湿度 en 30 secondes
- 湿度 (shīdù) is a noun meaning 'humidity,' representing the amount of water vapor in the air or moisture in a substance.
- It is commonly used in weather reports, health discussions, and technical contexts like museum preservation or industrial manufacturing.
- Key verbs used with it include 测量 (measure), 调节 (regulate), 增加 (increase), and 降低 (decrease).
- It differs from 潮湿 (damp/humid), which is an adjective used to describe a feeling or state.
The Chinese term 湿度 (shīdù) is a compound noun that translates directly to 'humidity' in English. Etymologically, it is composed of two characters: 湿 (shī), meaning wet, damp, or moist, and 度 (dù), meaning degree, measure, or limit. Together, they represent the 'degree of wetness' in the air or within a specific material. In daily life, this word is most frequently encountered in the context of meteorology, interior climate control, and health. When you check your weather app in the morning, the percentage you see next to the water droplet icon is the 湿度. It is a critical concept in Chinese culture because the country spans diverse climatic zones, from the bone-dry deserts of the northwest to the oppressive, tropical moisture of the south. Understanding 湿度 is essential for discussing comfort, health, and even the preservation of food and historical artifacts.
- Meteorological Context
- In weather reports, the term 'relative humidity' is expressed as 相对湿度 (xiāngduì shīdù). This is the most common way people interact with the word, often complaining that high humidity makes the heat feel 'muggy' (闷热, mēnrè).
- Indoor Environment
- In modern smart homes, devices like humidifiers (加湿器, jiāshīqì) and dehumidifiers (除湿机, chúshījī) are used to regulate the 湿度 to ensure a healthy living environment, typically between 40% and 60%.
- Scientific Application
- In industrial and laboratory settings, 湿度 refers to the precise water vapor content in gases or the moisture content in solids, requiring specialized sensors called 湿度计 (shīdùjì).
这里的空气湿度非常高，让人感觉很不舒服。(The air humidity here is very high, making one feel very uncomfortable.)
Furthermore, 湿度 plays a significant role in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). While TCM often talks about 'dampness' (湿气, shīqì) as an internal pathogen, the external 湿度 of the environment is seen as a contributing factor to various ailments, such as joint pain or digestive issues. Therefore, when a Chinese person talks about 湿度, they might be thinking about their physical well-being just as much as the weather. Whether you are adjusting your air conditioner, drying your laundry, or visiting a museum where delicate silk paintings are kept at a constant 湿度, this word is ubiquitous in the Sinosphere. It bridges the gap between scientific measurement and everyday lived experience, making it a vital addition to your B2-level vocabulary.
Using 湿度 (shīdù) correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a noun. It often functions as the subject or object of a sentence, and it is frequently modified by adjectives like 高 (gāo, high), 低 (dī, low), 适宜 (shìyí, suitable), or 恒定 (héngdìng, constant). Unlike English, where 'humidity' can sometimes be used loosely, Chinese distinguishes strictly between the measurement (湿度) and the state of being damp (潮湿). To master this word, you should focus on the verbs that interact with it, such as 测量 (cèliáng, to measure), 调节 (tiáojié, to regulate), 增加 (zēngjiā, to increase), and 降低 (jiàngdī, to reduce).
- Describing the Level
- To describe the level of humidity, use the structure: [Place/Object] + 的 + 湿度 + [Adjective]. For example: '房间里的湿度很高' (The humidity in the room is high).
- Action-Oriented Sentences
- When talking about changing the humidity, the verb comes before the noun. Example: '我们需要降低实验室的湿度' (We need to lower the humidity of the laboratory).
这种植物对环境湿度的要求非常苛刻。(This plant has very strict requirements for environmental humidity.)
Another common pattern involves the use of 保持 (bǎochí, to maintain). In museums or high-tech manufacturing plants, maintaining a specific humidity level is crucial. You will often hear: '保持恒定的湿度' (Maintain constant humidity). In more technical contexts, you will see 湿度 combined with prefixes or suffixes. For instance, 相对湿度 (relative humidity) and 绝对湿度 (absolute humidity) are common in scientific papers and weather forecasts. If you are describing a feeling, you might say '湿度太大' (the humidity is too great), which implies a sense of physical burden. Remember that 湿度 is rarely used to describe people directly; you wouldn't say a person is 'humid.' Instead, you describe the environment around them or the impact the 湿度 has on them, such as making their hair frizzy or their skin feel sticky.
You will encounter 湿度 (shīdù) in a variety of real-world scenarios in China. The most frequent is the daily weather forecast (天气预报, tiānqì yùbào). On television or mobile apps like Moji Weather, the 湿度 is listed alongside temperature and wind speed. During the 'Plum Rain' season (梅雨季节, méiyǔ jìjié) in the Yangtze River Delta, the word 湿度 is on everyone's lips as people struggle with moldy clothes and damp walls. You will also hear it in commercial settings. Salespeople in electronics stores will use it to sell humidifiers or air purifiers, explaining how the device can '自动调节湿度' (automatically adjust humidity) to protect your lungs and skin.
各位旅客，目前上海的温度为28度，湿度为85%。(Dear passengers, the current temperature in Shanghai is 28 degrees with 85% humidity.)
In the workplace, particularly in industries like semiconductor manufacturing, printing, or food processing, 湿度 is a critical parameter. Engineers will discuss '湿度控制' (humidity control) as a matter of quality assurance. In the medical field, doctors might advise patients with respiratory issues to pay attention to the 湿度 in their bedrooms. Even in the beauty industry, skincare experts talk about how environmental 湿度 affects the skin's moisture barrier, often using the term in commercials for hydrating creams. If you visit a gym or a yoga studio, you might see a digital display showing the temperature and 湿度 to ensure optimal training conditions. Finally, in the world of art and history, curators at the Palace Museum in Beijing or the National Palace Museum in Taipei constantly monitor 湿度 to prevent the degradation of ancient paper and silk scrolls. In all these contexts, 湿度 is treated as a precise, measurable, and manageable factor of the environment.
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make when learning 湿度 (shīdù) is confusing it with the adjective 潮湿 (cháoshī). While both relate to water vapor, 湿度 is the noun 'humidity' (the measurement), whereas 潮湿 is the adjective 'humid' or 'damp' (the state). You can say '湿度很高' (humidity is high), but you cannot say '空气很湿度' (the air is very humidity). Instead, you would say '空气很潮湿' (the air is very humid). Another common error is using 湿度 to describe something that is physically wet with liquid water, like a wet towel. In that case, you should use 湿 (shī) or 打湿了 (dǎshī le). 湿度 is specifically for the concentration of vapor in the air or moisture content in a material.
- Confusing 湿度 and 湿气
- In Traditional Chinese Medicine, 湿气 (shīqì) refers to internal dampness or a general sense of moisture in the air. 湿度 is the scientific measurement. Don't tell a doctor your '湿度' is high if you mean you feel sluggish due to internal dampness.
- Incorrect Verb Choice
- Learners often use 大 (dà, big) or 小 (xiǎo, small) for humidity levels. While '湿度很大' is acceptable in colloquial speech, '湿度很高' (gāo, high) and '湿度很低' (dī, low) are more standard and precise.
Additionally, some learners confuse 湿度 with 水分 (shuǐfèn). 水分 refers to the 'moisture content' or 'water content' within an object (like the water in an apple or skin), while 湿度 primarily refers to the air. While there is overlap in technical contexts, using them interchangeably in daily conversation can sound unnatural. Lastly, remember that 湿度 is a neutral term. It doesn't imply 'good' or 'bad' on its own. To express that it is uncomfortably humid, you need to add modifiers like '过高' (too high) or '让人难受' (making one feel uncomfortable).
To broaden your vocabulary, it is helpful to compare 湿度 (shīdù) with its synonyms and related terms. Each has a specific nuance and register.
- 潮湿 (cháoshī)
- This is an adjective. Use it to describe things or places that feel damp. Example: '地下室很潮湿' (The basement is very damp).
- 湿润 (shīrùn)
- This is a positive adjective, often translated as 'moist' or 'humid' in a pleasant way. It is used for air after rain or for well-hydrated skin. Example: '空气清新湿润' (The air is fresh and moist).
- 水分 (shuǐfèn)
- Refers to the water content inside something. Example: '这种水果的水分很多' (This fruit has a lot of water content).
- 湿气 (shīqì)
- A more colloquial or TCM-related term for 'dampness' or 'moisture'.
When choosing between these, consider the context. If you are reading a technical manual or a weather report, stick with 湿度. If you are writing a poem about a misty morning, 湿润 is much more evocative. If you are complaining about your clothes not drying, 潮湿 is your best bet. Understanding these distinctions will help you sound more like a native speaker and less like a textbook.
How Formal Is It?
Le savais-tu ?
In ancient China, before digital sensors, people measured humidity using a 'charcoal scale' (炭包), where charcoal would gain weight as it absorbed moisture from the air.
Guide de prononciation
- Pronouncing 'shī' like 'si' (avoiding the retroflex).
- Using a rising tone for 'dù' instead of a falling tone.
- Confusing 'shī' with 'shì' (to be).
- Failing to sustain the high pitch of the 1st tone in 'shī'.
- Merging the two syllables into one sound.
Niveau de difficulté
Characters are moderately complex but common.
The character 湿 has many strokes and requires practice.
Pronunciation is straightforward once tones are mastered.
Distinct sound, easy to pick out in weather reports.
Quoi apprendre ensuite
Prérequis
Apprends ensuite
Avancé
Grammaire à connaître
Using '比' for comparisons of level.
今天的湿度比昨天高。
Subject-Adjective structure with '很'.
湿度很大。
Using '导致' for cause and effect.
高湿度导致发霉。
Resultative complements with verbs.
湿度降下来了。
Noun-modifying phrases with '的'.
理想的湿度是50%。
Exemples par niveau
今天的湿度是50%。
Today's humidity is 50%.
Simple 'A is B' structure.
这里的湿度很高。
The humidity here is very high.
Using '很' to modify the adjective '高'.
我不喜欢高湿度。
I don't like high humidity.
Using '高湿度' as a compound noun object.
湿度是多少？
What is the humidity?
Question using '多少'.
北京的湿度比较低。
The humidity in Beijing is relatively low.
Using '比较' for comparison.
室内湿度很舒服。
The indoor humidity is very comfortable.
Subject-predicate structure.
湿度计在哪里？
Where is the humidity meter?
Using the noun '湿度计'.
夏天湿度大。
Humidity is high in summer.
Colloquial use of '大' for high levels.
南方的湿度比北方大得多。
The humidity in the south is much higher than in the north.
Comparison using '比...得多'.
如果湿度太高，衣服很难干。
If the humidity is too high, clothes are hard to dry.
Conditional '如果...就' (implied).
你需要一个加湿器来增加湿度。
You need a humidifier to increase the humidity.
Using '来' to show purpose.
这种天气湿度很大，让人想睡觉。
The humidity is high in this weather, making people want to sleep.
Using '让' as a causative verb.
请检查一下房间的湿度。
Please check the humidity of the room.
Polite command with '请'.
昨天的湿度比今天低。
Yesterday's humidity was lower than today's.
Time-based comparison.
湿度对植物很重要。
Humidity is very important for plants.
Using '对...很重要'.
我们要保持适当的湿度。
We need to maintain appropriate humidity.
Using '保持' and '适当'.
医生建议保持室内湿度在40%到60%之间。
The doctor suggests keeping indoor humidity between 40% and 60%.
Using '在...之间' to show range.
由于湿度增加，空气变得很闷热。
Due to the increase in humidity, the air has become very muggy.
Using '由于' to show cause.
这种除湿机可以有效地降低室内湿度。
This dehumidifier can effectively reduce indoor humidity.
Using '有效地' as an adverb.
湿度不仅影响舒适度，还影响健康。
Humidity not only affects comfort but also health.
Using '不仅...还...'.
在梅雨季节，空气中的湿度几乎达到饱和。
During the Plum Rain season, the humidity in the air almost reaches saturation.
Using '几乎' and '达到'.
我们需要测量不同高度的湿度。
We need to measure the humidity at different heights.
Using '测量' as a verb.
空气湿度太低会导致皮肤干燥。
Low air humidity can lead to dry skin.
Using '导致' to show result.
这个博物馆对湿度控制非常严格。
This museum is very strict about humidity control.
Using '对...非常严格'.
相对湿度是衡量空气潮湿程度的重要指标。
Relative humidity is an important indicator for measuring the degree of air dampness.
Formal definition structure.
湿度传感器在工业自动化中起着关键作用。
Humidity sensors play a key role in industrial automation.
Using '在...中起着...作用'.
随着湿度的波动，木制家具可能会开裂。
As humidity fluctuates, wooden furniture may crack.
Using '随着' to show simultaneous change.
温室的湿度必须保持在恒定水平。
The humidity of the greenhouse must be maintained at a constant level.
Using '必须' and '恒定'.
湿度对降水预测具有显著影响。
Humidity has a significant impact on precipitation forecasting.
Using '对...具有...影响'.
通过调节湿度，我们可以延长食品的保质期。
By adjusting the humidity, we can extend the shelf life of food.
Using '通过...可以...' to show means.
该地区的平均湿度逐年上升。
The average humidity in this region is rising year by year.
Using '逐年' to mean 'year by year'.
在某些化学反应中，湿度是一个不可忽视的变量。
In certain chemical reactions, humidity is a variable that cannot be ignored.
Using '不可忽视' as an adjective phrase.
大气湿度的变化直接影响到全球气候变暖的速率。
Changes in atmospheric humidity directly affect the rate of global warming.
Complex subject with '直接影响到'.
为了保护这些古籍，展厅内必须实现恒温恒湿。
To protect these ancient books, constant temperature and humidity must be achieved in the exhibition hall.
Using '实现' with a four-character technical term.
湿度梯度的分布对于研究降水机制至关重要。
The distribution of humidity gradients is crucial for studying precipitation mechanisms.
Using '对于...至关重要'.
该项研究探讨了土壤湿度与作物产量之间的相关性。
The study explored the correlation between soil moisture and crop yield.
Using '探讨' and '相关性'.
在高湿度的环境下，金属材料极易发生电化学腐蚀。
In a high-humidity environment, metal materials are extremely prone to electrochemical corrosion.
Using '极易' and technical terminology.
通过对历史湿度数据的分析，我们可以还原古代的气候状况。
By analyzing historical humidity data, we can reconstruct ancient climate conditions.
Using '还原' to mean 'reconstruct' or 'restore'.
室内湿度过低不仅引发呼吸道不适，还会加剧静电现象。
Low indoor humidity not only causes respiratory discomfort but also exacerbates static electricity.
Using '加剧' for negative intensification.
湿度计的灵敏度决定了测量结果的准确性。
The sensitivity of the hygrometer determines the accuracy of the measurement results.
Using '决定了' as a causative link.
湿度作为热力学参数，在模拟大气环流模型中占据核心地位。
As a thermodynamic parameter, humidity occupies a core position in simulating atmospheric circulation models.
Using '作为...在...中占据...地位'.
微观层面的湿度波动可能诱发精密仪器的结构性失效。
Micro-level humidity fluctuations may induce structural failure in precision instruments.
Using '诱发' and '结构性失效'.
该论文深入剖析了相对湿度对气溶胶光学性质的调控机制。
The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the regulatory mechanism of relative humidity on the optical properties of aerosols.
Using '深入剖析' and '调控机制'.
在极端湿度条件下，材料的蠕变行为表现出显著的非线性特征。
Under extreme humidity conditions, the creep behavior of materials exhibits significant non-linear characteristics.
Using '蠕变行为' and '非线性特征'.
湿度补偿技术是提升传感器在复杂环境下鲁棒性的关键。
Humidity compensation technology is key to improving the robustness of sensors in complex environments.
Using '鲁棒性' (robustness).
通过建立动态湿度监测系统，工厂实现了生产环境的智能化管理。
By establishing a dynamic humidity monitoring system, the factory has achieved intelligent management of the production environment.
Using '智能化管理'.
湿度与气温的耦合效应是导致热浪期间死亡率上升的主因。
The coupling effect of humidity and temperature is the main cause of increased mortality during heatwaves.
Using '耦合效应' (coupling effect).
在跨尺度水文模型中，土壤湿度的时空演变具有高度的复杂性。
In cross-scale hydrological models, the spatio-temporal evolution of soil moisture is highly complex.
Using '时空演变' (spatio-temporal evolution).
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— Humidity is too high. Used to describe uncomfortable or damaging conditions.
湿度过高会导致发霉。
— Humidity is suitable. Used to describe comfortable or ideal conditions.
这里的湿度适宜居住。
— Constant temperature and humidity. A technical requirement for labs and museums.
档案室要求恒温恒湿。
— Humidity is decreasing. Often heard in weather reports.
预计午后湿度会下降。
— Humidity is saturated. Meaning the air can't hold more water vapor.
当湿度饱和时，雾气就会产生。
— High humidity environment. Used in biology or material science.
这种细菌在高温高湿度环境下生长快。
— To lower the humidity. A common goal of dehumidifiers.
开窗通风可以降低湿度。
— To increase the humidity. A common goal of humidifiers.
冬天需要增加室内湿度。
— Humidity indicator/index. Used in technical monitoring.
湿度指标超过了安全范围。
— Environmental humidity. A general term for the humidity around something.
环境湿度对油漆干燥有影响。
Souvent confondu avec
Temperature. Often mentioned together, but distinct measurements.
Damp/Humid. An adjective, whereas 湿度 is a noun.
Dampness. More colloquial or medical (TCM).
Expressions idiomatiques
— Favorable weather (wind and rain). Implies the right balance of humidity and rain for crops.
希望明年风调雨顺。
Formal/Literary— To handle dry flour with wet hands. Metaphor for someone who makes things messy or gets into trouble.
你这是湿手打干面，越弄越乱。
Colloquial— A specific weather phenomenon in South China where humidity is extremely high.
回南天的时候，地板都是湿的。
Regional— To have a sweet rain after a long drought. Metaphor for a timely blessing.
这笔奖金对他来说真是久旱逢甘露。
Literary— Moistening things silently. Describes a teacher's or parent's subtle, positive influence.
老师的教诲如春雨般润物无声。
Poetic— Like a fish in water. Implies being in a perfectly suitable (humid/wet) environment.
他在新公司如鱼得水。
Idiomatic— Sweat streaming down one's back. Often caused by high humidity and heat.
由于湿度大，他干了一会儿活就汗流浃背。
Descriptive— Clouds and mist disperse. Implies a change in humidity/weather.
真相大白，一切云消雾散。
Literary— Dripping water wears through stone. Persistence pays off.
只要有水滴石穿的精神，就能成功。
Inspirational— A pavilion near the water. Being in a favorable position to get something first.
他住在公司旁边，真是近水楼台。
IdiomaticFacile à confondre
Both refer to moisture.
湿度 is a noun (measurement); 潮湿 is an adjective (state).
空气很潮湿 (Air is damp) vs 湿度很高 (Humidity is high).
Both relate to water content.
湿度 is for air/gas; 水分 is for solids/liquids/organisms.
水果的水分
Structures de phrases
湿度 + [Number]%
湿度 60%。
湿度 + 很 + [Adjective]
湿度很高。
[Place] + 的 + 湿度 + 是 + [Number]%
房间的湿度是45%。
调节 + [Object] + 的 + 湿度
调节室内的湿度。
保持 + 恒定的 + 湿度
保持恒定的湿度。
随着 + 湿度的 + [Change]
随着湿度的增加。
对 + 湿度 + 进行 + [Action]
对湿度进行实时监测。
湿度 + 表现出 + [Characteristic]
湿度表现出明显的季节性波动。
Famille de mots
Noms
Verbes
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Comment l'utiliser
Common in weather-related and home-life contexts.
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Think of 'shī' as the sound of 'steam' rising from a 'wet' surface, and 'dù' as the 'do' (degree) on a thermometer.
Association visuelle
Imagine a water droplet (氵) next to a ruler or a scale (度). The droplet is being measured for its level.
Word Web
Défi
Try to use 湿度 in a sentence comparing the climate of your hometown with the city you are currently in.
Origine du mot
The character 湿 (shī) originally depicted water flowing over land, indicating wetness. The traditional form is 濕, containing the water radical (氵) and elements representing silk and sun, suggesting drying wet silk. 度 (dù) originally meant a measurement or a rule, depicting a hand holding a measuring tool.
Sens originel : The degree or measurement of wetness.
Sino-Tibetan (Mandarin Chinese).Contexte culturel
No specific sensitivities, but be aware that 'dampness' (湿气) in a medical context is a sensitive health topic in TCM.
In English-speaking countries, people often discuss humidity in terms of 'frizz' (hair) or 'stickiness' (skin).
Pratique dans la vie réelle
Contextes réels
Weather Forecast
- 相对湿度
- 湿度高达
- 湿度下降
- 空气潮湿
Home Appliance Use
- 调节湿度
- 加湿器
- 除湿机
- 设定湿度
Health and Skincare
- 室内湿度
- 对皮肤好
- 湿度适宜
- 干燥感
Agriculture
- 土壤湿度
- 作物生长
- 灌溉
- 监测
Museum/Storage
- 恒温恒湿
- 文物保护
- 严格控制
- 防霉
Amorces de conversation
"你觉得现在的湿度舒服吗？"
"你家里的湿度计显示多少？"
"在你的家乡，夏天的湿度高吗？"
"你觉得湿度对你的头发有影响吗？"
"你用加湿器还是除湿机？"
Sujets d'écriture
描述一下你经历过的最潮湿的一天。
你更喜欢干燥的气候还是湿润的气候？为什么？
写一段关于湿度如何影响你睡眠的文字。
想象你是一个湿度计，记录你一天的观察。
讨论湿度对你所在城市建筑的影响。
Summary
湿度 (shīdù) is the essential Chinese word for 'humidity.' It is a formal noun used to quantify moisture levels. Example: '今天的湿度高达90%' (Today's humidity is as high as 90%), showing its use in describing environmental conditions.
- 湿度 (shīdù) is a noun meaning 'humidity,' representing the amount of water vapor in the air or moisture in a substance.
- It is commonly used in weather reports, health discussions, and technical contexts like museum preservation or industrial manufacturing.
- Key verbs used with it include 测量 (measure), 调节 (regulate), 增加 (increase), and 降低 (decrease).
- It differs from 潮湿 (damp/humid), which is an adjective used to describe a feeling or state.
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B2Travailler de neuf à cinq; des horaires de bureau réguliers.
未免
B2Un peu trop; vraiment (implique un excès). 'Ce prix est un peu trop élevé.'
废弃
B2Abandonner ou cesser d'utiliser quelque chose de manière définitive (comme une usine ou une loi).
恪守
B2To scrupulously observe; to strictly adhere to.
反常
B2Le temps est très anormal cette année. (Ce mot décrit une déviation de la norme.)
充裕
B2Abondant; ample. On l'utilise souvent pour parler du temps ou de l'argent.
充沛
B2Abondant; plein d'énergie. Par exemple: 'Il est plein d'énergie (精力充沛)'.
门禁卡
B2Une carte d'accès utilisée pour ouvrir les portes électroniques dans les bâtiments.
门禁
B2Access control (system).
配件
B2Fittings; accessories; spare parts.
