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A1 verb #2,000 le plus courant 7 min de lecture

试验

shiyan Top 2,000

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 试验 en 30 secondes

Explication 试验 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '试验' (shìyàn) is introduced as a formal way to say 'to test' or 'to try out.' While beginners usually use the simpler '试' (shì), '试验' appears in basic sentences about science or checking if a machine works. You can think of it as 'doing a test.' For example, if you are talking about a science class or a new toy, you might use this word. It's important to know it's more formal than '试.' You will mostly see it as a noun ('a test') or a verb ('to test'). It helps you talk about basic functional actions, like 'testing a phone' or 'testing a method.' Even at this level, knowing the difference between a casual 'try' and a formal 'test' is useful.

At the A2 level, you start to see '试验' in more varied contexts, such as technology and simple work tasks. You might use it to describe 'trying out' a new way of doing something at work or a teacher 'testing' a new teaching method. The structure '进行试验' (to conduct a trial) becomes more common. You should begin to notice that '试验' is used when there is a specific goal or result expected, unlike '尝试' which is just for trying something new for fun. You will also see it in compound words like '试验田' (experimental field). It helps you describe processes that involve checking and verifying, which is a step up from basic descriptive Chinese.

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By B1, you should clearly distinguish between '试验' (trial/test) and '实验' (experiment). '试验' is more about the application and verification of something—like testing a new product's durability or a new policy's effectiveness. You will encounter it in news reports about medicine (clinical trials) and engineering. You'll also learn to use it with more complex modifiers like '反复试验' (repeated trials) and '初步试验' (preliminary trials). At this level, you are expected to use '试验' in professional or academic discussions to describe a systematic approach to solving a problem or verifying a hypothesis. It's a key word for describing the 'trial and error' process in any field.

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At the B2 level, '试验' is used in abstract and sophisticated ways. You might read about '试验区' (experimental zones) in the context of China's economic reforms. Here, '试验' represents a controlled implementation of a theory in the real world. You will understand its role in the scientific method and be able to discuss the validity and reliability of '试验结果' (trial results). You should also be comfortable using it in the passive voice or within complex sentence structures, such as '经过多次试验，该技术终于趋于成熟' (After many trials, the technology finally matured). Your understanding of the word should now include its socio-political connotations in modern Chinese history.

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At the C1 level, your use of '试验' should be precise and nuanced. You can discuss the philosophical implications of '试验' as a method of inquiry. You will encounter the word in high-level academic papers, legal documents regarding product liability, and complex technical manuals. You should be able to distinguish '试验' from '测试,' '检验,' and '验证' with ease, choosing the exact word for the context (e.g., using '试验' for a pilot program vs. '检验' for quality inspection). You will also understand idiomatic or metaphorical uses, where '试验' might refer to testing someone's loyalty or the resilience of a system under extreme pressure. Your vocabulary will include specialized terms like '受控试验' (controlled trial).

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At the C2 level, '试验' is a tool for deep analysis. You can use it to critique research methodologies or discuss the ethics of human '试验.' You will recognize it in classical-style modern prose or high-level political discourse where it might be used to describe the 'testing' of a nation's resolve. You can navigate the most technical definitions in fields like aeronautics or pharmacology, where '试验' has specific regulatory meanings. You are also aware of the historical weight of the term in Chinese Marxist-Leninist discourse, specifically regarding the 'experimentation' of social theories. Your mastery allows you to use '试验' to convey precision, authority, and a deep understanding of empirical processes.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

试验 en 30 secondes

试验 means to test or conduct a trial to verify if something works as intended in a formal or scientific context.
It is commonly used for clinical trials, product testing, and pilot programs, distinguishing it from casual 'trying' or theoretical 'experimenting'.
The word functions as both a verb and a noun, often appearing in the phrase '进行试验' (to conduct a trial).
Key synonyms include 实验 (experiment) and 测试 (test), but 试验 specifically emphasizes the trial-and-error process of verification.

The term 试验 (shìyàn) is a fundamental Chinese verb and noun that primarily translates to 'to test,' 'to experiment,' or 'to conduct a trial.' At its core, it represents the process of putting something to the test to ascertain its quality, performance, or validity. Unlike a casual 'try,' 试验 implies a more structured or purposeful attempt to verify a result. It is composed of two characters: 试 (shì), meaning to try or examine, and 验 (yàn), meaning to check or verify. Together, they form a concept centered on empirical verification.

Core Concept: The act of trialing a new method, product, or theory to see if it functions as intended or to discover its properties.

我们正在对这种新药进行临床试验。 (We are currently conducting clinical trials on this new drug.)

In a broader sense, 试验 is used when the outcome is uncertain and the goal is to find out what will happen. This distinguishes it from 'practice' (练习) or 'demonstration' (演示). Whether it is a scientist in a lab testing a chemical reaction or a developer testing a new software feature, 试验 is the go-to word for 'trial runs.' It carries a sense of formality and technicality that simpler words like '试试' (shìshi) lack.

Etymological Breakdown: The character 试 contains the 'speech' radical (讠), suggesting a query or examination. 验 contains the 'horse' radical (马), historically relating to checking the quality of horses, now generalized to any verification.

经过多次试验，他终于成功了。 (After many trials, he finally succeeded.)

The word is versatile across disciplines. In engineering, it refers to stress tests; in agriculture, it refers to experimental plots; in psychology, it refers to controlled trials. It is the bridge between a hypothesis and a proven fact. When you use 试验, you are emphasizing the process of investigation and the collection of data to reach a conclusion.

Grammatical Role: It functions as both a noun (a trial) and a verb (to test). As a verb, it often takes an object representing the thing being tested.

科学家们在实验室里试验新的能源。 (Scientists are testing new energy sources in the lab.)

这种方法还需要进一步的试验。 (This method still needs further testing.)

Using 试验 (shìyàn) correctly requires understanding its collocation patterns and formal tone. It is most commonly used in professional, scientific, or technical contexts. Unlike the informal '试' (shì), you wouldn't use 试验 to ask someone to try on a shirt. Instead, you use it when discussing a systematic process of evaluation.

Common Verb-Noun Collocations: 进行试验 (conduct a trial), 做试验 (do an experiment), 完成试验 (complete a test), 停止试验 (stop a trial).

我们必须先试验一下这台机器。 (We must test this machine first.)

When 试验 acts as a noun, it often follows verbs like '进行' (to carry out) or '做' (to do). For example, '进行科学试验' (to carry out scientific trials). It can also be modified by adjectives to specify the type of trial, such as '初步试验' (preliminary trial) or '成功试验' (successful trial).

Syntactic Patterns: 1. Subject + 试验 + Object (e.g., 工程师试验新系统)
2. Subject + 对 + Object + 进行试验 (e.g., 医生对新药进行试验)

他们在不同的环境下试验了该设备。 (They tested the equipment in different environments.)

In terms of register, 试验 is formal. In daily conversation, if you want to 'try' something, you use '试' or '尝试'. Use 试验 when you want to sound precise, especially in reports, academic papers, or news broadcasts. It implies a level of rigor and documentation.

这个试验结果非常令人鼓舞。 (The results of this trial are very encouraging.)

Common Modifiers: 反复试验 (repeated trials), 模拟试验 (simulated test), 现场试验 (field trial).

经过反复试验，产品质量得到了保证。 (Through repeated testing, product quality was guaranteed.)

You will encounter 试验 (shìyàn) in several specific environments. Its presence usually signals that something is in a developmental or evaluative phase. Understanding these contexts helps in grasping the word's nuanced meaning beyond a simple dictionary definition.

Scientific & Medical Research: This is the most common domain. Clinical trials (临床试验), laboratory tests, and chemical experiments all use this term. You'll hear it in news reports about new vaccines or medical breakthroughs.

该药物已进入第三期临床试验。 (The drug has entered phase III clinical trials.)

In the tech and manufacturing sectors, 试验 is used for 'beta testing' or 'stress testing' hardware and software. Before a new car model is released, it undergoes '试验' in extreme weather conditions. In software, while '测试' (cèshì) is more common for 'testing,' 试验 is used for experimental features.

Industrial & Technical Contexts: Factories use '试验' to check the durability of materials. Aerospace engineers '试验' rocket engines. It implies a high-stakes, controlled environment.

新型飞机的飞行试验非常成功。 (The flight test of the new aircraft was very successful.)

上海自贸区是一个重要的改革试验田。 (The Shanghai Free Trade Zone is an important experimental field for reform.)

Academic & Educational Settings: In textbooks and schools, students perform '试验' to learn scientific principles. It is the standard term for a school lab experiment.

老师在课堂上演示了一个有趣的化学试验。 (The teacher demonstrated an interesting chemical experiment in class.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 试验 (shìyàn) is confusing it with its near-homophone 实验 (shíyàn). While they look and sound similar, their usage is distinct and mixing them up can make your Chinese sound unnatural or technically incorrect.

试验 vs. 实验: 试验 (shìyàn): Focuses on 'testing' to see if something works or to verify a result (Trial/Test).
实验 (shíyàn): Focuses on 'experimenting' to discover new knowledge or prove a theory (Experiment/Research).

Correct: 我们在试验这台新车。 (Testing the car's performance.)
Correct: 科学家在实验室做物理实验。 (Conducting a physics experiment.)

Another mistake is using 试验 for casual 'trying.' For example, saying '我想试验这件衣服' (I want to test these clothes) is wrong; you should use '试' (shì) or '试穿' (shìchuān). 试验 is reserved for functional testing, not personal preference or fitting.

Misuse of Register: Using 试验 in a very informal setting can sound overly dramatic or robotic. Avoid it when 'try' (试试) or 'attempt' (尝试) is more appropriate.

Wrong: 明天我有数学试验。
Right: 明天我有数学考试。

Finally, learners sometimes forget that 试验 is often paired with '进行' (to conduct). Simply saying '做试验' is fine, but in professional writing, '进行试验' is much more common. Neglecting this collocation can make your writing feel slightly informal for the context.

Grammar Pitfall: Avoid using '试验' as a resultative complement. You don't '做试验好' (do test well); you '试验成功' (test successfully).

To master 试验 (shìyàn), you must distinguish it from several synonyms that share the 'test' or 'try' semantic field. Each has a specific nuance and context.

1. 实验 (shíyàn) - Experiment: While 试验 is a 'trial' to see if something works, 实验 is an 'experiment' to discover or prove scientific laws. 实验 is more theoretical; 试验 is more practical/applied.

化学实验 (Chemistry experiment) vs. 临床试验 (Clinical trial).

2. 测试 (cèshì) - Test/Measurement: Used primarily in technology, software, and psychological measurements. It focuses on checking if a system meets specific standards or measuring a value.

软件测试 (Software testing) vs. 性能试验 (Performance trial).

3. 尝试 (chángshì) - Attempt/Try: A much more general and often personal word. It means to try something new, like a new hobby or a new way of life. It lacks the scientific rigor of 试验.

他决定尝试跳伞。 (He decided to try skydiving.)

4. 检验 (jiǎnyàn) - Inspect/Verify: Focuses on checking something against a standard to see if it passes. Often used for quality control or verifying the truth of a statement.

实践是检验真理的唯一标准。 (Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.)

How Formal Is It?

Niveau de difficulté

Écriture 3/5

Grammaire à connaître

Use of '进行' with two-syllable verbs

Resultative complements with '成功' and '失败'

The '对...进行' structure

Passive voice with '被'

Adverbial modifiers of degree

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Exemples par niveau

他在做科学试验。

He is doing a science test/experiment.

Subject + 在 + 做 + Noun.

我们要试验这台电脑。

We want to test this computer.

Verb '试验' followed by a direct object.

这个试验很简单。

This test is very simple.

Noun '试验' used as a subject.

试验成功了！

The test was successful!

Noun + Adjective/Result.

请试验一下这个方法。

Please test this method.

Imperative use with '一下' for softening.

他在试验新手机。

He is testing a new phone.

Continuous action with '在'.

这是一个好试验。

This is a good test.

Standard 'A is B' structure.

我不喜欢这个试验。

I don't like this test.

Negative sentence with '不'.

工厂正在试验新的机器。

The factory is testing new machines.

Progressive aspect '正在'.

试验结果还没出来。

The test results haven't come out yet.

Noun compound '试验结果'.

我们需要更多的试验。

We need more trials.

Quantifier '更多' modifying '试验'.

他在试验一种新的学习方法。

He is trialing a new learning method.

Abstract object '学习方法'.

试验失败了，但他没放弃。

The trial failed, but he didn't give up.

Conjunction '但' connecting two clauses.

老师让我们自己做试验。

The teacher let us do the experiment ourselves.

Causative verb '让'.

这种试验需要很长时间。

This kind of test takes a long time.

Verb '需要' + duration.

你试验过这个软件吗？

Have you tested this software?

Experiential aspect '过' with question particle '吗'.

这种新药正在进行临床试验。

This new drug is undergoing clinical trials.

Formal construction '进行...试验'.

经过反复试验，他们终于找到了原因。

After repeated trials, they finally found the cause.

Prepositional phrase '经过...'.

这个试验的目的是验证他的理论。

The purpose of this trial is to verify his theory.

Possessive '...的' + '目的'.

试验数据表明这种材料非常坚固。

Trial data shows that this material is very strong.

Subject '试验数据' + verb '表明'.

我们需要在不同环境下试验这个产品。

We need to test this product in different environments.

Locative phrase '在...环境下'.

这次试验为我们提供了宝贵的经验。

This trial provided us with valuable experience.

Verb '提供' + indirect object + direct object.

科学家们停止了这项危险的试验。

Scientists stopped this dangerous trial.

Adjective '危险' modifying '试验'.

他正在为明天的试验做准备。

He is preparing for tomorrow's test.

Structure '为...做准备'.

该地区被选为经济改革的试验区。

This area was chosen as an experimental zone for economic reform.

Passive construction with '被'.

试验过程中出现了一些意想不到的问题。

Some unexpected problems arose during the trial process.

Time phrase '...过程中'.

我们必须严格控制试验的变量。

We must strictly control the variables of the trial.

Adverb '严格' modifying '控制'.

初步试验显示，该方案是可行的。

Preliminary trials show that the plan is feasible.

Compound noun '初步试验'.

试验的成功取决于团队的协作。

The success of the trial depends on the team's collaboration.

Verb '取决于' (depends on).

他发表了一篇关于该试验的学术论文。

He published an academic paper about the trial.

Prepositional phrase '关于...'.

试验结果与之前的预测完全相反。

The trial results were completely opposite to previous predictions.

Structure '与...相反'.

这次试验耗费了大量的人力和物力。

This trial consumed a large amount of manpower and resources.

Verb '耗费' + abstract nouns.

这种试验方法在学术界引起了广泛争议。

This trial method has sparked widespread controversy in academia.

Verb phrase '引起...争议'.

为了确保试验的严谨性，我们采用了双盲法。

To ensure the rigor of the trial, we used a double-blind method.

Purpose clause '为了...'.

试验表明，环境因素对结果有显著影响。

The trial indicates that environmental factors have a significant impact on the results.

Adjective '显著' (significant).

该试验的样本量不足以支持这一结论。

The sample size of the trial is insufficient to support this conclusion.

Structure '不足以' (insufficient to).

他在试验中表现出了极高的专业素养。

He demonstrated extremely high professionalism during the trial.

Verb '表现出' + abstract noun.

试验的局限性使得我们无法得出最终定论。

The limitations of the trial make it impossible for us to reach a final conclusion.

Causative structure '使得...'.

我们需要对试验数据进行多维度的分析。

We need to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the trial data.

Modifier '多维度的'.

该试验标志着我国在这一领域取得了重大突破。

The trial marks a major breakthrough for our country in this field.

Verb '标志着' (marks/signifies).

这项试验的伦理审查过程极其严苛。

The ethical review process for this trial is extremely stringent.

Compound subject '伦理审查过程'.

试验结果的偏差可能源于系统性误差。

The deviation in trial results may stem from systemic errors.

Verb '源于' (stems from).

该试验在某种程度上颠覆了传统的认知。

To some extent, this trial overturned traditional perceptions.

Verb '颠覆' (overturn/subvert).

试验的每一个环节都必须符合国际标准。

Every stage of the trial must comply with international standards.

Verb '符合' (comply with).

通过这项试验，我们得以窥见微观世界的奥秘。

Through this trial, we were able to catch a glimpse of the mysteries of the microscopic world.

Verb '得以' (be able to/manage to).

试验的失败往往是通向成功的必经之路。

The failure of a trial is often the necessary path to success.

Metaphorical use of '必经之路'.

我们需要对试验的长期影响进行持续监测。

We need to continuously monitor the long-term effects of the trial.

Verb '监测' (monitor).

该试验的成功不仅是技术的胜利，更是意志的胜利。

The success of this trial is not only a victory of technology but also a victory of will.

Correlative conjunction '不仅...更是...'.

Collocations courantes

进行试验 (conduct a trial)

临床试验 (clinical trial)

反复试验 (repeated trials)

试验结果 (trial results)

试验阶段 (trial stage)

初步试验 (preliminary trial)

试验成功 (successful trial)

试验失败 (failed trial)

试验数据 (trial data)

模拟试验 (simulated test)

Phrases Courantes

试验田 (experimental field)

试验区 (experimental zone)

试验品 (trial product)

试验性 (experimental nature)

核试验 (nuclear test)

飞行试验 (flight test)

对比试验 (comparative trial)

小规模试验 (small-scale trial)

现场试验 (field trial)

压力试验 (stress test)

Souvent confondu avec

试验 vs 实验 (shíyàn) - Experiment

试验 vs 考试 (kǎoshì) - Exam

试验 vs 尝试 (chángshì) - Attempt

Expressions idiomatiques

"屡试不爽 (lǚ shì bù shuǎng) - Tested many times and never failed."

"小试牛刀 (xiǎo shì niú dāo) - A small display of one's great talent."

"试金石 (shì jīn shí) - Touchstone; a test of quality or character."

"身先士卒 (shēn xiān shì zú) - To lead by example (often in a trial)."

"百炼成钢 (bǎi liàn chéng gāng) - Tempered into steel (through trials)."

"磨刀不误砍柴工 (mó dāo bù wù kǎn chái gōng) - Sharpening the axe won't delay the woodcutting (preparation as a trial)."

"真金不怕火炼 (zhēn jīn bù pà huǒ liàn) - True gold fears no fire (true quality stands the test)."

"患难见真情 (huàn nàn jiàn zhēn qíng) - Adversity reveals true feelings (a trial of friendship)."

"路遥知马力 (lù yáo zhī mǎ lì) - A long road tests a horse's strength."

"日久见人心 (rì jiǔ jiàn rén xīn) - Time reveals a person's heart."

Facile à confondre

试验 vs

Structures de phrases

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Comment l'utiliser

noun usage

Commonly used as the subject or object of a sentence.

verb usage

Can be used to describe testing a theory or a physical object.

distinction

Always distinguish from '考试' (school exam).

Erreurs courantes

Confusing 试验 with 实验.
Using 试验 for casual 'trying'.
Using 试验 for school exams.
Forgetting to use '进行' in formal contexts.
Mispronouncing the tones as 1st or 2nd tone.

Astuces

Using '进行'

Always pair '试验' with '进行' in formal writing to sound professional.

Trial vs Experiment

Remember: 试验 = Trial (Practical), 实验 = Experiment (Theoretical).

Tone Mastery

Both characters are 4th tone. Make them sharp and falling.

Workplace Usage

Use '试验' when discussing new workflows or product prototypes.

HSK Tip

This word often appears in reading sections about science and technology.

Pilot Zones

Understand '试验区' to follow Chinese economic news.

Academic Style

Use '试验数据' to refer to the data collected during a trial.

Distinguishing Sounds

Listen for the 'yàn' vs 'yàn' (they sound the same, so focus on 'shì' vs 'shí').

Softening

Add '一下' after the verb '试验' to make a suggestion sound polite.

Visualizing

Visualize a 'Trial' in a courtroom for '试验' (even though it's not the same kind of trial, the 'T' helps).

Mémorise-le

Origine du mot

Contexte culturel

Science education in China emphasizes '试验' as a core part of the curriculum.

The word is deeply linked to the 1980s economic changes.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Amorces de conversation

"你最近在试验什么新方法吗？"

"你觉得这个试验会成功吗？"

"这个试验的结果对你重要吗？"

"我们在学校做过哪些有趣的试验？"

"这种新药的试验需要多久？"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一次你试验新事物的经历。

如果你可以做一个科学试验，你会做什么？

谈谈试验失败对你的启发。

为什么在做决定之前进行试验很重要？

你如何看待在动物身上进行试验？

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

试验 is a 'trial' to see if something works (practical). 实验 is an 'experiment' to prove a theory (scientific).

No, use 考试 (kǎoshì) for school exams and 测验 (cèyàn) for quizzes.

It is both. You can say 'to test' (verb) or 'a test' (noun).

It is 临床试验 (línchuáng shìyàn).

No, use 试穿 (shìchuān) or just 试 (shì).

Yes, it is more formal than the single character 试.

It literally means 'experimental field,' but often refers to a pilot project.

You can use '反复试验' (repeated trials) or '试错' (shìcuò).

Generally no, unless it's a formal trial of their skills or a medical trial.

There isn't a direct opposite, but '应用' (application) or '实践' (practice) are often contrasted with it.

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