A0 · نقطه صفر فصل 3

همه چیز کجاست؟ شناخت دنیای اطراف

5 مجموع قواعد
60 مثال‌ها
5 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل تمرین سریع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of locating and identifying objects in your daily life.

  • Identify objects near and far using demonstratives.
  • Ask simple questions to learn the names of items.
  • Describe the precise location of objects using prepositions.
Point, ask, and locate your world with confidence.

چی یاد می‌گیری

سلام رفیق! آماده‌ای که دنیای اطرافت رو به انگلیسی توصیف کنی؟ توی این فصل قراره یاد بگیری چطوری خیلی دقیق بگی چی کجاست. اول از همه با This و That یاد می‌گیری به چیزایی که نزدیک یا دورت هستن اشاره کنی؛ مثلاً وقتی توی مغازه داری خرید می‌کنی و می‌خوای بگی «این رو می‌خوام». بعدش یاد می‌گیری چطوری با استفاده از جمله‌ی ?What is this از بقیه بپرسی که فلان وسیله اصلاً چی هست؛ این یکی از اون مهارت‌هاییه که هر جایی به کارت می‌آد! در ادامه می‌ریم سراغ مالکیت و یاد می‌گیری با My و Your بگی چی مال منه و چی مال توئه تا سوءتفاهمی پیش نیاد. اما بخش جذابش کجاست؟ اونجایی که با حروف اضافه‌ی In ،On و At یاد می‌گیری لوکیشن دقیق وسایل رو بگی؛ مثلاً بگی «گوشیم روی میزه» یا «کلیدام توی کیفمه». آخرش هم با Here و There یاد می‌گیری خیلی راحت به مکان‌ها اشاره کنی. خلاصه اینکه وقتی این فصل رو تموم کنی، دیگه هیچ وسیله‌ای رو گم نمی‌کنی! راحت می‌تونی درباره اتاق یا دفتر کارت حرف بزنی و از بقیه درباره چیزای مختلف سوال بپرسی. این یه قدم بزرگ برای ارتباط برقرار کردن با محیطته. بزن بریم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this' and 'that' to point out objects in your immediate surroundings.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Learning to talk about the things around you is one of the most exciting first steps in English! This guide will help you begin to describe your everyday world, whether you're pointing out a cup, asking about a book, or telling someone where your keys are. Mastering these simple building blocks allows you to communicate basic needs and observations, making your first interactions in English much clearer and more confident.
It’s all about understanding where things are and how to refer to them directly. This fundamental knowledge is key for any absolute beginner aiming to learn English A0 grammar and will be useful in countless daily situations, from finding items to understanding directions. You’ll quickly be able to express yourself more effectively, turning simple observations into basic English sentences.
This chapter lays the foundation for all future descriptive language.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's explore how we point to and describe objects in English. First, when you want to show someone an object, you use 'this' for one thing that is close to you, and 'these' for many things that are close to you. If the object is far away, you use 'that' for one thing and 'those' for many things.
For example, if a pen is in your hand, you say,
This is a pen.
If a book is across the room, you say,
That is a book.
When you want to ask about something, you often start with
What is this?
for one close object, or
What are these?
for many close objects. Similarly, you'd ask
What is that?
or
What are those?
for things far away. Notice how we use 'is' for one thing (singular) and 'are' for many things (plural).
We also use 'here' to talk about a location close to you, and 'there' for a location far from you. For instance,
My bag is here
or
The car is there.
To show ownership, we use 'my' for things belonging to you and 'your' for things belonging to the person you are talking to. These words must always be followed by a noun. For example,
My book is red
or
Your phone is new.
Finally, to specify where things are, we use prepositions:
* 'In': for something inside an enclosed space (e.g.,
in the box,
in the room
).
* 'On': for something resting on a surface (e.g.,
on the table,
on the wall
).
* 'At': for a specific point or general location (e.g.,
at the door,
at home,
at the park
). Understanding these basic rules will unlock your ability to describe the world around you in simple English.

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with singular/plural:
* ✗ These is my keys.
* ✓ These are my keys. (Use 'are' for plural 'these'.)
* ✗ Those are my book.
* ✓ That is my book. (Use 'is' for singular 'that'.)
  1. 1Incorrect preposition for location:
* ✗ The apple is on the box. (If it's *inside* the box)
* ✓ The apple is in the box.
* ✗ My phone is in the table. (If it's *on top of* the table)
* ✓ My phone is on the table.
  1. 1Using 'my' or 'your' without a noun:
* ✗ That is my. (What is yours?)
* ✓ That is my book.
* ✗ Where is your? (Your what?)
* ✓ Where is your jacket?

مکالمات واقعی

Conversation 1: Pointing and Asking

A

A

What is this? (A points to a pen on the table, close to A)
B

B

This is a pen.
A

A

And what is that? (A points to a bag across the room)
B

B

That is my bag.

Conversation 2: Location and Possession

A

A

Excuse me, where is my phone?
B

B

Is it on the chair?
A

A

No, it’s not on the chair. Oh, it’s in my pocket! Thank you.

Conversation 3: Close and Far

A

A

Look! This is a nice picture. (Holding the picture)
B

B

Yes, it is! And that is a big tree there. (Pointing out the window)

سؤالات رایج

Q: When do I use 'this' versus 'that' in English?

Use 'this' for a single object close to you (like in your hand). Use 'that' for a single object that is farther away from you (like across the room).

Q: What's the main difference between 'in', 'on', and 'at' for beginners?

'In' means something is inside a space (like in a box). 'On' means something is on a surface (like on a table). 'At' means a specific point or general location (like at home or at the bus stop).

Q: Can I say My is good instead of
My life is good
?

No, 'my' always needs a noun right after it. You must say

My life is good
or
My car is fast.
It tells you *whose* noun it is.

Q: How do I ask about a location in English?

You can ask

Where is it?
for a single item, or
Where are they?
for multiple items. Then you can use 'here' or 'there' in your answer, or a preposition like 'in', 'on', or 'at'.

بافت فرهنگی

These simple grammar patterns are the backbone of everyday conversation in English. Native speakers use 'this', 'that', 'in', 'on', and 'at' constantly and naturally. They are not formal or informal; they are simply how you describe the basic existence and location of objects.
Mastering them will make your English sound more natural and your meaning clearer to native speakers from the very beginning.

مثال‌های کلیدی (8)

1

Is **this** your coffee?

¿Es este tu café?

این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها
2

**That** building is very tall.

Ese edificio es muy alto.

این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها
3

What is this? It's a book.

این چیه؟ یه کتابه.

این چیست؟ — پرسیدن درباره چیزها
4

What's that? It's a bird!

اون چیه؟ یه پرنده‌ست!

این چیست؟ — پرسیدن درباره چیزها
5

This is my pen.

این خودکار منه.

My & Your — صفات ملکی ساده
6

Is that your bag?

اون کیف توئه؟

My & Your — صفات ملکی ساده
7

My phone is `in` my bag.

گوشیم توی کیفمه.

در، روی، پیش: چیزها کجا هستند
8

The book is `on` the table.

کتاب روی میزه.

در، روی، پیش: چیزها کجا هستند

نکات و ترفندها (4)

💡

The Touch Test

If you can reach out and touch it, use 'this'. If you have to point your arm, use 'that'.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها
💡

با شکل‌های کوتاه شده تمرین کن!

بیشتر انگلیسی‌زبان‌ها توی مکالمه‌های روزمره از شکل کوتاه شده این سوال‌ها استفاده می‌کنن. تو هم اگه باهاشون راحت باشی، خیلی طبیعی‌تر به نظر میای: "What's this?"
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این چیست؟ — پرسیدن درباره چیزها
💡

همیشه قبل از اسم

یادت باشه 'my' و 'your' همیشه دقیقاً قبل از اسمی که توصیف می‌کنن می‌شینن، مثل: my phone یا your hat. هیچ‌وقت بعد از اسم نمیان!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — صفات ملکی ساده
💡

فضا رو تجسم کن

اگه واقعاً داخل چیزی هستی (مثل جعبه) از in، اگه روی سطحی از on و اگه فقط یه جای کلیه از at استفاده کن:
I am at the station.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: در، روی، پیش: چیزها کجا هستند

واژگان کلیدی (5)

book a written work pen an instrument for writing table a piece of furniture bag a container for carrying things phone a device for calling

Real-World Preview

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Finding Your Keys

Review Summary

  • This/That + is + [noun]
  • What + is + this/that?
  • My/Your + [noun]
  • [Noun] + is + in/on/at + [place]
  • It is + here/there

اشتباهات رایج

You cannot use 'this' for something far away ('there'). Use 'that' for distance.

Wrong: This is my book there.
صحیح: That is my book there.

We use 'on' for surfaces and 'in' for containers. A table is a surface.

Wrong: Where is the pen in the table?
صحیح: Where is the pen on the table?

Use 'my' before a noun, not 'mine'. 'Mine' is used alone.

Wrong: What is that? That is mine book.
صحیح: What is that? That is my book.

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep looking around and naming your world in English. See you in the next chapter!

Label your furniture with sticky notes using 'This is my...' phrases.

Continue to: Expressing Actions & Needs

تمرین سریع (10)

Choose the correct word for an abstract idea mentioned before.

You want to quit? ___ is a big decision.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
'That' is used to refer back to a statement made by someone else.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها

گزینه درست رو انتخاب کن

The keys are ___ the desk.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
کلیدها روی سطح میز هستن، پس حرف اضافه on درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: در، روی، پیش: چیزها کجا هستند

اشتباه رو پیدا و اصلاح کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

The cat is over here, by the door (pointing across the room).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cat is over there, by the door.
وقتی داری به اون‌طرف اتاق اشاره می‌کنی، گربه از تو دوره، پس there درسته.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اینجا و آنجا: مکان ساده

کدوم جمله درسته؟

جمله درست رو انتخاب کن:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Where are my keys?
چون keys (کلیدها) جمعه، باید از 'are' استفاده کنیم. 'my' هم به درستی قبل از اسم اومده.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — صفات ملکی ساده

کلمه درست رو انتخاب کن.

The keys are ____ on the table.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: here
اگه کلیدها روی میز کنار تو باشن، باید از here استفاده کنی.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: اینجا و آنجا: مکان ساده

اشتباه جمله رو پیدا و درست کن.

Find and fix the mistake:

What that is? It's a cat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is that? It's a cat.
ترتیب صحیح کلمات برای یک سوال مستقیم 'What + is + ضمیر اشاره' است.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این چیست؟ — پرسیدن درباره چیزها

Choose the correct word for an object in your hand.

___ is my phone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
Since the phone is in your hand (near), use 'this'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها

Choose the best word for a past event.

___ was a great movie we saw yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
We use 'that' for singular events in the past.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها

Choose the correct response for a phone call.

Hello? ___ is David.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
We use 'This is...' to identify ourselves on the phone.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها

اشتباه رو پیدا و اصلاح کن

Find and fix the mistake:

Is this you're phone?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Is this your phone?
'You're' مخفف 'you are' هست. اینجا به 'your' نیاز داریم تا مالکیت گوشی رو نشون بدیم.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — صفات ملکی ساده

Score: /10

سوالات رایج (6)

Use this to point something out for the first time. Use it to refer to it again later. Example: 'This is my car. It is fast.'
Yes, but only for introductions or identification. 'This is my brother.' You wouldn't say 'This is tall' to describe him; you'd say 'He is tall.'
ساده‌ترین راه فقط What is this? یا What is that? هست. مستقیم، واضح و همه‌جا قابل فهمه. زیاد پیچیده‌اش نکن! What is this?
نه، معمولاً What is it? وقتی استفاده میشه که قبلاً درباره اون چیز حرف زدی یا از روی متن مشخصه چیه. اگه یه شیء کاملاً جدیده و نمی‌دونیش، باید بگی What is this? یا What is that?. منطقیه، نه؟ What is that?
My نشون می‌ده چیزی مال گوینده‌ست (من)، در حالی که your نشون می‌ده چیزی مال شنونده‌ست (تو). مثلاً:
This is my room.
نه، اصلاً! هم می‌گی my book (مفرد) و هم my books (جمع). انگلیسی اینجا خیلی ساده‌ست.
فصل قبلی
Describing People & Things
فصل بعدی
Expressing Actions & Needs
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