Korean literature. It suggests a prestigious space where literary merit is recognized and debated. Therefore, while a beginner might only encounter 문단 as a term for a paragraph in a textbook, an advanced learner will recognize it as a gateway to discussing the history and sociology of Korean literature. The word is ubiquitous in schools, where teachers constantly remind students to 'organize their 문단' to ensure their essays are coherent. In professional settings, editors and journalists use the word daily to discuss the layout and flow of articles. Even in digital spaces, such as blogs or online news platforms, the concept of the 문단 remains the standard for readability, even if the physical 'indentation' is sometimes replaced by a line break.

이 소설가는 문단에서 매우 높은 평가를 받고 있습니다.

Translation: This novelist is highly regarded in the literary circles.

Etymological Breakdown: The character '段' (dan) is also used in words like '계단' (stairs), implying that each paragraph is a step forward in the story.

첫 번째 문단의 중심 내용을 요약해 보세요.

Translation: Please summarize the main content of the first paragraph.

In summary, 문단 is an essential noun for anyone looking to master Korean literacy. It bridges the gap between basic grammar and high-level composition. By mastering the use of 문단, you are not just learning a word for a block of text; you are learning how to structure your Korean thoughts in a way that is culturally and logically appropriate. Whether you are writing a simple diary entry or a complex research paper, the 문단 is your best friend in ensuring your message is delivered clearly. It reflects the Korean emphasis on orderly progression and logical unity within a given piece of work.

Using 문단 (Mundan) in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions as a standard noun. However, its usage varies depending on whether you are referring to a physical block of text or the abstract concept of the literary community. When talking about writing, 문단 is often paired with verbs like 나누다 (to divide), 시작하다 (to start), or 구성하다 (to compose/structure). For instance, a teacher might say, "주제가 바뀌었으니 문단을 나누세요" (The topic has changed, so please divide the paragraph). This highlights the functional role of the word in creating structure. In academic settings, you will frequently hear phrases like 문단의 요지 (the main point of the paragraph) or 문단 간의 연결 (the connection between paragraphs). These phrases are critical for discussing the flow and logic of an argument. If a text is difficult to read because it lacks structure, one might complain that the "문단 구분이 명확하지 않다" (the division of paragraphs is not clear).

Common Verb Pairings: 나누다 (divide), 고치다 (edit/fix), 옮기다 (move), 생략하다 (omit).

이 문단은 너무 길어서 두 개로 나누는 것이 좋겠습니다.

Translation: This paragraph is too long, so it would be good to divide it into two.

In the context of the literary world, the usage shifts toward social and professional status. The phrase 문단에 데뷔하다 (to debut in the literary world) or 문단에 이름을 알리다 (to make one's name known in literary circles) are common in news articles and biographies of authors. Here, 문단 acts as a collective noun for the entire ecosystem of professional writing in Korea. You might hear critics discussing the 'current state of the 문단' (한국 문단의 현주소), referring to modern trends in Korean literature. This dual nature of the word—both a technical term for a block of text and a social term for a community—makes it a versatile and rich vocabulary item. It is also worth noting that in digital layouts, the word 단락 (danrak) is sometimes used as a synonym for paragraph, but 문단 remains the more traditional and widely used term in education and formal literature.

그는 신춘문예를 통해 문단에 정식으로 등단했다.

Translation: He officially debuted in the literary world through the New Spring Literary Contest.

When constructing sentences with 문단, pay attention to the particles. Use -을/를 when it is the object of an action (e.g., 문단을 쓰다 - write a paragraph) and -이/가 when it is the subject (e.g., 문단이 짧다 - the paragraph is short). When referring to a specific paragraph in a sequence, use counters: 첫 번째 문단 (first paragraph), 두 번째 문단 (second paragraph), and so on. This is essential for classroom participation or when discussing a text with a language partner. By practicing these patterns, you will become comfortable using 문단 in various contexts, from describing a simple homework assignment to discussing the prestigious world of Korean novelists.

마지막 문단에서 작가는 자신의 결론을 제시합니다.

Translation: In the last paragraph, the author presents their conclusion.

Sentence Patterns: [Number] 번째 문단: The [Number] paragraph.
문단을 나누다: To break into paragraphs.
문단에 등단하다: To debut in literary circles.

이 책은 각 문단마다 중요한 용어들이 설명되어 있습니다.

Translation: In this book, important terms are explained in each paragraph.

The word 문단 (Mundan) is most frequently heard in educational and professional environments. In a Korean classroom, from elementary school all the way to university, teachers use this word constantly. You might hear a teacher say, "다음 문단을 소리 내어 읽어 보세요" (Please read the next paragraph aloud). It is the standard term used when dissecting a text for meaning. If you are taking a Korean language course, your instructor will likely use 문단 when giving feedback on your writing, perhaps suggesting that your '문단 구성' (paragraph structure) needs improvement. This makes it an indispensable word for students who want to follow instructions accurately and improve their writing skills.

Educational Contexts: Reading comprehension drills, essay writing classes, and literature lectures.

선생님께서 세 번째 문단이 주제와 맞지 않는다고 하셨어요.

Translation: The teacher said the third paragraph doesn't match the topic.

In the workplace, particularly in fields like journalism, publishing, and law, 문단 is a technical necessity. During editorial meetings, colleagues might discuss how to rearrange 문단 to make a news story more impactful. A lawyer might refer to a specific 문단 in a contract to clarify a legal point. Even in general office work, when preparing a proposal or a report, the word is used to discuss the logical flow of the document. You might hear someone say, "이 문단은 삭제하는 게 좋겠어요" (It would be better to delete this paragraph). This usage emphasizes the word's role as a tool for clear communication and professional organization. It is not a word you would typically use in casual conversation with friends while eating chicken, but it is one you will hear every day if you work or study in Korea.

보고서의 첫 문단에 핵심 요약을 넣어 주세요.

Translation: Please put a core summary in the first paragraph of the report.

Another place you will encounter 문단 is in the media, specifically when discussing literature. News segments about famous authors winning awards or the release of a highly anticipated novel will often mention the 문단 (literary circles). For example, a reporter might say, "이번 수상으로 그는 문단의 주목을 한 몸에 받고 있습니다" (With this award, he is receiving all the attention of the literary world). This usage is more abstract but highly common in cultural reporting. Finally, you will see the word in the instructions for standardized tests like TOPIK or the CSAT (Suneung). Questions like "다음 문단 뒤에 올 내용으로 알맞은 것은?" (What is appropriate to follow the next paragraph?) are staples of these exams. Understanding the word is therefore not just about language production, but also about successfully navigating the Korean academic and professional systems.

시험 문제에서 두 번째 문단의 주제를 찾는 것이 가장 어려웠어요.

Translation: Finding the topic of the second paragraph in the exam questions was the hardest part.

Media and Cultural Context: Book reviews, literary awards, interviews with authors, and cultural news segments.

한국 문단의 거장으로 불리는 작가를 만났습니다.

Translation: I met the author who is called a master of the Korean literary world.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is confusing 문단 (Mundan) with 문장 (Munjang). While they look similar and both relate to writing, they represent different levels of organization. 문장 means 'sentence,' the smallest complete unit of thought, while 문단 means 'paragraph,' a group of sentences. If a teacher asks you to write three 문단 and you only write three 문장, you will have completed only a fraction of the assignment! Always remember: many 문장 make up one 문단. Another common error is failing to use the correct particles when describing actions related to paragraphs. For example, saying "문단을 읽어요" (read the paragraph) is correct, but learners sometimes forget that 문단 is a count noun in English but functions differently in Korean phrasing. You don't usually say '한 문단' in the same way you say 'a paragraph' without a specific context of counting units.

Confusion with 'Munjang' (Sentence): Munjang = Sentence (The cat sits). Mundan = Paragraph (A block of text about the cat).

학생들이 문단과 문장을 자주 헷갈려 합니다.

Translation: Students often confuse 'paragraph' and 'sentence'.

Another mistake involves the secondary meaning of 문단. Learners might try to use it to describe a 'group of books' or a 'library,' but it specifically refers to the *people* and the *institution* of literature, not the physical books themselves. If you want to talk about a literary circle, 문단 is correct; if you want to talk about a bookshelf, it is not. Furthermore, in the context of writing, some learners struggle with where to divide their 문단. In Korean, as in English, a new paragraph should start when a new idea is introduced. However, Korean academic writing can sometimes have longer paragraphs than what is common in modern English web writing. Learners might over-segment their text into one-sentence paragraphs, which is often discouraged in formal Korean essay writing (논술). Understanding the 'logical weight' of a 문단 is a skill that comes with advanced practice.

이 글은 문단 구분이 전혀 되어 있지 않아 읽기 어렵습니다.

Translation: This text is hard to read because there are no paragraph divisions at all.

Lastly, be careful with the word 단락 (danrak). While often used as a synonym for paragraph, 단락 can also mean a 'short period' or a 'conclusion' of an event in certain idioms (e.g., 일단락되다 - to come to a temporary close). Using 문단 is almost always safer when you specifically mean a block of text in a book or essay. A final subtle mistake is pronunciation. Ensure you don't pronounce it as 'moondan' with a long English 'oo'; the 'u' (ㅜ) in Korean is a short, focused sound, and the 'n' (ㄴ) at the end of both syllables should be clear. Mispronouncing it might make it sound like other words, though context usually saves the day. Focusing on the clear 'n' sound at the end of each syllable will help you sound more like a native speaker.

일단락되다와 문단은 뜻이 다르니 주의하세요.

Translation: Be careful as 'to come to a close' and 'paragraph' have different meanings.

Vocabulary Check: 문장 (Sentence) vs. 문단 (Paragraph) vs. 단락 (Section/Paragraph) vs. 문예 (Literary arts).

한 문단에는 하나의 중심 생각만 담아야 합니다.

Translation: One paragraph should contain only one central idea.

While 문단 (Mundan) is the most common word for a paragraph, there are several related terms that you might encounter depending on the context. The most frequent alternative is 단락 (Danrak). In many cases, these two are interchangeable. However, 단락 is often used in more technical or structural contexts, such as describing the sections of a computer program's output, a logic flow, or a specific segment of a speech. In academic writing, 문단 is generally preferred for literary analysis, while 단락 might appear more in linguistics or technical writing. If you are using a word processor like Microsoft Word or Hancom Office (popular in Korea), you might see '단락' in the formatting menus. Another related term is 절 (Jeol), which means 'clause' in grammar but 'verse' in poetry or 'section' in legal documents. Understanding these nuances helps you choose the most precise word for your situation.

Mundan vs. Danrak: Mundan: Standard, literary, used in schools. Danrak: Technical, structural, used in formatting.

이 글의 첫 번째 단락을 확인해 보세요.

Translation: Please check the first paragraph/section of this text. (Using Danrak)

For broader sections of a work, you might use 장 (Jang), which means 'chapter.' A 장 consists of many 문단. If you are talking about the 'world of writing' but want to be more specific about the art form, you might use 문학계 (Munhak-gye), meaning 'the world of literature.' While 문단 refers to the social and professional circle of writers, 문학계 is a more formal, academic term for the entire field. In some contexts, 대목 (Daemok) is used to refer to a 'passage' or a 'part' of a story that is particularly memorable or important. Unlike 문단, which is a structural unit, 대목 is a qualitative unit—it refers to a specific scene or moment in the text. For example, "가장 감동적인 대목" means "the most moving passage."

소설의 이 대목은 정말 눈물이 납니다.

Translation: This passage of the novel really brings tears to my eyes.

Finally, when discussing the act of writing itself, you might encounter 구절 (Gujeol), which refers to a phrase or a short passage. If you are quoting a single line from a poem, you are quoting a 구절. If you are discussing the entire block of text where that line appears, you are discussing the 문단. In summary, while 문단 is your 'bread and butter' word for a paragraph, knowing 단락, 장, 대목, and 구절 will allow you to navigate Korean texts with much greater precision. Each word offers a different lens through which to view the organization and beauty of written Korean. By choosing the right word, you show a deeper understanding of the nuances of the language.

성경의 한 구절을 인용하며 연설을 시작했습니다.

Translation: He began the speech by quoting a phrase from the Bible.

Summary of Alternatives: 단락 (Paragraph/Section - technical)
구절 (Phrase/Passage - short excerpt)
대목 (Passage/Part - notable segment)
장 (Chapter - large section)

이 책은 총 10개의 장으로 구성되어 있습니다.

Translation: This book consists of a total of 10 chapters.

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

The character '段' (dan) is the same 'dan' used in Taekwondo to describe black belt ranks (1st dan, 2nd dan, etc.), emphasizing the idea of a 'level' or 'stage.'

Guide de prononciation

UK /mun.dan/

US /mun.dɑːn/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal stress, but a slight emphasis on the first syllable is common in standard speech.

Rime avec

판 (pan - plate/board) 산 (san - mountain) 난 (nan - orchid/difficulty) 간 (gan - liver/between) 안 (an - inside) 단 (dan - sweet/step) 만 (man - ten thousand) 잔 (jan - glass/cup)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'mun' like the English word 'money' (too short/open).
Pronouncing 'dan' like 'den' (wrong vowel).
Failing to pronounce the final 'n' clearly.
Adding an extra vowel sound at the end (e.g., 'mundane').
Mushing the two syllables together so it sounds like 'mudan'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts due to its structural nature.

Écriture 3/5

Requires understanding of logical flow and indentation rules.

Expression orale 2/5

Pronunciation is simple, though the word is mostly used in formal contexts.

Écoute 2/5

Easy to distinguish, but must not be confused with 'munjang'.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

글 (writing) 문장 (sentence) 단어 (word) 책 (book) 읽다 (to read)

Apprends ensuite

주제 (topic) 요약 (summary) 논리 (logic) 구성 (structure) 작가 (author)

Avancé

등단 (debut) 비평 (criticism) 기승전결 (structure) 문학계 (literary world) 수사학 (rhetoric)

Grammaire à connaître

-마다 (Every/Each)

문단마다 주제가 달라요. (Every paragraph has a different topic.)

-별로 (By/According to)

문단별로 내용을 정리하세요. (Organize the content paragraph by paragraph.)

-에 따라 (Depending on)

문단 구성에 따라 느낌이 달라요. (The feeling changes depending on the paragraph structure.)

-기 위해 (In order to)

가독성을 높이기 위해 문단을 나누었다. (I divided the paragraphs to increase readability.)

-라는 (Called/Named)

문단이라는 단위는 중요합니다. (The unit called a paragraph is important.)

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Exemples par niveau

이 문단을 읽으세요.

Read this paragraph.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 읽으세요 (read - formal polite).

첫 번째 문단이 짧아요.

The first paragraph is short.

첫 번째 (first) + 문단 (paragraph) + -이 (subject particle) + 짧아요 (is short).

문단이 세 개 있어요.

There are three paragraphs.

문단 (paragraph) + -이 (subject particle) + 세 개 (three items) + 있어요 (there are).

여기에 문단을 쓰세요.

Write a paragraph here.

여기 (here) + -에 (location particle) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 쓰세요 (write).

다음 문단을 보세요.

Look at the next paragraph.

다음 (next) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 보세요 (look).

문단이 예뻐요.

The paragraph (layout) is pretty.

문단 (paragraph) + -이 (subject particle) + 예뻐요 (is pretty).

이 문단은 어려워요.

This paragraph is difficult.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 어려워요 (is difficult).

선생님이 문단을 읽어요.

The teacher reads the paragraph.

선생님 (teacher) + -이 (subject particle) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 읽어요 (reads).

주제가 바뀌면 문단을 나누세요.

If the topic changes, divide the paragraph.

주제 (topic) + -가 (subject particle) + 바뀌면 (if it changes) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 나누세요 (divide).

두 번째 문단을 다시 읽어 볼까요?

Shall we read the second paragraph again?

두 번째 (second) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 다시 (again) + 읽어 볼까요 (shall we try reading).

이 문단에서 가장 중요한 단어는 뭐예요?

What is the most important word in this paragraph?

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -에서 (in/from) + 가장 (most) + 중요한 (important) + 단어 (word) + -는 (topic particle) + 뭐예요 (is what).

문단마다 들여쓰기를 해야 합니다.

You must indent each paragraph.

문단 (paragraph) + -마다 (each) + 들여쓰기 (indentation) + -를 (object particle) + 해야 합니다 (must do).

마지막 문단에 결론을 쓰세요.

Write the conclusion in the last paragraph.

마지막 (last) + 문단 (paragraph) + -에 (in) + 결론 (conclusion) + -을 (object particle) + 쓰세요 (write).

이 문단은 너무 길어서 지루해요.

This paragraph is too long, so it is boring.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 너무 (too) + 길어서 (because it's long) + 지루해요 (is boring).

문단의 순서를 바꿔 보세요.

Try changing the order of the paragraphs.

문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 순서 (order) + -를 (object particle) + 바꿔 보세요 (try changing).

그는 문단에 관심이 많아요.

He is very interested in the literary world.

그 (he) + -는 (topic particle) + 문단 (literary world) + -에 (in) + 관심 (interest) + -이 (subject particle) + 많아요 (is much).

각 문단의 중심 생각을 한 문장으로 요약하세요.

Summarize the main idea of each paragraph in one sentence.

각 (each) + 문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 중심 생각 (main idea) + -을 (object particle) + 한 문장 (one sentence) + -으로 (as/with) + 요약하세요 (summarize).

문단 사이의 연결이 자연스럽지 않습니다.

The connection between paragraphs is not natural.

문단 (paragraph) + 사이 (between) + -의 (possessive) + 연결 (connection) + -이 (subject particle) + 자연스럽지 않습니다 (is not natural).

이 작가는 문단에서 꽤 유명한 분입니다.

This author is quite famous in literary circles.

이 (this) + 작가 (author) + -는 (topic particle) + 문단 (literary world) + -에서 (in) + 꽤 (quite) + 유명한 (famous) + 분 (person - honorific) + -입니다 (is).

문단을 나눌 때는 논리적인 근거가 필요합니다.

When dividing paragraphs, logical reasoning is needed.

문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 나눌 때 (when dividing) + -는 (topic particle) + 논리적인 (logical) + 근거 (basis/reasoning) + -가 (subject particle) + 필요합니다 (is needed).

첫 문단에서 독자의 시선을 사로잡아야 합니다.

You must grab the reader's attention in the first paragraph.

첫 (first) + 문단 (paragraph) + -에서 (in) + 독자 (reader) + -의 (possessive) + 시선 (gaze) + -을 (object particle) + 사로잡아야 합니다 (must capture).

이 문단은 앞 문단과 내용이 겹칩니다.

This paragraph overlaps in content with the previous paragraph.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 앞 (front/previous) + 문단 (paragraph) + -과 (with) + 내용 (content) + -이 (subject particle) + 겹칩니다 (overlaps).

문단 번호를 매기면 읽기가 더 편해요.

It's easier to read if you number the paragraphs.

문단 (paragraph) + 번호 (number) + -를 (object particle) + 매기면 (if you assign) + 읽기 (reading) + -가 (subject particle) + 더 (more) + 편해요 (is comfortable/easy).

그는 신춘문예를 통해 문단에 발을 들였다.

He entered the literary world through the New Spring Literary Contest.

그 (he) + -는 (topic particle) + 신춘문예 (New Spring Literary Contest) + -를 통해 (through) + 문단 (literary world) + -에 (into) + 발을 들였다 (entered/stepped in).

문단의 통일성을 유지하는 것이 좋은 글쓰기의 핵심입니다.

Maintaining paragraph unity is the key to good writing.

문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 통일성 (unity) + -을 (object particle) + 유지하는 것 (maintaining) + -이 (subject particle) + 좋은 (good) + 글쓰기 (writing) + -의 (possessive) + 핵심 (core/key) + -입니다 (is).

이 평론가는 한국 문단의 문제점을 날카롭게 지적했다.

This critic sharply pointed out the problems of the Korean literary world.

이 (this) + 평론가 (critic) + -는 (topic particle) + 한국 (Korean) + 문단 (literary world) + -의 (possessive) + 문제점 (problems) + -을 (object particle) + 날카롭게 (sharply) + 지적했다 (pointed out).

글의 흐름상 이 문단은 뒤로 옮기는 게 낫겠습니다.

Given the flow of the text, it would be better to move this paragraph to the back.

글 (writing) + -의 (possessive) + 흐름상 (in terms of flow) + 이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 뒤 (back) + -로 (to) + 옮기는 게 (moving it) + 낫겠습니다 (would be better).

각 문단은 하나의 소주제를 명확하게 드러내야 합니다.

Each paragraph must clearly reveal one sub-topic.

각 (each) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 하나 (one) + -의 (possessive) + 소주제 (sub-topic) + -를 (object particle) + 명확하게 (clearly) + 드러내야 합니다 (must reveal).

그 작가는 문단의 권위주의에 도전하는 글을 썼다.

That author wrote a piece challenging the authoritarianism of the literary world.

그 (that) + 작가 (author) + -는 (topic particle) + 문단 (literary world) + -의 (possessive) + 권위주의 (authoritarianism) + -에 (against) + 도전하는 (challenging) + 글 (writing) + -을 (object particle) + 썼다 (wrote).

문단 내에서의 문장 간 결속력을 높여야 합니다.

You need to increase the cohesion between sentences within the paragraph.

문단 (paragraph) + 내 (inside) + -에서 (in) + -의 (possessive) + 문장 (sentence) + 간 (between) + 결속력 (cohesion/solidarity) + -을 (object particle) + 높여야 합니다 (must increase).

이 문단은 불필요한 수식어가 많아 요지가 흐려집니다.

This paragraph has many unnecessary modifiers, so the main point gets blurred.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 불필요한 (unnecessary) + 수식어 (modifiers) + -가 (subject particle) + 많아 (because there are many) + 요지 (main point) + -가 (subject particle) + 흐려집니다 (becomes blurred).

그녀는 문단의 원로 작가들로부터 극찬을 받았다.

She received high praise from the veteran writers of the literary world.

그녀 (she) + -는 (topic particle) + 문단 (literary world) + -의 (possessive) + 원로 (veteran/elder) + 작가 (writer) + -들 (plural) + -로부터 (from) + 극찬 (high praise) + -을 (object particle) + 받았다 (received).

문단의 배치는 독자의 심리적 호흡을 조절하는 역할을 합니다.

The arrangement of paragraphs plays a role in controlling the reader's psychological rhythm.

문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 배치 (arrangement) + -는 (topic particle) + 독자 (reader) + -의 (possessive) + 심리적 (psychological) + 호흡 (breath/rhythm) + -을 (object particle) + 조절하는 (controlling) + 역할 (role) + -을 (object particle) + 합니다 (does).

현대 한국 문단은 장르 문학의 급격한 성장을 경험하고 있다.

The modern Korean literary world is experiencing the rapid growth of genre literature.

현대 (modern) + 한국 (Korean) + 문단 (literary world) + -은 (topic particle) + 장르 문학 (genre literature) + -의 (possessive) + 급격한 (rapid) + 성장 (growth) + -을 (object particle) + 경험하고 있다 (is experiencing).

이 논문은 각 문단의 논리적 완결성이 매우 뛰어납니다.

This thesis has excellent logical completeness in each paragraph.

이 (this) + 논문 (thesis/paper) + -은 (topic particle) + 각 (each) + 문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 논리적 (logical) + 완결성 (completeness) + -이 (subject particle) + 매우 (very) + 뛰어납니다 (is outstanding).

문단을 어떻게 구성하느냐에 따라 글의 설득력이 달라집니다.

The persuasiveness of the text varies depending on how you structure the paragraphs.

문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 어떻게 (how) + 구성하느냐에 따라 (depending on how you structure) + 글 (writing) + -의 (possessive) + 설득력 (persuasiveness) + -이 (subject particle) + 달라집니다 (changes/varies).

작가는 의도적으로 문단 구분을 파괴하여 혼란을 야기했다.

The author intentionally destroyed paragraph divisions to cause confusion.

작가 (author) + -는 (topic particle) + 의도적으로 (intentionally) + 문단 구분 (paragraph division) + -을 (object particle) + 파괴하여 (by destroying) + 혼란 (confusion) + -을 (object particle) + 야기했다 (caused).

문단 정치는 문학의 본질을 훼손할 우려가 있다는 비판이 있다.

There is criticism that 'literary world politics' risks damaging the essence of literature.

문단 정치 (literary world politics) + -는 (topic particle) + 문학 (literature) + -의 (possessive) + 본질 (essence) + -을 (object particle) + 훼손할 (to damage) + 우려 (concern/risk) + -가 (subject particle) + 있다는 (that there is) + 비판 (criticism) + -이 (subject particle) + 있다 (there is).

이 문단은 전체 텍스트의 미학적 균형을 깨뜨리고 있습니다.

This paragraph is breaking the aesthetic balance of the entire text.

이 (this) + 문단 (paragraph) + -은 (topic particle) + 전체 (entire) + 텍스트 (text) + -의 (possessive) + 미학적 (aesthetic) + 균형 (balance) + -을 (object particle) + 깨뜨리고 있습니다 (is breaking).

그의 소설은 문단에서 포스트모더니즘의 정수로 평가받는다.

His novel is evaluated as the essence of postmodernism in the literary world.

그 (his) + 소설 (novel) + -은 (topic particle) + 문단 (literary world) + -에서 (in) + 포스트모더니즘 (postmodernism) + -의 (possessive) + 정수 (essence) + -로 (as) + 평가받는다 (is evaluated).

문단이라는 구조적 틀은 사고의 범주화를 전제로 성립된다.

The structural framework called a paragraph is established on the premise of the categorization of thought.

문단 (paragraph) + -이라는 (called) + 구조적 틀 (structural framework) + -은 (topic particle) + 사고 (thought) + -의 (possessive) + 범주화 (categorization) + -를 (object particle) + 전제로 (as a premise) + 성립된다 (is established).

한국 문단의 폐쇄성은 신진 작가들의 진입 장벽으로 작용해 왔다.

The exclusivity of the Korean literary world has acted as a barrier to entry for new writers.

한국 (Korean) + 문단 (literary world) + -의 (possessive) + 폐쇄성 (exclusivity/closedness) + -은 (topic particle) + 신진 작가 (new/rising writer) + -들 (plural) + -의 (possessive) + 진입 장벽 (entry barrier) + -으로 (as) + 작용해 왔다 (has been acting).

문단 간의 유기적 긴밀함은 텍스트의 완결성을 담보하는 요체이다.

The organic closeness between paragraphs is the key element that guarantees the completeness of a text.

문단 (paragraph) + 간 (between) + -의 (possessive) + 유기적 (organic) + 긴밀함 (closeness/tightness) + -은 (topic particle) + 텍스트 (text) + -의 (possessive) + 완결성 (completeness) + -을 (object particle) + 담보하는 (guaranteeing) + 요체 (key element/essence) + -이다 (is).

비평가는 작가가 문단을 나누는 행위 자체가 하나의 해석적 실천임을 강조했다.

The critic emphasized that the very act of an author dividing paragraphs is an interpretive practice.

비평가 (critic) + -는 (topic particle) + 작가 (author) + -가 (subject particle) + 문단 (paragraph) + -을 (object particle) + 나누는 (dividing) + 행위 (act) + 자체 (itself) + -가 (subject particle) + 하나 (one) + -의 (possessive) + 해석적 (interpretive) + 실천 (practice) + -임을 (that it is) + 강조했다 (emphasized).

디지털 매체의 확산은 전통적인 문단의 개념과 형식을 해체하고 있다.

The spread of digital media is deconstructing the traditional concept and form of the paragraph.

디지털 매체 (digital media) + -의 (possessive) + 확산 (spread) + -은 (topic particle) + 전통적인 (traditional) + 문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 개념 (concept) + -과 (and) + 형식 (form) + -을 (object particle) + 해체하고 있다 (is deconstructing).

문단 내의 미시적 담론과 문단 전체의 거시적 담론은 상호작용한다.

The micro-discourse within a paragraph and the macro-discourse of the literary world interact.

문단 (paragraph/literary world) + 내 (inside) + -의 (possessive) + 미시적 (microscopic) + 담론 (discourse) + -과 (and) + 문단 (literary world) + 전체 (entire) + -의 (possessive) + 거시적 (macroscopic) + 담론 (discourse) + -은 (topic particle) + 상호작용한다 (interact).

권력화된 문단 구조에 대한 성찰은 문학적 정의를 실현하기 위한 필수 과제이다.

Reflection on the power-laden literary world structure is an essential task for realizing literary justice.

권력화된 (power-laden/empowered) + 문단 구조 (literary world structure) + -에 대한 (about) + 성찰 (reflection) + -은 (topic particle) + 문학적 (literary) + 정의 (justice) + -를 (object particle) + 실현하기 위한 (for realizing) + 필수 (essential) + 과제 (task/assignment) + -이다 (is).

문단의 경계에서 발생하는 의미의 지연은 독자에게 사유의 공간을 제공한다.

The delay of meaning occurring at the boundaries of paragraphs provides a space for thought for the reader.

문단 (paragraph) + -의 (possessive) + 경계 (boundary) + -에서 (at) + 발생하는 (occurring) + 의미 (meaning) + -의 (possessive) + 지연 (delay) + -은 (topic particle) + 독자 (reader) + -에게 (to) + 사유 (thought/reasoning) + -의 (possessive) + 공간 (space) + -을 (object particle) + 제공한다 (provides).

Collocations courantes

문단을 나누다

첫 문단

문단에 등단하다

문단 구성

문단 구분

문단의 요지

문단 간의 연결

문단 번호

문단 정렬

문단 내 문장

Phrases Courantes

문단을 바꾸다

— To change the paragraph (start a new one). This is used when writing or editing.

여기서 문단을 바꾸는 게 좋겠어요.

문단을 합치다

— To combine paragraphs. Used when two sections are too short or related.

이 두 문단을 하나로 합치세요.

문단이 길다

— The paragraph is long. Often used as a critique of readability.

문단이 너무 길면 읽기 힘들어요.

문단이 짧다

— The paragraph is short. Can be used for emphasis or as a critique.

첫 번째 문단이 너무 짧네요.

문단에 데뷔하다

— To debut in the literary world. Refers to becoming a professional writer.

그는 시인으로 문단에 데뷔했다.

문단의 권위

— The authority of the literary world. Refers to established literary institutions.

문단의 권위에 도전하는 젊은 작가들.

문단 수준

— The level or standard of the literary world or a specific paragraph.

한국 문단 수준이 높아졌습니다.

문단 요약

— Paragraph summary. A common task in language learning and research.

문단 요약 연습을 해 봅시다.

문단 중심 문장

— The topic sentence of a paragraph. The sentence that carries the main idea.

문단 중심 문장을 찾아 보세요.

문단 들여쓰기

— Paragraph indentation. The practice of starting a paragraph with a space.

문단 들여쓰기를 잊지 마세요.

Souvent confondu avec

문단 vs 문장 (Munjang)

Munjang is a single sentence. Mundan is a paragraph (multiple sentences).

문단 vs 단락 (Danrak)

Very similar, but Danrak is more technical/digital, while Mundan is more literary/educational.

문단 vs 문예 (Munye)

Munye refers to literary arts or literature itself, not the structural unit of a paragraph.

Expressions idiomatiques

"문단에 이름을 올리다"

— To become known in the literary world; to officially become a writer.

그는 마침내 문단에 이름을 올렸다.

Formal/Literary

"문단을 주름잡다"

— To dominate or be a leading figure in the literary world.

그는 한 시대를 문단을 주름잡던 작가였다.

Colloquial/Literary

"문단의 총아"

— The 'darling' or the most popular rising star of the literary world.

그녀는 데뷔와 동시에 문단의 총아가 되었다.

Formal/Literary

"문단에 발을 들이다"

— To start one's career in the literary world.

어린 나이에 문단에 발을 들였다.

Neutral

"문단을 뒤흔들다"

— To shock or cause a sensation in the literary world.

그의 파격적인 소설은 문단을 뒤흔들었다.

Dramatic/Formal

"문단 정치를 하다"

— To engage in 'literary politics'—using social connections rather than talent to succeed.

그는 작품 활동보다 문단 정치에 더 관심이 많다.

Critical/Formal

"문단의 원로"

— A respected elder or veteran in the literary world.

문단의 원로들이 한자리에 모였다.

Formal/Respectful

"문단에 혜성처럼 나타나다"

— To appear in the literary world like a comet (to have a sudden, brilliant debut).

그는 문단에 혜성처럼 나타난 신인이다.

Literary/Journalistic

"문단 활동을 중단하다"

— To stop one's activities in the literary world (stop publishing/writing).

그는 돌연 문단 활동을 중단하고 잠적했다.

Formal

"문단의 평가"

— The evaluation or reception by the literary community.

작품에 대한 문단의 평가가 엇갈리고 있다.

Formal

Facile à confondre

문단 vs 문장

Both start with '문' and relate to writing units.

A '문장' is one sentence (subject + predicate). A '문단' is a collection of sentences forming a paragraph.

이 문장은 짧지만, 이 문단은 길어요. (This sentence is short, but this paragraph is long.)

문단 vs 단락

They are often used as synonyms for 'paragraph'.

In daily life, they are the same. In professional settings, '문단' is used for text flow, and '단락' is used for structural sections.

소설의 문단 구성을 보세요. vs 웹페이지의 단락을 나누세요.

문단 vs 구절

Both refer to parts of a text.

A '구절' is a specific phrase or short passage. A '문단' is a complete structural block of text.

이 구절이 마음에 들어요. (I like this phrase.)

문단 vs 문학

Both relate to the world of writing.

'문학' is the art of literature. '문단' is either a structural paragraph or the social community of writers.

그는 문학을 사랑하고 문단에서 활동합니다. (He loves literature and is active in the literary world.)

문단 vs 장

Both are divisions of a text.

A '장' (chapter) is a major division of a book. A '문단' (paragraph) is a smaller division within a chapter.

제1장은 여러 문단으로 구성됩니다. (Chapter 1 consists of several paragraphs.)

Structures de phrases

이 문단을 [Verb]-세요.

이 문단을 읽으세요.

[Number] 번째 문단이 [Adjective]-아요/어요.

첫 번째 문단이 길어요.

문단의 [Noun]-을/를 파악하다.

문단의 요지를 파악하다.

문단 간의 [Noun]-이/가 중요하다.

문단 간의 연결이 중요하다.

문단에 [Verb]-하는 것은 [Noun]-이다.

문단에 등단하는 것은 어려운 일이다.

문단이라는 [Noun]-은/는 [Concept]-을 전제로 한다.

문단이라는 구조는 논리적 완결성을 전제로 한다.

문단을 [Verb]-기 위해 나누다.

이해하기 쉽게 하기 위해 문단을 나누었다.

문단마다 [Noun]-이/가 있다.

문단마다 핵심 생각이 있다.

Famille de mots

Noms

문단 (paragraph/literary world)

문장 (sentence)

문학 (literature)

문예 (literary arts)

단락 (paragraph/section)

Verbes

등단하다 (to debut in the literary world)

문단화하다 (to divide into paragraphs - rare)

구성하다 (to structure/compose)

Adjectifs

문단적 (paragraph-related)

문학적 (literary)

Apparenté

글쓰기 (writing)

작가 (author)

비평 (criticism)

출판 (publishing)

독자 (reader)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

Very high in education, literature, and professional writing contexts.

Erreurs courantes

Confusing '문단' (paragraph) with '문장' (sentence). → 여러 문장이 모여 하나의 문단이 됩니다.
Learners often mix these up because they both start with '문'. Remember: Munjang is the small unit, Mundan is the big block.
Forgetting to indent (들여쓰기) in formal essays. → 새 문단을 시작할 때 한 칸을 비웁니다.
In formal Korean writing, indentation is a strict rule. Failing to do so can lower your score in writing exams like TOPIK.
Using '문단' to refer to a physical bookshelf or collection of books. → 그것은 '서가'나 '책장'이라고 합니다.
Mundan refers to the text structure or the community of writers, not physical objects like books or shelves.
Using '문단' for a musical verse. → 노래의 한 '절'이라고 합니다.
While both are sections, '절' is the specific term for music/poetry verses, whereas '문단' is for prose/essays.
Making paragraphs too long without breaks. → 내용이 바뀌면 문단을 나누어야 합니다.
Writing a whole page as one single Mundan is a common mistake that makes the text unreadable. Logical breaks are necessary.

Astuces

One Idea Rule

Always ensure each 문단 has only one main idea. If you start talking about a new topic, start a new 문단. This is the gold rule of Korean composition.

Particle Usage

Use '문단별로' to mean 'by paragraph' when organizing notes. Use '문단마다' to mean 'in every paragraph' when looking for recurring themes.

Topic Sentences

In Korean academic writing, the first or last sentence of a 문단 usually contains the main idea. Focus on these to save time during exams.

Munjang vs Mundan

Munjang = Sentence. Mundan = Paragraph. Remember the 'D' in Mundan for 'Division' of a larger text.

Literary Debut

If you hear someone is '문단에서 활동한다', it means they are a professional in the literary world, not just that they are writing paragraphs.

Digital Writing

On Korean websites, people often use a blank line instead of an indent. This is still called '문단을 나누다' (dividing paragraphs).

TOPIK Strategy

When a question asks for the '요지' (gist), read the first 문단 to understand the context and the last 문단 for the conclusion.

Referencing Text

When speaking about a text, say '두 번째 문단 세 번째 줄' (Second paragraph, third line) to be very precise.

Logical Flow

If your writing feels messy, check the '문단 간의 연결' (transitions between paragraphs). Adding a simple '하지만' or '따라서' can fix it.

Analysis

Try to summarize every 문단 of a news article in 5 Korean words. This is excellent practice for both vocabulary and logic.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of 'Moon' (문) + 'Done' (단). You are looking at the 'Moon' until the paragraph is 'Done'.

Association visuelle

Imagine a staircase where each step is a block of text. Each step is a '문단' that takes you higher in the story.

Word Web

문학 (Literature) 문장 (Sentence) 작가 (Author) 단락 (Paragraph) 글 (Writing) 등단 (Debut) 비평 (Criticism) 요지 (Main Point)

Défi

Try to write a three-paragraph (세 문단) story in Korean about your favorite food, ensuring each '문단' has a clear topic.

Origine du mot

Derived from Hanja (Sino-Korean characters). '文' (mun) means 'writing, literature, or culture.' '段' (dan) means 'step, stage, or section.'

Sens originel : A distinct section or step within a piece of writing.

Sino-Korean

Contexte culturel

When using '문단' to refer to literary circles, be aware that it can sometimes imply a 'cliquey' or elitist environment, which is a common subject of debate in Korean cultural criticism.

In English-speaking countries, paragraphs are often shorter, especially in journalism and web content. In Korean academic writing, '문단' can be quite long and dense.

신춘문예 (Shinchun Munye) - The traditional gateway to the Korean literary '문단'. 한국문인협회 (The Korea Writers Association) - A major organization representing the '문단'. 기승전결 (Introduction-Development-Turn-Conclusion) - The classical structural guide for paragraphs.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

In a Language Classroom

첫 번째 문단을 읽으세요.
문단의 주제를 찾으세요.
문단을 나누어 보세요.
다음 문단으로 넘어가요.

Professional Editing

이 문단은 삭제합시다.
문단 구성을 바꿔야 해요.
문단 간 연결이 어색해요.
문단 번호를 매겨 주세요.

Literary Discussion

문단의 평가가 좋아요.
그는 문단의 원로입니다.
문단에 등단하고 싶어요.
문단 내의 갈등이 있어요.

Standardized Testing (TOPIK)

문단의 요지로 알맞은 것?
문단 뒤에 올 내용은?
문단이 들어갈 위치는?
문단의 중심 생각을 고르세요.

Computer Software / Word Processing

문단 모양 설정
문단 첫 글자 장식
문단 간격 조절
문단 정렬 방식

Amorces de conversation

"이 문단에서 작가가 말하고 싶은 게 뭘까요? (What do you think the author wants to say in this paragraph?)"

"한국 문단에서 가장 유명한 작가가 누구예요? (Who is the most famous writer in the Korean literary world?)"

"글을 쓸 때 문단을 나누는 게 어려우신가요? (Do you find it difficult to divide paragraphs when writing?)"

"이 문단은 너무 길어서 이해하기 힘들지 않아요? (Isn't this paragraph too long and hard to understand?)"

"문단에 등단하는 것이 꿈인 친구가 있나요? (Do you have a friend whose dream is to debut in the literary world?)"

Sujets d'écriture

오늘 읽은 책 중에서 가장 기억에 남는 문단을 옮겨 적고 그 이유를 써 보세요. (Copy the most memorable paragraph from the book you read today and write why.)

자신의 성격을 설명하는 세 문단의 글을 써 보세요. (Write a three-paragraph piece describing your personality.)

문단 구분을 하지 않고 글을 쓴다면 어떤 문제가 생길지 생각해 보세요. (Think about what problems would arise if you wrote without paragraph divisions.)

내가 작가가 되어 문단에 등단한다면 어떤 글을 쓰고 싶은가요? (If you became a writer and debuted in the literary world, what kind of writing would you want to do?)

좋은 문단이란 무엇이라고 생각하는지 자신의 의견을 정리해 보세요. (Summarize your opinion on what you think a good paragraph is.)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

There is no fixed rule, but a typical Korean academic '문단' consists of 3 to 7 sentences. It should be long enough to develop a single idea but short enough to remain readable. In creative writing, a '문단' can even be a single sentence for dramatic effect.

Yes, but less formally. People often use line breaks instead of traditional indents. However, if someone writes a very long post without breaks, others might comment, "문단 좀 나눠주세요" (Please divide the paragraphs), to make it easier to read.

For most learners, they are 100% interchangeable. '문단' is slightly more common in traditional literature and school textbooks, while '단락' is more common in technical writing, coding, or digital design. In the TOPIK exam, '문단' is the standard term.

In formal writing, you leave one character's worth of space at the beginning of the first line. This is called '들여쓰기'. In modern digital writing (blogs, emails), people often skip the indent and just use a double line break between paragraphs.

Yes, its second major meaning is the 'literary world' or 'literary circles.' This refers to the community of professional writers, critics, and the institutional structure of literature in Korea.

It means to officially debut as a writer in the literary world. It usually implies that the writer's work has been recognized by an established literary journal or through a major competition.

Yes, reporters use it to refer to specific sections of a report or to the literary community when reporting on cultural news or book awards.

You use the ordinals: '첫 번째 문단' (cheot beon-jjae mundan) or '첫 문단' for the first, and '두 번째 문단' (du beon-jjae mundan) for the second.

Many reading questions ask you to identify the '중심 생각' (main idea) of a specific '문단' or to find where a provided sentence best fits within the '문단' structure of a text.

While '문단' is primarily for written text, you can use it metaphorically to describe sections of a speech, though '단락' or '부분' (part) might be more common for spoken content.

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