تحويل الفعل إلى اسم: استخدام المصادر والصيغ المصدرية (ing / to)
gerund بيعبر عن تجربة عامة، والـ infinitive بيركز أكتر على الغرض أو النية. تذكر دايماً: ing للنشاط، و to للهدف.
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Gerunds (-ing) and Infinitives (to) turn verbs into nouns, but their usage depends entirely on the preceding verb or preposition.
- Use gerunds after prepositions and certain verbs like 'suggest' or 'enjoy'. Example: 'He suggested going.'
- Use infinitives after adjectives and verbs like 'decide' or 'hope'. Example: 'I decided to stay.'
- Some verbs change meaning entirely depending on which form follows. Example: 'Stop to smoke' vs 'Stop smoking'.
نظرة عامة
reading في جملة و to read في جملة أخرى؟I stopped smoking و I stopped to smoke.- 1الـ Gerund (
-ing): وهو الأقرب للمصدر الصريح في العربية. عندما تقولSwimming is fun(السباحة ممتعة)، فأنت تعامل الفعل كاسم يعبر عن النشاط بشكل عام. - 2الـ Infinitive (
to+ verb): وهو يشبه إلى حد كبير تركيب (أن + الفعل) في العربية. عندما تقولI want to swim(أريد أن أسبح)، فإن الصيغة هنا تعبر عن نية أو هدف مستقبلي.
Gerund لأنها تعبر عن أفعال مستمرة، منتهية، أو عادات. بينما تتطلب أفعال أخرى صيغة الـ Infinitive لأنها تركز على المستقبل، النوايا، أو الأهداف.Gerund.- أولاً: الـ Gerunds: يتم بإضافة
-ingإلى أصل الفعل.
work | working | إضافة اعتيادية |write | writing | حذف حرف e الصامت في نهاية الفعل |run | running | تضعيف الحرف الساكن الأخير (إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بساكن-متحرك-ساكن) |lie | lying | تحويل ie إلى y قبل إضافة -ing |- ثانياً: الـ Infinitives: تتكون عادة من
toمتبوعة بالتصريف الأول للفعل (Base Form). وهناك ما يسمى بالـ (Bare Infinitive) وهو الفعل بدونto.
Full Infinitive | to travel | بعد أفعال معينة مثل decide أو hope |Bare Infinitive | travel | بعد الأفعال الناقصة (can, should) أو أفعال السببية (make, let) |- كفاعل للجملة (Subject): عندما نتحدث عن النشاط كفكرة عامة.
Investing in the stock market requires patience.(الاستثمار في البورصة يتطلب صبراً).- بعد حروف الجر (After Prepositions): هذه قاعدة لا تقبل الاستثناء.
He is famous for solving complex problems.- تنبيه: كلمة
toقد تكون حرف جر في أفعال مركبة، وهنا يتبعهاGerundوليسInfinitive. - مثال:
I look forward to meeting you.(أتطلع إلى لقائك). - بعد أفعال معينة: وهي الأفعال التي تعبر عن تجربة سابقة، إنهاء شيء، أو تجنب شيء.
- أفعال مثل:
avoid,enjoy,finish,suggest,mind,admit,consider. I suggest taking a different approach.- بعد تعبيرات اصطلاحية:
It's no use crying...(لا فائدة من البكاء...).I can't help laughing.(لا أتمالك نفسي من الضحك).
- بعد أفعال تعبر عن المستقبل أو النية:
- أفعال مثل:
decide,hope,plan,promise,refuse,want,agree. They agreed to sign the contract.(وافقوا على توقيع العقد).- للتعبير عن الغرض (Purpose): وهي تعادل «لام التعليل» في العربية.
I went to the market to buy some Arabic coffee.(ذهبت إلى السوق لأشتري بعض القهوة العربية).- بعد الصفات:
It is important to maintain family ties.(من المهم الحفاظ على الروابط الأسرية).- بعد كلمات الاستفهام (في الكلام المنقول أو التعليمات):
I don't know what to do.(لا أعرف ماذا أفعل).
to.The manager advised us to wait.(نصحنا المدير بالانتظار).- أفعال أخرى:
allow,encourage,force,remind,tell,warn.
- 1استخدام الـ Infinitive بعد حرف الجر:
- *الخطأ:*
I am interested in to learn English. - *الصواب:*
I am interested in learning English. - *لماذا نخطئ؟* لأننا في العربية نقول «مهتم بأن أتعلم» أو «مهتم بالتعلم»، فنترجم «بـ» إلى
inو «أن أتعلم» إلىto learn. تذكر دائماً: بعد أي حرف جر (in, on, at, for, about, of)، استخدم دائماً-ing.
- 1ترجمة «أن» دائماً بكلمة
thatبدلاً منto:
- *الخطأ:*
I want that I go. - *الصواب:*
I want to go. - *لماذا نخطئ؟* حرف «أن» في العربية (المصدرية) يغرينا باستخدام
thatلأنها تشبهها وظيفياً في بعض الجمل، لكن في الإنجليزية، أفعال الرغبة والطلب تتبع بـtoمباشرة.
- 1نسيان الـ Gerund بعد
look forward to:
- *الخطأ:*
I look forward to see you. - *الصواب:*
I look forward to seeing you. - *لماذا نخطئ؟* لأننا نعتبر
toهنا جزءاً من الـInfinitive(أن أرى)، بينما هي في الواقع حرف جر أصيل في الفعل المركبlook forward to.
Gerund (-ing) | متبوعاً بـ Infinitive (to) |Remember | يتذكر حدثاً في الماضي (تذكرت أنني فعلت كذا) | يتذكر القيام بمهمة في المستقبل (تذكر أن تفعل) |Stop | التوقف عن ممارسة النشاط نهائياً أو مؤقتاً | التوقف عن شيء ما «من أجل» القيام بهذا الفعل |Try | تجربة وسيلة جديدة لحل مشكلة (Experiment) | بذل جهد كبير للقيام بشيء صعب (Effort) |Forget | نسيان حدوث شيء في الماضي | نسيان القيام بمهمة مطلوبة |I stopped smoking.(أقلعت عن التدخين - تركت العادة).I stopped to smoke.(توقفت -كنت أمشي مثلاً- لكي أدخن سيجارة).I tried taking an aspirin, but the headache stayed.(جربت الأسبرين كحل - تجربة).I tried to reach the top of the mountain.(حاولت جاهداً الوصول - بذل جهد).
To learn is important بدلاً من Learning is important.. لكن في الإنجليزية الحديثة، يبدو استخدام الـ Infinitive كفاعل رسمياً جداً أو أدبياً (مثل لغة شكسبير). في المحادثات المهنية المتقدمة، نفضل استخدام الـ Gerund أو البدء بـ It is... (مثال: It is important to learn).-ing لكن الوظيفة مختلفة. الـ Gerund هو اسم (Noun)، بينما الـ Present Participle هو فعل يعبر عن استمرارية أو صفة.I like swimming(هناswimmingاسم - مفعول به).I am swimming(هناswimmingفعل مستمر).
start, begin, continue, hate, love, like. يمكنك قول I started to read أو I started reading دون تغيير جوهري في المعنى، وإن كان الـ Gerund يميل لوصف النشاط بشكل عام والـ Infinitive يميل لوصف لحظة البدء الفعلية.to وهواياتك الحالية تحب الـ -ing!Gerund vs. Infinitive Structures
| Form | Gerund (-ing) | Infinitive (to + V) |
|---|---|---|
|
Simple
|
Doing
|
To do
|
|
Negative
|
Not doing
|
Not to do
|
|
Passive
|
Being done
|
To be done
|
|
Perfect
|
Having done
|
To have done
|
|
Perfect Passive
|
Having been done
|
To have been done
|
|
Continuous
|
N/A
|
To be doing
|
Meanings
The use of gerunds (the -ing form) and infinitives (to + base form) as objects or subjects in a sentence to represent an action as a concept or thing.
Gerund as Subject/Object
Using the -ing form to talk about an activity in general.
“Skiing is my favorite winter sport.”
“I really enjoy hiking in the mountains.”
Infinitive of Purpose
Using 'to + verb' to explain why someone does something.
“I went to the store to buy milk.”
“She studied hard to pass the exam.”
Meaning-Change Verbs
Verbs like 'remember', 'forget', and 'stop' that change meaning based on the complement.
“I stopped to smoke (I paused my walk to have a cigarette).”
“I stopped smoking (I quit the habit).”
Gerunds after Prepositions
English strictly requires the -ing form after any preposition.
“I am interested in learning more.”
“She is good at drawing.”
Reference Table
| سياق الاستخدام | الصيغة | فعل مثال | جملة توضيحية |
|---|---|---|---|
|
فاعل الجملة
|
Gerund
|
Swimming
|
Swimming is great exercise.
|
|
بعد حروف الجر
|
Gerund
|
of learning
|
She dreams of learning German.
|
|
بعد أفعال محددة
|
Gerund
|
enjoy watching
|
I enjoy watching documentaries.
|
|
بعد أفعال محددة
|
Infinitive
|
decide to go
|
They decided to go home.
|
|
فعل + مفعول + مصدر
|
Infinitive
|
told him to wait
|
I told him to wait for me.
|
|
بعد الصفات
|
Infinitive
|
easy to understand
|
This rule is easy to understand.
|
|
تغيير المعنى (التوقف)
|
Gerund
|
stop eating
|
You should stop eating sugar.
|
|
تغيير المعنى (التوقف لغرض)
|
Infinitive
|
stop to eat
|
We stopped to eat lunch.
|
|
تغيير المعنى (التجربة)
|
Gerund
|
try calling
|
Try calling her number again.
|
|
تغيير المعنى (المحاولة)
|
Infinitive
|
try to call
|
I will try to call her later.
|
طيف الرسمية
I would suggest implementing a new strategy. (Business meeting)
I suggest trying a new strategy. (Business meeting)
How about trying something else? (Business meeting)
Let's just wing it. (Business meeting)
تحولات الفعل لاسم: Gerunds و Infinitives
الـ Gerund (-ing)
- فاعل Reading is fun.
- بعد حرف جر Good at drawing.
- بعد أفعال معينة Enjoy playing.
الـ Infinitive (to + Verb)
- مفعول به Decide to go.
- بعد الصفات Easy to learn.
- الغرض Stopped to eat.
كلاهما (مع تغيير المعنى)
- Stop Stop smoking / Stop to smoke.
- Remember Remember locking / Remember to lock.
دليل سريع: Gerunds ضد Infinitives
مخطط القرار: Gerund ولا Infinitive؟
هل الفعل مسبوق بحرف جر (in, on, about, for, without)؟
هل الفعل هو فاعل الجملة؟
هل الفعل الأساسي بياخد دايماً INFINITIVE (زي want, decide)؟
هل الفعل الأساسي بياخد دايماً GERUND (زي enjoy, finish)؟
هل الفعل بيغير معناه حسب الصيغة (زي stop, remember)؟
مجموعات الأفعال الشائعة
أفعال + Gerund
- • Enjoy
- • Finish
- • Avoid
- • Mind
- • Suggest
- • Consider
- • Deny
- • Admit
أفعال + Infinitive
- • Decide
- • Agree
- • Hope
- • Plan
- • Promise
- • Want
- • Learn
- • Refuse
فعل + مفعول + Infinitive
- • Ask
- • Tell
- • Advise
- • Allow
- • Force
- • Remind
- • Encourage
- • Persuade
أفعال + الاثنين (نفس المعنى)
- • Start
- • Begin
- • Continue
- • Like
- • Love
- • Hate
- • Prefer
أفعال + الاثنين (معنى مختلف)
- • Stop
- • Remember
- • Forget
- • Try
- • Regret
- • Need
أمثلة حسب المستوى
I like reading books.
I want to go home.
Swimming is fun.
He needs to sleep.
She finished doing her homework.
They decided to buy a car.
I am interested in learning English.
We went to the cafe to meet friends.
You should avoid eating too much sugar.
I hope to see you soon.
He kept talking even though I was busy.
It is difficult to understand him.
I remember visiting Paris when I was ten.
Please remember to lock the door.
I tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
Try adding some salt to the soup.
I resent being treated like a child.
He is reported to have escaped from prison.
I object to being spoken to in that tone.
The company anticipates making a profit this year.
I don't much care for his interfering in our affairs.
To have lived through such a crisis is a miracle.
I watched the sun set over the horizon.
The suspect confessed to having forged the documents.
سهل الخلط
Learners often use 'stop to do' when they mean they quit a habit.
Mixing up past memories with future tasks.
Used incorrectly in academic or biographical contexts.
أخطاء شائعة
I like swim.
I like swimming.
I want going.
I want to go.
He is good in play.
He is good at playing.
To reading is fun.
Reading is fun.
I am thinking to go.
I am thinking of going.
She finished to eat.
She finished eating.
I went for buy milk.
I went to buy milk.
I suggest to wait.
I suggest waiting.
I don't mind to help.
I don't mind helping.
I am used to get up early.
I am used to getting up early.
I regret to tell him the news.
I regret telling him the news.
He was seen cross the road.
He was seen crossing the road.
I look forward to meet you.
I look forward to meeting you.
They denied to have stolen it.
They denied having stolen it.
أنماط الجُمل
I am looking forward to ___.
It's no use ___.
I would rather ___ than ___.
I resent ___.
Real World Usage
I am skilled at managing large teams.
Stop bugging me!
Thanks for following!
I'd like to check in, please.
Your order is being prepared.
Understanding the data is crucial.
ودنك هي دليلك
I enjoy listening to music.
احفظهم كأزواج
decide to أو enjoy -ing. جرب تقول: She decided to go.
حروف الجر دايماً بتكسب!
Looking forward to meeting you.
الرسمية بتفرق
To be or not to be.
القاموس صديقك
Check the verb patterns.
Smart Tips
Never use 'to'. Always use -ing or a 'that' clause.
Use 'to + verb' instead of 'for + -ing'.
Check if the action happened in the past (use -ing) or needs to happen in the future (use to).
Always add -ing to the following verb.
النطق
The -ing suffix
In casual speech, the 'g' is often dropped (e.g., 'runnin'), but in formal English, the full 'ng' sound is expected.
The 'to' particle
In the infinitive, 'to' is usually unstressed and sounds like 'tuh'.
Emphasis on the Gerund
I LOVE ↗swimming.
Emphasizes the activity itself.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
Prepositions are 'ing'-clined to take the gerund.
ربط بصري
Imagine a 'To' bridge leading to a future goal (Infinitive) and an '-ing' circle representing a continuous cycle or a past memory (Gerund).
Rhyme
After 'suggest' and 'avoid', the -ing form is employed. After 'hope' and 'decide', the 'to' form will be your guide.
Story
I was 'walking' (gerund) in the park when I 'stopped to look' (infinitive of purpose) at a bird. I 'remembered seeing' (gerund for memory) that bird before. I 'decided to take' (infinitive for decision) a photo.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write 5 sentences about your career goals using at least 3 gerunds and 3 infinitives.
ملاحظات ثقافية
BrE often uses 'like + gerund' (I like swimming), whereas AmE is more likely to use 'like + infinitive' (I like to swim), though both are understood.
Gerunds are preferred for naming fields of study or complex processes in formal papers.
Sometimes uses 'a-' prefixing with gerunds in folk speech, though this is non-standard.
The English gerund evolved from the Old English suffix '-ung', while the infinitive comes from the Germanic 'to' + dative case of the verbal noun.
بدايات محادثة
What is something you really enjoy doing on weekends?
What do you hope to achieve in the next five years?
Is there anything you regret doing in your past?
What would you suggest doing to improve the local economy?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
She finished ___ her essay just before the deadline.
Find and fix the mistake:
I'm looking forward to go on vacation next month.
Choose the correct sentence:
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Translate into English: 'توقفت لكي تمدد ساقيها.'
Answer starts with: ["S...
Score: /5
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesI suggest ___ to the museum instead.
I'll never forget ___ (see) the Eiffel Tower for the first time.
Find and fix the mistake:
I am looking forward to meet you next week.
It is not worth trying to fix this. (USE)
1. Avoid, 2. Decide, 3. Stop (quit)
He stopped to talk to her.
She is interested in ___ (apply) for the job.
Choose the grammatically perfect sentence.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesHave you considered ___ for that advanced course?
I regret telling you this, but we need to postpone the meeting.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'اقترحت الذهاب إلى الشاطئ.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the correct form:
I can't imagine ___ without my phone for a day.
He offered taking us to the airport.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'أتذكر أنني أغلقت الباب.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the verbs with the phrase that correctly completes them:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
In this phrase, 'to' is a preposition, not part of the infinitive. Just as you say 'I'm going to London' (noun), you must use a gerund (verbal noun) after 'to' here.
'Try to do' means you are making an effort to achieve something difficult. 'Try doing' means you are experimenting with an action to see if it solves a problem.
Yes, usually. 'I like swimming' and 'I like to swim' are both correct. However, 'I like to swim' often implies a habit or something you think is a good idea, while 'I like swimming' focuses on the enjoyment of the activity.
Common ones include: avoid, enjoy, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, and keep.
No. After modal verbs (can, should, must) and verbs like 'make' and 'let', we use the 'bare infinitive' without 'to'.
Absolutely! 'Smoking is prohibited' or 'Learning is fun' are perfect examples.
It's the form 'being + past participle'. For example: 'I don't like being told what to do.'
Try putting a noun after it. If it makes sense (e.g., 'I'm used to *the noise*'), then 'to' is a preposition and needs a gerund.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Infinitivo
Spanish never uses the -ando/-iendo form as a noun.
Infinitif
French uses the gerundive (en + participe présent) only for simultaneous actions.
Infinitiv mit zu
German has no direct equivalent to the English -ing gerund.
Koto / No (Nominalizers)
Japanese doesn't have a 'to-infinitive' vs 'gerund' distinction; it depends on the following particle.
Masdar
The Masdar is a distinct morphological form, not just a suffix like -ing.
No change
There are no morphological markers like -ing or 'to'.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
Top 3 Google Play Google I/O 2025 announcements
The 3 best predictors of how well you’ll age - Juulia Jylhävä
How the lead industry lied to the public for decades - Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner
شرح الـ Gerund and Infinitive بالتفصيل
ZAmericanEnglish
الفرق بين المصدر و اسم الفاعل في الإنجليزية
Omar Abdelrahim
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