Verbo a Sustantivo: Usando Gerundios e Infinitivos (-ing / to)
gerundios y infinitivos te dará una precisión y naturalidad que pocos alcanzan en inglés. ¡Prepárate para llevar tu gramática a otro nivel!
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Gerunds (-ing) and Infinitives (to) turn verbs into nouns, but their usage depends entirely on the preceding verb or preposition.
- Use gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs like 'suggest' or 'enjoy'. Example: 'He suggested going.'
- Use infinitives after adjectives and verbs like 'decide' or 'hope'. Example: 'I decided to stay.'
- Some verbs change meaning entirely depending on which form follows. Example: 'Stop to smoke' vs 'Stop smoking'.
Overview
gerunds (gerundios) y infinitives (infinitivos) es un paso fundamental para alcanzar un nivel C1 en inglés. Para un hispanohablante, esto puede parecer sencillo al principio, pero las sutilezas gramaticales son enormes. En español, usamos el infinitivo casi para todo (ej.-ing como sustantivo (gerundio) es omnipresente. Cuando hablamos de verbals (formas verbales que funcionan como sustantivos, adjetivos o adverbios), estamos entrando en un territorio donde el inglés es mucho más rígido que el español. En español, nuestra gramática permite una gran flexibilidad con el infinitivo, pero en inglés, la elección entre to + verb o verb + -ing depende casi exclusivamente de la semántica del verbo principal o de la estructura de la oración.gerund (ej. swimming) funciona gramaticalmente como un sustantivo.infinitive (ej. to swim) suele denotar propósito, intención o una acción futura.enjoy, avoid o finish, requieren un gerund. ¿Por qué? Porque el inglés conceptualiza estas acciones como algo que ya existe o que tiene una duración.plan, decide o want, requieren un infinitive. Es una cuestión de tiempo mental: el infinitivo es 'hacia adelante', el gerundio es 'el hecho en sí'.-ing) | Infinitivo (generalmente) | Sustantivo (el acto de...) |to + V) | Infinitivo | Propósito, intención, futuro |I prefer to eat o I prefer eating. Esta es la clave: el inglés clasifica los verbos según qué tipo de 'complemento' aceptan.gerund se forma añadiendo -ing a la base verbal, mientras que el infinitive usa la partícula to antes del verbo base.work | working | to work |run | running | to run |write | writing | to write |study | studying | to study |- 1Verbos terminados en
-e(comomake): se elimina laeantes de añadir-ing(making). - 2Verbos
CVC(consonante-vocal-consonante) comoswim: se duplica la consonante final (swimming). - 3Verbos terminados en
-iecomodie: se cambia pory(dying).
infinitive es mucho más sencillo: nunca cambia su forma, siempre es to + verbo base. La excepción es el bare infinitive (infinitivo sin to), que se usa después de verbos modales (can, should, must) o verbos causativos como make o let (ej. She made me cry).- 1Gerunds: Se usan como sujeto de la oración (
Smoking is bad for you), después de preposiciones (I am tired of waiting) y después de verbos específicos de actitud (mind,suggest,enjoy). - 2Infinitives: Se usan para expresar propósito (
I went to the store to buy milk), después de adjetivos (It is difficult to understand) y después de verbos de intención (He wants to travel).
to aquí es una preposición, no parte del infinitivo.- 1El error de la preposición + infinitivo: Los hispanohablantes suelen decir 'I am good at to speak English'. El motivo es la interferencia del español, donde 'bueno en hablar' suena natural. En inglés, cualquier preposición (at, in, of, for) exige un gerundio: 'I am good at speaking English'.
- 2Confusión con verbos de percepción: Decir 'I saw him to cross the street'. En español usamos el infinitivo ('vi a él cruzar'), pero en inglés, después de verbos de percepción como
see,hearofeel, usamos elbare infinitiveo el participio presente: 'I saw him cross' o 'I saw him crossing'. - 3Uso de 'to' en frases idiomáticas: Errores como 'I am used to work hard'. La estructura correcta es 'I am used to working hard', porque
used to(en este contexto de costumbre) actúa como una unidad dondetofunciona como preposición.
stop | stop smoking (dejar de fumar) | stop to smoke (parar para fumar) |remember | remember doing (recordar que lo hiciste) | remember to do (acordarse de hacerlo) |try | try eating (experimentar/probar) | try to eat (intentar hacer el esfuerzo) |stop cambia su complemento directamente.- 1¿Puedo usar siempre el gerundio en lugar del infinitivo? No, la gramática inglesa es estricta. Cada verbo tiene su 'pareja' (gerund o infinitive) y no son intercambiables.
- 2¿Existe alguna regla para identificar qué verbo toma cuál? No hay una regla única, pero recuerda: si el verbo implica un proceso o actitud (enjoy, avoid), ve por el gerundio. Si implica intención o futuro (want, plan), ve por el infinitivo.
- 3¿Por qué 'look forward to' lleva gerundio? Porque
toes una preposición que forma parte del phrasal verblook forward to, y las preposiciones siempre exigen un sustantivo o gerundio.
Gerund vs. Infinitive Structures
| Form | Gerund (-ing) | Infinitive (to + V) |
|---|---|---|
|
Simple
|
Doing
|
To do
|
|
Negative
|
Not doing
|
Not to do
|
|
Passive
|
Being done
|
To be done
|
|
Perfect
|
Having done
|
To have done
|
|
Perfect Passive
|
Having been done
|
To have been done
|
|
Continuous
|
N/A
|
To be doing
|
Meanings
The use of gerunds (the -ing form) and infinitives (to + base form) as objects or subjects in a sentence to represent an action as a concept or thing.
Gerund as Subject/Object
Using the -ing form to talk about an activity in general.
“Skiing is my favorite winter sport.”
“I really enjoy hiking in the mountains.”
Infinitive of Purpose
Using 'to + verb' to explain why someone does something.
“I went to the store to buy milk.”
“She studied hard to pass the exam.”
Meaning-Change Verbs
Verbs like 'remember', 'forget', and 'stop' that change meaning based on the complement.
“I stopped to smoke (I paused my walk to have a cigarette).”
“I stopped smoking (I quit the habit).”
Gerunds after Prepositions
English strictly requires the -ing form after any preposition.
“I am interested in learning more.”
“She is good at drawing.”
Reference Table
| Contexto de uso | Forma | Verbo de ejemplo | Ejemplo de oración |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Sujeto de la oración
|
Gerundio
|
Swimming
|
Swimming is great exercise.
|
|
Después de preposiciones
|
Gerundio
|
of learning
|
She dreams of learning German.
|
|
Después de verbos específicos
|
Gerundio
|
enjoy watching
|
I enjoy watching documentaries.
|
|
Después de verbos específicos
|
Infinitivo
|
decide to go
|
They decided to go home.
|
|
Verbo + Objeto + Infinitivo
|
Infinitivo
|
told him to wait
|
I told him to wait for me.
|
|
Adjetivos + Infinitivo
|
Infinitivo
|
easy to understand
|
This rule is easy to understand.
|
|
Verbos que cambian de significado (stop)
|
Gerundio
|
stop eating
|
You should stop eating sugar.
|
|
Verbos que cambian de significado (stop)
|
Infinitivo
|
stop to eat
|
We stopped to eat lunch.
|
|
Verbos que cambian de significado (try)
|
Gerundio
|
try calling
|
Try calling her number again.
|
|
Verbos que cambian de significado (try)
|
Infinitivo
|
try to call
|
I will try to call her later.
|
Espectro de formalidad
I would suggest implementing a new strategy. (Business meeting)
I suggest trying a new strategy. (Business meeting)
How about trying something else? (Business meeting)
Let's just wing it. (Business meeting)
Gerundios e Infinitivos: Transformaciones de Verbos
Gerundios (-ing)
- Sujeto Reading is fun.
- Después de Preposición Good at drawing.
- Después de Verbos Enjoy playing.
Infinitivos (to + Verbo)
- Objeto Decide to go.
- Después de Adjetivos Easy to learn.
- Propósito Stopped to eat.
Ambos (Cambio de Significado)
- Stop Stop smoking / Stop to smoke.
- Remember Remember locking / Remember to lock.
Gerundios vs. Infinitivos: Guía Rápida
Elegir Gerundio o Infinitivo: Un Diagrama de Decisión
¿El verbo está precedido por una preposición (por ejemplo, in, on, about, for, without)?
¿Es el verbo el sujeto de la oración?
¿Es el verbo principal uno que generalmente usa un INFINITIVO (por ejemplo, want, need, decide, hope)?
¿Es el verbo principal uno que generalmente usa un GERUNDIO (por ejemplo, enjoy, finish, avoid, suggest)?
¿El verbo cambia de significado con una forma diferente (por ejemplo, stop, remember, try)?
Grupos de Verbos Comunes
Verbos + Gerundio
- • Enjoy
- • Finish
- • Avoid
- • Mind
- • Suggest
- • Consider
- • Deny
- • Admit
Verbos + Infinitivo
- • Decide
- • Agree
- • Hope
- • Plan
- • Promise
- • Want
- • Learn
- • Refuse
Verbos + Objeto + Infinitivo
- • Ask
- • Tell
- • Advise
- • Allow
- • Force
- • Remind
- • Encourage
- • Persuade
Verbos + Gerundio O Infinitivo (Mismo Significado)
- • Start
- • Begin
- • Continue
- • Like
- • Love
- • Hate
- • Prefer
Verbos + Gerundio O Infinitivo (Diferente Significado)
- • Stop
- • Remember
- • Forget
- • Try
- • Regret
- • Need
Ejemplos por nivel
I like reading books.
I want to go home.
Swimming is fun.
He needs to sleep.
She finished doing her homework.
They decided to buy a car.
I am interested in learning English.
We went to the cafe to meet friends.
You should avoid eating too much sugar.
I hope to see you soon.
He kept talking even though I was busy.
It is difficult to understand him.
I remember visiting Paris when I was ten.
Please remember to lock the door.
I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
Try adding some salt to the soup.
I resent being treated like a child.
He is reported to have escaped from prison.
I object to being spoken to in that tone.
The company anticipates making a profit this year.
I don't much care for his interfering in our affairs.
To have lived through such a crisis is a miracle.
I watched the sun set over the horizon.
The suspect confessed to having forged the documents.
Fácil de confundir
Learners often use 'stop to do' when they mean they quit a habit.
Mixing up past memories with future tasks.
Used incorrectly in academic or biographical contexts.
Errores comunes
I like swim.
I like swimming.
I want going.
I want to go.
He is good in play.
He is good at playing.
To reading is fun.
Reading is fun.
I am thinking to go.
I am thinking of going.
She finished to eat.
She finished eating.
I went for buy milk.
I went to buy milk.
I suggest to wait.
I suggest waiting.
I don't mind to help.
I don't mind helping.
I am used to get up early.
I am used to getting up early.
I regret to tell him the news.
I regret telling him the news.
He was seen cross the road.
He was seen crossing the road.
I look forward to meet you.
I look forward to meeting you.
They denied to have stolen it.
They denied having stolen it.
Patrones de oraciones
I am looking forward to ___.
It's no use ___.
I would rather ___ than ___.
I resent ___.
Real World Usage
I am skilled at managing large teams.
Stop bugging me!
Thanks for following!
I'd like to check in, please.
Your order is being prepared.
Understanding the data is crucial.
Escucha los patrones
It just sounds right to me.
Memoriza pares de verbos
I enjoy playing football.
¡Las preposiciones siempre ganan!
I look forward to hearing from you.
Matices formales vs. informales
Working from home is great.
Usa un buen diccionario
Check the dictionary for usage.
Smart Tips
Never use 'to'. Always use -ing or a 'that' clause.
Use 'to + verb' instead of 'for + -ing'.
Check if the action happened in the past (use -ing) or needs to happen in the future (use to).
Always add -ing to the following verb.
Pronunciación
The -ing suffix
In casual speech, the 'g' is often dropped (e.g., 'runnin'), but in formal English, the full 'ng' sound is expected.
The 'to' particle
In the infinitive, 'to' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'tuh'.
Emphasis on the Gerund
I LOVE ↗swimming.
Emphasizes the activity itself.
Memorízalo
Mnemotecnia
Prepositions are 'ing'-clined to take the gerund.
Asociación visual
Imagine a 'To' bridge leading to a future goal (Infinitive) and an '-ing' circle representing a continuous cycle or a past memory (Gerund).
Rhyme
After 'suggest' and 'avoid', the -ing form is employed. After 'hope' and 'decide', the 'to' form will be your guide.
Story
I was 'walking' (gerund) in the park when I 'stopped to look' (infinitive of purpose) at a bird. I 'remembered seeing' (gerund for memory) that bird before. I 'decided to take' (infinitive for decision) a photo.
Word Web
Desafío
Write 5 sentences about your career goals using at least 3 gerunds and 3 infinitives.
Notas culturales
BrE often uses 'like + gerund' (I like swimming), whereas AmE is more likely to use 'like + infinitive' (I like to swim), though both are understood.
Gerunds are preferred for naming fields of study or complex processes in formal papers.
Sometimes uses 'a-' prefixing with gerunds in folk speech, though this is non-standard.
The English gerund evolved from the Old English suffix '-ung', while the infinitive comes from the Germanic 'to' + dative case of the verbal noun.
Inicios de conversación
What is something you really enjoy doing on weekends?
What do you hope to achieve in the next five years?
Is there anything you regret doing in your past?
What would you suggest doing to improve the local economy?
Temas para diario
Errores comunes
Test Yourself
She finished ___ her essay just before the deadline.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm looking forward to go on vacation next month.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Translate into English: 'Ella se detuvo para estirar las piernas.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /5
Ejercicios de practica
8 exercisesI suggest ___ to the museum instead.
I'll never forget ___ (see) the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am looking forward to meet you next week.
It is not worth trying to fix this. (USE)
1. Avoid, 2. Decide, 3. Stop (quit)
He stopped to talk to her.
She is interested in ___ (apply) for the job.
Choose the grammatically perfect sentence.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHave you considered ___ for that advanced course?
I regret telling you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Ella me sugirió ir a la playa.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the correct form:
I can't imagine ___ without my phone for a day.
He offered taking us to the airport.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Recuerdo haber cerrado la puerta.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the phrase that correctly completes them:
Score: /12
Preguntas frecuentes (8)
In this phrase, 'to' is a preposition, not part of the infinitive. Just as you say 'I'm going to London' (noun), you must use a gerund (verbal noun) after 'to' here.
'Try to do' means you are making an effort to achieve something difficult. 'Try doing' means you are experimenting with an action to see if it solves a problem.
Yes, usually. 'I like swimming' and 'I like to swim' are both correct. However, 'I like to swim' often implies a habit or something you think is a good idea, while 'I like swimming' focuses on the enjoyment of the activity.
Common ones include: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, and keep.
No. After modal verbs (can, should, must) and verbs like 'make' and 'let', we use the 'bare infinitive' without 'to'.
Absolutely! 'Smoking is prohibited' or 'Learning is fun' are perfect examples.
It's the form 'being + past participle'. For example: 'I don't like being told what to do.'
Try putting a noun after it. If it makes sense (e.g., 'I'm used to *the noise*'), then 'to' is a preposition and needs a gerund.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Infinitivo
Spanish never uses the -ando/-iendo form as a noun.
Infinitif
French uses the gerundive (en + participe présent) only for simultaneous actions.
Infinitiv mit zu
German has no direct equivalent to the English -ing gerund.
Koto / No (Nominalizers)
Japanese doesn't have a 'to-infinitive' vs 'gerund' distinction; it depends on the following particle.
Masdar
The Masdar is a distinct morphological form, not just a suffix like -ing.
No change
There are no morphological markers like -ing or 'to'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
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