A0 · 제로 포인트 챕터 2

Describing People & Things

6 총 규칙
70 예문
5 분
이 챕터의 규칙 빠른 연습

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Unlock the power to describe the world and the people around you with confidence.

  • Identify common objects using essential nouns.
  • Distinguish between he, she, and they to describe others.
  • Apply colors and simple adjectives to paint a picture with words.
Describe your world, one word at a time!

배울 내용

Hello there! Get ready to start talking about people, like he or she, and describe things using new words like big or red. Soon, you'll be able to tell us about your friends and the colorful world around you!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use nouns and adjectives to describe objects and people in simple sentences.

챕터 가이드

Overview

Understanding how to talk about the people and objects around you is one of the most exciting first steps in learning English! This guide will empower you to move beyond simple greetings and start painting a picture of your world, whether you're pointing out a big red car or introducing a friend. Mastering these basic concepts is crucial for any beginner.
This chapter lays the groundwork for all future descriptions, helping you build sentences that are both clear and meaningful. You'll learn to identify common items, refer to people by their gender or as a group, and add simple yet powerful details like size and color. This foundational knowledge is essential for English describing people & things for beginners and will quickly boost your confidence as you learn English A0 grammar.
By the end of this guide, you'll have the tools to tell someone about your pen or their book, and even describe a good teacher.
How This Grammar Works
At the heart of describing are nouns, words for people, places, or things. Think of classroom & survival nouns like pen, book, teacher, student, food, water, toilet. These are your first building blocks.
To talk about one of these things, you often use an article: a or an. You use an before words that start with a vowel *sound* (A, E, I, O, U), like an apple or an elephant. You use a before words that start with a consonant *sound*, like a book or a table.
When you have more than one, you usually just add an -s to the end: one pen, two pens; one book, two books. This is called forming simple plurals.
When you're talking about people, we use special words called pronouns. For a male person, use he. For a female person, use she.
If you're talking about more than one person, or you don't know their gender, or prefer not to specify, use they. For example,
This is John. He is a student.
or "This is Maria.
She is a teacher. or These are my friends. They are good."
Now, let's add some color and detail! Adjectives are words that describe nouns. Colors like red, blue, green, yellow are easy adjectives.
In English, adjectives almost always come *before* the noun they describe. For example, not car red but
red car.
The color word never changes, no matter if there's one car or many:
a red car,
two red cars.
Other first adjectives like big, small, good, and bad work the same way. You can say
a big book
or
a small pen.
You can also use these adjectives after the verb to be (is/are):
The car is red
or
The book is big.
Common Mistakes
  1. 1✗ Wrong article choice: People often use 'a' when 'an' is needed, or vice-versa.
* ✗ I have a apple.
* ✓ I have an apple. (Starts with a vowel *sound*)
  1. 1✗ Incorrect adjective placement: Placing the adjective after the noun it describes.
* ✗ I see a car blue.
* ✓ I see a blue car.
  1. 1✗ Confusing 'he' and 'she': Using the wrong pronoun for a specific gender.
* ✗ My sister is happy. He is my sister.
* ✓ My sister is happy. She is my sister.
Real Conversations
A: What is this?
B: It is a book.
A: Oh, is it a big book or a small book?
B: It is a big book! And it is red.
A: Who is that?
B: That is my friend, Maria.
A: Oh, Maria. She is a good student.
B: Yes, she is! And that is Peter. He is a good teacher.
A: Do you have a pen?
B: Yes, I have two pens. They are blue.
Quick FAQ
Q: Why do we say 'an apple' but 'a banana'?
A: You use 'an' before words that start with a vowel *sound* (like apple, elephant, orange). You use 'a' before words that start with a consonant *sound* (like banana, book, table). It's all about the sound, not just the letter!
Q: Can I use 'they' for just one person?
A: Yes! While 'they' usually means multiple people, it's also commonly used for one person when you don't know their gender or want to keep it general, like
Someone left their book. They forgot it.
Q: Do adjectives always go before the noun?
A: Mostly yes, when describing directly, like
red car
or
good teacher.
However, you can also use them *after* a form of to be (is/are), such as
The car is red
or
The teacher is good.
Cultural Context
Native English speakers value clear, direct communication, especially when describing. These simple patterns are used constantly in everyday conversation. Don't worry about overly complex sentences; a simple
red car
or
good friend
is perfectly natural and understood.
The placement of adjectives before nouns is a consistent and fundamental pattern you'll hear all the time.

주요 예문 (6)

1

I have a new book for class.

수업을 위한 새 책이 있어요.

교실 및 생존 명사: 첫 단어
2

The teacher is speaking English.

선생님이 영어를 하고 계세요.

교실 및 생존 명사: 첫 단어
3

My dad is a great cook. He makes delicious pasta.

우리 아빠는 요리를 정말 잘하세요. 아빠는 맛있는 파스타를 만드신답니다.

그, 그녀, 그들 — 다른 사람에 대해 말하기
4

This is my friend, Maria. She is from Spain.

이쪽은 제 친구 마리아예요. 마리아는 스페인에서 왔어요.

그, 그녀, 그들 — 다른 사람에 대해 말하기
5

This is a `big` city.

이곳은 큰 도시예요.

첫 형용사: 크다, 작다, 좋다, 나쁘다
6

I have a `small` dog.

저는 작은 강아지를 키워요.

첫 형용사: 크다, 작다, 좋다, 나쁘다

팁과 요령 (4)

💡

주변에 라벨 붙이기

집안 물건들에 영어 이름표를 붙여보세요. 매일 보다 보면 자연스럽게 외워져요.
Stick labels on objects like door or table.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 교실 및 생존 명사: 첫 단어
💡

성별 힌트에 귀를 기울여보세요

상대방이 다른 사람에 대해 말할 때 성별을 알 수 있는 힌트를 잘 들어보세요. 이름이나 직함(Mr., Ms.)을 통해 He를 쓸지 She를 쓸지 결정할 수 있어요.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그, 그녀, 그들 — 다른 사람에 대해 말하기
💡

첫 소리에 귀를 기울이세요!

단어의 첫 글자가 아니라 실제로 들리는 '첫 소리'가 중요해요. 모음 소리가 나면 'an', 자음 소리가 나면 'a'를 쓰세요:
an apple, a book.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: A & An — 첫 번째 관사
💡

끝에 들리는 '-s' 소리에 집중하세요

원어민들이 단어 끝에 아주 작게 내는 's' 소리를 잘 들어보세요. 하나가 아니라 여러 개라는 걸 알려주는 중요한 신호예요:
I have two cats.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 고양이 한 마리, 고양이 두 마리 — -s 를 이용한 단순 복수형

핵심 어휘 (6)

book libro pen bolígrafo red rojo big grande they ellos/ellas cat gato

Real-World Preview

school

Describing a Classroom

Review Summary

  • Name of object
  • He/She/They + is/are
  • A/An + noun
  • Noun + s
  • It is + color
  • It is + adjective

자주 하는 실수

Do not use 'a' with plural nouns.

Wrong: I have a apples.
정답: I have apples.

Colors describing objects do not need 'a'.

Wrong: He is a red.
정답: It is red.

Use 'an' before words starting with a vowel sound.

Wrong: A orange book.
정답: An orange book.

Next Steps

You are doing amazing! Keep practicing and don't be afraid to make mistakes. See you in the next chapter!

Label items in your house with sticky notes

Continue to: Where Things Are

빠른 연습 (10)

어떤 문장이 올바른가요?

가장 자연스러운 문장을 고르세요:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My friends are here. They are waiting.
'My friends'는 여러 명이기 때문에 복수 대명사인 'They'를 써야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그, 그녀, 그들 — 다른 사람에 대해 말하기

알맞은 복수형을 고르세요

I have two new ___ for school.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: books
'book'을 복수형으로 만들려면 단순히 뒤에 '-s'를 붙이면 돼요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 고양이 한 마리, 고양이 두 마리 — -s 를 이용한 단순 복수형

어떤 문장이 올바른가요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The sky is blue.
여기서 'blue'는 'sky'를 묘사하는 술어 형용사로 사용되었어요. 'The blue sky'라고 말하는 것도 맞아요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 색상 사용하기 (빨강, 파랑, 초록)

실수를 찾아 고치세요

Find and fix the mistake:

She has a shirt green.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has a green shirt.
형용사 'green'은 명사 'shirt' 앞에 와야 합니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 색상 사용하기 (빨강, 파랑, 초록)

문장에서 틀린 부분을 찾아 바르게 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

The movie was a good.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The movie was good.
be동사(was) 뒤에 형용사만 올 때는 'a'가 필요 없어요. 명사가 뒤에 올 때만 'a'를 쓴답니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 첫 형용사: 크다, 작다, 좋다, 나쁘다

명사가 올바르게 사용된 문장을 고르세요.

다음 중 맞는 문장은?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I need help.
Help는 이 상황에서 셀 수 없는 명사로 쓰이기 때문에 앞에 a를 붙이지 않는 것이 자연스러워요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 교실 및 생존 명사: 첫 단어

올바른 형태를 선택하세요

I see a ___ car.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: red
영어에서는 색깔 형용사(red)가 항상 명사(car) 앞에 옵니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 색상 사용하기 (빨강, 파랑, 초록)

틀린 부분을 찾아 고쳐보세요.

Find and fix the mistake:

It's an unique opportunity.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: It's a unique opportunity.
unique는 'yoo'라는 자음 소리로 시작하기 때문에 'a'가 올바른 표현입니다.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: A & An — 첫 번째 관사

어느 문장이 올바른가요?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: There are many cars on the street.
'cars'처럼 복수 명사 앞에는 'are'를 쓰고, 명사 뒤에는 '-s'를 붙여야 해요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 고양이 한 마리, 고양이 두 마리 — -s 를 이용한 단순 복수형

알맞은 대명사를 골라보세요

My teacher is very kind. ___ always helps us.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She
선생님이 여성이라면 'She'가 정답이에요. 성별을 모를 때는 'They'도 가능하지만, 여기서는 구체적인 대상을 지칭하는 연습이에요.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 그, 그녀, 그들 — 다른 사람에 대해 말하기

Score: /10

자주 묻는 질문 (6)

명사는 이름표라고 생각하면 쉬워요. 사람, 장소, 물건, 심지어 생각까지도 이름을 붙인 단어들이죠. 예를 들어
This is a cat.
에서 cat이 명사예요.
처음 배울 때는 door, tree처럼 짧은 단어가 많지만, 실력이 늘수록 복잡한 단어도 만나게 될 거예요. 지금은
I have a book.
처럼 쉬운 것부터 시작하세요!
대명사는 이름을 반복하지 않으려고 명사 대신 쓰는 단어예요. 일종의 지름길이라고 생각하면 돼요! 예를 들어 'Sarah is happy' 대신 She is happy.라고 할 수 있죠.
말을 더 자연스럽게 하고 이름을 계속 반복하는 어색함을 피하기 위해서예요.
My friend works here. He loves his job.
처럼 말하면 훨씬 매끄럽죠.
둘 다 '하나'라는 뜻이지만, 다음에 오는 단어의 첫 소리가 자음이면 a, 모음이면 an을 써요. a book 그리고 an apple처럼요.
단어의 첫 소리가 자음일 때 사용하세요. a cat이나 a university가 좋은 예시예요.
이전 챕터
First Steps & Greetings
다음 챕터
Where Things Are
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