A0 · Ponto Zero Capítulo 3

Localizando tudo ao seu redor: Onde as coisas estão

5 Regras totais
60 exemplos
5 min
Regras neste capítulo Prática rápida

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of locating and identifying objects in your daily life.

  • Identify objects near and far using demonstratives.
  • Ask simple questions to learn the names of items.
  • Describe the precise location of objects using prepositions.
Point, ask, and locate your world with confidence.

O que você vai aprender

Pronto para começar a dar nome e lugar a tudo o que você vê? Neste capítulo, vamos mergulhar no vocabulário essencial para você interagir com o seu ambiente imediato. Imagine que você está em uma loja em Londres e precisa perguntar o que é aquele objeto curioso na prateleira; você aprenderá a usar 'this' e 'that' para apontar com precisão, além de dominar a pergunta chave: 'What is this?'. Para tornar a conversa ainda mais natural, vamos introduzir os possessivos 'my' e 'your', fundamentais para evitar confusões na hora de identificar de quem é o celular ou a chave sobre a mesa. O grande diferencial aqui será o domínio das preposições 'in', 'on' e 'at', que conectam tudo o que você aprendeu, permitindo que você descreva se algo está dentro, em cima ou em um ponto específico. Ao final deste capítulo, você será capaz de descrever seu quarto, organizar itens no trabalho usando 'here' e 'there' e se comunicar com clareza sobre a localização de qualquer objeto. É o passo fundamental para você parar de apenas observar e começar a descrever o seu mundo em inglês com total confiança!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use 'this' and 'that' to point out objects in your immediate surroundings.

Guia do capítulo

Overview

Learning to talk about the things around you is one of the most exciting first steps in English! This guide will help you begin to describe your everyday world, whether you're pointing out a cup, asking about a book, or telling someone where your keys are. Mastering these simple building blocks allows you to communicate basic needs and observations, making your first interactions in English much clearer and more confident.
It’s all about understanding where things are and how to refer to them directly. This fundamental knowledge is key for any absolute beginner aiming to learn English A0 grammar and will be useful in countless daily situations, from finding items to understanding directions. You’ll quickly be able to express yourself more effectively, turning simple observations into basic English sentences.
This chapter lays the foundation for all future descriptive language.

How This Grammar Works

Let's explore how we point to and describe objects in English. First, when you want to show someone an object, you use 'this' for one thing that is close to you, and 'these' for many things that are close to you. If the object is far away, you use 'that' for one thing and 'those' for many things.
For example, if a pen is in your hand, you say,
This is a pen.
If a book is across the room, you say,
That is a book.
When you want to ask about something, you often start with
What is this?
for one close object, or
What are these?
for many close objects. Similarly, you'd ask
What is that?
or
What are those?
for things far away. Notice how we use 'is' for one thing (singular) and 'are' for many things (plural).
We also use 'here' to talk about a location close to you, and 'there' for a location far from you. For instance,
My bag is here
or
The car is there.
To show ownership, we use 'my' for things belonging to you and 'your' for things belonging to the person you are talking to. These words must always be followed by a noun. For example,
My book is red
or
Your phone is new.
Finally, to specify where things are, we use prepositions:
* 'In': for something inside an enclosed space (e.g.,
in the box,
in the room
).
* 'On': for something resting on a surface (e.g.,
on the table,
on the wall
).
* 'At': for a specific point or general location (e.g.,
at the door,
at home,
at the park
). Understanding these basic rules will unlock your ability to describe the world around you in simple English.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1Mixing up 'is' and 'are' with singular/plural:
* ✗ These is my keys.
* ✓ These are my keys. (Use 'are' for plural 'these'.)
* ✗ Those are my book.
* ✓ That is my book. (Use 'is' for singular 'that'.)
  1. 1Incorrect preposition for location:
* ✗ The apple is on the box. (If it's *inside* the box)
* ✓ The apple is in the box.
* ✗ My phone is in the table. (If it's *on top of* the table)
* ✓ My phone is on the table.
  1. 1Using 'my' or 'your' without a noun:
* ✗ That is my. (What is yours?)
* ✓ That is my book.
* ✗ Where is your? (Your what?)
* ✓ Where is your jacket?

Real Conversations

Conversation 1: Pointing and Asking

A

A

What is this? (A points to a pen on the table, close to A)
B

B

This is a pen.
A

A

And what is that? (A points to a bag across the room)
B

B

That is my bag.

Conversation 2: Location and Possession

A

A

Excuse me, where is my phone?
B

B

Is it on the chair?
A

A

No, it’s not on the chair. Oh, it’s in my pocket! Thank you.

Conversation 3: Close and Far

A

A

Look! This is a nice picture. (Holding the picture)
B

B

Yes, it is! And that is a big tree there. (Pointing out the window)

Quick FAQ

Q: When do I use 'this' versus 'that' in English?

Use 'this' for a single object close to you (like in your hand). Use 'that' for a single object that is farther away from you (like across the room).

Q: What's the main difference between 'in', 'on', and 'at' for beginners?

'In' means something is inside a space (like in a box). 'On' means something is on a surface (like on a table). 'At' means a specific point or general location (like at home or at the bus stop).

Q: Can I say My is good instead of
My life is good
?

No, 'my' always needs a noun right after it. You must say

My life is good
or
My car is fast.
It tells you *whose* noun it is.

Q: How do I ask about a location in English?

You can ask

Where is it?
for a single item, or
Where are they?
for multiple items. Then you can use 'here' or 'there' in your answer, or a preposition like 'in', 'on', or 'at'.

Cultural Context

These simple grammar patterns are the backbone of everyday conversation in English. Native speakers use 'this', 'that', 'in', 'on', and 'at' constantly and naturally. They are not formal or informal; they are simply how you describe the basic existence and location of objects.
Mastering them will make your English sound more natural and your meaning clearer to native speakers from the very beginning.

Exemplos-chave (4)

1

Is **this** your coffee?

Este é o seu café?

Este & Aquele: Apontar as Coisas
2

**That** building is very tall.

Aquele prédio é muito alto.

Este & Aquele: Apontar as Coisas
3

What is this? It's a book.

¿Qué es esto? Es un libro.

O que é isto? — Perguntando sobre coisas
4

What's that? It's a bird!

¿Qué es eso? ¡Es un pájaro!

O que é isto? — Perguntando sobre coisas

Dicas e truques (4)

💡

Visualize a distância!

Para decidir entre um e outro, imagine que você tem um braço bem curtinho. Se você alcança o objeto fácil, use this. Se precisar esticar o braço ou andar, use that. É um truque simples:
This is my coffee.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este & Aquele: Apontar as Coisas
💡

Point and Ask

If you forget the word for an object, just point and say 'What is this?'. It's the best way to learn!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O que é isto? — Perguntando sobre coisas
💡

Sempre antes do nome

Lembre-se que 'my' e 'your' sempre vêm coladinhos antes do objeto que você está descrevendo, como em my phone ou your hat. Eles nunca ficam sozinhos no final!
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — Possessivos Simples
💡

Visualize o Espaço

Imagine o local: se você está fisicamente *dentro* de algo (como um quarto), use in.
I am in the bedroom.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Em, Sobre, A: Onde Estão as Coisas

Vocabulário-chave (5)

book a written work pen an instrument for writing table a piece of furniture bag a container for carrying things phone a device for calling

Real-World Preview

search

Finding Your Keys

Review Summary

  • This/That + is + [noun]
  • What + is + this/that?
  • My/Your + [noun]
  • [Noun] + is + in/on/at + [place]
  • It is + here/there

Erros comuns

You cannot use 'this' for something far away ('there'). Use 'that' for distance.

Wrong: This is my book there.
Correto: That is my book there.

We use 'on' for surfaces and 'in' for containers. A table is a surface.

Wrong: Where is the pen in the table?
Correto: Where is the pen on the table?

Use 'my' before a noun, not 'mine'. 'Mine' is used alone.

Wrong: What is that? That is mine book.
Correto: What is that? That is my book.

Next Steps

You've done an amazing job! Keep looking around and naming your world in English. See you in the next chapter!

Label your furniture with sticky notes using 'This is my...' phrases.

Continue to: Expressing Actions & Needs

Prática rápida (10)

Qual frase está correta?

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My cat is on the bed.
O gato está deitado sobre a superfície da cama. 'On the bed' descreve a localização física.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Em, Sobre, A: Onde Estão as Coisas

Qual frase está correta?

Escolha a opção certa:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My phone is here, in my hand.
Se o celular está na sua mão, ele está muito perto, logo usamos 'here'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Aqui e Ali: Localização Simples

Encontre e corrija o erro.

Find and fix the mistake:

The cat is over here, by the door (apontando para o outro lado da sala).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The cat is over there, by the door.
Se você está apontando para longe, o gato não está perto de você, então 'there' é o correto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Aqui e Ali: Localização Simples

Encontre e corrija o erro

Find and fix the mistake:

I am waiting on the bus stop.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: I am waiting at the bus stop.
Para um ponto específico como 'ponto de ônibus', usamos 'at', não 'on'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Em, Sobre, A: Onde Estão as Coisas

Complete the question.

What ___ this?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: is
We use 'is' for singular objects like 'this'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O que é isto? — Perguntando sobre coisas

Escolha a palavra correta.

The keys are ____ on the table.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: here
Se as chaves estão na mesa ao seu lado, elas estão 'here'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Aqui e Ali: Localização Simples

Qual frase está gramaticalmente correta?

Escolha a frase correta:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: That is my car over there.
That é usado para objetos no singular que estão longe, e combina com is. O 'over there' confirma a distância.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este & Aquele: Apontar as Coisas

Fix the sentence.

Find and fix the mistake:

This is what?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: What is this?
In English questions, the question word 'What' comes first.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: O que é isto? — Perguntando sobre coisas

Escolha a palavra correta para completar a frase.

I want ___ apple on the table next to me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: this
A maçã está 'na mesa ao meu lado', o que indica que está perto de quem fala, por isso 'this' é o correto.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Este & Aquele: Apontar as Coisas

Escolha a forma correta

This is ___ coffee.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: my
'My' é o adjetivo possessivo, mostrando que o café me pertence. 'I' é apenas o pronome pessoal.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: My & Your — Possessivos Simples

Score: /10

Perguntas comuns (6)

É a distância! This aponta para algo singular que está perto de você, enquanto that aponta para algo singular que está longe. Pense em this como 'aqui' e that como 'lá'.
This is my pen.
Com certeza! Você pode dizer
This is my friend Sarah
se ela estiver do seu lado, ou
Who is that person over there?
se alguém estiver longe.
That is my teacher.
Yes! In fact, native speakers say What's this? more often than What is this? in casual conversation.
Use this for things you can touch or are very close. Use that for things further away.
É simples: 'My' indica que algo pertence a quem fala (eu), e 'your' indica que pertence a quem ouve (você). Por exemplo:
This is my dog.
Não mudam nada! Você diz my book (singular) e my books (plural). O inglês facilita muito a nossa vida aqui.
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Expressing Actions & Needs
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