A0 · 제로 포인트 챕터 3

Where Things Are

5 총 규칙
60 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of locating and identifying objects in your daily life.

  • Identify objects near and far using demonstratives.
  • Ask simple questions to learn the names of items.
  • Describe the precise location of objects using prepositions.
Point, ask, and locate your world with confidence.

배울 내용

Welcome! This chapter will help you talk about everything around you. We'll learn to point out things using 'this' and 'that,' and show exactly where they are with 'in,' 'on,' and 'at.' Get ready to describe your world in simple English!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this' and 'that' to point out objects in your immediate surroundings.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Learning to talk about the things around you is one of the most exciting first steps in English! This guide will help you begin to describe your everyday world, whether you're pointing out a cup, asking about a book, or telling someone where your keys are. Mastering these simple building blocks allows you to communicate basic needs and observations, making your first interactions in English much clearer and more confident.
It’s all about understanding where things are and how to refer to them directly. This fundamental knowledge is key for any absolute beginner aiming to learn English A0 grammar and will be useful in countless daily situations, from finding items to understanding directions. You’ll quickly be able to express yourself more effectively, turning simple observations into basic English sentences.
This chapter lays the foundation for all future descriptive language.

How This Grammar Works

Let's explore how we point to and describe objects in English. First, when you want to show someone an object, you use 'this' for one thing that is close to you, and 'these' for many things that are close to you. If the object is far away, you use 'that' for one thing and 'those' for many things.
For example, if a pen is in your hand, you say,
This is a pen.
If a book is across the room, you say,
That is a book.
When you want to ask about something, you often start with
What is this?
for one close object, or
What are these?
for many close objects. Similarly, you'd ask
What is that?
or
What are those?
for things far away. Notice how we use 'is' for one thing (singular) and 'are' for many things (plural).
We also use 'here' to talk about a location close to you, and 'there' for a location far from you. For instance,
My bag is here
or
The car is there.
To show ownership, we use 'my' for things belonging to you and 'your' for things belonging to the person you are talking to. These words must always be followed by a noun. For example,
My book is red
or
Your phone is new.
Finally, to specify where things are, we use prepositions:
* 'In': for something inside an enclosed space (e.g.,
in the box,
in the room
).
* 'On': for something resting on a surface (e.g.,
on the table,
on the wall
).
* 'At': for a specific point or general location (e.g.,
at the door,
at home,
at the park
). Understanding these basic rules will unlock your ability to describe the world around you in simple English.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with singular/plural:
* ✗ These is my keys.
* ✓ These are my keys. (Use 'are' for plural 'these'.)
* ✗ Those are my book.
* ✓ That is my book. (Use 'is' for singular 'that'.)
  1. 1Incorrect preposition for location:
* ✗ The apple is on the box. (If it's *inside* the box)
* ✓ The apple is in the box.
* ✗ My phone is in the table. (If it's *on top of* the table)
* ✓ My phone is on the table.
  1. 1Using 'my' or 'your' without a noun:
* ✗ That is my. (What is yours?)
* ✓ That is my book.
* ✗ Where is your? (Your what?)
* ✓ Where is your jacket?

Real Conversations

Conversation 1: Pointing and Asking

A

A

What is this? (A points to a pen on the table, close to A)
B

B

This is a pen.
A

A

And what is that? (A points to a bag across the room)
B

B

That is my bag.

Conversation 2: Location and Possession

A

A

Excuse me, where is my phone?
B

B

Is it on the chair?
A

A

No, it’s not on the chair. Oh, it’s in my pocket! Thank you.

Conversation 3: Close and Far

A

A

Look! This is a nice picture. (Holding the picture)
B

B

Yes, it is! And that is a big tree there. (Pointing out the window)

Quick FAQ

Q: When do I use 'this' versus 'that' in English?

Use 'this' for a single object close to you (like in your hand). Use 'that' for a single object that is farther away from you (like across the room).

Q: What's the main difference between 'in', 'on', and 'at' for beginners?

'In' means something is inside a space (like in a box). 'On' means something is on a surface (like on a table). 'At' means a specific point or general location (like at home or at the bus stop).

Q: Can I say My is good instead of
My life is good
?

No, 'my' always needs a noun right after it. You must say

My life is good
or
My car is fast.
It tells you *whose* noun it is.

Q: How do I ask about a location in English?

You can ask

Where is it?
for a single item, or
Where are they?
for multiple items. Then you can use 'here' or 'there' in your answer, or a preposition like 'in', 'on', or 'at'.

Cultural Context

These simple grammar patterns are the backbone of everyday conversation in English. Native speakers use 'this', 'that', 'in', 'on', and 'at' constantly and naturally. They are not formal or informal; they are simply how you describe the basic existence and location of objects.
Mastering them will make your English sound more natural and your meaning clearer to native speakers from the very beginning.

주요 예문 (4)

1

What is this? It's a book.

이게 뭐예요? 책이에요.

이것은 무엇입니까? — 사물에 대해 묻기
2

What's that? It's a bird!

저게 뭐예요? 새예요!

이것은 무엇입니까? — 사물에 대해 묻기
3

My phone is `in` my bag.

Mi teléfono está en mi bolso.

In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지
4

The book is `on` the table.

El libro está en la mesa.

In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

팔 길이를 상상해 보세요!

this와 that 중 고민될 때는 내 팔이 아주 짧다고 생각해보세요. 손을 뻗어 바로 닿으면 this, 걸어가야 하면 that이에요!
This is my cup.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: This & That: 이것과 저것 가리키기
💡

줄임말을 사용해 보세요!

원어민들은 일상 대화에서 줄여서 말하는 것을 정말 좋아해요. "What's this?« 또는 »What's that?"이라고 말하면 훨씬 자연스럽게 들린답니다!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것은 무엇입니까? — 사물에 대해 묻기
💡

명사 바로 앞에 위치

'my'와 'your'는 항상 설명하려는 명사 바로 앞에 찰떡처럼 붙어 있어야 해요:
This is my phone.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — 단순 소유격
💡

The 'Walk' Rule

If you can walk onto a vehicle, use 'on' (bus, train). If you have to duck or sit immediately, use 'in' (car, taxi).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지

핵심 어휘 (5)

book a written work pen an instrument for writing table a piece of furniture bag a container for carrying things phone a device for calling

Real-World Preview

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Finding Your Keys

Review Summary

  • This/That + is + [noun]
  • What + is + this/that?
  • My/Your + [noun]
  • [Noun] + is + in/on/at + [place]
  • It is + here/there

자주 하는 실수

You cannot use 'this' for something far away ('there'). Use 'that' for distance.

Wrong: This is my book there.
정답: That is my book there.

We use 'on' for surfaces and 'in' for containers. A table is a surface.

Wrong: Where is the pen in the table?
정답: Where is the pen on the table?

Use 'my' before a noun, not 'mine'. 'Mine' is used alone.

Wrong: What is that? That is mine book.
정답: What is that? That is my book.

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep looking around and naming your world in English. See you in the next chapter!

Label your furniture with sticky notes using 'This is my...' phrases.

Continue to: Expressing Actions & Needs

빠른 연습 (10)

Fill in the blank with in, on, or at.

The keys are ___ the table.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
A table is a surface, so we use 'on'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지

알맞은 형태를 고르세요

This is ___ coffee.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: my
'My'는 소유를 나타내는 형용사로, 커피가 내 것임을 보여줘요. 'I'는 주어로만 쓰인답니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — 단순 소유격

문장을 완성하기 위해 알맞은 단어를 고르세요.

I want ___ apple on the table next to me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
사과가 '내 옆 테이블'에 있다고 했으니 가까운 것을 나타내는 'this'가 정답이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: This & That: 이것과 저것 가리키기

Fill in the blank.

I saw the news ___ the internet.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: on
Digital media uses 'on'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지

틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The cat is over here, by the door (방 건너편을 가리키며).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cat is over there, by the door.
방 건너편처럼 멀리 있는 곳을 가리킬 때는 there를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 여기 & 저기: 간단한 위치

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 올바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

What that is? It's a cat.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is that? It's a cat.
직접 의문문을 만들 때는 'What + is + 지시대명사' 순서로 써야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것은 무엇입니까? — 사물에 대해 묻기

Which is correct for transport?

I am ___ a taxi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: in
A taxi is a small, private vehicle.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: In, On, At: 물건이 어디에 있는지

가까이 있는 물건에 대해 올바르게 묻는 문장은 무엇인가요?

올바른 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is this?
가까운 물건 하나를 물을 때는 What is this?가 정답입니다. 'is'를 빼거나 'are'를 쓰면 안 돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 이것은 무엇입니까? — 사물에 대해 묻기

알맞은 단어를 골라보세요.

The keys are ____ on the table.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: here
열쇠가 바로 옆 테이블 위에 있다면 here를 쓰는 게 자연스러워요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 여기 & 저기: 간단한 위치

어떤 문장이 올바른가요?

가장 자연스러운 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Where are my keys?
열쇠(keys)가 복수형이므로 'is' 대신 'are'를 써야 하고, 소유격 'my'는 아주 잘 쓰였어요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — 단순 소유격

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

가장 큰 차이는 '거리'예요! 내 옆에 있는 건 this, 저기 멀리 있는 건 that이라고 생각하세요.
This is here, that is there.
그럼요! 옆에 있는 친구를 소개할 때
This is my friend Sarah
라고 하거나, 멀리 있는 사람을 물을 때
Who is that person?
이라고 할 수 있어요.
가장 쉬운 방법은 바로 What is this? 또는 What is that?이에요. 어디서나 통하는 명확한 표현이니 너무 고민하지 마세요!
아니요, 보통 What is it?은 이미 대화에서 언급된 물건에 대해 물을 때 써요. 완전히 새로운 물건이라면 What is this?가 더 자연스러워요.
my는 말하는 사람(나)에게 속한 것을, your는 듣는 사람(너)에게 속한 것을 나타내요:
This is my blue pen.
아니요, 영어는 이 부분이 정말 단순해요! 단수든 복수든 형태는 똑같답니다:
These are my favorite books.
이전 챕터
Describing People & Things
다음 챕터
Expressing Actions & Needs
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