胆怯地 en 30 secondes
- Describes actions done with fear or lack of courage.
- Used when someone acts hesitantly due to apprehension.
- Conveys a visible display of timidity.
- Common in narratives about shy characters or animals.
- Definition
- The Chinese adverb 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) means 'timidly' or 'fearfully'. It describes an action performed with a lack of courage, often due to shyness, fear, or a hesitant nature. It's used to convey that someone is acting in a way that shows they are easily frightened or lack confidence.
- Usage Context
- Imagine a child who is new to a playground and is hesitant to join other children. They might walk 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) towards the swings. Or, consider someone who has to give a speech but is very nervous; they might approach the podium 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de). This adverb is suitable for describing actions in various situations where apprehension or a lack of boldness is evident. It's commonly used in narratives, descriptions of behavior, and when discussing someone's emotional state during an action. It implies a visible manifestation of inner fear or timidity.
那个小男孩 胆怯地 躲在妈妈的身后。
- Nuance
- The degree of timidity can vary. 胆怯地 suggests a noticeable, often outward, display of fear or hesitation. It's not just an internal feeling but how that feeling is expressed through one's actions. It can be used to describe both minor hesitations and more significant displays of fear. For example, someone might 胆怯地 ask a question, indicating they are afraid of the answer or of appearing foolish. Conversely, an animal might 胆怯地 approach a new food source.
她 胆怯地 敲了敲门。
- Common Scenarios
- You'll often see 胆怯地 used to describe characters in stories who are shy or afraid. For instance, a character might 胆怯地 offer an opinion, or a timid animal might 胆怯地 explore its surroundings. In everyday life, it can describe someone nervously making a phone call, hesitantly asking for directions, or shyly approaching a group of people. It paints a picture of someone acting with reservation and a lack of boldness.
新来的员工 胆怯地 看着大家。
- Sentence Structure
- The adverb 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) typically precedes the verb it modifies, describing the manner in which the action is performed. The basic structure is: Subject + 胆怯地 + Verb + (Object/Other elements). It can also appear after the verb in some descriptive contexts, though placing it before the verb is more common for adverbial usage.
他 胆怯地 问：“我能进来吗？”
- Describing Actions
- Use 胆怯地 with verbs that describe physical movements or verbal actions. Examples include: 走 (zǒu - to walk), 问 (wèn - to ask), 靠近 (kào jìn - to approach), 说话 (shuō huà - to speak), 递 (dì - to hand over), 看着 (kàn zhe - to look at).
小猫 胆怯地 嗅了嗅食物。
- Varying Subjects
- The subject performing the action can be a person, an animal, or even an inanimate object personified. This allows for flexibility in storytelling and description. For instance, a shy person might 胆怯地 greet someone, while a timid mouse might 胆怯地 scurry away.
他 胆怯地 举起了手。
- Adding Detail
- You can combine 胆怯地 with other adverbs or descriptive phrases to add more nuance. However, ensure the sentence remains clear and doesn't become overly complicated. The core function is to depict the hesitant manner of an action.
她 胆怯地 递过一张纸条。
- Everyday Conversations
- You'll hear 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) used in casual conversations, especially when people are describing someone's behavior, particularly children or individuals who are naturally shy. For example, a parent might say, "我的孩子 胆怯地 看着新来的老师" (My child looked timidly at the new teacher). It's also used when recounting personal experiences of feeling nervous or hesitant in social situations.
他 胆怯地 问我能不能借他的笔。
- Literature and Storytelling
- This adverb is a staple in Chinese literature, especially in children's stories, fairy tales, and novels that feature characters with timid personalities. Authors use 胆怯地 to vividly portray a character's fear, shyness, or lack of confidence. For instance, a story might describe a small animal 胆怯地 peeking out from its hiding place or a timid hero 胆怯地 taking their first step into danger.
小兔子 胆怯地 看着洞口。
- Movies and TV Shows
- In visual media, 胆怯地 is often conveyed through body language and acting. A character might walk with their shoulders hunched, avoid eye contact, or speak in a soft, hesitant voice, all of which visually represent acting 胆怯地. You might hear it in voiceovers or dialogue describing such actions, for example, when a character is introduced as being very shy and performing their initial actions 胆怯地.
他 胆怯地 走上前，递上了一份礼物。
- Educational Materials
- As a common adverb for describing behavior, 胆怯地 is frequently used in Chinese language learning materials, textbooks, and exercises. It's chosen to illustrate specific vocabulary and grammatical structures related to emotions and actions. You'll find it in example sentences designed to teach learners how to express concepts like fear, shyness, and hesitation.
新来的学生 胆怯地 环顾四周。
- Confusing with Similar Adverbs
- Learners might confuse 胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) with other adverbs that describe manner, such as 害羞地 (hài xiū de - shyly) or 小心地 (xiǎo xīn de - carefully). While there can be overlap, 胆怯地 specifically emphasizes fear or a lack of courage, whereas 害羞地 focuses more on social awkwardness or bashfulness, and 小心地 emphasizes caution to avoid danger or mistakes. For instance, someone might 害羞地回避目光 (shyly avoid eye contact) due to social discomfort, but they might 胆怯地 走向黑暗的房间 (timidly walk towards a dark room) due to fear.
Mistake: 他 害羞地 walked into the room. Correct: 他 胆怯地 walked into the room.
- Incorrect Placement
- As an adverb, 胆怯地 usually modifies a verb and is placed before it. A common mistake is placing it after the verb in a way that sounds unnatural or changes the grammatical structure. For example, saying "他走 胆怯地" (He walked timidly) is less common and can sound awkward compared to "他 胆怯地 走" (He timidly walked).
Mistake: 她问了 胆怯地. Correct: 她 胆怯地 问了.
- Overuse or Misapplication
- Sometimes, learners might overuse 胆怯地 or apply it to situations where it doesn't quite fit. For example, if someone is merely being quiet or reserved without any underlying fear, using 胆怯地 might be inaccurate. It's important to ensure the action being described genuinely stems from timidity or fear. For instance, someone calmly observing a situation shouldn't be described as acting 胆怯地.
Mistake: 他 胆怯地 笑了. (Unless the smile itself was fearful or hesitant). Correct: 他 小心地 笑了. (If the smile was cautious).
- Ignoring the '地' (de)
- When forming adverbs from adjectives in Chinese, the particle '地' (de) is crucial. Forgetting to include it, or using it incorrectly, can lead to grammatical errors. For example, writing "他 胆怯 走" instead of "他 胆怯地 走" is incorrect. The '地' clearly marks the word as an adverb modifying the verb.
Mistake: 她 胆怯 看着. Correct: 她 胆怯地 看着.
- 害羞地 (hài xiū de)
- Meaning: Shyly, bashfully.
Difference: While both describe hesitant behavior, 害羞地 focuses on social awkwardness, embarrassment, or bashfulness. 胆怯地 emphasizes fear and a lack of courage. You might act 害羞地 when meeting new people because you feel awkward, but you might act 胆怯地 when facing a dangerous situation because you are afraid.
Example: 他 害羞地 低下了头 (He shyly lowered his head) vs. 他 胆怯地 躲进了房间 (He timidly hid in the room).
- 小心地 (xiǎo xīn de)
- Meaning: Carefully, cautiously.
Difference: 小心地 implies taking precautions to avoid mistakes, accidents, or harm. It's about being mindful and prudent. 胆怯地 is about acting out of fear or timidity. One might walk 小心地 on an icy road to avoid falling, but walk 胆怯地 into a dark, unknown place due to fear.
He carefully picked up the fragile vase (小心地).
He timidly approached the barking dog (胆怯地).
- 犹豫地 (yóu yù de)
- Meaning: Hesitantly, indecisively.
Difference: 犹豫地 describes an action performed with hesitation, often due to indecision or uncertainty about what to do. While timidity can lead to hesitation, 犹豫地 doesn't necessarily imply fear. One might 犹豫地 choose a restaurant because they can't decide between two options, whereas they might 胆怯地 approach a task they find intimidating.
- 畏缩地 (wèi suō de)
- Meaning: Fearfully, shrinkingly.
Difference: 畏缩地 is very close in meaning to 胆怯地 and often implies a physical reaction of shrinking away from something frightening. It can be more intense than 胆怯地, suggesting a more pronounced withdrawal due to fear. However, 胆怯地 can describe a broader range of hesitant actions, not just physical shrinking.
He shyly accepted the compliment (害羞地).
He hesitantly agreed to the plan (犹豫地).
- Simply 'Quietly' or 'Softly'
- Sometimes, learners might use 胆怯地 when a simpler adverb like 安静地 (ān jìng de - quietly) or 轻声地 (qīng shēng de - softly) would suffice. If the action is just quiet or soft without any implication of fear, 胆怯地 is not appropriate. For example, speaking quietly in a library is 安静地, not 胆怯地.
Le savais-tu ?
In ancient Chinese thought, the gallbladder was considered the organ responsible for bravery. If someone was easily frightened, it was metaphorically said they had a 'small gallbladder' (小胆儿 - xiǎo dǎn er), implying a lack of courage. This is why 胆 (dǎn) is central to words related to bravery and fear.
Guide de prononciation
- Mispronouncing the 'q' sound in 'qiè' as 'k' or 'ch'.
- Not aspirating the 't' in 'tǎn' and 'qiè' sufficiently.
- Pronouncing 'an' as 'en' or 'on'.
- Adding an unnecessary vowel sound after 'de'.
Exemples par niveau
小狗 胆怯地 看着我。
The little dog looked at me timidly.
他 胆怯地 问：“能进来吗？”
He timidly asked, "May I come in?"
她 胆怯地 躲在妈妈后面。
She timidly hid behind her mother.
鸟儿 胆怯地 飞走了。
The bird flew away timidly.
我 胆怯地 敲了敲门。
I timidly knocked on the door.
他 胆怯地 递过一本书。
He timidly handed over a book.
孩子 胆怯地 看着新玩具。
The child looked at the new toy timidly.
他 胆怯地 走了进来。
He walked in timidly.
新来的学生 胆怯地 坐在角落里。
The new student sat timidly in the corner.
The adverb modifies the verb '坐' (to sit).
他 胆怯地 问老师问题。
He timidly asked the teacher a question.
Describes the manner of asking.
小猫 胆怯地 闻了闻陌生人的手。
The kitten timidly sniffed the stranger's hand.
Modifies the verb '闻' (to smell).
她 胆怯地 递上了一份文件。
She timidly handed over a document.
Describes the action of handing over.
他 胆怯地 看着台下的观众。
He timidly looked at the audience below the stage.
Describes the manner of looking.
那只狗 胆怯地 摇着尾巴。
That dog was timidly wagging its tail.
Describes the action of wagging the tail.
他 胆怯地 靠近了那个声音的来源。
He timidly approached the source of the sound.
Modifies the verb '靠近' (to approach).
她 胆怯地 拒绝了邀请。
She timidly refused the invitation.
Describes the manner of refusal.
在陌生的环境中，他总是 胆怯地 观察周围。
In unfamiliar environments, he always timidly observes his surroundings.
Adverb modifying '观察' (to observe).
她 胆怯地 询问了价格，生怕被拒绝。
She timidly asked about the price, afraid of being rejected.
Describes the manner of inquiring, with an added reason.
那个小男孩 胆怯地 玩着自己的手指。
The little boy was timidly playing with his fingers.
Describes a nervous habit.
尽管害怕，他还是 胆怯地 迈出了第一步。
Despite being afraid, he still timidly took the first step.
Highlights overcoming fear to act, but still with timidity.
她 胆怯地 表达了自己的担忧。
She timidly expressed her concerns.
Describes the manner of expression.
动物们 胆怯地 靠近水源，但随时准备逃跑。
The animals timidly approached the water source, but were ready to flee at any moment.
Describes cautious approach due to potential danger.
他 胆怯地 承认了自己的错误。
He timidly admitted his mistake.
Describes the manner of admission.
她 胆怯地 拿起那件古董，生怕弄坏。
She timidly picked up the antique, afraid of breaking it.
Fear of damage influences the action.
在公众场合，他常常 胆怯地 避免与人对视。
In public, he often timidly avoids making eye contact with people.
Describes a habitual behavior driven by timidity.
她 胆怯地 提出了一个可能不被接受的建议。
She timidly put forward a suggestion that might not be accepted.
The suggestion itself might be bold, but the delivery is timid.
面对强大的对手，他 胆怯地 选择了退缩。
Facing a strong opponent, he timidly chose to retreat.
Describes a strategic choice made out of fear.
他 胆怯地 敲了敲门，希望里面的人没有生气。
He timidly knocked on the door, hoping the person inside wasn't angry.
The knock is influenced by the fear of anger.
她 胆怯地 靠近那只受伤的动物，试图给予帮助。
She timidly approached the injured animal, trying to offer help.
Balancing fear with a desire to help.
即使在熟悉的场景里，他有时也会 胆怯地 犹豫。
Even in familiar settings, he sometimes hesitates timidly.
Suggests a deep-seated tendency towards timidity.
他 胆怯地 承认自己无法完成这项艰巨的任务。
He timidly admitted he couldn't complete this arduous task.
Describes the admission of inability.
她 胆怯地 触碰了那件从未见过的物品。
She timidly touched the item she had never seen before.
Describes cautious exploration due to the unknown.
面对严峻的挑战，他内心深处 胆怯地 涌起一丝不安。
Facing a severe challenge, a trace of unease timidly welled up deep within him.
Describes an internal feeling manifesting as timid unease.
她 胆怯地 窥探着门缝，试图了解外面的情况。
She timidly peered through the crack in the door, trying to understand the situation outside.
Action driven by fear and curiosity.
尽管拥有强大的实力，他却 胆怯地 错失了许多宝贵的机会。
Despite possessing great strength, he timidly missed many valuable opportunities.
Timidity as a hindrance to seizing opportunities.
他 胆怯地 承认，自己从未真正理解过父亲的期望。
He timidly admitted that he had never truly understood his father's expectations.
Admission of a profound personal realization.
在审讯中，嫌疑人 胆怯地 否认了所有指控。
During the interrogation, the suspect timidly denied all charges.
Describes a defensive action under pressure.
她 胆怯地 靠近那只传说中充满危险的森林。
She timidly approached the forest rumored to be full of danger.
Action driven by the fear of the unknown and danger.
他 胆怯地 表达了对新政策的疑虑，生怕引起争议。
He timidly expressed his doubts about the new policy, fearing it would cause controversy.
Expressing dissent with caution due to potential conflict.
她 胆怯地 观察着周围的动静，仿佛随时会被发现。
She timidly observed the movements around her, as if she might be discovered at any moment.
Heightened awareness and fear of detection.
在那个充满敌意的环境中，他只能 胆怯地 寻求一丝保护。
In that hostile environment, he could only timidly seek a shred of protection.
Describes a desperate, fearful action in a dire situation.
她 胆怯地 揭示了一个可能颠覆一切的秘密。
She timidly revealed a secret that could overturn everything.
The revelation is fraught with fear due to its potential impact.
面对铺天盖地的指责，他 胆怯地 辩解着，声音微弱。
Faced with overwhelming accusations, he timidly defended himself, his voice weak.
Describes a defense overwhelmed by fear and accusation.
他 胆怯地 承认了自己长期以来对权威的恐惧。
He timidly admitted his long-standing fear of authority.
Admission of a profound psychological barrier.
她 胆怯地 探询着真相的边缘，害怕触及真相本身。
She timidly explored the edges of the truth, afraid to touch the truth itself.
Describes a tentative and fearful approach to a dangerous truth.
尽管身处险境，他 胆怯地 拒绝了任何可能暴露他的帮助。
Despite being in danger, he timidly refused any help that might expose him.
Refusal driven by fear of exposure.
他 胆怯地 承认，自己一直活在对失败的阴影里。
He timidly admitted that he had always lived in the shadow of failure.
Admission of a pervasive, life-altering fear.
她 胆怯地 触碰了那个被封存多年的秘密入口。
She timidly touched the entrance to the secret that had been sealed for many years.
Describes a fearful interaction with a hidden mystery.
Collocations courantes
Phrases Courantes
— To walk in a timid or fearful manner.
他 胆怯地 走进了黑暗的房间，不知道里面有什么。
— To ask a question hesitantly or fearfully.
她 胆怯地 问了价格，担心太贵了。
— To look at something or someone with timidity or fear.
小狗 胆怯地 看着陌生人，摇着尾巴。
— To approach something or someone in a hesitant or fearful way.
他 胆怯地 靠近了那只看起来很凶的猫。
— To hide in a timid or fearful manner.
孩子 胆怯地 躲在门后面，不愿出来。
— To hand something over timidly or fearfully.
她 胆怯地 递过了一张纸条，希望他能收下。
— To admit something with timidity or fear.
他 胆怯地 承认自己犯了错误。
— To express oneself in a timid or fearful way.
她 胆怯地 表达了自己对这个计划的疑虑。
— To accept something with timidity or fear.
他 胆怯地 接受了那份并不想要的工作。
— To raise one's hand timidly, often in a classroom setting.
只有一个人 胆怯地 举起了手。
Famille de mots
Noms
Adjectifs
Apparenté
Mémorise-le
Moyen mnémotechnique
Imagine a timid person holding a small, trembling 'gallbladder' (胆) because they are scared (怯). The 'de' (地) at the end tells you it's describing *how* they are doing something.
Association visuelle
Picture a person who is so afraid they are clutching their stomach where the gallbladder is located, looking very scared and hesitant to move forward.
Origine du mot
The word 胆怯 (dǎn qiè) is composed of two characters. 胆 (dǎn) originally referred to the 'gallbladder', which in traditional Chinese medicine was associated with courage and decisiveness. A lack of courage was metaphorically linked to a 'small' or 'weak' gallbladder. 怯 (qiè) means 'fearful', 'timid', or 'cowardly'. Together, they form the concept of being fearful or lacking courage.
Sens originel : The original literal meaning is related to the gallbladder (胆), which was believed to be the seat of courage. '怯' means fear or timidity. So, '胆怯' literally suggests a deficiency in the 'gallbladder' of courage, leading to fearfulness.
Sino-TibetanSummary
胆怯地 (dǎn qiè de) is an adverb meaning 'timidly' or 'fearfully', used to describe actions performed with a lack of courage or noticeable apprehension, like a shy child approaching a stranger.
- Describes actions done with fear or lack of courage.
- Used when someone acts hesitantly due to apprehension.
- Conveys a visible display of timidity.
- Common in narratives about shy characters or animals.
Exemple
小女孩胆怯地躲在妈妈身后。
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