A0 Determiners 14 min read آسان

این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها

Point to singular things nearby with this and faraway with that – it's all about distance!
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use 'this' for things you can touch and 'that' for things further away.

  • Use 'this' for one thing near you: 'This is my coffee.'
  • Use 'that' for one thing far away: 'That is a bird.'
  • Change to 'these' and 'those' when there is more than one object.
👉 (Near) + This | 🔭 (Far) + That

مرور کلی

آیا تا به حال به چیزی در منو اشاره کرده‌اید و ندانید که باید بگویید this یا that؟ شما تنها نیستید. به نظر ساده می‌آید، اما درست گفتن آن باعث می‌شود بسیار طبیعی‌تر به نظر برسید. همه چیز به یک ایده کلیدی بستگی دارد: فاصله.
This و that 'demonstratives' (اشاره‌ها) نامیده می‌شوند. کلمه‌ی جالبی است، نه؟ این فقط به این معنی است که آنها به یک شخص یا چیز خاصی «اشاره» یا «نشان» می‌دهند.
آنها را مانند انگشت اشاره کلامی خود در نظر بگیرید. کلمه‌ای که انتخاب می‌کنید به شنونده شما می‌گوید که آن چیز نسبت به شما کجاست. آیا اینجا در دست شماست یا آنجا روی قفسه؟
آیا این آهنگ عالی است که الان پخش می‌شود یا آن آهنگ افتضاح دیشب؟ ما دائماً از آنها استفاده می‌کنیم، از گفتن به یک دوست که «Check out this video!» تا گفتن «I can't believe I said that yesterday.». تسلط بر آنها یک پیروزی سریع برای روانی شما در زبان انگلیسی است.
آنها فرم‌های مفرد (this, that) و جمع (these, those) دارند و همان قانون اصلی فاصله برای همه آنها اعمال می‌شود.

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

کل سیستم this, that, these, و those بر اساس یک مفهوم ساده کار می‌کند: نزدیکی. آیا به شما نزدیک است یا از شما دور است؟
  • نزدیکی (نزدیک در مقابل دور): این کار اصلی است. اگر چیزی در دسترس شما یا خیلی نزدیک به شما باشد، از this (برای یک چیز) یا these (برای چند چیز) استفاده می‌کنید. اگر دورتر باشد - در آن سوی اتاق، پایین خیابان، یا حتی در کشور دیگری - از that (برای یک چیز) یا those (برای چند چیز) استفاده می‌کنید. تصور کنید در یک بازار کشاورزان هستید. یک سیب را بالا می‌گیرید و می‌گویید: «This apple looks delicious.». اما به سیب‌های داخل جعبه‌ای در طرف دیگر غرفه اشاره می‌کنید و می‌گویید: «Are those apples fresh?»
  • زمان (اکنون در مقابل آن زمان): ایده «نزدیک» و «دور» در مورد زمان نیز صدق می‌کند. this و these اغلب به زمان حال یا چیزی که اکنون در حال وقوع است اشاره می‌کنند. that و those می‌توانند به گذشته یا یک رویداد تمام شده اشاره کنند. به عنوان مثال: «This week has been so busy» (هفته جاری) در مقابل «That was a fun party last weekend» (یک رویداد گذشته). مثل این است که زمان حال به شما «نزدیک» است و گذشته «دور» است. اگر منظورتان همین الان باشد، نمی‌گویید «That week is busy».
  • ایده‌ها و موضوعات انتزاعی: ما همچنین برای ایده‌ها از this و that استفاده می‌کنیم. ممکن است برای معرفی موضوع جدیدی که می‌خواهید توضیح دهید از this استفاده کنید: «Okay, listen to this. I have a crazy idea.». شما اغلب برای واکنش به چیزی که شخص دیگری به تازگی گفته است از that استفاده می‌کنید. اگر دوستتان بگوید: «I just won tickets to the concert!» شما پاسخ می‌دهید: «That's amazing!». شما به بیانیه او اشاره می‌کنید که اکنون از لحظه حال واکنش شما «کمی فاصله» دارد. این کمی شبیه اشاره به کلمات اوست.

الگوی ساخت

1
خبر خوب؟ هیچ صرف پیچیده‌ای وجود ندارد. کلمات هرگز تغییر نمی‌کنند! شما فقط باید بر اساس دو سوال ساده، کلمه صحیح را انتخاب کنید.
2
آیا مفرد است یا جمع؟ ابتدا تصمیم بگیرید که آیا در مورد یک چیز صحبت می‌کنید یا بیش از یک چیز.
3
برای یک چیز، تنها انتخاب‌های شما this یا that هستند.
4
برای بیش از یک چیز، انتخاب‌های شما these یا those هستند.
5
آیا نزدیک است یا دور؟ حالا، موقعیت آن را نسبت به خودتان مشخص کنید.
6
اگر نزدیک شما باشد (در مکان یا زمان)، از this (مفرد) یا these (جمع) استفاده کنید.
7
اگر از شما دور باشد (در مکان یا زمان)، از that (مفرد) یا those (جمع) استفاده کنید.
8
همین. این یک سیستم 2x2 است. هیچ تغییری در فعل‌ها وجود ندارد، هیچ پایانه اسمی برای نگرانی وجود ندارد. فقط کلمه اشاره صحیح را انتخاب کنید. این احتمالاً ساده‌ترین الگوی ساختی است که در تمام هفته یاد خواهید گرفت. اگر کمی رقص پیروزی کنید، به کسی نمی‌گوییم.

کی استفاده کنیم

شما از این کلمات تمام روز و هر روز استفاده خواهید کرد. آنها فوق‌العاده رایج و برای ارتباط واضح ضروری هستند.
  • اشاره به اشیاء فیزیکی: واضح‌ترین کاربرد. در یک کافه: «Can I get this croissant, please? » (اشاره به یکی در ویترین جلوی شما). هنگام خرید: «I like that jacket in the window.»
  • معرفی افراد: وقتی با کسی هستید، برای معرفی او از this استفاده می‌کنید. «Hey Chris, this is my friend, Maria.». اگر او درست کنار شما ایستاده باشد، گفتن «That is my friend, Maria» کمی عجیب به نظر می‌رسد.
  • پای تلفن: وقتی خود را معرفی می‌کنید، همیشه از this استفاده می‌کنید. «Hi, is this Alex?» «Yes, this is he.». این یک قرارداد ثابت است. استفاده از that مانند این است که بپرسید آیا شخص آن طرف خط دور است یا خیر. اگر به آن فکر کنید، منطقی به نظر می‌رسد.
  • اشاره به چیزی که به تازگی گفته شده است: دوست شما در حال تعریف داستانی است و چیز تکان‌دهنده‌ای می‌گوید. شما واکنش نشان می‌دهید: «That's crazy!». شما به داستان او اشاره می‌کنید.
  • در کپشن‌های رسانه‌های اجتماعی: ارسال عکس توله سگ جدیدتان: «Meet this little guy!». ارسال عکس قدیمی از سفر: «Remember that amazing trip to Italy? Good times.»
  • بیان احساسات (فاصله عاطفی): گاهی اوقات، that می‌تواند نشان دهد که شما چیزی را دوست ندارید. تصور کنید دوستی در حال پخش موسیقی افتضاحی است. ممکن است بگویید: «Can you please turn off that song?». این کمی فاصله عاطفی ایجاد می‌کند. اگر آن را دوست داشتید، شاید در حین پخش می‌گفتید: «Wow, I love this song! ».

اشتباهات رایج

همه در ابتدا در این موارد اشتباه می‌کنند. نکته کلیدی این است که خودتان را بگیرید و قانون اصلی «نزدیک در مقابل دور» را به خاطر بسپارید.
  • قاطی کردن مفرد و جمع: یک اشتباه کلاسیک گفتن «this shoes» یا «that people» است. به یاد داشته باشید: this/that برای یک، these/those برای بیش از یک. باید «these shoes» و «those people» باشد. مغز شما می‌داند که جمع است، پس فقط کلمه اشاره را مطابقت دهید.
  • استفاده از that برای چیزی که نزدیک است: وقتی تلفن خود را در دست دارید، به آن اشاره نکنید و از دوستی بپرسید: «Have you seen that app?». در دست شماست، پس نزدیک است. شما باید بگویید: «Have you seen this app?». اگر این را قاطی کنید، نشانه واضحی است که شما یک یادگیرنده هستید.
  • فراموش کردن اسم: گاهی اوقات اگر زمینه واضح باشد می‌توانید از this/that به تنهایی استفاده کنید («Give me that.»). اما اغلب بهتر است مشخص باشید: «Give me that book.». گفتن «I want this» بدون اشاره می‌تواند گیج‌کننده باشد. شنونده خواهد گفت: «This... چی؟»
  • کلمه اشتباه پای تلفن: گفتن «Hello, I am Sarah» در بسیاری از زبان‌ها رایج است، اما در انگلیسی می‌گوییم «Hello, this is Sarah.». این فقط یک عبارت استاندارد است که باید حفظ کنید. نه، ما نمی‌دانیم چرا در این مورد اینقدر عجیب هستیم.

مقایسه با الگوهای مشابه

this و that ممکن است با حروف تعریفی مانند the یا ضمایری مانند it اشتباه گرفته شوند.
  • this/that در مقابل the: this و that مشخص هستند و به چیزی اشاره می‌کنند. The معین است اما همان انرژی «اشاره کردن» را ندارد.
  • this book = کتاب مشخصی که اینجا در دست من است.
  • the book = ما هر دو از قبل می‌دانیم در مورد کدام کتاب صحبت می‌کنیم، اما ممکن است از نظر فیزیکی وجود نداشته باشد.
اگر بگویید «The dog is cute»، در مورد سگ مشخصی صحبت می‌کنید که هر دوی شما می‌شناسید. اگر بگویید «This dog is cute»، به سگی در همین جا و همین الان اشاره می‌کنید.
  • that در مقابل it: این یکی کمی سخت است. هنگام اشاره به یک ایده یا موقعیت، that و it گاهی اوقات می‌توانند شبیه به هم به نظر برسند، اما وظایف متفاوتی دارند. it یک ضمیر عمومی برای یک چیز است. that یک ضمیر اشاره است که به چیزی مشخص‌تر، مانند یک واقعیت، رویداد یا بیانیه، بازمی‌گردد.
  • دوست: «The café is closed today.»
  • شما: «That's a shame.» (شما به *واقعیت* بسته بودن کافه اشاره می‌کنید).
  • شما: «It's a shame.» (این هم کار می‌کند، اما کمی کلی‌تر است).
اساساً، اگر بتوانید کلمه را با «چیزی که همین الان گفتی» جایگزین کنید، احتمالاً that بهترین انتخاب شماست.

سؤالات رایج

س: آیا می‌توانم از this برای صحبت در مورد داستانی که می‌خواهم تعریف کنم استفاده کنم؟
ج: قطعاً! این یک راه عالی برای معرفی یک موضوع جدید است. «So, get this: I was walking down the street yesterday and saw a cat riding a skateboard.»
س: آیا همیشه مربوط به فاصله فیزیکی است؟
ج: نه! می‌تواند در مورد زمان (اکنون در مقابل آن زمان) یا حتی فاصله عاطفی (دوست داشتن در مقابل دوست نداشتن چیزی) باشد.
س: اگر چیزی در فاصله متوسطی باشد چه؟ مثلاً در دست من نباشد، اما آن طرف خیابان هم نباشد؟
ج: اینجاست که موضوع ذهنی می‌شود! به طور کلی، اگر بتوانید به راحتی در یک ثانیه به آن برسید و لمسش کنید، احتمالاً هنوز this یا these است. اگر مجبور باشید مسافتی را پیاده بروید، that یا those می‌شود. برای این کار پلیسی وجود ندارد، فقط به حس خود اعتماد کنید.
س: آیا می‌توانم از that برای بی‌ادب بودن استفاده کنم؟
ج: گاهی اوقات، بله. تأکید اضافی بر that می‌تواند نشان دهد که شما چیزی را دوست ندارید. «Are you really going to wear *that* hat?». این کمی قضاوتی به نظر می‌رسد. بنابراین، می‌دانید، از قدرت‌های جدید خود عاقلانه استفاده کنید.

Demonstrative Distance and Number

Distance Singular (1) Plural (2+)
Near (Close)
This
These
Far (Away)
That
Those

Common Contractions

Full Form Contraction Usage
That is
That's
Very common in speech
This is
None
We rarely contract 'this is'
That will
That'll
Informal future

Meanings

Demonstratives are words used to point to specific people or things. They indicate the physical or psychological distance between the speaker and the object.

1

Physical Proximity

Pointing to objects in physical space based on whether they are within reach or not.

“This pen in my hand is blue.”

“That car across the street is fast.”

2

Temporal Distance

Referring to time. 'This' refers to the present or upcoming time, while 'that' refers to the past.

“This morning was very cold.”

“That summer in 2010 was amazing.”

3

Introduction & Identification

Using demonstratives to introduce people or identify things on the phone or in person.

“Mom, this is my friend Sarah.”

“Hello? This is John speaking.”

Reference Table

Reference table for این و آن: اشاره کردن به چیزها
Form Structure Example
Affirmative (Singular)
This/That + is + Noun
This is a dog.
Affirmative (Plural)
These/Those + are + Noun
Those are birds.
Negative (Singular)
This/That + is not + Noun
That is not my car.
Negative (Plural)
These/Those + are not + Noun
These are not your keys.
Question (Singular)
Is + this/that + Noun?
Is this your phone?
Question (Plural)
Are + these/those + Noun?
Are those your friends?
Short Answer (+)
Yes, it is / Yes, they are
Yes, it is.
Short Answer (-)
No, it isn't / No, they aren't
No, they aren't.

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Could you please identify this object?

Could you please identify this object? (General inquiry)

خنثی
What is this?

What is this? (General inquiry)

غیر رسمی
What's this thing?

What's this thing? (General inquiry)

عامیانه
What's this dealio?

What's this dealio? (General inquiry)

The Demonstrative Map

Demonstratives

Near

  • This Singular
  • These Plural

Far

  • That Singular
  • Those Plural

This vs That

This (Near)
In my hand This pen
Next to me This chair
That (Far)
Across the room That window
In the sky That cloud

Choosing the Right Word

1

Is it near you?

YES
Go to Singular/Plural check for Near
NO
Go to Singular/Plural check for Far
2

Is it only one thing?

YES
Use This (Near) or That (Far)
NO
Use These (Near) or Those (Far)

Demonstrative Categories

☝️

Singular

  • • This
  • • That
✌️

Plural

  • • These
  • • Those
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

This is my cat.

This is my cat.

2

That is a big plane.

That is a big plane.

3

These are my shoes.

These are my shoes.

4

Is that your car?

Is that your car?

1

This soup is very hot.

This soup is very hot.

2

Those birds are beautiful.

Those birds are beautiful.

3

I like this song.

I like this song.

4

That was a great party last night.

That was a great party last night.

1

This is exactly what I meant.

This is exactly what I meant.

2

That's a very interesting idea.

That's a very interesting idea.

3

These problems are difficult to solve.

These problems are difficult to solve.

4

I'll never forget that day.

I'll never forget that day.

1

This constant rain is depressing.

This constant rain is depressing.

2

That being said, we must move on.

That being said, we must move on.

3

Those who disagree should speak now.

Those who disagree should speak now.

4

This new policy will affect everyone.

This new policy will affect everyone.

1

That's a bit much, don't you think?

That's a bit much, don't you think?

2

This is where the argument falls apart.

This is where the argument falls apart.

3

I can't stand that 'I'm better than you' attitude.

I can't stand that 'I'm better than you' attitude.

4

These findings contradict previous research.

These findings contradict previous research.

1

This, then, is the crux of the matter.

This, then, is the crux of the matter.

2

That which is seen cannot be unseen.

That which is seen cannot be unseen.

3

The difference between this and that is negligible.

The difference between this and that is negligible.

4

Those present at the signing were historical figures.

Those present at the signing were historical figures.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

This & That: Pointing Things Out در مقابل This vs It

Learners use 'it' to point things out, which is less specific than 'this'.

This & That: Pointing Things Out در مقابل This vs These

Mixing up singular and plural forms.

This & That: Pointing Things Out در مقابل That vs Those

Using 'that' for plural objects far away.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

This is my friends.

✓

These are my friends.

You must use 'these' and 'are' for plural nouns.
✗

That is my books.

✓

Those are my books.

Use 'those' for plural objects that are far away.
✗

I like that.

✓

I like this.

If you are holding the object, 'this' is much more natural.
✗

Is this you car?

✓

Is this your car?

Don't forget the possessive 'your' after the demonstrative.
✗

This days are cold.

✓

These days are cold.

Time expressions also require plural agreement.
✗

That is a good idea you have there.

✓

This is a good idea you have there.

Actually, 'that' is usually better for someone else's idea, but 'this' is used if we are currently looking at it together.
✗

Who is this?

✓

Who is that?

When asking about someone far away, use 'that'.
✗

This was a great movie we saw last week.

✓

That was a great movie we saw last week.

Use 'that' for events that are finished and in the past.
✗

This is the man I told you about.

✓

That is the man I told you about.

In storytelling, 'that' is often used to refer back to a previously mentioned person.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

This is my ___.

That is a ___.

These ___ are ___.

Those ___ belong to ___.

Real World Usage

Ordering Food constant

I'll have this, please.

Texting very common

Check this out! [link]

Job Interview occasional

This project was my biggest achievement.

Travel / Directions very common

Is that the right bus?

Shopping constant

How much are those shoes?

Social Media very common

This! So true.

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
💡

The Touch Test

If you can reach out and touch it, use 'this'. If you have to point your arm, use 'that'.
⚠️

Plural Trap

Don't forget that 'this' and 'that' change to 'these' and 'those'. This is the most common mistake for beginners.
🎯

Phone Identification

Always use 'This is...' to say who you are on the phone. Never say 'I am...' or 'It is...'.
💬

Emotional Distance

Use 'that' to talk about something you don't like. It creates a feeling of distance between you and the bad thing.

Smart Tips

Always use 'This is...' followed by their name.

He is my friend Mark. → Mom, this is my friend Mark.

Use 'this' because the phone is in your hand, even if the photo is of something far away.

That is my house in the photo. → This is my house.

Use 'That's true' or 'That's right' to refer to their words.

It is true. → That's true!

Use 'this' to show the problem is happening right now, or 'that' to distance yourself from it.

The noise is bad. → I can't stand this noise!

تلفظ

/ðɪs/, /ðæt/

The Voiced 'TH'

The 'th' in this, that, these, and those is voiced. Your vocal cords should vibrate. Put your tongue between your teeth and blow air while making a sound like a 'z'.

/ðɪs/ vs /ðiːz/

Vowel Length in These vs This

'This' has a short 'i' sound (like 'sit'). 'These' has a long 'e' sound (like 'see').

Emphasis for Contrast

I want THIS one, not THAT one.

Stress the demonstrative to show a specific choice between two items.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

T-H-I-S is for things I can kiss (near). T-H-A-T is for things over at the cat (far).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a circle around your feet. Everything inside the circle is 'this/these'. Everything outside the circle is 'that/those'.

Rhyme

This and These are near my knees. That and Those are far from my toes.

Story

You are at a market. You pick up an apple (This). You point to a mountain (That). You hold two flowers (These). You see two birds in the sky (Those).

شبکه واژگان

thisthatthesethosenearfarsingularplural

چالش

Walk around your room. Touch 5 things and say 'This is a...'. Point to 5 things out the window and say 'That is a...'.

نکات فرهنگی

Pointing with the index finger while saying 'that' can be considered rude in some formal contexts. It is better to gesture with an open hand.

In English-speaking countries, you identify yourself with 'This is...' rather than 'I am...'.

British speakers often use 'that' more frequently than 'this' when referring to something the other person just said.

Both words come from Old English, where demonstratives were highly inflected for gender, case, and number.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

What is this?

“

Is that your car over there?

“

What are those things on the table?

“

This weather is crazy, isn't it?

موضوعات نگارش

Look around your room. Write 5 sentences about things near you and 5 sentences about things far away.
Describe your favorite outfit. Use 'these' and 'those' for shoes, socks, or glasses.
Write about a memory from your childhood. Use 'that' and 'those' to refer to things in the past.
Discuss a current news event. Use 'this' to refer to the situation and 'that' to refer to people's reactions.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

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Test Yourself

Choose the correct word for an object in your hand. چند گزینه‌ای

___ is my phone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
Since the phone is in your hand (near), use 'this'.
Fill in the blank for plural objects far away.

Look at ___ birds in the sky!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: those
Birds in the sky are far and plural, so 'those' is correct.
Fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

This shoes are very comfortable.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: These shoes are
'Shoes' is plural, so 'this' must change to 'these'.
Match the word to its description. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Near/Singular, 2-Far/Singular, 3-Near/Plural, 4-Far/Plural
This (Near/Sing), That (Far/Sing), These (Near/Plur), Those (Far/Plur).
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

Arrange the words in the correct order:

All words placed

Click words above to build the sentence

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That is my house over there.
The demonstrative 'that' starts the sentence as the subject.
Choose the correct response for a phone call. چند گزینه‌ای

Hello? ___ is David.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
We use 'This is...' to identify ourselves on the phone.
Choose the best word for a past event.

___ was a great movie we saw yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
We use 'that' for singular events in the past.
Choose the correct word for an abstract idea mentioned before. چند گزینه‌ای

You want to quit? ___ is a big decision.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
'That' is used to refer back to a statement made by someone else.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Choose the correct word for an object in your hand. چند گزینه‌ای

___ is my phone.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
Since the phone is in your hand (near), use 'this'.
Fill in the blank for plural objects far away.

Look at ___ birds in the sky!

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: those
Birds in the sky are far and plural, so 'those' is correct.
Fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

This shoes are very comfortable.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: These shoes are
'Shoes' is plural, so 'this' must change to 'these'.
Match the word to its description. جفت کردن

Match: 1. This, 2. That, 3. These, 4. Those

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 1-Near/Singular, 2-Far/Singular, 3-Near/Plural, 4-Far/Plural
This (Near/Sing), That (Far/Sing), These (Near/Plur), Those (Far/Plur).
Put the words in the correct order. Sentence Reorder

is / my / that / house / over there

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That is my house over there.
The demonstrative 'that' starts the sentence as the subject.
Choose the correct response for a phone call. چند گزینه‌ای

Hello? ___ is David.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This
We use 'This is...' to identify ourselves on the phone.
Choose the best word for a past event.

___ was a great movie we saw yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
We use 'that' for singular events in the past.
Choose the correct word for an abstract idea mentioned before. چند گزینه‌ای

You want to quit? ___ is a big decision.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That
'That' is used to refer back to a statement made by someone else.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. پر کردن جای خالی

I like ___ shirt you are wearing right now.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
Choose the correct word to complete the sentence. پر کردن جای خالی

Who is ___ man standing at the end of the street?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: that
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

This a good idea.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This is a good idea.
Find and fix the mistake in the sentence. Error Correction

I saw that movies yesterday.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I saw that movie yesterday.
Which sentence is correct? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This is my book.
Which sentence is grammatically correct? چند گزینه‌ای

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I need that pen.
Type the correct English sentence ترجمه

Translate into English: '¿Qué es eso?'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["What is that?"]
Type the correct English sentence ترجمه

Translate into English: 'Quiero este coche.'

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["I want this car."]
Put the words in order to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That is my new car
Put the words in order to form a correct sentence. Sentence Reorder

Arrange these words into a sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: This is my bag
Match each phrase with the correct determiner based on distance. جفت کردن

Match the phrases with 'this' or 'that':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched
Match each question with the appropriate demonstrative word. جفت کردن

Match the questions with 'this' or 'that':

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: matched

Score: /12

سوالات متداول (8)

Use `this` to point something out for the first time. Use `it` to refer to it again later. Example: 'This is my car. It is fast.'

Yes, but only for introductions or identification. 'This is my brother.' You wouldn't say 'This is tall' to describe him; you'd say 'He is tall.'

Physically, yes. But it's also used for things in the past or things someone else just said. 'That was a good point.'

It sounds like 'theez' with a long 'e' and a 'z' sound at the end. It's different from 'this' which has a short 'i' and an 's' sound.

No. 'This' is only for one book. For more than one, you must say 'these books'.

This is an idiom meaning 'That is the end' or 'That is correct.' It uses 'that' to refer to a completed situation.

No, it's neutral. It's just the plural of 'that'. It's used in all levels of English.

Yes! In informal English, we say 'There was this guy...' to introduce a new character.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

برای تمرین رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

este / ese / aquel

English combines 'ese' and 'aquel' into just 'that'.

Japanese low

kore / sore / are

English 'that' covers both 'sore' and 'are'.

German high

dieser / jener

English speakers use 'that' much more often than Germans use 'jener'.

French moderate

ce / cette / ces

English forces you to choose between near and far every time.

Arabic moderate

hadha / dhalika

English demonstratives are gender-neutral.

Chinese high

zhè / nà

English does not use measure words (like 'ge') with demonstratives.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Connected Grammar

Plural Nouns

Prerequisite

You need to know how to make nouns plural to use 'these' and 'those' correctly.

Verb To Be

Prerequisite

Demonstratives are almost always used with 'is' or 'are'.

Articles (A, An, The)

Similar

Articles and demonstratives are both types of determiners that specify nouns.

Relative Clauses

Advanced Form

The word 'that' is also used as a relative pronoun to connect sentences.

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