A0 · शून्य बिंदु चैप्टर 3

Where Things Are

5 कुल नियम
60 उदाहरण
5 मिनट

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of locating and identifying objects in your daily life.

  • Identify objects near and far using demonstratives.
  • Ask simple questions to learn the names of items.
  • Describe the precise location of objects using prepositions.
Point, ask, and locate your world with confidence.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Welcome! This chapter will help you talk about everything around you. We'll learn to point out things using 'this' and 'that,' and show exactly where they are with 'in,' 'on,' and 'at.' Get ready to describe your world in simple English!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this' and 'that' to point out objects in your immediate surroundings.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Learning to talk about the things around you is one of the most exciting first steps in English! This guide will help you begin to describe your everyday world, whether you're pointing out a cup, asking about a book, or telling someone where your keys are. Mastering these simple building blocks allows you to communicate basic needs and observations, making your first interactions in English much clearer and more confident.
It’s all about understanding where things are and how to refer to them directly. This fundamental knowledge is key for any absolute beginner aiming to learn English A0 grammar and will be useful in countless daily situations, from finding items to understanding directions. You’ll quickly be able to express yourself more effectively, turning simple observations into basic English sentences.
This chapter lays the foundation for all future descriptive language.

How This Grammar Works

Let's explore how we point to and describe objects in English. First, when you want to show someone an object, you use 'this' for one thing that is close to you, and 'these' for many things that are close to you. If the object is far away, you use 'that' for one thing and 'those' for many things.
For example, if a pen is in your hand, you say,
This is a pen.
If a book is across the room, you say,
That is a book.
When you want to ask about something, you often start with
What is this?
for one close object, or
What are these?
for many close objects. Similarly, you'd ask
What is that?
or
What are those?
for things far away. Notice how we use 'is' for one thing (singular) and 'are' for many things (plural).
We also use 'here' to talk about a location close to you, and 'there' for a location far from you. For instance,
My bag is here
or
The car is there.
To show ownership, we use 'my' for things belonging to you and 'your' for things belonging to the person you are talking to. These words must always be followed by a noun. For example,
My book is red
or
Your phone is new.
Finally, to specify where things are, we use prepositions:
* 'In': for something inside an enclosed space (e.g.,
in the box,
in the room
).
* 'On': for something resting on a surface (e.g.,
on the table,
on the wall
).
* 'At': for a specific point or general location (e.g.,
at the door,
at home,
at the park
). Understanding these basic rules will unlock your ability to describe the world around you in simple English.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with singular/plural:
* ✗ These is my keys.
* ✓ These are my keys. (Use 'are' for plural 'these'.)
* ✗ Those are my book.
* ✓ That is my book. (Use 'is' for singular 'that'.)
  1. 1Incorrect preposition for location:
* ✗ The apple is on the box. (If it's *inside* the box)
* ✓ The apple is in the box.
* ✗ My phone is in the table. (If it's *on top of* the table)
* ✓ My phone is on the table.
  1. 1Using 'my' or 'your' without a noun:
* ✗ That is my. (What is yours?)
* ✓ That is my book.
* ✗ Where is your? (Your what?)
* ✓ Where is your jacket?

Real Conversations

Conversation 1: Pointing and Asking

A

A

What is this? (A points to a pen on the table, close to A)
B

B

This is a pen.
A

A

And what is that? (A points to a bag across the room)
B

B

That is my bag.

Conversation 2: Location and Possession

A

A

Excuse me, where is my phone?
B

B

Is it on the chair?
A

A

No, it’s not on the chair. Oh, it’s in my pocket! Thank you.

Conversation 3: Close and Far

A

A

Look! This is a nice picture. (Holding the picture)
B

B

Yes, it is! And that is a big tree there. (Pointing out the window)

Quick FAQ

Q: When do I use 'this' versus 'that' in English?

Use 'this' for a single object close to you (like in your hand). Use 'that' for a single object that is farther away from you (like across the room).

Q: What's the main difference between 'in', 'on', and 'at' for beginners?

'In' means something is inside a space (like in a box). 'On' means something is on a surface (like on a table). 'At' means a specific point or general location (like at home or at the bus stop).

Q: Can I say My is good instead of
My life is good
?

No, 'my' always needs a noun right after it. You must say

My life is good
or
My car is fast.
It tells you *whose* noun it is.

Q: How do I ask about a location in English?

You can ask

Where is it?
for a single item, or
Where are they?
for multiple items. Then you can use 'here' or 'there' in your answer, or a preposition like 'in', 'on', or 'at'.

Cultural Context

These simple grammar patterns are the backbone of everyday conversation in English. Native speakers use 'this', 'that', 'in', 'on', and 'at' constantly and naturally. They are not formal or informal; they are simply how you describe the basic existence and location of objects.
Mastering them will make your English sound more natural and your meaning clearer to native speakers from the very beginning.

मुख्य उदाहरण (6)

1

What is this? It's a book.

यह क्या है? यह एक किताब है।

यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना
2

What's that? It's a bird!

वह क्या है? वह एक पक्षी है!

यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना
3

This is my pen.

यह मेरा पेन है।

My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक
4

Is that your bag?

क्या वह तुम्हारा बैग है?

My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक
5

My phone is `in` my bag.

मेरा फोन मेरे बैग में है।

में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं
6

The book is `on` the table.

किताब मेज पर है।

में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

दूरी को महसूस करो!

सोचो कि तुम्हारे हाथ बहुत छोटे हैं। अगर तुम चीज़ को आसानी से छू सकते हो, तो 'this' लगाओ:
This book is very heavy.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह और वह: चीज़ों की ओर इशारा करना
💡

शॉर्टकट का इस्तेमाल करो!

बातचीत के दौरान लोग अक्सर 'What is' को छोटा करके 'What's' बोलते हैं, जिससे तुम ज़्यादा नेचुरल लगोगे: "What's this?".
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना
💡

हमेशा नाम (Noun) से पहले

याद रखना कि 'my' और 'your' हमेशा उस चीज़ के नाम से ठीक पहले आते हैं:
This is my phone.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक
💡

जगह को इमेजिन करो

सोचो कि तुम कहाँ हो: अगर तुम किसी चीज़ के *अंदर* (जैसे कमरा या डिब्बा) हो, तो 'in' लगाओ। अगर किसी सतह के *ऊपर* हो, तो 'on' और अगर बस एक लोकेशन बता रहे हो, तो 'at' का इस्तेमाल करो:
I am in the kitchen.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

book a written work pen an instrument for writing table a piece of furniture bag a container for carrying things phone a device for calling

Real-World Preview

search

Finding Your Keys

Review Summary

  • This/That + is + [noun]
  • What + is + this/that?
  • My/Your + [noun]
  • [Noun] + is + in/on/at + [place]
  • It is + here/there

सामान्य गलतियाँ

You cannot use 'this' for something far away ('there'). Use 'that' for distance.

Wrong: This is my book there.
सही: That is my book there.

We use 'on' for surfaces and 'in' for containers. A table is a surface.

Wrong: Where is the pen in the table?
सही: Where is the pen on the table?

Use 'my' before a noun, not 'mine'. 'Mine' is used alone.

Wrong: What is that? That is mine book.
सही: What is that? That is my book.

इस अध्याय के नियम (5)

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep looking around and naming your world in English. See you in the next chapter!

Label your furniture with sticky notes using 'This is my...' phrases.

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

पास की चीज़ के बारे में पूछने के लिए सही वाक्य कौन सा है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is this?
सही ढांचा है 'What + is + this?'। बाकी वाक्यों में या तो वर्ब गायब है या गलत वर्ब है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना

कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone is here, in my hand.
अगर फोन तुम्हारे हाथ में है, तो वो तुम्हारे बहुत करीब है, इसलिए 'here' सही है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यहाँ और वहाँ: सरल स्थान

सवाल पूरा करने के लिए सही शब्द चुनें।

What ___ this?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
एक चीज़ (this) के लिए हम हमेशा 'is' का इस्तेमाल करते हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना

वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें और उसे सही करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

What that is? It's a cat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is that? It's a cat.
इंग्लिश में सवाल पूछते समय 'is', 'that' से पहले आता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: यह क्या है? — चीज़ों के बारे में पूछना

गलती ढूँढें और उसे ठीक करें

Find and fix the mistake:

I am waiting on the bus stop.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am waiting at the bus stop.
बस स्टॉप जैसे खास पॉइंट के लिए 'at' का इस्तेमाल होता है, 'on' का नहीं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं

कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Where are my keys?
'Keys' बहुवचन है, इसलिए 'is' की जगह 'are' आएगा। 'My' का इस्तेमाल यहाँ बिल्कुल सही है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक

सही शब्द चुनें

The keys are ___ the desk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
चाबियाँ डेस्क की सतह पर रखी हैं, इसलिए 'on' सही प्रीपोजीशन है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं

सही शब्द चुनें

This is ___ coffee.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: my
'My' एक मालिकाना शब्द है, जो बताता है कि कॉफी मेरी है। 'I' का इस्तेमाल कर्ता के रूप में होता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक

कौन सा वाक्य सही है?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My cat is on the bed.
बिल्ली बिस्तर की सतह पर सो रही है। 'In bed' सोने के लिए इस्तेमाल होता है, पर लोकेशन के लिए 'on the bed' सही है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: में, पर, पर: चीजें कहाँ हैं

गलती ढूंढें और उसे ठीक करें

Find and fix the mistake:

Is this you're phone?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is this your phone?
'You're' का मतलब 'you are' होता है। यहाँ मालिकाना हक दिखाने के लिए 'your' की ज़रूरत है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — सरल संबंधवाचक

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

बस इतना समझो कि 'This' मतलब 'यहाँ' (पास वाली चीज़) और 'That' मतलब 'वहाँ' (दूर वाली चीज़):
This is my pen.
बिल्कुल! अगर कोई दोस्त बगल में खड़ा है तो कहो
This is my friend Sarah
और अगर दूर है तो
Who is that person over there?
सबसे आसान तरीका है बस What is this? या What is that? बोल देना। यह बिल्कुल सीधा और साफ़ है: What is this?
नहीं, आमतौर पर What is it? तब बोलते हैं जब उस चीज़ का ज़िक्र पहले हो चुका हो। नयी चीज़ के लिए What is this? ही सही है: What is this?.
My का मतलब है कि कोई चीज़ बोलने वाले (मुझसे) जुड़ी है, जबकि Your का मतलब है कि वो सुनने वाले (तुमसे) जुड़ी है। जैसे:
This is my hat.
नहीं! इंग्लिश में यह बहुत आसान है। आप my book भी कहेंगे और my books भी। Your के साथ भी यही नियम है।