क्रिया से संज्ञा: जेरुंड और इंफिनिटिव का उपयोग (ing / to)
Gerunds और Infinitives को अच्छे से समझना तुम्हारी इंग्लिश को और भी precise और natural बना देगा।
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Gerunds (-ing) and Infinitives (to) turn verbs into nouns, but their usage depends entirely on the preceding verb or preposition.
- Use gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs like 'suggest' or 'enjoy'. Example: 'He suggested going.'
- Use infinitives after adjectives and verbs like 'decide' or 'hope'. Example: 'I decided to stay.'
- Some verbs change meaning entirely depending on which form follows. Example: 'Stop to smoke' vs 'Stop smoking'.
Overview
Gerunds और Infinitives का सही इस्तेमाल करना एक C1 लेवल के विद्यार्थी के लिए बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है। इसे हम 'Verbals' कहते हैं। सरल शब्दों में, जब हम किसी क्रिया (verb) को एक संज्ञा (noun) की तरह इस्तेमाल करते हैं, तब हम इनका प्रयोग करते हैं। हिंदी में, हम अक्सर क्रिया के साथ 'ना' (जैसे- खाना, पीना, सोना) जोड़कर उसे संज्ञा बना देते हैं, जैसे 'सोना स्वास्थ्य के लिए अच्छा है'। English में इसके लिए Sleeping is good for health कहा जाता है।Gerund (-ing form) और Infinitive (to + verb) के बीच का चुनाव अक्सर उस मुख्य क्रिया (main verb) पर निर्भर करता है जो वाक्य में पहले आती है। यह केवल व्याकरण का नियम नहीं है, बल्कि यह आपके वाक्यों को अधिक प्रभावशाली और 'native-like' बनाता है। अगर आप I enjoy to read कहते हैं, तो यह व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है, जबकि I enjoy reading एकदम सही है। यह सूक्ष्म अंतर ही आपकी भाषा की पकड़ को दर्शाता है।Gerunds और Infinitives का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्रिया को वाक्य में 'नाम' (noun) या 'विशेषता' (adjective) का दर्जा देना है।- 1Gerund (-ing form): यह क्रिया का वह रूप है जो संज्ञा की तरह व्यवहार करता है। हिंदी में इसका सबसे करीब का रूप 'क्रियार्थक संज्ञा' है। उदाहरण के लिए, 'टहलना' (Walking) एक अच्छी आदत है। यहाँ 'टहलना' एक संज्ञा की तरह काम कर रहा है।
- 2Infinitive (to + verb): यह भी संज्ञा, विशेषण या क्रिया-विशेषण की तरह काम करता है। हिंदी में इसके लिए 'के लिए' या 'ना' का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे- 'मैं पढ़ने के लिए स्कूल गया' (I went to school to study)।
to का प्रयोग एक 'marker' की तरह होता है। एक महत्वपूर्ण बात जो हमें समझनी है, वह है 'Grammaticalization'। English में कुछ क्रियाएं (जैसे enjoy, avoid) हमेशा अपने बाद gerund ही लेती हैं, जबकि plan, want, decide हमेशा infinitive लेती हैं। यह हिंदी के व्याकरण में 'ने' या 'को' के प्रयोग से बिल्कुल अलग है। हिंदी में हम 'चाहना' के साथ 'खाना' (to eat) जोड़ते हैं, जैसे 'मैं खाना चाहता हूँ', जो कि English के I want to eat के काफी करीब है, लेकिन enjoy के मामले में हिंदी में हम 'मज़ा आता है' के साथ क्रिया का रूप बदल देते हैं, जबकि English में enjoy के साथ हमेशा -ing ही आता है।- अगर अंत में 'e' हो, तो उसे हटाकर 'ing' लगाएं (Make -> Making).
- अगर अंत में 'consonant' हो और उससे पहले 'vowel' हो, तो अंतिम अक्षर को डबल करें (Swim -> Swimming).
- 1Subject के रूप में: जब आप किसी क्रिया को वाक्य का कर्ता बनाते हैं।
Smoking is injurious to health(धूम्रपान स्वास्थ्य के लिए हानिकारक है)। यहाँ 'Smoking' एक संज्ञा (noun) का काम कर रहा है। - 2Prepositions के बाद: याद रखें, किसी भी preposition (
in,at,on,for,about) के बाद हमेशाGerundही आएगा। जैसे:He is good at playing cricket(वह क्रिकेट खेलने में अच्छा है)। हिंदी में हम कहते हैं 'खेलने में', जो 'playing' के साथ अच्छी तरह बैठता है। - 3Purpose (उद्देश्य) के लिए: जब आप किसी क्रिया का उद्देश्य बताते हैं, तो
Infinitiveका उपयोग करें।I went to the market to buy vegetables(मैं सब्ज़ियाँ खरीदने बाज़ार गया)। यहाँ 'to buy' का मतलब 'खरीदने के लिए' है। - 4Certain Verbs के बाद: कुछ क्रियाएं फिक्स हैं। जैसे
suggest,consider,avoidके बाद हमेशा-ingआता है।I suggest going there(मैं वहाँ जाने का सुझाव देता हूँ)।
- 1Preposition के बाद Infinitive का प्रयोग: हिंदी में हम 'के लिए' बोलते हैं, इसलिए छात्र अक्सर
I am interested to learnबोल देते हैं। यह गलत है। चूँकिinterested inहै, इसलिए यहाँin learningहोना चाहिए। - 2Articles का लोप: हिंदी में आर्टिकल नहीं होते, इसलिए छात्र अक्सर
I like reading bookकह देते हैं। सही होगाI like reading booksयाI like reading a book। - 3Gerund/Infinitive का मिश्रण:
I enjoy to playकहना। हिंदी में 'खेलने का मज़ा' और 'खेलना पसंद है' में क्रिया का रूप बदलना पड़ता है।Enjoyके साथ हमेशा-ing(Gerund) का प्रयोग करें, न किtoका।
- 1क्या सभी verbs के बाद gerund या infinitive का प्रयोग हो सकता है?
try, remember, forget के साथ अर्थ बदल जाता है। Try to do मतलब कोशिश करना, Try doing मतलब प्रयोग करके देखना।- 1'To' का प्रयोग preposition के रूप में कब होता है?
to किसी phrasal verb का हिस्सा हो, जैसे look forward to, be used to, object to। इनके बाद हमेशा gerund आता है।- 1Bare infinitive कब इस्तेमाल करें?
can, should, must) और let, make, see (perception verbs) के साथ बिना to के क्रिया का प्रयोग होता है।Gerund vs. Infinitive Structures
| Form | Gerund (-ing) | Infinitive (to + V) |
|---|---|---|
|
Simple
|
Doing
|
To do
|
|
Negative
|
Not doing
|
Not to do
|
|
Passive
|
Being done
|
To be done
|
|
Perfect
|
Having done
|
To have done
|
|
Perfect Passive
|
Having been done
|
To have been done
|
|
Continuous
|
N/A
|
To be doing
|
Meanings
The use of gerunds (the -ing form) and infinitives (to + base form) as objects or subjects in a sentence to represent an action as a concept or thing.
Gerund as Subject/Object
Using the -ing form to talk about an activity in general.
“Skiing is my favorite winter sport.”
“I really enjoy hiking in the mountains.”
Infinitive of Purpose
Using 'to + verb' to explain why someone does something.
“I went to the store to buy milk.”
“She studied hard to pass the exam.”
Meaning-Change Verbs
Verbs like 'remember', 'forget', and 'stop' that change meaning based on the complement.
“I stopped to smoke (I paused my walk to have a cigarette).”
“I stopped smoking (I quit the habit).”
Gerunds after Prepositions
English strictly requires the -ing form after any preposition.
“I am interested in learning more.”
“She is good at drawing.”
Reference Table
| इस्तेमाल का संदर्भ | रूप | क्रिया का उदाहरण | वाक्य का उदाहरण |
|---|---|---|---|
|
वाक्य का Subject
|
Gerund
|
Swimming
|
Swimming is great exercise.
|
|
Prepositions के बाद
|
Gerund
|
of learning
|
She dreams of learning German.
|
|
कुछ खास क्रियाओं के बाद
|
Gerund
|
enjoy watching
|
I enjoy watching documentaries.
|
|
कुछ खास क्रियाओं के बाद
|
Infinitive
|
decide to go
|
They decided to go home.
|
|
क्रिया + Object + Infinitive
|
Infinitive
|
told him to wait
|
I told him to wait for me.
|
|
विशेषण + Infinitive
|
Infinitive
|
easy to understand
|
This rule is easy to understand.
|
|
अर्थ बदलने वाली क्रियाएं (stop)
|
Gerund
|
stop eating
|
You should stop eating sugar.
|
|
अर्थ बदलने वाली क्रियाएं (stop)
|
Infinitive
|
stop to eat
|
We stopped to eat lunch.
|
|
अर्थ बदलने वाली क्रियाएं (try)
|
Gerund
|
try calling
|
Try calling her number again.
|
|
अर्थ बदलने वाली क्रियाएं (try)
|
Infinitive
|
try to call
|
I will try to call her later.
|
औपचारिकता का स्तर
I would suggest implementing a new strategy. (Business meeting)
I suggest trying a new strategy. (Business meeting)
How about trying something else? (Business meeting)
Let's just wing it. (Business meeting)
Gerunds और Infinitives: क्रिया से संज्ञा के रूप
Gerunds (-ing)
- Subject Reading is fun.
- Preposition के बाद Good at drawing.
- क्रियाओं के बाद Enjoy playing.
Infinitives (to + Verb)
- Object Decide to go.
- विशेषणों के बाद Easy to learn.
- उद्देश्य Stopped to eat.
दोनों (अर्थ में बदलाव)
- Stop Stop smoking / Stop to smoke.
- Remember Remember locking / Remember to lock.
Gerunds बनाम Infinitives: त्वरित मार्गदर्शिका
Gerund या Infinitive चुनना: एक निर्णय प्रवाह
क्या क्रिया से पहले कोई preposition है (जैसे in, on, about, for, without)?
क्या क्रिया वाक्य का subject है?
क्या मुख्य क्रिया ऐसी है जो आमतौर पर INFINITIVE लेती है (जैसे want, need, decide, hope)?
क्या मुख्य क्रिया ऐसी है जो आमतौर पर GERUND लेती है (जैसे enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest)?
क्या क्रिया का अर्थ अलग रूप के साथ बदल जाता है (जैसे stop, remember, try)?
सामान्य क्रिया समूह
क्रियाएं + Gerund
- • Enjoy
- • Finish
- • Avoid
- • Mind
- • Suggest
- • Consider
- • Deny
- • Admit
क्रियाएं + Infinitive
- • Decide
- • Agree
- • Hope
- • Plan
- • Promise
- • Want
- • Learn
- • Refuse
क्रियाएं + Object + Infinitive
- • Ask
- • Tell
- • Advise
- • Allow
- • Force
- • Remind
- • Encourage
- • Persuade
क्रियाएं + Gerund या Infinitive (समान अर्थ)
- • Start
- • Begin
- • Continue
- • Like
- • Love
- • Hate
- • Prefer
क्रियाएं + Gerund या Infinitive (अलग अर्थ)
- • Stop
- • Remember
- • Forget
- • Try
- • Regret
- • Need
स्तर के अनुसार उदाहरण
I like reading books.
I want to go home.
Swimming is fun.
He needs to sleep.
She finished doing her homework.
They decided to buy a car.
I am interested in learning English.
We went to the cafe to meet friends.
You should avoid eating too much sugar.
I hope to see you soon.
He kept talking even though I was busy.
It is difficult to understand him.
I remember visiting Paris when I was ten.
Please remember to lock the door.
I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
Try adding some salt to the soup.
I resent being treated like a child.
He is reported to have escaped from prison.
I object to being spoken to in that tone.
The company anticipates making a profit this year.
I don't much care for his interfering in our affairs.
To have lived through such a crisis is a miracle.
I watched the sun set over the horizon.
The suspect confessed to having forged the documents.
आसानी से भ्रमित होने वाले
Learners often use 'stop to do' when they mean they quit a habit.
Mixing up past memories with future tasks.
Used incorrectly in academic or biographical contexts.
सामान्य गलतियाँ
I like swim.
I like swimming.
I want going.
I want to go.
He is good in play.
He is good at playing.
To reading is fun.
Reading is fun.
I am thinking to go.
I am thinking of going.
She finished to eat.
She finished eating.
I went for buy milk.
I went to buy milk.
I suggest to wait.
I suggest waiting.
I don't mind to help.
I don't mind helping.
I am used to get up early.
I am used to getting up early.
I regret to tell him the news.
I regret telling him the news.
He was seen cross the road.
He was seen crossing the road.
I look forward to meet you.
I look forward to meeting you.
They denied to have stolen it.
They denied having stolen it.
वाक्य संरचनाएँ
I am looking forward to ___.
It's no use ___.
I would rather ___ than ___.
I resent ___.
Real World Usage
I am skilled at managing large teams.
Stop bugging me!
Thanks for following!
I'd like to check in, please.
Your order is being prepared.
Understanding the data is crucial.
पैटर्न पर ध्यान दो
I enjoy watching movies.
क्रिया के जोड़ों को याद करो
She decided to leave.
Prepositions हमेशा जीतते हैं!
औपचारिक बनाम अनौपचारिक बारीकियां
Smoking is bad for health.vs.
To err is human.
एक अच्छी डिक्शनरी का इस्तेमाल करो
Smart Tips
Never use 'to'. Always use -ing or a 'that' clause.
Use 'to + verb' instead of 'for + -ing'.
Check if the action happened in the past (use -ing) or needs to happen in the future (use to).
Always add -ing to the following verb.
उच्चारण
The -ing suffix
In casual speech, the 'g' is often dropped (e.g., 'runnin'), but in formal English, the full 'ng' sound is expected.
The 'to' particle
In the infinitive, 'to' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'tuh'.
Emphasis on the Gerund
I LOVE ↗swimming.
Emphasizes the activity itself.
याद करें
स्मृति सहायक
Prepositions are 'ing'-clined to take the gerund.
दृश्य संबंध
Imagine a 'To' bridge leading to a future goal (Infinitive) and an '-ing' circle representing a continuous cycle or a past memory (Gerund).
Rhyme
After 'suggest' and 'avoid', the -ing form is employed. After 'hope' and 'decide', the 'to' form will be your guide.
Story
I was 'walking' (gerund) in the park when I 'stopped to look' (infinitive of purpose) at a bird. I 'remembered seeing' (gerund for memory) that bird before. I 'decided to take' (infinitive for decision) a photo.
Word Web
चैलेंज
Write 5 sentences about your career goals using at least 3 gerunds and 3 infinitives.
सांस्कृतिक नोट्स
BrE often uses 'like + gerund' (I like swimming), whereas AmE is more likely to use 'like + infinitive' (I like to swim), though both are understood.
Gerunds are preferred for naming fields of study or complex processes in formal papers.
Sometimes uses 'a-' prefixing with gerunds in folk speech, though this is non-standard.
The English gerund evolved from the Old English suffix '-ung', while the infinitive comes from the Germanic 'to' + dative case of the verbal noun.
बातचीत की शुरुआत
What is something you really enjoy doing on weekends?
What do you hope to achieve in the next five years?
Is there anything you regret doing in your past?
What would you suggest doing to improve the local economy?
डायरी विषय
सामान्य गलतियाँ
Test Yourself
She finished ___ her essay just before the deadline.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm looking forward to go on vacation next month.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Translate into English: 'Ella se detuvo para estirar las piernas.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /5
अभ्यास प्रश्न
8 exercisesI suggest ___ to the museum instead.
I'll never forget ___ (see) the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am looking forward to meet you next week.
It is not worth trying to fix this. (USE)
1. Avoid, 2. Decide, 3. Stop (quit)
He stopped to talk to her.
She is interested in ___ (apply) for the job.
Choose the grammatically perfect sentence.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHave you considered ___ for that advanced course?
I regret telling you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella me sugirió ir a la playa.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the correct form:
I can't imagine ___ without my phone for a day.
He offered taking us to the airport.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Recuerdo haber cerrado la puerta.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the phrase that correctly completes them:
Score: /12
अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल (8)
In this phrase, 'to' is a preposition, not part of the infinitive. Just as you say 'I'm going to London' (noun), you must use a gerund (verbal noun) after 'to' here.
'Try to do' means you are making an effort to achieve something difficult. 'Try doing' means you are experimenting with an action to see if it solves a problem.
Yes, usually. 'I like swimming' and 'I like to swim' are both correct. However, 'I like to swim' often implies a habit or something you think is a good idea, while 'I like swimming' focuses on the enjoyment of the activity.
Common ones include: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, and keep.
No. After modal verbs (can, should, must) and verbs like 'make' and 'let', we use the 'bare infinitive' without 'to'.
Absolutely! 'Smoking is prohibited' or 'Learning is fun' are perfect examples.
It's the form 'being + past participle'. For example: 'I don't like being told what to do.'
Try putting a noun after it. If it makes sense (e.g., 'I'm used to *the noise*'), then 'to' is a preposition and needs a gerund.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Infinitivo
Spanish never uses the -ando/-iendo form as a noun.
Infinitif
French uses the gerundive (en + participe présent) only for simultaneous actions.
Infinitiv mit zu
German has no direct equivalent to the English -ing gerund.
Koto / No (Nominalizers)
Japanese doesn't have a 'to-infinitive' vs 'gerund' distinction; it depends on the following particle.
Masdar
The Masdar is a distinct morphological form, not just a suffix like -ing.
No change
There are no morphological markers like -ing or 'to'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
संबंधित वीडियो
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Overview क्या तुमने कभी गलती से किसी को बोल दिया है कि तुमने अपनी जॉब छोड़ दी (`quit your job`), जबकि असल में तुमने बस अप...
Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns (Want to Go / Enjoy Going)
## Infinitives and Gerunds: Verb Patterns ### Verbs + to + infinitive - **want**: I want **to eat**. - **need**: She ne...
अंग्रेजी पार्टिसिपल क्लॉज़: एक साथ दो काम करना (V-ing)
### Overview नमस्ते! एक Expert English Teacher के रूप में, मैं जानता हूँ कि जब आप C1 लेवल पर पहुँचते हैं, तो आपकी चुनौत...