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B2 noun 10 min de lecture

范本

fàn běn

Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces 范本 en 30 secondes

Explication 范本 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '范本' in complex ways. Think of it simply as a 'good example book' or a 'master copy.' Imagine you are learning to write Chinese characters. The book that shows you exactly how to draw the lines is a '范本.' It is a special kind of example that you try to copy exactly. At this stage, just remember that '范' means model and '本' means book. So, it's a 'model book.' You might hear a teacher say, 'Look at this 范本,' meaning look at this perfect version of the homework. It's a noun. You use it when you are talking about something you want to copy to make your own work better. It is more formal than the word '例子' (example), so it's usually used for things like writing or art. Don't worry about using it in long sentences yet. Just recognize it when you see it in a classroom or a textbook.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '范本' to talk about templates for your studies. For example, if you need to write a letter in Chinese, you can ask your teacher for a '范本' (a model letter). This word is very helpful when you want to say 'I am following a pattern.' You can say, '我参考了这个范本' (I referred to this model). The word '范本' helps you sound more professional than just saying 'example.' It suggests that the thing you are looking at is the 'correct' or 'standard' way to do something. You will often see this word in the titles of books, like '作文范本' (Model Essay Book). Remember that it is a noun, and you can use the measure word '份' (fèn) if it's a document, like '一份范本.' It's a step up from basic vocabulary and shows you understand the idea of a standard format.

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '范本' in various contexts, especially in work or school environments. You can use it to describe templates for emails, reports, or legal documents. You might say, '公司提供了一个邮件范本' (The company provided an email template). At this level, you can also start using the structure '以...为范本' (using... as a model). For example, '我以这个报告为范本写了我的总结' (I wrote my summary using this report as a model). This shows you can link ideas and explain your process. You should also understand the difference between '范本' and '模板' (múbǎn). While '模板' is often used for digital things like PowerPoint, '范本' is used for the content and style of a document. It implies that the example has high quality and should be emulated. It's a very useful word for describing how you maintain standards in your work.

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At the B2 level (the level of this word), you are expected to use '范本' with precision in professional and formal discussions. You should understand its nuance as an 'authoritative specimen.' In a business meeting, you might argue that a certain contract should serve as the '范本' for all future deals because it is comprehensive and legally sound. You can use it to describe abstract concepts too, like a '行为范本' (model of behavior) or a '管理范本' (management model). You should be able to distinguish '范本' from '典范' (exemplar/paragon) and '榜样' (role model). '范本' is the practical, structural model, while '典范' is the peak of excellence, and '榜样' is usually for people. You can use it in more complex sentences like, '这份判决书为今后的类似案件提供了法律范本' (This judgment provided a legal template for similar cases in the future). Your usage should reflect an understanding of standardization and professional excellence.

At the C1 level, you should use '范本' to discuss systemic structures, literary archetypes, and historical precedents. You might analyze how a certain classical poem became the '范本' for an entire genre of literature, influencing centuries of writers. The word here implies a foundational influence that defines a category. You can use it in critical analysis: '该作品不仅是文学创作的范本，更是当时社会心态的缩影' (This work is not only a model for literary creation but also a microcosm of the social mindset of the time). You should also be aware of its use in calligraphy (法帖范本) and how the concept of 'copying the model' (临摹) is central to Chinese aesthetic philosophy. Your use of '范本' should feel natural in high-level academic or professional writing, where you are discussing the establishment or following of rigorous standards. You understand that a '范本' is not just a tool, but a cultural or professional benchmark.

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At the C2 level, your command of '范本' should be indistinguishable from a native speaker's, including its most subtle and sophisticated applications. You can use it to discuss the 'paradigmatic' nature of certain social or scientific models. In a philosophical or sociological debate, you might discuss whether a particular political system can truly serve as a '范本' for other nations, considering cultural differences. You can use it metaphorically and with irony if necessary. You understand its deep history, from the bronze molds of the Zhou dynasty to the digital templates of the 21st century. You can effortlessly switch between '范本,' '准则' (criterion), '规范' (norm), and '典型' (typical case) to express exact shades of meaning. For you, '范本' is a versatile tool for discussing the very idea of structure, imitation, and the tension between following a standard and innovating beyond it. You can write complex critiques where '范本' is used to define the boundaries of a field or the evolution of a style.

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Entraîne-toi Exemples Notes et astuces

范本 en 30 secondes

A 范本 (fànběn) is a standard model or template used for imitation, especially in legal, academic, and professional writing contexts.
It differs from a simple example (例子) because it carries authority and is intended to be copied as a perfect version.
Commonly used in phrases like '合同范本' (contract template) and '写作范本' (writing model) to ensure quality and consistency.
In calligraphy, it refers to masterworks that students copy to learn proper technique and style over many years.

The Chinese noun 范本 (fànběn) represents a fascinating intersection of physical craftsmanship and abstract idealism. At its core, the word refers to a model, template, or master copy that serves as a definitive standard for others to follow. Unlike a simple example (例子), a 范本 carries the weight of authority and perfection. It is the 'gold standard' or the 'archetypal document' that one uses to ensure consistency and quality across subsequent versions. Whether you are drafting a complex legal contract, practicing calligraphy, or looking for a literary masterpiece to emulate, you are looking for a 范本.

The Etymological Root: The character 范 (fàn) originally referred to a mold used in ancient bronze casting. Just as a physical mold determines the shape and detail of every vessel poured into it, a 范本 determines the structure and content of the works derived from it. The second character, 本 (běn), refers to a book, a root, or a primary source. Together, they create the concept of a 'root mold' or a 'source template.'
Professional Contexts: In the modern professional world, 范本 is ubiquitous in law and business. A '合同范本' (hé tóng fàn běn) is a standard contract template that has been vetted by legal experts. Using such a template reduces risk and ensures that all necessary clauses are included. In education, a '作文范本' (zuò wén fàn běn) is a model essay that students study to understand high-level structure, vocabulary, and logic. It is not just an example; it is the ideal version of what an essay should be.
Abstract and Social Application: Beyond physical documents, the term can describe behaviors or social structures. While '榜样' (bǎng yàng) is more common for individuals acting as role models, 范本 can describe a system or a way of life that serves as a blueprint. For instance, a successful urban development project might be called a '城市发展的范本' (a model for city development), suggesting that other cities should copy its structural and logistical successes.

这篇文章被公认为是说明文的写作范本。
(This article is widely recognized as a model for writing explanatory essays.)

公司提供了一份标准的合同范本，以确保所有协议的合法性。
(The company provided a standard contract template to ensure the legality of all agreements.)

他的这种生活方式成为了许多年轻人追求幸福的范本。
(His lifestyle has become a model for many young people in their pursuit of happiness.)

在法律界，这份判决书被视为处理此类案件的范本。
(In the legal profession, this judgment is regarded as a template for handling such cases.)

这本教科书是编纂教学大纲的极佳范本。
(This textbook is an excellent model for compiling a teaching syllabus.)

Using 范本 correctly involves understanding its role as a noun that sets a standard. It usually appears as the object of a verb (like '提供', '参考', or '制定') or as the head of a noun phrase modified by an adjective or another noun. In many cases, it functions similarly to 'template' or 'exemplar' in English. To sound natural, you must pair it with contexts that involve replication, imitation, or standardization.

As a Direct Object: When a company or institution creates a standard document, they '制定' (zhì dìng - formulate) or '提供' (tí gōng - provide) a 范本. For example: '政府制定了房屋租赁合同的范本' (The government formulated a model for house rental contracts). Here, the 范本 is the result of a standardization process.
In Comparative Structures: You can use '以...为范本' (yǐ... wéi fàn běn) to mean 'using [something] as a model.' This is a very common B2-level structure. For instance: '这部电影以真实的历史事件为范本进行创作' (This movie was created using real historical events as a model). This indicates the source of inspiration or the structural basis for a new creation.
Descriptive Usage: When something is so perfect it should be copied, we call it a '完美的范本' (wán měi de fàn běn). This is often heard in art or design critiques. '他的设计方案是现代简约风格的范本' (His design proposal is a model of modern minimalist style). In this context, the word elevates the subject to the status of a masterpiece.

请参考我们提供的申请信范本来撰写你的初稿。
(Please refer to the application letter model we provided to write your first draft.)

这套管理体系已经成为了同行业公司效仿的范本。
(This management system has become a model for other companies in the same industry to emulate.)

虽然这只是一个范本，但你还是需要根据实际情况进行修改。
(Although this is just a template, you still need to make modifications based on the actual situation.)

这幅画被后世画家奉为山水画的范本。
(This painting was revered by later painters as a model for landscape painting.)

If you are working in an office in Beijing, studying at a university in Shanghai, or navigating the legal system in Taipei, you will encounter 范本 frequently. It is a word of high utility in structured environments where 'getting it right' depends on following a proven format. Here is a breakdown of the specific domains where 范本 is the standard term of choice.

The Legal and Administrative World: In law, '范本' is the term for a specimen or a standard form. When you go to a government website to download a '房屋买卖合同范本' (Model House Purchase Contract), you are getting a document that has been legally cleared. Lawyers often say, '我们可以参考现有的范本' (We can refer to existing templates) to save time and ensure compliance. It suggests a document that is safe, standard, and authoritative.
Academic and Educational Settings: Teachers use 范本 to show students what an 'A' grade looks like. A '范文' (fàn wén) is a specific type of 范本—a model essay. In university, professors might provide a '论文格式范本' (Model Thesis Format) to ensure all students use the correct citation style and margins. In this context, the word implies a pedagogical tool used for imitation and learning.
Corporate and Professional Communication: In the corporate world, branding and communication rely on 范本. A company might have a '邮件范本' (Email template) for customer service to maintain a consistent brand voice. HR departments use '员工评价范本' (Employee evaluation models) to standardize performance reviews across different departments. Here, it is about efficiency and organizational consistency.

你可以从内联网下载各种行政公文的范本。
(You can download various administrative document templates from the intranet.)

这位作家的处女作被誉为成长小说的范本。
(This writer's debut work was hailed as a model for coming-of-age novels.)

While 范本 is a versatile word, learners often confuse it with other terms that mean 'example' or 'model.' Understanding the boundaries of this word will help you avoid sounding unnatural or overly formal in the wrong situations.

Confusing '范本' with '例子' (lìzi): This is the most common mistake. A '例子' is simply an example used to illustrate a point. It doesn't have to be perfect or a standard to be followed. A '范本' is a definitive template intended for imitation. You wouldn't say '给我一个范本' if you just want a random example of a fruit; you'd use '例子'. Use '范本' only when you want a standard to copy.
Overusing it for People: '范本' vs '榜样' (bǎngyàng): While you can use '范本' to describe a person's behavior or a specific role they play (e.g., '好父亲的范本'), '榜样' is the much more natural word for a 'role model' in a personal or moral sense. '范本' sounds more structural and objective, while '榜样' sounds more personal and inspiring. Calling a person a '范本' can sometimes sound a bit cold, as if they are a blueprint rather than a human being.
Confusing '范本' with '样本' (yàngběn): '样本' means 'sample' or 'specimen,' usually in a scientific, statistical, or commercial context (like a product sample). A '样本' is a representative part of a whole. A '范本' is a template for creating something new. If you are testing water quality, you collect a '样本'. If you are writing a report on water quality and follow a standard format, you use a '范本'.

错误：他是我学习的范本。
正确：他是我学习的榜样。
(Note: Using '榜样' is much more natural for people you look up to.)

错误：请给我一个生词的范本。
正确：请给我一个生词的例子。
(Note: Use '例子' for simple illustrative examples.)

To truly master 范本, you need to see where it sits in the constellation of Chinese words for 'models' and 'standards.' Each has a specific flavor and register.

模板 (múbǎn) vs. 范本 (fànběn): 模板 is the modern, technical term for 'template.' It is used for digital files (Word, PPT, website code) or physical molds in construction. It is functional and neutral. 范本 is more prestigious and authoritative. A legal template is almost always a '合同范本,' not a '合同模板,' because it carries the weight of a standard to be respected, not just a file to be filled in.
典范 (diǎnfàn) vs. 范本 (fànběn): 典范 is an 'exemplar' or a 'paragon.' It is much higher in register than 范本. While a 范本 is something you copy, a 典范 is something you admire. You might say a novel is a 典范 of literary realism, meaning it is the absolute peak of that style. 范本 is more practical; 典范 is more evaluative.
模范 (mófàn) vs. 范本 (fànběn): 模范 is almost exclusively used for people or their behavior, often in a moral or civic sense. A '模范丈夫' (model husband) or '模范员工' (model employee). It implies praise. 范本 is used for things, documents, or systems. You wouldn't call a husband a '丈夫范本' unless you were looking at a sociological blueprint for what a husband should be.
样板 (yàngbǎn) vs. 范本 (fànběn): 样板 originally referred to a sample board or a prototype in manufacturing. In a historical Chinese context, it also refers to '样板戏' (Model Operas). Today, it is used for 'model homes' (样板间) or 'model projects' (样板工程). It is more tangible and physical than 范本.

他的这种无私奉献的精神，是我们学习的模范。
(His spirit of selfless dedication is a model for us to learn from.)

这栋建筑是后现代主义风格的典范。
(This building is a paragon of postmodern style.)

How Formal Is It?

Le savais-tu ?

In ancient times, the '范' was often made of clay and destroyed after the bronze was cast, making the '范本' (the master plan or mold) highly valuable and secret. Today, we use it for digital files that are copied infinitely!

Guide de prononciation

UK /fàn.pən/

US /fàn.pən/

The primary stress is on the first syllable 'fàn'.

Rime avec

见 (jiàn) 面 (miàn) 线 (xiàn) 限 (xiàn) 点 (diǎn - partial rhyme with 'ben' ending) 狠 (hěn) 门 (mén) 本 (běn - itself)

Erreurs fréquentes

Pronouncing 'fàn' with a rising tone (2nd tone), which sounds like 'fán' (bother).
Pronouncing 'běn' as a flat 1st tone.
Confusing the 'f' sound with 'h' in certain regional dialects (e.g., 'hànběn').
Using the wrong character for 'fàn' (e.g., using 饭 - food).
Missing the third tone dip in 'běn'.

Niveau de difficulté

Lecture 4/5

The characters are relatively common, but the context is often formal or professional.

Écriture 5/5

Writing '范' requires attention to stroke order (bamboo radical on top).

Expression orale 3/5

Easy to pronounce, but requires knowing when to use it over '例子'.

Écoute 3/5

Clear pronunciation, usually easy to pick out in professional speech.

Quoi apprendre ensuite

Prérequis

例子 (lìzi) 本子 (běnzi) 标准 (biāozhǔn) 模仿 (mófǎng) 参考 (cānkǎo)

Apprends ensuite

模板 (múbǎn) 规范 (guīfàn) 典范 (diǎnfàn) 典型 (diǎnxíng) 示范 (shìfàn)

Avancé

蓝图 (lántú - blueprint) 圭臬 (guīniè - criterion/standard) 楷模 (kǎimó - role model) 模棱两可 (móléng liǎngkě - ambiguous, opposite of a clear 范本)

Grammaire à connaître

The '以...为...' structure for defining roles or models.

我们以他的建议为准。

Using '份' (fèn) as a measure word for multi-page documents.

请复印一份范本。

Compound nouns without '的' (de) in formal titles.

合同范本 (not 合同的范本).

Passive voice with '被视为' or '被奉为'.

他被视为行业的领袖。

Using '参考' (refer to) as a transitive verb.

请参考说明书。

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Exemples par niveau

老师，请给我一个范本。

Teacher, please give me a model.

Simple sentence with 'give' (给) and the object '范本'.

这本范本很好看。

This model book looks good.

Using '范本' as a subject with an adjective.

我喜欢这个写作范本。

I like this writing model.

Direct object of the verb 'like' (喜欢).

这是一个简单的范本。

This is a simple model.

Using '是' to define the object.

看看这个范本。

Look at this model.

Imperative sentence using '看看' (look at).

范本在桌子上。

The model is on the table.

Locative sentence using '在...上'.

我们要学习这个范本。

We need to study this model.

Using '学习' (study) with '范本' as the object.

这是一份合同范本。

This is a contract template.

Using the measure word '份' (fèn) for documents.

你可以参考这个范本写信。

You can refer to this model to write a letter.

Using '参考' (refer to) as a verb.

我需要一份标准的范本。

I need a standard model.

Using '标准' (standard) as an adjective for '范本'.

这个范本有很多生词。

This model has many new words.

Describing the content of the '范本'.

请按照范本的要求做。

Please follow the requirements of the model.

Using '按照' (according to) with '范本'.

书店里有卖作文范本的。

The bookstore sells model essay books.

Using '范本' in a compound noun '作文范本'.

这个范本帮了我很大的忙。

This model helped me a lot.

Subject of a sentence describing help/utility.

老师给了我们三份范本。

The teacher gave us three models.

Using a number and measure word with '范本'.

我不明白这个范本的意思。

I don't understand the meaning of this model.

Object in a negative sentence about understanding.

我们应该以这个成功的案例为范本。

We should use this successful case as a model.

The '以...为范本' (use... as a model) structure.

网上有很多免费的合同范本可以下载。

There are many free contract templates available for download online.

Describing the availability of the noun.

这份范本的格式非常规范。

The format of this model is very standard/formal.

Describing the '格式' (format) of the '范本'.

他模仿范本的语气写了这封邮件。

He wrote this email by imitating the tone of the model.

Using '模仿' (imitate) with '范本'.

如果你不知道怎么写，就看一看范本吧。

If you don't know how to write it, just take a look at the model.

Conditional sentence using '如果...就...'.

公司要求我们统一使用这份范本。

The company requires us to use this model uniformly.

Using '统一' (uniformly) to describe the action of using the model.

这个范本是为了方便大家而制作的。

This model was made for everyone's convenience.

Using '是为了' (is for the purpose of) to explain the reason.

虽然有了范本，但你还是要根据实际情况修改。

Although there is a model, you still need to modify it based on the actual situation.

Concessive sentence using '虽然...但...'.

这本字帖是初学者练习书法的最佳范本。

This copybook is the best model for beginners to practice calligraphy.

Using '最佳' (best) to qualify '范本' in a specific domain.

他的演讲被视为危机公关的范本。

His speech is regarded as a model for crisis public relations.

Passive structure '被视为' (is regarded as).

制定一个通用的范本可以提高工作效率。

Formulating a universal template can improve work efficiency.

Using '制定' (formulate) and '通用' (universal).

该项目的成功为未来的城市规划提供了范本。

The success of this project provided a model for future urban planning.

Using '为...提供' (provide for...).

我们不能生搬硬套范本，要灵活运用。

We cannot blindly copy the model; we must use it flexibly.

Using the idiom '生搬硬套' (blindly copy) with '范本'.

这篇论文的逻辑结构堪称学术写作的范本。

The logical structure of this thesis can be called a model of academic writing.

Using '堪称' (can be called/is worthy of being called).

法律范本必须经过专业律师的审核。

Legal templates must be reviewed by professional lawyers.

Compound noun '法律范本' (legal template).

他总是能把乏味的公文写成范本。

He can always turn dull official documents into models.

The '把...写成...' (turn... into...) structure.

这部史诗巨著成为了后世英雄叙事的范本。

This epic masterpiece became the model for heroic narratives in later generations.

Discussing historical and literary influence.

在建筑界，这座博物馆被奉为空间利用的范本。

In the architectural world, this museum is revered as a model of space utilization.

Using '被奉为' (be revered as) to show high status.

该公司的员工手册被许多初创企业当作管理的范本。

The company's employee handbook is taken as a management model by many startups.

Using '当作' (take as/treat as).

他试图打破传统的范本，开创一种全新的艺术形式。

He tried to break the traditional models and create a completely new art form.

Using '打破' (break) with '范本'.

这种外交模式为解决地区冲突提供了宝贵的范本。

This diplomatic model provided a valuable template for resolving regional conflicts.

Applying '范本' to abstract political strategies.

他在处理这起复杂案件时，完全遵循了法律范本的每一个细节。

In handling this complex case, he strictly followed every detail of the legal template.

Using '遵循' (follow/adhere to) and '每一个细节' (every detail).

这些古典园林是天人合一思想在建筑上的范本。

These classical gardens are architectural models of the philosophy of harmony between nature and man.

Relating a philosophical concept to a physical '范本'.

虽然时代在变，但这些经典的沟通范本依然具有参考价值。

Although times are changing, these classic communication models still have reference value.

Using '依然具有' (still possesses) and '参考价值' (reference value).

该学者的论著不仅是学术严谨性的范本，更是独立思考的旗帜。

This scholar's work is not only a model of academic rigor but also a banner of independent thought.

Using '不仅是...更是...' for emphatic comparison.

在权力运作的博弈中，这部小说提供了一个冷酷而真实的范本。

In the game of power dynamics, this novel provides a cold and realistic model.

Sophisticated abstract application in literary criticism.

这些早期的法典为现代法治社会的构建奠定了范本基础。

These early legal codes laid the model foundation for the construction of modern rule-of-law societies.

Using '奠定了...基础' (laid the foundation for).

这种叙事结构的解构，挑战了长久以来被视为范本的线性逻辑。

The deconstruction of this narrative structure challenged the linear logic that had long been regarded as a model.

High-level vocabulary like '解构' (deconstruction) and '挑战' (challenge).

他将自己的生活过成了一场行为艺术的范本，充满了不可预测性。

He lived his life as a model of performance art, full of unpredictability.

Metaphorical and slightly ironic usage.

我们必须反思，这种所谓的成功范本是否真的适用于所有文化语境。

We must reflect on whether this so-called model of success is truly applicable to all cultural contexts.

Using '反思' (reflect) and '适用于' (applicable to).

该项研究的实验设计被同行评议誉为方法论上的范本。

The experimental design of this study was hailed by peer review as a methodological model.

Specific academic term '方法论' (methodology).

通过对这些历史范本的深度剖析，我们可以预见未来社会的发展趋势。

Through a deep analysis of these historical models, we can foresee the development trends of future society.

Using '深度剖析' (deep analysis) and '预见' (foresee).

Collocations courantes

合同范本

写作范本

行为范本

法律范本

管理范本

格式范本

标准范本

经典范本

书法范本

生活范本

Phrases Courantes

以...为范本

— To use something as a model or template.

我们以他的方案为范本。

提供范本

— To provide a model or template.

政府提供了申请范本。

参考范本

— To refer to a model or template.

请参考以下范本。

制定范本

— To formulate or create a standard model.

委员会正在制定行业范本。

修改范本

— To modify a template.

你需要根据需求修改范本。

遵循范本

— To follow a model strictly.

所有员工必须遵循这份行为范本。

完美的范本

— A perfect model/exemplar.

这是现代设计的完美范本。

下载范本

— To download a template.

你可以在官网下载范本。

一套范本

— A set of models/templates.

公司有一套完整的范本。

视为范本

— To regard something as a model.

这篇文章被视为科普写作的范本。

Souvent confondu avec

范本 vs 例子 (lìzi)

A simple example vs. an authoritative model to follow.

范本 vs 榜样 (bǎngyàng)

A person as a role model vs. a document or system as a template.

范本 vs 样本 (yàngběn)

A sample for testing vs. a template for creation.

Expressions idiomatiques

"奉为范本"

— To revere or treat something as a definitive model.

他的诗作被后人奉为范本。

Formal

"堪称范本"

— Worthy of being called a model.

这次救援行动堪称危机处理的范本。

Formal

"照搬范本"

— To copy a model blindly or mechanically.

我们不能照搬外国的成功范本。

Neutral/Critical

"生搬硬套"

— To apply a model or rule rigidly without considering the situation (often used with 范本).

生搬硬套范本是不可取的。

Informal/Critical

"不落窠臼"

— Not following the old ruts/models; being original (opposite of following a 范本).

他的设计不落窠臼，非常新颖。

Formal/Literary

"墨守成规"

— To stick to old rules/models (staying too close to a 范本).

做生意不能墨守成规。

Neutral/Critical

"规圆矩方"

— Strictly following standards (acting like a 范本).

他做事规圆矩方，从不出错。

Formal

"规行矩步"

— To follow the rules strictly; to behave as a model.

他在长辈面前总是规行矩步。

Formal

"依样画葫芦"

— To copy something exactly without understanding (mechanical imitation of a 范本).

他只是依样画葫芦，没有自己的想法。

Informal

"千篇一律"

— Everything following the same pattern (the negative result of overusing a 范本).

网上的简历范本让大家的简历看起来千篇一律。

Neutral/Critical

Facile à confondre

范本 vs 模板 (múbǎn)

Both translate as 'template' in English.

模板 is technical/digital; 范本 is prestigious/content-oriented. You use a PPT 模板 but a legal 范本.

我需要一个PPT模板。/ 我需要一个合同范本。

范本 vs 典范 (diǎnfàn)

Both mean 'model.'

典范 is a 'paragon' or high praise for excellence; 范本 is a practical tool for imitation.

他是道德的典范。/ 这是一个写作范本。

范本 vs 模范 (mófàn)

Both mean 'model.'

模范 is for people's behavior/morals; 范本 is for objects/documents.

模范丈夫 / 公文范本

范本 vs 样板 (yàngbǎn)

Both mean 'model' or 'sample.'

样板 is often physical (model home, prototype); 范本 is often text-based or structural.

样板房 / 合同范本

范本 vs 典型 (diǎnxíng)

Both mean 'model' or 'typical.'

典型 is an analytical 'typical case'; 范本 is a prescriptive 'template to follow.'

典型案例 / 写作范本

Structures de phrases

这里有一份[Noun]范本。

这里有一份简历范本。

请参考[Noun]范本。

请参考合同范本。

以...为范本进行[Action]。

以这个案例为范本进行分析。

[Something]被视为[Domain]的范本。

他的发言被视为公关的范本。

堪称[Noun]的范本。

这部作品堪称科幻小说的范本。

为...提供了[Adjective]的范本。

为城市治理提供了成功的范本。

打破了...的范本。

他打破了传统叙事的范本。

[Abstract Concept]的范本基础。

奠定了现代法律体系的范本基础。

Famille de mots

Noms

范本 (fànběn) - Model/Template

范围 (fànwéi) - Scope/Range

范畴 (fànchóu) - Category

规范 (guīfàn) - Norm/Standard

典范 (diǎnfàn) - Exemplar

Verbes

规范 (guīfàn) - To standardize

示范 (shìfàn) - To demonstrate

防范 (fángfàn) - To guard against

Adjectifs

规范 (guīfàn) - Standard/Formal

典型 (diǎnxíng) - Typical

Apparenté

榜样 (bǎngyàng)

模板 (múbǎn)

样板 (yàngbǎn)

例子 (lìzi)

案例 (ànlì)

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Comment l'utiliser

frequency

High in professional, academic, and legal Chinese.

Erreurs courantes

Using '范本' for a random example. → 例子 (lìzi)
范本 implies a standard to be followed, while 例子 is just an illustration.
Using '范本' as a verb. → 以...为范本 (yǐ... wéi fàn běn)
范本 is a noun. You cannot 'fanben' something.
Using '范本' for a person you admire. → 榜样 (bǎngyàng)
范本 is for things/documents; 榜样 is for people.
Using '范本' for a scientific sample. → 样本 (yàngběn)
样本 is a representative sample; 范本 is a template for creation.
Confusing '范本' with '模板' in legal titles. → 合同范本
In formal legal contexts, 范本 is the standard term, not 模板.

Astuces

Professionalism

In a Chinese office, always ask for a 范本 instead of a 例子 when you want a document to copy. It shows you care about professional standards.

The 'Yi... Wei' Structure

Practice the pattern '以 [Source] 为范本'. It's a hallmark of advanced Chinese. For example: '以这个项目为范本' (Using this project as a model).

Domain Specifics

Learn the compound words like 合同范本 and 写作范本. They are often used as single units of meaning.

Imitation is Learning

Understand that in China, following a 范本 is seen as the first step to mastery, not a lack of creativity.

Vs. 模板

Remember: 模板 is the 'file format,' 范本 is the 'content standard.' Use 范本 for legal and academic contexts.

Context Clues

When you hear 'fànběn,' look for a document or a set of rules nearby; that's what's being referred to.

Stroke Order

The character 范 has 8 strokes. The top is the bamboo radical (⺮), not the grass radical (艹) in some older variants, though they look similar.

Natural Phrasing

Use '有没有...的范本？' (Is there a model for...?) to sound like a native speaker when asking for help.

Flexibility

Always add '根据实际情况修改' (modify according to actual conditions) after mentioning a 范本 to show you aren't just a robot.

Mental Image

Picture a 'Master Copy' stamp on a document. That's a 范本.

Mémorise-le

Moyen mnémotechnique

Think of a 'Fan' (范) who loves 'Books' (本). They only read the very best books that serve as a 'Model' for all other books. 范 + 本 = Model Book.

Association visuelle

Imagine a golden book (本) inside a bamboo mold (范). This golden book is the perfect template that all other books are made from.

Word Web

Law Contract Essay Calligraphy Standard Template Copy Master

Défi

Try to find three different '范本' in your daily life today. Is there a 'recipe 范本'? A 'work email 范本'? Write them down in Chinese.

Origine du mot

The word '范本' originates from ancient Chinese metalworking. The character '范' (fàn) originally depicted a mold made of bamboo or clay used for casting bronze vessels. This physical mold ensured that every vessel produced was identical in shape and decoration.

Sens originel : A physical mold for casting metal, combined with 'book' or 'primary source.'

Sino-Tibetan (Chinese)

Contexte culturel

Be careful not to call a person a '范本' in a way that suggests they lack personality; '榜样' is usually safer for people.

English speakers might use 'template' for digital things and 'model' for abstract things. 范本 covers both, but leans towards formal documents.

Wang Xizhi's 'Lanting Xu' (Preface to the Orchid Pavilion) is the ultimate 范本 for running script calligraphy. The 'Four Books and Five Classics' served as the moral and political 范本 for imperial China. Model Operas (样板戏) during the Cultural Revolution were a politicized version of the 范本 concept.

Pratique dans la vie réelle

Contextes réels

Legal/Business

合同范本 (Contract template)
协议范本 (Agreement template)
法律范本 (Legal specimen)
条款范本 (Clause template)

Education

作文范本 (Model essay)
论文范本 (Model thesis)
答题范本 (Model answer)
教学范本 (Teaching model)

Art/Calligraphy

书法范本 (Calligraphy model)
绘画范本 (Painting model)
临摹范本 (Copying model)
艺术范本 (Artistic model)

Administrative

公文范本 (Official document template)
申请范本 (Application template)
报告范本 (Report template)
通知范本 (Notice template)

General/Behavioral

行为范本 (Behavioral model)
成功范本 (Success model)
管理范本 (Management model)
生活范本 (Life model)

Amorces de conversation

"你能推荐一个写求职信的范本吗？(Can you recommend a model for writing cover letters?)"

"你们公司有标准的合同范本吗？(Does your company have a standard contract template?)"

"你觉得这个案例可以作为我们的范本吗？(Do you think this case can serve as our model?)"

"这个作家的文风简直是现代散文的范本。(This writer's style is literally a model for modern prose.)"

"请问在哪里可以下载到政府的公文范本？(Where can I download government official document templates?)"

Sujets d'écriture

描述一个你曾经参考过的范本，它对你有什么帮助？(Describe a model you once referred to; how did it help you?)

如果你要为一个理想的城市制定一个范本，你会包含哪些要素？(If you were to create a model for an ideal city, what elements would you include?)

讨论一下在学习中文过程中，使用范本的重要性。(Discuss the importance of using models in the process of learning Chinese.)

你认为哪位历史人物的行为可以作为现代人的范本？为什么？(Which historical figure's behavior do you think can serve as a model for modern people? Why?)

反思一下：过度依赖范本是否会限制我们的创造力？(Reflect: Does over-reliance on models limit our creativity?)

Questions fréquentes

10 questions

Technically yes, but only to describe them as a 'blueprint' or 'specimen' of a role (e.g., 'a model of a father'). However, 榜样 (bǎngyàng) is much more common and warmer for people you admire.

模板 (múbǎn) is usually for digital tools (like a PowerPoint template) or physical molds. 范本 (fànběn) is for authoritative documents (like a legal contract) or literary styles. You 'fill in' a 模板 but 'follow/study' a 范本.

It is common in professional and educational settings. In very casual talk, people might just say 例子 (lìzi), but 范本 is used when you specifically want a sample to copy.

For documents like contracts or essays, use 份 (fèn). For abstract models, use 个 (gè).

No, it is strictly a noun. To say 'to model,' use 模仿 (mófǎng) or the phrase 以...为范本.

Yes, it is a formal/professional term. Using it correctly shows a high level of Chinese proficiency (B2+).

Usually, yes. It implies a 'standard' or 'correct' version. However, you can criticize someone for 'blindly following' a 范本 (照搬范本).

It's a model essay. Students in China use these to learn how to structure their writing for exams.

标准合同范本 (biāozhǔn hétóng fànběn).

Yes, '字帖' (zìtiè) are the primary 范本 for calligraphy learners.

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